1
|
Sarkar S, Roy D, Chatterjee B, Ghosh R. Clinical advances in analytical profiling of signature lipids: implications for severe non-communicable and neurodegenerative diseases. Metabolomics 2024; 20:37. [PMID: 38459207 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipids play key roles in numerous biological processes, including energy storage, cell membrane structure, signaling, immune responses, and homeostasis, making lipidomics a vital branch of metabolomics that analyzes and characterizes a wide range of lipid classes. Addressing the complex etiology, age-related risk, progression, inflammation, and research overlap in conditions like Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Cancer poses significant challenges in the quest for effective therapeutic targets, improved diagnostic markers, and advanced treatments. Mass spectrometry is an indispensable tool in clinical lipidomics, delivering quantitative and structural lipid data, and its integration with technologies like Liquid Chromatography (LC), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and few emerging Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization- Imaging Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) along with its incorporation into Tissue Microarray (TMA) represents current advances. These innovations enhance lipidomics assessment, bolster accuracy, and offer insights into lipid subcellular localization, dynamics, and functional roles in disease contexts. AIM OF THE REVIEW The review article summarizes recent advancements in lipidomic methodologies from 2019 to 2023 for diagnosing major neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, serious non-communicable cardiovascular diseases and cancer, emphasizing the role of lipid level variations, and highlighting the potential of lipidomics data integration with genomics and proteomics to improve disease understanding and innovative prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Clinical lipidomic studies are a promising approach to track and analyze lipid profiles, revealing their crucial roles in various diseases. This lipid-focused research provides insights into disease mechanisms, biomarker identification, and potential therapeutic targets, advancing our understanding and management of conditions such as Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Cardiovascular Diseases, and specific cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sutanu Sarkar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIBNK), Amity University, Rajarhat, Newtown Action Area 2, Kolkata, 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Deotima Roy
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIBNK), Amity University, Rajarhat, Newtown Action Area 2, Kolkata, 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhaskar Chatterjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIBNK), Amity University, Rajarhat, Newtown Action Area 2, Kolkata, 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajgourab Ghosh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIBNK), Amity University, Rajarhat, Newtown Action Area 2, Kolkata, 700135, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kanwal M, Smahelova J, Ciharova B, Johari SD, Nunvar J, Olsen M, Smahel M. Aspartate β-hydroxylase Regulates Expression of Ly6 Genes. J Cancer 2024; 15:1138-1152. [PMID: 38356711 PMCID: PMC10861829 DOI: 10.7150/jca.90422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Overexpression of aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) in human tumors contributes to their progression by stimulating cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Several signaling pathways affected by ASPH have been identified, but the high number of potential targets of ASPH hydroxylation suggests that additional mechanisms may be involved. This study was performed to reveal new targets of ASPH signaling. Methods: The effect of ASPH on the oncogenicity of three mouse tumor cell lines was tested using proliferation assays, transwell assays, and spheroid invasion assays after inhibition of ASPH with the small molecule inhibitor MO-I-1151. ASPH was also deactivated with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. A transcriptomic analysis was then performed with bulk RNA sequencing and differential gene expression was evaluated. Expression data were verified by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Results: Inhibition or abrogation of ASPH reduced proliferation of the cell lines and their migration and invasiveness. Among the genes with differential expression in more than one cell line, two members of the lymphocyte antigen 6 (Ly6) family, Ly6a and Ly6c1, were found. Their downregulation was confirmed at the protein level by immunoblotting, which also showed their reduction after ASPH inhibition in other mouse cell lines. Reduced production of the Ly6D and Ly6K proteins was shown after ASPH inhibition in human tumor cell lines. Conclusions: Since increased expression of Ly6 genes is associated with the development and progression of both mouse and human tumors, these results suggest a novel mechanism of ASPH oncogenicity and support the utility of ASPH as a target for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Kanwal
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Smahelova
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Ciharova
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Shweta Dilip Johari
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Nunvar
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Mark Olsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy - Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Michal Smahel
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gameiro-Ros I, Noble L, Tong M, Yalcin EB, de la Monte SM. Tissue Microarray Lipidomic Imaging Mass Spectrometry Method: Application to the Study of Alcohol-Related White Matter Neurodegeneration. APPLIED BIOSCIENCES 2023; 2:173-193. [PMID: 38384722 PMCID: PMC10880182 DOI: 10.3390/applbiosci2020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) white matter pathologies accompany many diseases across the lifespan, yet their biochemical bases, mechanisms, and consequences have remained poorly understood due to the complexity of myelin lipid-based research. However, recent advances in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) have minimized or eliminated many technical challenges that previously limited progress in CNS disease-based lipidomic research. MALDI-IMS can be used for lipid identification, semi-quantification, and the refined interpretation of histopathology. The present work illustrates the use of tissue micro-arrays (TMAs) for MALDI-IMS analysis of frontal lobe white matter biochemical lipidomic pathology in an experimental rat model of chronic ethanol feeding. The use of TMAs combines workload efficiency with the robustness and uniformity of data acquisition. The methods described for generating TMAs enable simultaneous comparisons of lipid profiles across multiple samples under identical conditions. With the methods described, we demonstrate significant reductions in phosphatidylinositol and increases in phosphatidylcholine in the frontal white matter of chronic ethanol-fed rats. Together with the use of a novel rapid peak alignment protocol, this approach facilitates reliable inter- and intra-group comparisons of MALDI-IMS data from experimental models and could be extended to human disease states, including using archival specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gameiro-Ros
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lelia Noble
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Ming Tong
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Emine B. Yalcin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Departments of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gan X, Li S, Wang Y, Du H, Hu Y, Xing X, Cheng X, Yan Y, Li Z. Aspartate β-Hydroxylase Serves as a Prognostic Biomarker for Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065482. [PMID: 36982561 PMCID: PMC10053938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has been established as being an effective treatment for advanced gastric cancer (GC), while the predictive biomarker of NACT efficacy remains under investigation. Aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) represents an attractive target which is a highly conserved transmembrane enzyme overexpressed in human GC, and participates in the malignant transformation by promoting tumor cell motility. Here, we evaluated the expression of ASPH by immunohistochemistry in 350 GC tissues (including samples for NACT) and found that ASPH expression was higher in patients undergoing NACT compared with patients without NACT pre-operation. The OS and PFS time of ASPH-intensely positive patients was significantly shorter than that of the negative patients in the NACT group, while the difference was not significant in patients without NACT. We showed that ASPH knockout enhanced the inhibitory effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and suppressed tumor progression in vivo. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that ASPH might interact with LAPTM4B to perform chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Our results suggested that ASPH might serve as a candidate biomarker to predict prognosis and a novel therapeutic target for gastric cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Gan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing 100142, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yiding Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing 100142, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Hong Du
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Biobank, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xiaofang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xiaojing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing 100142, China
- Department of Biobank, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Endoscopy, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing 100142, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ziyu Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing 100142, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (Z.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Labyrinthin Expression Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030924. [PMID: 36765881 PMCID: PMC9913764 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine Labyrinthin (LAB) expression in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we immunostained and scored for LAB immunohistochemistry (IHC) expression on sections of tissue microarrays (TMAs) prepared from 256 archival tissue blocks of NSCLC. Propensity-score-weighted Kaplan-Meier curves and weighted Cox models were used to associate LAB expression with overall survival. LAB mRNA expression was assessed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and correlated with clinical phenotype and outcome. Positive LAB IHC expression (>5% of tumor cells) was detected in 208/256 (81.3%) of NSCLC samples, and found in both lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) and lung squamous cell cancer (LUSC). LAB positivity was associated with poor overall survival (HR = 3.56, 95% CI: 2.3-5.4; p < 0.0001) and high tumor differentiation grade or metastasis compared with negative LAB expression. Univariant and multivariate survival analyses demonstrated LAB expression as an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC patients. LAB RNA expression in TCGA-LUAD was higher in primary and advanced-stage tumors than in normal tissue, and was associated with poorer overall survival. No significant differences or associations were found with LAB RNA expression in TCGA-LUSC. The LAB IHC assay is being used to identify candidate cancer patients for the first-in-human phase I trial evaluating the LAB vaccines (UCDCC#296, NCT051013560).
