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Ma Y, Si YX, Guo JM, Yang TT, Li Y, Zhang J, Dong SL, Yan Q. Functional Characterization of Odorant Receptors for Sex Pheromone (Z)-11-Hexadecenol in Orthaga achatina. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:18864-18871. [PMID: 39153187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Pheromone receptor (PR)-mediated transduction of sex pheromones to electrophysiological signals is the basis for sex pheromone communication. Orthaga achatina, a serious pest of the camphor tree, uses a mixture of four components (Z11-16:OAc, Z11-16:OH, Z11-16:Ald, and Z3,Z6,Z9,Z12,Z15-23:H) as its sex pheromone. In this study, we identified five PR genes (OachPR1-5) by phylogenetic analysis. Further RT-PCR and qPCR experiments showed that PR1-3 were specifically expressed in male antennae, while PR4 was significantly female-biased in expression. Functional characterization using the XOE-TEVC assay demonstrated that PR1 and PR3 both responded strongly to Z11-16:OH, while PR1 and PR3 had a weak response to Z3,Z6,Z9,Z12,Z15-23:H and Z11-16:Ald, respectively. Finally, two key amino acid residues (N78 and R331) were confirmed to be essential for binding of PR3 with Z11-16:OH by molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis. This study helps understand the sex pheromone recognition molecular mechanism of O. achatina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Si
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin-Meng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuang-Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Krishnan S, Karpe SD, Kumar H, Nongbri LB, Venkateswaran V, Sowdhamini R, Grosse-Wilde E, Hansson BS, Borges RM. Sensing volatiles throughout the body: geographic- and tissue-specific olfactory receptor expression in the fig wasp. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39183553 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
An essential adaptive strategy in insects is the evolution of olfactory receptors (ORs) to recognize important volatile environmental chemical cues. Our model species, Ceratosolen fusciceps, a specialist wasp pollinator of Ficus racemosa, likely possesses an OR repertoire that allows it to distinguish fig-specific volatiles in highly variable environments. Using a newly assembled genome-guided transcriptome, we annotated 63 ORs in the species and reconstructed the phylogeny of Ceratosolen ORs in conjunction with other hymenopteran species. Expression analysis showed that though ORs were mainly expressed in the female antennae, 20% were also expressed in nonantennal tissues such as the head, thorax, abdomen, legs, wings, and ovipositor. Specific upregulated expression was observed in OR30C in the head and OR60C in the wings. We identified OR expression from all major body parts of female C. fusciceps, suggesting novel roles of ORs throughout the body. Further examination of the OR expression of C. fusciceps in widely separated geographical locations, that is, South (urban) and Northeast (rural) India, revealed distinct OR expression levels in different locations. This discrepancy likely parallels the observed variation in fig volatiles between these regions and provides new insights into the evolution of insect ORs and their expression across geographical locations and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Krishnan
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Snehal Dilip Karpe
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Hithesh Kumar
- Genotypic Technology Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Lucy B Nongbri
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vignesh Venkateswaran
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Ramanathan Sowdhamini
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ewald Grosse-Wilde
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Renee M Borges
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Li R, Song X, Shan S, Hussain Dhiloo K, Wang S, Yin Z, Lu Z, Khashaveh A, Zhang Y. Female-Biased Odorant Receptor MmedOR48 in the Parasitoid Microplitis mediator Broadly Tunes to Plant Volatiles. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:17617-17625. [PMID: 39052973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Odorant receptors (ORs) play a crucial role in insect chemoreception. Here, a female-biased odorant receptor MmedOR48 in parasitoid Microplitis mediator was fully functionally characterized. The qPCR analysis suggested that the expression level of MmedOR48 increased significantly after adult emergence and was expressed much more in the antennae. Moreover, an in situ hybridization assay showed MmedOR48 was extensively located in the olfactory sensory neurons. In two-electrode voltage clamp recordings, recombinant MmedOR48 was broadly tuned to 23 kinds of volatiles, among which five plant aldehyde volatiles excited the strongest current recording values. Subsequent molecular docking analysis coupled with site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that key amino