Collapse
|
6
|
Tong M, Ziplow JL, Mark P, de la Monte SM. Dietary Soy Prevents Alcohol-Mediated Neurocognitive Dysfunction and Associated Impairments in Brain Insulin Pathway Signaling in an Adolescent Rat Model. Biomolecules 2022; 12:676. [PMID: 35625605 PMCID: PMC9139005 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-related brain degeneration is linked to cognitive-motor deficits and impaired signaling through insulin/insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1)-Akt pathways that regulate cell survival, plasticity, metabolism, and homeostasis. In addition, ethanol inhibits Aspartyl-asparaginyl-β-hydroxylase (ASPH), a downstream target of insulin/IGF-1-Akt signaling and an activator of Notch networks. Previous studies have suggested that early treatment with insulin sensitizers or dietary soy could reduce or prevent the long-term adverse effects of chronic ethanol feeding. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to assess the effects of substituting soy isolate for casein to prevent or reduce ethanol's adverse effects on brain structure and function. METHODS Young adolescent male and female Long Evans were used in a 4-way model as follows: Control + Casein; Ethanol + Casein; Control + Soy; Ethanol + Soy; Control = 0% ethanol; Ethanol = 26% ethanol (caloric). Rats were fed isocaloric diets from 4 to 11 weeks of age. During the final experimental week, the Morris Water maze test was used to assess spatial learning (4 consecutive days), after which the brains were harvested to measure the temporal lobe expression of the total phospho-Akt pathway and downstream target proteins using multiplex bead-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and duplex ELISAs. RESULTS Ethanol inhibited spatial learning and reduced brain weight, insulin signaling through Akt, and the expression of ASPH when standard casein was provided as the protein source. The substitution of soy isolate for casein largely abrogated the adverse effects of chronic ethanol feeding. In contrast, Notch signaling protein expression was minimally altered by ethanol or soy isolate. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings suggest that the insulin sensitizer properties of soy isolate may prevent some of the adverse effects that chronic ethanol exposure has on neurobehavioral function and insulin-regulated metabolic pathways in adolescent brains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tong
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02808, USA; (M.T.); (J.L.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Jason L. Ziplow
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02808, USA; (M.T.); (J.L.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Princess Mark
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02808, USA; (M.T.); (J.L.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Neurology and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02808, USA
- Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI 02808, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Holtzman NG, Lebowitz MS, Koka R, Baer MR, Malhotra K, Shahlaee A, Ghanbari HA, Bentzen SM, Emadi A. Aspartate β-Hydroxylase (ASPH) Expression in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Potential Novel Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2022; 11:783744. [PMID: 35004304 PMCID: PMC8727599 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.783744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) is an embryonic transmembrane protein aberrantly upregulated in cancer cells, associated with malignant transformation and, in some reports, with poor clinical prognosis. Objective To report the expression patterns of ASPH in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods Cell surface expression of ASPH was measured via 8-color multiparameter flow cytometry in 41 AML patient samples (31 bone marrow, 10 blood) using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated anti-ASPH antibody, SNS-622. A mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of 10 was used as a cutoff for ASPH surface expression positivity. Data regarding patient and disease characteristics were collected. Results ASPH surface expression was found on AML blasts in 16 samples (39%). Higher ASPH expression was seen in myeloblasts of African American patients (p=0.02), but no correlation was found between ASPH expression and other patient or disease characteristics. No association was found between ASPH status and CR rate (p=0.53), EFS (p=0.87), or OS (p=0.17). Conclusions ASPH is expressed on blasts in approximately 40% of AML cases, and may serve as a new therapeutically targetable leukemia-associated antigen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noa G Holtzman
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Immune Deficiency Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Rima Koka
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maria R Baer
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kanam Malhotra
- Sensei Biotherapeutics Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Amir Shahlaee
- Sensei Biotherapeutics Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | | | - Søren M Bentzen
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ashkan Emadi
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Greve JM, Pinkham AM, Thompson Z, Cowan JA. Active site characterization and activity of the human aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase. Metallomics 2021; 13:6372921. [PMID: 34543426 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Human aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase (HAAH) is a member of the superfamily of nonheme Fe2+/α-ketoglutarate (αKG) dependent oxygenase enzymes with a noncanonical active site. HAAH hydroxylates epidermal growth factor (EGF) like domains to form the β-hydroxylated product from substrate asparagine or aspartic acid and has been suggested to have a negative impact in a variety of cancers. In addition to iron, HAAH also binds divalent calcium, although the role of the latter is not understood. Herein, the metal binding chemistry and influence on enzyme stability and activity have been evaluated by a combined biochemical and biophysical approach. Metal binding parameters for the HAAH active site were determined by use of isothermal titration calorimetry, demonstrating a high-affinity regulatory binding site for Ca2+ in the catalytic domain in addition to the catalytic Fe2+ cofactor. We have analyzed various active site derivatives, utilizing LC-MS and a new HPLC technique to determine the role of metal binding and the second coordination sphere in enzyme activity, discovering a previously unreported residue as vital for HAAH turnover. This analysis of the in vitro biochemical function of HAAH furthers the understanding of its importance to cellular biochemistry and metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Greve
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Andrew M Pinkham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zechariah Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - J A Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Greve JM, Pinkham AM, Cowan JA. Human Aspartyl (Asparaginyl) Hydroxylase. A Multifaceted Enzyme with Broad Intra- and Extracellular Activity. Metallomics 2021; 13:6324587. [PMID: 34283245 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Human aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase (HAAH), a unique iron and 2-oxoglutarate dependent oxygenase, has shown increased importance as a suspected oncogenic protein. HAAH and its associated mRNA are upregulated in a wide variety of cancer types, however, the current role of HAAH in the malignant transformation of cells is unknown. HAAH is suspected to play an important role in NOTCH signaling via selective hydroxylation of aspartic acid and asparagine residues of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains. HAAH hydroxylation also potentially mediates calcium signaling and oxygen sensing. In this review we summarize the current state of understanding of the biochemistry and chemical biology of this enzyme, identify key differences from other family members, outline its broader intra- and extracellular roles, and identify the most promising areas for future research efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Greve
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Andrew M Pinkham
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J A Cowan
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lin Q, Chen X, Meng F, Ogawa K, Li M, Song R, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Kong X, Xu Q, He F, Liu D, Bai X, Sun B, Hung MC, Liu L, Wands JR, Dong X. Multi-organ metastasis as destination for breast cancer cells guided by biomechanical architecture. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2537-2567. [PMID: 34249415 PMCID: PMC8263653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A majority of breast cancer patients die of widespread aggressive multidrug-resistant tumors. Aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) is an α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase and oncofetal antigen involved in embryogenesis. To illustrate if ASPH could be targeted for metastatic breast cancer, embedded and on-top three-dimensional (3-D) cultures, 3-D invasion, mammosphere formation, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, co-IP and microarray were conducted. In vitro metastasis was developed to imitate how cancer cells invade basement membrane at the primary site, transendothelially migrate, consequently colonize and outgrow at distant sites. Orthotopic and experimental pulmonary metastatic (tail vein injection) murine models were established using stable breast cancer cell lines. Cox proportional hazards regression models and Kaplan-Meier plots were applied to assess clinical outcome of breast cancer patients. In adult non-cancerous breast tissue, ASPH is undetectable. Pathologically, ASPH expression re-emerged at ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and enhanced with disease progression, from early-stage invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) to late-stage carcinoma. ASPH at moderate to high levels contribute to aggressive molecular subtypes, early relapse or more frequent progression and metastases, whereas substantially shortened overall survival and disease-free survival of breast cancer patients. Through direct physical interactions with A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein (ADAM)-12/ADAM-15, ASPH could activate SRC cascade, thus upregulating downstream components attributed to multifaceted metastasis. ASPH-SRC axis initiated pro-invasive invadopodium formation causing breakdown/disorganization of extracellular matrix (ECM), simultaneously potentiated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), induced cancer stem cell markers (CD44 and EpCAM), enhanced mammosphere formation and intensified 3-dimentional invasion. Oncogenic SRC upregulated matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs) were assembled by invadopodia, acting as executive effectors for multi-step metastasis. ASPH-SRC signal guided multi-organ metastases (to lungs, liver, bone, spleen, lymph nodes, mesentery or colon) in immunocompromised mice. Malignant phenotypes induced by ASPH-SRC axis were reversed by the third-generation small molecule inhibitor (SMI) specifically against β-hydroxylase activity of ASPH in pre-clinical models of metastatic breast cancer. Collectively, ASPH could activate ADAMs-SRC-MMPs cascades to promote breast cancer tumor progression and metastasis. ASPH could direct invadopodium construction as a biomechanical sensor and pro-metastatic outlet. ASPH-mediated cancer progression could be specifically/efficiently subverted by SMIs of β-hydroxylase activity. Therefore, ASPH emerges as a therapeutic target for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOK 731014, USA
| | - Xuesong Chen
- Department of Internal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHeilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Fanzheng Meng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of EducationHarbin, P. R. China
| | - Kosuke Ogawa
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Min Li
- Immunobiology & Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research InstituteHouston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ruipeng Song
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of EducationHarbin, P. R. China
| | - Shugeng Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of EducationHarbin, P. R. China
| | - Ziran Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of EducationHarbin, P. R. China
| | - Xianglu Kong
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of EducationHarbin, P. R. China
| | - Qinggang Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOK 731014, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu UniversityJiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Fuliang He
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOK 731014, USA
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, The 9 Affiliated Hospital of Peking UniversityP. R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityHenan Province, P. R. China
| | - Xuewei Bai
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery; Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHeilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery; Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHeilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of EducationHarbin, P. R. China
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, The University of Sciences and Technology of ChinaAnhui Province, P. R. China
| | - Jack R Wands
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Xiaoqun Dong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOK 731014, USA
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI 02903, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Barboro P, Benelli R, Tosetti F, Costa D, Capaia M, Astigiano S, Venè R, Poggi A, Ferrari N. Aspartate β-hydroxylase targeting in castration-resistant prostate cancer modulates the NOTCH/HIF1α/GSK3β crosstalk. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1246-1252. [PMID: 32525968 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is an incurable stage of the disease. A multivariate principal component analysis on CRPC in vitro models identified aspartyl (asparaginyl) β hydrolase (ASPH) as the most relevant molecule associated with the CRPC phenotype. ASPH is overexpressed in various malignant neoplasms and catalyzes the hydroxylation of aspartyl and asparaginyl residues in the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains of proteins like NOTCH receptors and ligands, enhancing cell motility, invasion and metastatic spread. Bioinformatics analyses of ASPH in prostate cancer (PCa) and CRPC datasets indicate that ASPH gene alterations have prognostic value both in PCa and CRPC patients. In CRPC cells, inhibition of ASPH expression obtained through specific small interfering RNA or culturing cells in hypoxic conditions, reduced cell proliferation, invasion and cyclin D1 expression through modulation of the NOTCH signaling. ASPH and HIF1α crosstalk, within a hydroxylation-regulated signaling pathway, might be transiently driven by the oxidative stress evidenced inside CRPC cells. In addition, increased phosphorylation of GSK3β by ASPH silencing demonstrates that ASPH regulates GSK3β activity inhibiting its interactions with upstream kinases. These findings demonstrate the critical involvement of ASPH in CRPC development and may represent an attractive molecular target for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Barboro
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Benelli
- Department of Scientific Direction, Molecular Oncology & Angiogenesis, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Tosetti
- Department of Scientific Direction, Molecular Oncology & Angiogenesis, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Delfina Costa
- Department of Scientific Direction, Molecular Oncology & Angiogenesis, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo Capaia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Simonetta Astigiano
- Department of Scientific Direction, Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta Venè
- Department of Scientific Direction, Molecular Oncology & Angiogenesis, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poggi
- Department of Scientific Direction, Molecular Oncology & Angiogenesis, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Ferrari
- Department of Scientific Direction, Molecular Oncology & Angiogenesis, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bakhtiari H, Palizban AA, Khanahmad H, Mofid MR. Novel Approach to Overcome Defects of Cell-SELEX in Developing Aptamers against Aspartate β-Hydroxylase. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:11005-11014. [PMID: 34056254 PMCID: PMC8153902 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based aptamer selection (Cell-SELEX) against predefined protein targets that benefits using the native form of the targets is the most promising approach to achieve aptamer probes capable of recognizing targets under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The major disadvantages in Cell-SELEX are the imperfectness of the negative selection step and the lengthy procedure of selection. Here, we introduced the Counter-SELEX as part of our modified Cell-SELEX and implemented deep sequencing to overcome these shortcomings in developing aptamers against aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) as a known tumor marker. In parallel with the conventional Cell-SELEX, five consecutive cycles of counter selection were accomplished using sequences bound to negative cells (the Counter-SELEX) to detect oligos that are not specific for ASPH. After high-throughput sequencing, the representative of each promising achieved family was subjected to further confirmatory analysis via flow cytometry, followed by the fluorescence immunostaining of histopathological sections. Implementing our innovative complementary method, annoying mis-selected sequences in Cell-SELEX enriched pools were effectively identified and removed. According to the affinity assay on the cells displaying ASPH, three aptamers, AP-Cell 1, AP-Cell 2, and AP-Cell 3, with K d values of 47.51, 39.38, and 65.23 nM, respectively, were obtained, while AP-Cell 1 and 3 could then successfully spot ASPH displayed on the tissues. Our study showed that the Counter-SELEX could be considered as a complementary method for Cell-SELEX to overcome the imperfectness of the negative selection step. Moreover, high-throughput nucleotide sequencing could help to shorten the overall process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Bakhtiari
- Department
of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, I. R. Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Palizban
- Department
of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, I. R. Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department
of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, I. R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mofid
- Department
of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, I. R. Iran
- . Tel: +983137927047. Fax: +983136680011
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang S, Su W, Zhong C, Yang T, Chen W, Chen G, Liu Z, Wu K, Zhong W, Li B, Mao X, Lu J. An Eight-CircRNA Assessment Model for Predicting Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:599494. [PMID: 33363156 PMCID: PMC7758402 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.599494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a high morbidity malignancy in males, and biochemical recurrence (BCR) may appear after the surgery. Our study is designed to build up a risk score model using circular RNA sequencing data for PCa. The dataset is from the GEO database, using a cohort of 144 patients in Canada. We removed the low abundance circRNAs (FPKM < 1) and obtained 546 circRNAs for the next step. BCR-related circRNAs were selected by Logistic regression using the “survival” and “survminer” R package. Least absolute shrinkage and selector operation (LASSO) regression with 10-fold cross-validation and penalty was used to construct a risk score model by “glmnet” R software package. In total, eight circRNAs (including circ_30029, circ_117300, circ_176436, circ_112897, circ_112897, circ_178252, circ_115617, circ_14736, and circ_17720) were involved in our risk score model. Further, we employed differentially expressed mRNAs between high and low risk score groups. The following Gene Ontology (GO) analysis were visualized by Omicshare Online tools. As per the GO analysis results, tumor immune microenvironment related pathways are significantly enriched. “CIBERSORT” and “ESTIMATE” R package were used to detect tumor-infiltrating immune cells and compare the level of microenvironment scores between high and low risk score groups. What’s more, we verified two of eight circRNA’s (circ_14736 and circ_17720) circular characteristics and tested their biological function with qPCR and CCK8 in vitro. circ_14736 and circ_17720 were detected in exosomes of PCa patients’ plasma. This is the first bioinformatics study to establish a prognosis model for prostate cancer using circRNA. These circRNAs were associated with CD8+ T cell activities and may serve as a circRNA-based liquid biopsy panel for disease prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanfan Zhong
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taowei Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zezhen Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaihui Wu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibo Zhong
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingkun Li
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangming Mao
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Lu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zheng W, Wang X, Hu J, Bai B, Zhu H. Diverse molecular functions of aspartate β‑hydroxylase in cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2020; 44:2364-2372. [PMID: 33125119 PMCID: PMC7610305 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspartate/asparagine β-hydroxylase (AspH) is a type II transmembrane protein that catalyzes the post-translational hydroxylation of definite aspartyl and asparaginyl residues in epidermal growth factor-like domains of substrates. In the last few decades, accumulating evidence has indicated that AspH expression is upregulated in numerous types of human malignant cancer and is associated with poor survival and prognosis. The AspH protein aggregates on the surface of tumor cells, which contributes to inducing tumor cell migration, infiltration and metastasis. However, small-molecule inhibitors targeting hydroxylase activity can markedly block these processes, both in vitro and in vivo. Immunization of tumor-bearing mice with a phage vaccine fused with the AspH protein can substantially delay tumor growth and progression. Additionally, AspH antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were identified in the spleen of tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, these agents may be used as novel strategies for cancer treatment. The present review summarizes the current progress on the underlying mechanisms of AspH expression in cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Jinhui Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Bingjun Bai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kanwal M, Smahel M, Olsen M, Smahelova J, Tachezy R. Aspartate β-hydroxylase as a target for cancer therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:163. [PMID: 32811566 PMCID: PMC7433162 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01669-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As metastasis is a major cause of death in cancer patients, new anti-metastatic strategies are needed to improve cancer therapy outcomes. Numerous pathways have been shown to contribute to migration and invasion of malignant tumors. Aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) is a key player in the malignant transformation of solid tumors by enhancing cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. ASPH also promotes tumor growth by stimulation of angiogenesis and immunosuppression. These effects are mainly achieved via the activation of Notch and SRC signaling pathways. ASPH expression is upregulated by growth factors and hypoxia in different human tumors and its inactivation may have broad clinical impact. Therefore, small molecule inhibitors of ASPH enzymatic activity have been developed and their anti-metastatic effect confirmed in preclinical mouse models. ASPH can also be targeted by monoclonal antibodies and has also been used as a tumor-associated antigen to induce both cluster of differentiation (CD) 8+ and CD4+ T cells in mice. The PAN-301-1 vaccine against ASPH has already been tested in a phase 1 clinical trial in patients with prostate cancer. In summary, ASPH is a promising target for anti-tumor and anti-metastatic therapy based on inactivation of catalytic activity and/or immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Kanwal
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Smahel
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Mark Olsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy - Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
- Crenae Therapeutics, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jana Smahelova
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ruth Tachezy
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ogawa K, Lin Q, Li L, Bai X, Chen X, Chen H, Kong R, Wang Y, Zhu H, He F, Xu Q, Liu L, Li M, Zhang S, Nagaoka K, Carlson R, Safran H, Charpentier K, Sun B, Wands J, Dong X. Prometastatic secretome trafficking via exosomes initiates pancreatic cancer pulmonary metastasis. Cancer Lett 2020; 481:63-75. [PMID: 32145343 PMCID: PMC7309190 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To demonstrate multifaceted contribution of aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) pathogenesis, in vitro metastasis assay and patient derived xenograft (PDX) murine models were established. ASPH propagates aggressive phenotypes characterized by enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), 2-D/3-D invasion, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation/remodeling, angiogenesis, stemness, transendothelial migration and metastatic colonization/outgrowth at distant sites. Mechanistically, ASPH activates Notch cascade through direct physical interactions with Notch1/JAGs and ADAMs. The ASPH-Notch axis enables prometastatic secretome trafficking via exosomes, subsequently initiates MMPs mediated ECM degradation/remodeling as an effector for invasiveness. Consequently, ASPH fosters primary tumor development and pulmonary metastasis in PDX models, which was blocked by a newly developed small molecule inhibitor (SMI) specifically against ASPH's β-hydroxylase activity. Clinically, ASPH is silenced in normal pancreas, progressively upregulated from pre-malignant lesions to invasive/advanced stage PDAC. Relatively high levels of ASPH-Notch network components independently/jointly predict curtailed overall survival (OS) in PDAC patients (log-rank test, Ps < 0.001; Cox proportional hazards regression, P < 0.001). Therefore, ASPH-Notch axis is essential for propagating multiple-steps of metastasis and predicts prognosis of PDAC patients. A specific SMI targeting ASPH offers a novel therapeutic approach to substantially retard PDAC development/progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ogawa
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Qiushi Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Le Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Xuewei Bai
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA; Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Xuesong Chen
- Department of Internal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Rui Kong
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Yongwei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Fuliang He
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Department of Interventional Therapy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, The 9th Affiliated Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qinggang Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, The University of Sciences and Technology of China, No. 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei City 230001, An Hui Province, PR China
| | - Min Li
- Immunobiology & Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Songhua Zhang
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Katsuya Nagaoka
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Rolf Carlson
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Howard Safran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital/The Miriam Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kevin Charpentier
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
| | - Jack Wands
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Xiaoqun Dong
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Brewitz L, Tumber A, Pfeffer I, McDonough MA, Schofield CJ. Aspartate/asparagine-β-hydroxylase: a high-throughput mass spectrometric assay for discovery of small molecule inhibitors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8650. [PMID: 32457455 PMCID: PMC7251097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human 2-oxoglutarate dependent oxygenase aspartate/asparagine-β-hydroxylase (AspH) catalyses the hydroxylation of Asp/Asn-residues in epidermal growth factor-like domains (EGFDs). AspH is upregulated on the surface of malign cancer cells; increased AspH levels correlate with tumour invasiveness. Due to a lack of efficient assays to monitor the activity of isolated AspH, there are few reports of studies aimed at identifying small-molecule AspH inhibitors. Recently, it was reported that AspH substrates have a non-canonical EGFD disulfide pattern. Here we report that a stable synthetic thioether mimic of AspH substrates can be employed in solid phase extraction mass spectrometry based high-throughput AspH inhibition assays which are of excellent robustness, as indicated by high Z'-factors and good signal-to-noise/background ratios. The AspH inhibition assay was applied to screen approximately 1500 bioactive small-molecules, including natural products and active pharmaceutical ingredients of approved human therapeutics. Potent AspH inhibitors were identified from both compound classes. Our AspH inhibition assay should enable the development of potent and selective small-molecule AspH inhibitors and contribute towards the development of safer inhibitors for other 2OG oxygenases, e.g. screens of the hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors revealed that vadadustat inhibits AspH with moderate potency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Brewitz
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Tumber
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Inga Pfeffer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A McDonough
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ogawa K, Lin Q, Li L, Bai X, Chen X, Chen H, Kong R, Wang Y, Zhu H, He F, Xu Q, Liu L, Li M, Zhang S, Nagaoka K, Carlson R, Safran H, Charpentier K, Sun B, Wands J, Dong X. Aspartate β-hydroxylase promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma metastasis through activation of SRC signaling pathway. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:144. [PMID: 31888763 PMCID: PMC6937817 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0837-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signaling pathways critical for embryonic development re-emerge in adult pancreas during tumorigenesis. Aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) drives embryonic cell motility/invasion in pancreatic development/differentiation. We explored if dysregulated ASPH is critically involved in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis. METHODS To demonstrate if/how ASPH mediates malignant phenotypes, proliferation, migration, 2-D/3-D invasion, pancreatosphere formation, immunofluorescence, Western blot, co-immunoprecipitation, invadopodia formation/maturation/function, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and self-developed in vitro metastasis assays were performed. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) were established to illustrate in vivo antitumor effects of the third-generation small molecule inhibitor specifically against ASPH's β-hydroxylase activity. Prognostic values of ASPH network components were evaluated with Kaplan-Meier plots, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS ASPH renders pancreatic cancer cells more aggressive phenotypes characterized by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), 2-D/3-D invasion, invadopodia formation/function as demonstrated by extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, stemness (cancer stem cell marker upregulation and pancreatosphere formation), transendothelial migration (mimicking intravasation/extravasation), and sphere formation (mimicking metastatic colonization/outgrowth at distant sites). Mechanistically, ASPH activates SRC cascade through direct physical interaction with ADAM12/ADAM15 independent of FAK. The ASPH-SRC axis enables invadopodia construction and initiates MMP-mediated ECM degradation/remodeling as executors for invasiveness. Pharmacologic inhibition of invadopodia attenuates in vitro metastasis. ASPH fosters primary tumor development and pulmonary metastasis in PDX models of PDAC, which is blocked by a leading compound specifically against ASPH enzymatic activity. ASPH is silenced in normal pancreas, progressively upregulated from pre-malignant lesions to invasive/advanced stages of PDAC. Expression profiling of ASPH-SRC network components independently/jointly predicts clinical outcome of PDAC patients. Compared to a negative-low level, a moderate-very high level of ASPH, ADAM12, activated SRC, and MMPs correlated with curtailed overall survival (OS) of pancreatic cancer patients (log-rank test, ps < 0.001). The more unfavorable molecules patients carry, the more deleterious prognosis is destinated. Patients with 0-2 (n = 4), 3-5 (n = 8), 6-8 (n = 24), and 9-12 (n = 73) unfavorable expression scores of the 5 molecules had median survival time of 55.4, 15.9, 9.7, and 5.0 months, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Targeting the ASPH-SRC axis, which is essential for propagating multi-step PDAC metastasis, may specifically/substantially retard development/progression and thus improve prognosis of PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ogawa
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 55 Claverick Street, 4th Fl., Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Qiushi Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731014, USA
| | - Le Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery; Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewei Bai
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 55 Claverick Street, 4th Fl., Providence, RI, 02903, USA.,Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery; Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Chen
- Department of Internal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery; Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Kong
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery; Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongwei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery; Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuliang He
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731014, USA.,Department of Interventional Therapy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, The 9th Affiliated Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinggang Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731014, USA.,Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, The University of Sciences and Technology of China, No. 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei City, 230001, An Hui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Immunobiology & Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Songhua Zhang
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 55 Claverick Street, 4th Fl., Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Katsuya Nagaoka
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 55 Claverick Street, 4th Fl., Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Rolf Carlson
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 55 Claverick Street, 4th Fl., Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Howard Safran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital/The Miriam Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kevin Charpentier
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery; Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jack Wands
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 55 Claverick Street, 4th Fl., Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Xiaoqun Dong
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 55 Claverick Street, 4th Fl., Providence, RI, 02903, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731014, USA. .,Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lin Q, Chen X, Meng F, Ogawa K, Li M, Song R, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Kong X, Xu Q, He F, Bai X, Sun B, Hung MC, Liu L, Wands J, Dong X. ASPH-notch Axis guided Exosomal delivery of Prometastatic Secretome renders breast Cancer multi-organ metastasis. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:156. [PMID: 31694640 PMCID: PMC6836474 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) is silent in normal adult tissues only to re-emerge during oncogenesis where its function is required for generation and maintenance of malignant phenotypes. Exosomes enable prooncogenic secretome delivering and trafficking for long-distance cell-to-cell communication. This study aims to explore molecular mechanisms underlying how ASPH network regulates designated exosomes to program development and progression of breast cancer. METHODS Stable cell lines overexpressing or knocking-out of ASPH were established using lentivirus transfection or CRISPR-CAS9 systems. Western blot, MTT, immunofluorescence, luciferase reporter, co-immunoprecipitation, 2D/3-D invasion, tube formation, mammosphere formation, immunohistochemistry and newly developed in vitro metastasis were applied. RESULTS Through physical interactions with Notch receptors, ligands (JAGs) and regulators (ADAM10/17), ASPH activates Notch cascade to provide raw materials (especially MMPs/ADAMs) for synthesis/release of pro-metastatic exosomes. Exosomes orchestrate EMT, 2-D/3-D invasion, stemness, angiogenesis, and premetastatic niche formation. Small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) of ASPH's β-hydroxylase specifically/efficiently abrogated in vitro metastasis, which mimics basement membrane invasion at primary site, intravasation/extravasation (transendothelial migration), and colonization/outgrowth at distant sites. Multiple organ-metastases in orthotopic and tail vein injection murine models were substantially blocked by a specific SMI. ASPH is silenced in normal adult breast, upregulated from in situ malignancies to highly expressed in invasive/advanced ductal carcinoma. Moderate-high expression of ASPH confers more aggressive molecular subtypes (TNBC or Her2 amplified), early recurrence/progression and devastating outcome (reduced overall/disease-free survival) of breast cancer. Expression profiling of Notch signaling components positively correlates with ASPH expression in breast cancer patients, confirming that ASPH-Notch axis acts functionally in breast tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS ASPH-Notch axis guides particularly selective exosomes to potentiate multifaceted metastasis. ASPH's pro-oncogenic/pro-metastatic properties are essential for breast cancer development/progression, revealing a potential target for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731014, USA
| | - Xuesong Chen
- Department of Internal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanzheng Meng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kosuke Ogawa
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 55 Claverick Street, 4th Fl., Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Min Li
- Immunobiology & Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ruipeng Song
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shugeng Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziran Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xianglu Kong
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qinggang Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731014, USA
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuliang He
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731014, USA
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, The 9th affiliated hospital of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewei Bai
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Graduate School of Biomedical Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, The University of Sciences and Technology of China, No. 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei City, 230001, An Hui Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jack Wands
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 55 Claverick Street, 4th Fl., Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Xiaoqun Dong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731014, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pfeffer I, Brewitz L, Krojer T, Jensen SA, Kochan GT, Kershaw NJ, Hewitson KS, McNeill LA, Kramer H, Münzel M, Hopkinson RJ, Oppermann U, Handford PA, McDonough MA, Schofield CJ. Aspartate/asparagine-β-hydroxylase crystal structures reveal an unexpected epidermal growth factor-like domain substrate disulfide pattern. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4910. [PMID: 31659163 PMCID: PMC6817910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AspH is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-anchored 2-oxoglutarate oxygenase whose C-terminal oxygenase and tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains present in the ER lumen. AspH catalyses hydroxylation of asparaginyl- and aspartyl-residues in epidermal growth factor-like domains (EGFDs). Here we report crystal structures of human AspH, with and without substrate, that reveal substantial conformational changes of the oxygenase and TPR domains during substrate binding. Fe(II)-binding by AspH is unusual, employing only two Fe(II)-binding ligands (His679/His725). Most EGFD structures adopt an established fold with a conserved Cys1–3, 2–4, 5–6 disulfide bonding pattern; an unexpected Cys3–4 disulfide bonding pattern is observed in AspH-EGFD substrate complexes, the catalytic relevance of which is supported by studies involving stable cyclic peptide substrate analogues and by effects of Ca(II) ions on activity. The results have implications for EGFD disulfide pattern processing in the ER and will enable medicinal chemistry efforts targeting human 2OG oxygenases. AspH catalyses hydroxylation of asparagine and aspartate residues in epidermal growth factor-like domains (EGFDs). Here, the authors present crystal structures of AspH with and without substrates and show that AspH uses EFGD substrates with a non-canonical disulfide pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inga Pfeffer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Lennart Brewitz
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Tobias Krojer
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sacha A Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Grazyna T Kochan
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Nadia J Kershaw
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Kirsty S Hewitson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Luke A McNeill
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Holger Kramer
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Martin Münzel
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Richard J Hopkinson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, OX3 7DQ, UK.,NDORMS, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Penny A Handford
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Michael A McDonough
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nagaoka K, Bai X, Ogawa K, Dong X, Zhang S, Zhou Y, Carlson RI, Jiang ZG, Fuller S, Lebowitz MS, Ghanbari H, Wands JR. Anti-tumor activity of antibody drug conjugate targeting aspartate-β-hydroxylase in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2019; 449:87-98. [PMID: 30768955 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive malignancy with very limited treatment options. Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are promising cytotoxic agents capable of highly selective delivery. Aspartate-β-hydroxylase (ASPH) is a type II transmembrane protein highly expressed in PDACs (97.1%) but not normal pancreas. We investigated anti-tumor effects of an ADC guided by a human monoclonal antibody (SNS-622) against ASPH in human PDAC cell lines and derived subcutaneous (s.c.) xenograft as well as a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) murine model with spontaneous pulmonary metastasis. The cytotoxic effects exhibited by several candidate payloads linked to SNS-622 antibody targeting ASPH+ PDACs were analyzed. After i.v. administration of SNS-622-emtansine (DM1) ADC, the primary PDAC tumor growth and progression (number and size of pulmonary metastases) were determined. The PDAC cell lines, s.c. and PDX tumors treated with ADC were tested for cell proliferation, cytotoxicity and apoptosis by MTS and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. SNS-622-DM1 construct has demonstrated optimal anti-tumor effects in vitro. In the PDX model of human PDAC, SNS-622-DM1 ADC exerted substantially inhibitory effects on tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis through attenuating proliferation and promoting apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Nagaoka
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Xuewei Bai
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Kosuke Ogawa
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Xiaoqun Dong
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Songhua Zhang
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yanmei Zhou
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Rolf I Carlson
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jack R Wands
- Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zou Q, Hou Y, Wang H, Wang K, Xing X, Xia Y, Wan X, Li J, Jiao B, Liu J, Huang A, Wu D, Xiang H, Pawlik TM, Wang H, Lau WY, Wang Y, Shen F. Hydroxylase Activity of ASPH Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Through Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Pathway. EBioMedicine 2018; 31:287-298. [PMID: 29764768 PMCID: PMC6013968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Over-expression of aspartyl (asparagynal)-β-hydroxylase (ASPH) contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invasiveness, but the role of ASPH hydroxylase activity in this process remains to be defined. As such, the current study investigated the role of ASPH hydroxylase activity in downstream signalling of HCC tumorgenesis and, specifically, metastasis development. Over-expression of wild-type ASPH, but not a hydroxylase mutant, promoted HCC cell migration in vitro, as well as intrahepatic and distant metastases in vivo. The enhanced migration and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) activation was notably absent in response to hydroxylase activity blockade. Vimentin, a regulator of EMT, interacted with ASPH and likely mediated the effect of ASPH hydroxylase activity with cell migration. The enhanced hydroxylase activity in tumor tissues predicted worse prognoses of HCC patients. Collectively, the hydroxylase activity of ASPH affected HCC metastasis through interacting with vimentin and regulating EMT. As such, ASPH might be a promising therapeutic target of HCC. Over-expression of ASPH promoted HCC intrahepatic and distant metastases in vivo. ASPH interacts with vimentin to promote HCC cell migration. Enhanced hydroxylase activity in tumor predicted worse prognoses of HCC patients.
Hepatocellular carcinoma has aggressive invasiveness and high metastatic rate. The reason for metastasis is largely unknown and the effective treatment is still lacking. Although over-expression of ASPH has been demonstrated to enhance hepatocellular carcinoma invasiveness, whether its hydroxylase activity is necessary remains uncharacterized. Here, we found the hydroxylase activity was critical to promote hepatocellular carcinoma invasiveness in vitro and metastasis in vivo, and associated with post-surgery survival. ASPH hydroxylase activity play an important role in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through interacting with vimentin. Our findings imply that ASPH antagonists might be promising in developing novel therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Zou
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Hou
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Neural Signal Transduction, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianglei Xing
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuying Wan
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binghua Jiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Mengchao Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Aimin Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Mengchao Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjun Xiang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hongyang Wang
- National Scientific Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan Yee Lau
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yizheng Wang
- Laboratory of Neural Signal Transduction, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China.
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Construction and Characterization of Adenovirus Vectors Encoding Aspartate- β-Hydroxylase to Preliminary Application in Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:9832467. [PMID: 30116759 PMCID: PMC6079451 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9832467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) harboring tumor-associated antigen are supposed to be a potential immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aspartate-β-hydroxylase (AAH), an overexpressed tumor-associated cell surface protein, is considered as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC. In this study, we constructed adenovirus vector encoding AAH gene by gateway recombinant cloning technology and preliminarily explored the antitumor effects of DC vaccines harboring AAH. Firstly, the total AAH mRNA was extracted from human HCC tissues; the cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR, verified, and sequenced after TA cloning. Gateway technology was used and the obtained 18T-AAH was used as a substrate, to yield the final expression vector Ad-AAH-IRES2-EGFP. Secondly, bone marrow-derived DCs were infected by Ad-AAH-IRES2-EGFP to yield AAH-DC vaccines. Matured DCs were demonstrated by increased expression of CD11c, CD80, and MHC-II costimulatory molecules. A dramatically cell-killing effect of T lymphocytes coculturing with AAH-DCs on HepG2 HCC cell line was demonstrated by CCK-8 and FCM assays in vitro. More importantly, in an animal experiment, the lysis effect of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) on HepG2 cells in the AAH-DC group was stronger than that in the control groups. In conclusion, the gateway recombinant cloning technology is a powerful method of constructing adenovirus vector, and the product Ad-AAH-IRES2-EGFP may present as a potential candidate for DC-based immunotherapy of HCC.
Collapse
|
24
|
Tong M, Gonzalez-Navarrete H, Kirchberg T, Gotama B, Yalcin EB, Kay J, de la Monte SM. Ethanol-Induced White Matter Atrophy Is Associated with Impaired Expression of Aspartyl-Asparaginyl- β-Hydroxylase (ASPH) and Notch Signaling in an Experimental Rat Model. JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2017; 6:236033. [PMID: 29204305 PMCID: PMC5711436 DOI: 10.4303/jdar/236033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-induced white matter (WM) degeneration is linked to cognitive-motor deficits and impairs insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and Notch networks regulating oligodendrocyte function. Ethanol downregulates Aspartyl-Asparaginyl-β-Hydroxylase (ASPH) which drives Notch. These experiments determined if alcohol-related WM degeneration was linked to inhibition of ASPH and Notch. Adult Long Evans rats were fed for 3, 6 or 8 weeks with liquid diets containing 26% ethanol (caloric) and in the last two weeks prior to each endpoint they were binged with 2 g/kg ethanol, 3×/week. Controls were studied in parallel. Histological sections of the frontal lobe and cerebellar vermis were used for image analysis. Frontal WM proteins were used for Western blotting and duplex ELISAs. The ethanol exposures caused progressive reductions in frontal and cerebellar WM. Ethanol-mediated frontal WM atrophy was associated with reduced expression of ASPH, Jagged 1, HES-1, and HIF-1α. These findings link ethanol-induced WM atrophy to inhibition of ASPH expression and signaling through Notch networks, including HIF-1α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tong
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | | | | | - Billy Gotama
- Molecular Pharmacology and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Emine B. Yalcin
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Jared Kay
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tang C, Hou Y, Wang H, Wang K, Xiang H, Wan X, Xia Y, Li J, Wei W, Xu S, Lei Z, Pawlik TM, Wang H, Wu M, Shen F. Aspartate β-hydroxylase disrupts mitochondrial DNA stability and function in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e362. [PMID: 28714949 PMCID: PMC5541716 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of aberrant mitochondrial genome and function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown. Our previous study demonstrated an increased expression of aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) in HCC tissues, which was associated with tumor invasiveness and a worse prognosis. Currently, we unexpectedly observed the presence of ASPH in purified mitochondrial protein fraction. In addition, immunostaining of both exogenously and endogenously expressed ASPH showed a colocalization with mitochondrial biomarkers. This study aimed to investigate whether the mitochondrial ASPH is involved in mitochondrial malfunction in HCC. Our results showed that ASPH overexpression in HCC tissues was correlated with decreased copy numbers of displacement loop (D-loop) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND-1) and enhanced D-loop mutation, suggesting the disrupted mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) stability. The reduced mtDNA copy numbers were associated with aggressive clinicopathological features of HCC. The loss of mtDNA integrity induced by enforced expression of ASPH was accompanied with mitochondrial dysfunction, which was characterized by the aberrant mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased ATP generation and enhanced reactive oxygen species. In contrast, knocking down ASPH by siRNA in HCC cell lines showed the opposite impact on mtDNA integrity and function. Mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation further identified that ASPH interacted with histone H2A member X (H2AX). ASPH overexpression diminished the interaction between H2AX and mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA), an important DNA-binding protein for mtDNA replication, which then reduced the binding of mtTFA to D-loop region. Collectively, our results demonstrate that ASPH overexpression disrupts the mtDNA integrity through H2AX-mtTFA signal, thereby affecting mitochondrial functions in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Tang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Hou
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - K Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Xiang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Wan
- Department of Clinical Database, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Xia
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Wei
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Xu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Lei
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - T M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - H Wang
- National Scientific Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Wu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - F Shen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gao J, Long B, Wang Z. Role of Notch signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:173-186. [PMID: 28337369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 09/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the highly aggressive malignancies in the United States. It has been shown that multiple signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of PC, such as JNK, PI3K/AKT, Rho GTPase, Hedgehog (Hh) and Skp2. In recent years, accumulated evidence has demonstrated that Notch signaling pathway plays critical roles in the development and progression of PC. Therefore, in this review we discuss the recent literature regarding the function and regulation of Notch in the pathogenesis of PC. Moreover, we describe that Notch signaling pathway could be down-regulated by its inhibitors or natural compounds, which could be a novel approach for the treatment of PC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Gao
- Sichuan College of Tranditional Chinese Medicine Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Long
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mianyang 404 Hospital Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123, China; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolMA 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sturla LM, Tong M, Hebda N, Gao J, Thomas JM, Olsen M, de la Monte SM. Aspartate-β-hydroxylase (ASPH): A potential therapeutic target in human malignant gliomas. Heliyon 2016; 2:e00203. [PMID: 27981247 PMCID: PMC5144823 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite therapeutic advances, survival with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains below 15 months from diagnosis due to GBM's highly infiltrative nature which precludes complete surgical resection. Patient outcomes could potentially be improved by targeting genes and pathways that drive neoplastic cell motility and invasiveness, including hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α), NOTCH, and aspartate-β-hydroxylase (ASPH). METHODS Human astrocytoma biopsy specimens (n = 37), WHO Grades II-IV, were analyzed for levels and distributions of ASPH and HIF-1α immunoreactivity by immunohistochemical staining, and ASPH, Notch, JAG, HES1, HEY1 and HIF1α mRNA expression by quantigene multiplex analysis. The effects of small molecule inhibitors on ASPH's catalytic activity, cell viability and directional motility were examined in vitro in established GBM cell lines and primary tumor cells from an invasive mouse model of GBM. RESULTS The highest grade astrocytoma, i.e. GBM was associated with the highest levels of ASPH and HIF1α, and both proteins were more abundantly distributed in hypoxic compared with normoxic regions of tumor. Furthermore, mining of the TCGA database revealed higher levels of ASPH expression in the mesenchymal subtype of GBM, which is associated with more aggressive and invasive behavior. In contrast, lower grade astrocytomas had low expression levels of ASPH and HIF1α. In vitro experiments demonstrated that small molecule inhibitors targeting ASPH's catalytic activity significantly reduced GBM viability and directional motility. Similar effects occurred in GBM cells that were transduced with a lentiviral sh-ASPH construct. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that increased ASPH expression could serve as a prognostic biomarker of gliomas and may assist in assigning tumor grade when biopsy specimens are scant. In addition, the findings suggest that GBM treatment strategies could be made more effective by including small molecule inhibitors of ASPH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Sturla
- Liver Research Center, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Pathology, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Neurology, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Medicine, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ming Tong
- Liver Research Center, Providence, RI, United States; Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Nick Hebda
- Department of Neurology, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jinsong Gao
- Department of Medicine, Providence, RI, United States; Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - John-Michael Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy-Glendale, Midwestern University, United States
| | - Mark Olsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy-Glendale, Midwestern University, United States
| | - Suzanne M de la Monte
- Liver Research Center, Providence, RI, United States; Division of Gastroenterology, Providence, RI, United States; Division of Neuropathology, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Pathology, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Neurology, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Medicine, Providence, RI, United States; Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Iwagami Y, Huang CK, Olsen MJ, Thomas JM, Jang G, Kim M, Lin Q, Carlson RI, Wagner CE, Dong X, Wands JR. Aspartate β-hydroxylase modulates cellular senescence through glycogen synthase kinase 3β in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2016; 63:1213-26. [PMID: 26683595 PMCID: PMC4805474 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) is an enzyme overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors that participates in the malignant transformation process. We determined if ASPH was a therapeutic target by exerting effects on cellular senescence to retard HCC progression. ASPH knockdown or knockout was achieved by short hairpin RNAs or the CRISPR/Cas9 system, respectively, whereas enzymatic inhibition was rendered by a potent second-generation small molecule inhibitor of ASPH. Alterations of cell proliferation, colony formation, and cellular senescence were evaluated in human HCC cell lines. The potential mechanisms for activating cellular senescence were explored using murine subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft models. Inhibition of ASPH expression and enzymatic activity significantly reduced cell proliferation and colony formation but induced tumor cell senescence. Following inhibition of ASPH activity, phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β and p16 expression were increased to promote senescence, whereas cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were decreased to reduce cell proliferation. The mechanisms involved demonstrate that ASPH binds to glycogen synthase kinase 3β and inhibits its subsequent interactions with protein kinase B and p38 upstream kinases as shown by coimmunoprecipitation. In vivo experiments demonstrated that small molecule inhibitor treatment of HCC bearing mice resulted in significant dose-dependent reduced tumor growth, induced phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β, enhanced p16 expression in tumor cells, and promoted cellular senescence. CONCLUSIONS We have identified a new mechanism that promotes HCC growth and progression by modulating senescence of tumor cells; these findings suggest that ASPH enzymatic activity is a novel therapeutic target for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Iwagami
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Chiung-Kuei Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Mark J. Olsen
- Department of Medical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona 85308
| | - John-Michael Thomas
- Department of Medical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona 85308
| | - Grace Jang
- Department of Medical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona 85308
| | - Miran Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Qiushi Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Rolf I. Carlson
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903
| | | | - Xiaoqun Dong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Jack R. Wands
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903,Correspondence to: Jack R. Wands, M.D., Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 55 Claverick Street, 4 Fl., Providence, RI 02903. ; Tel: 401-444-2795; Fax: 401-444-2939
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Huang CK, Iwagami Y, Aihara A, Chung W, de la Monte S, Thomas JM, Olsen M, Carlson R, Yu T, Dong X, Wands J. Anti-Tumor Effects of Second Generation β-Hydroxylase Inhibitors on Cholangiocarcinoma Development and Progression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150336. [PMID: 26954680 PMCID: PMC4783022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has a poor prognosis due to widespread intrahepatic spread. Aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) is a transmembrane protein and catalyzes the hydroxylation of aspartyl and asparaginyl residues in calcium binding epidermal growth factor (cbEGF)-like domains of various proteins, including Notch receptors and ligands. ASPH is highly overexpressed (>95%) in human CCA tumors. We explored the molecular mechanisms by which ASPH mediated the CCA malignant phenotype and evaluated the potential of ASPH as a therapeutic target for CCA. The importance of expression and enzymatic activity of ASPH for CCA growth and progression was examined using shRNA "knockdown" and a mutant construct that reduced its catalytic activity. Second generation small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) of β-hydroxylase activity were developed and used to target ASPH in vitro and in vivo. Subcutaneous and intrahepatic xenograft rodent models were employed to determine anti-tumor effects on CCA growth and development. It was found that the enzymatic activity of ASPH was critical for mediating CCA progression, as well as inhibiting apoptosis. Mechanistically, ASPH overexpression promoted Notch activation and modulated CCA progression through a Notch1-dependent cyclin D1 pathway. Targeting ASPH with shRNAs or a SMI significantly suppressed CCA growth in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Kuei Huang
- Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Yoshifumi Iwagami
- Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Arihiro Aihara
- Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Waihong Chung
- Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Suzanne de la Monte
- Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - John-Michael Thomas
- Department of Medical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mark Olsen
- Department of Medical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Rolf Carlson
- Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Tunan Yu
- Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Xiaoqun Dong
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Pharmacy Building, 7 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Jack Wands
- Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
HUYAN T, TANG R, LI J, LI Q, XUE X, YANG H. Optimized Expression and Purification of Humbug in Pichia pastoris and Its Monoclonal Antibody Preparation. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 44:1632-42. [PMID: 26811814 PMCID: PMC4724736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The humbug gene is a truncated isoform of Aspartyl β-hydroxylase (ASPH) gene that is overexpressed in many human malignancies. In recent years, since humbug has received increasing attention, it is considered as a potential therapeutic molecular target. Therefore, it is necessary for preparing humbug protein and its monoclonal antibody to investigate its structure and function. METHOD The optimized humbug gene, synthesized by Genscript in Nanjing, China on December 21st 2013, was expressed in Pichia pastoris cells that were cultured in a 10-L bioreactor. The recombinant protein was further obtained and purified by using ion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G75. The humbug protein was used to immunize Balb/c mice to generate the monoclonal antibodies. The specificity and sensitivity of the monoclonal antibodies were assessed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Finally, the humbug monoclonal antibodies were used to detect the expression of humbug in several tumor cell lines via indirect immunofluorescence. RESULTS Firstly, the recombinant humbug was expressed in P. pastoris successfully and efficiently by using a gene-optimized strategy. Secondly, the purification process of humbug was established via multiple chromatography methods. In addition, four monoclonal antibodies against humbug were obtained from the immunized Balb/c mice, and the result of indirect immunofluorescence was indicated that the humbug monoclonal antibody showed the high affinity with humbug protein, which expressed in several tumor cell lines. CONCLUSION The over-expression of recombinant humbug provides adequate sources for its structural study and the preparation of the humbug-specific monoclonal antibody can potentially be used in tumor initial diagnosis and immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
31
|
X-ray Scatter Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Mouse Model Using Nanoparticle Contrast Agents. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15673. [PMID: 26511147 PMCID: PMC4625152 DOI: 10.1038/srep15673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide and is almost uniformly fatal. Current methods of detection include ultrasound examination and imaging by CT scan or MRI; however, these techniques are problematic in terms of sensitivity and specificity, and the detection of early tumors (<1 cm diameter) has proven elusive. Better, more specific, and more sensitive detection methods are therefore urgently needed. Here we discuss the application of a newly developed x-ray imaging technique called Spatial Frequency Heterodyne Imaging (SFHI) for the early detection of HCC. SFHI uses x-rays scattered by an object to form an image and is more sensitive than conventional absorption-based x-radiography. We show that tissues labeled in vivo with gold nanoparticle contrast agents can be detected using SFHI. We also demonstrate that directed targeting and SFHI of HCC tumors in a mouse model is possible through the use of HCC-specific antibodies. The enhanced sensitivity of SFHI relative to currently available techniques enables the x-ray imaging of tumors that are just a few millimeters in diameter and substantially reduces the amount of nanoparticle contrast agent required for intravenous injection relative to absorption-based x-ray imaging.
Collapse
|
32
|
XUE TIAN, SU JING, LI HONGMIN, XUE XIAOPING. Evaluation of HAAH/humbug quantitative detection in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:329-37. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
33
|
Noda T, Shimoda M, Ortiz V, Sirica AE, Wands JR. Immunization with aspartate-β-hydroxylase-loaded dendritic cells produces antitumor effects in a rat model of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology 2012; 55:86-97. [PMID: 21898484 PMCID: PMC3242918 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dendritic cells (DCs) capture and process proteins and present peptides on the cell surface in the context of major histocompatibility complex I and II molecules to induce antigen-specific T cell immune responses. The aims of this study were to (1) employ an expanded and purified DC population and load them with aspartate-β-hydroxylase (ASPH), a highly expressed tumor-associated cell surface protein, and (2) to determine if immunization induced antitumor effects in an orthotopic rat model of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Splenocytes were incubated with ASPH-coated beads and passed through a magnetic field to yield an 80% pure DC OX62+ population. This DC subset was stimulated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-4, CD40L, and interferon-γ, resulting in a 40-fold increase in interleukin-12A messenger RNA expression to subsequently generate a T helper 1-type immune response. After incubation with the cytokine cocktail, DCs were found to have matured, as demonstrated by increased expression of CD40, CD80, and CD86 costimulatory molecules. Immunization with ASPH-loaded DCs induced antigen-specific immunity. A clone of the parental tumorigenic rat BDEneu cholangiocyte cell line, designated BDEneu-CL24, was found to have the highest number of cells expressing this surface protein (97%); it maintained the same phenotypic characteristics of the parental cell line and was used to produce intrahepatic tumors in immunocompetent syngeneic Fisher-344 rats. Immunization with ASPH-loaded DCs generated cytotoxicity against cholangiocarcinoma cells in vitro and significantly suppressed intrahepatic tumor growth and metastasis, and was associated with increased CD3+ lymphocyte infiltration into the tumors. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that immunization with ASPH-loaded DCs may constitute a novel therapeutic approach for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, because this protein also appears to be highly conserved and expressed on human hepatobiliary tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Noda
- The Liver Research Center, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Masafumi Shimoda
- The Liver Research Center, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Vivian Ortiz
- The Liver Research Center, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Alphonse E. Sirica
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathogenesis, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Jack R. Wands
- The Liver Research Center, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rand D, Ortiz V, Liu Y, Derdak Z, Wands JR, Tatíček M, Rose-Petruck C. Nanomaterials for X-ray imaging: gold nanoparticle enhancement of X-ray scatter imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:2678-83. [PMID: 21644516 PMCID: PMC3138192 DOI: 10.1021/nl200858y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present the development of a new imaging technique for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma that utilizes surface-modified gold nanoparticles in combination with X-ray imaging. Tissues labeled with these electron-dense particles show enhanced X-ray scattering over normal tissues, distinguishing cells containing gold nanoparticles from cells without gold in X-ray scatter images. Our results suggest that this novel approach could enable the in vivo detection of tumors as small as a few millimeters in size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Rand
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang K, Liu J, Yan ZL, Li J, Shi LH, Cong WM, Xia Y, Zou QF, Xi T, Shen F, Wang HY, Wu MC. Overexpression of aspartyl-(asparaginyl)-beta-hydroxylase in hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with worse surgical outcome. Hepatology 2010; 52:164-73. [PMID: 20578260 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The association between the overexpression of aspartyl-(asparaginyl)-beta-hydroxylase (AAH) and the invasiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro has been reported. However, the prognostic value of AAH expression in HCC remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between AAH expression, tumor recurrence, and patient survival. We identified AAH as the most overexpressed gene in HCC by way of complementary DNA microarray hybridization. A prospective study of 233 patients undergoing curative resection indicated that AAH expression was an independent factor affecting recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 3.161, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.115-4.724, P < 0.001) and survival (HR 2.712, 95% CI 1.734-4.241, P < 0.001). Patients with AAH overexpression had a poorer prognosis than those with AAH underexpression (P < 0.001 for both recurrence and survival). In Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage A patients with AAH overexpression or underexpression, the tumor recurrence and survival rates were also statistically different (45% and 85% versus16% and 33% in 1- and 3-year cumulative recurrence rates, respectively; 73% and 37% versus 90% and 80% in 1- and 3-year survival rates, respectively; P < 0.001 for both). Furthermore, in stage A patients with tumors measuring < or =5 cm in diameter, the time to recurrence was 26.7 +/- 1.6 versus 51.9 +/- 2.8 months, and the 1- and 3- year survival rates were 97% and 52% versus 100% and 90% in AAH overexpression and underexpression patients, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). CONCLUSION AAH overexpression in HCC is strongly correlated with worse surgical outcome, and this molecule likely provides a more precise prognostic predictor in early stage HCCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|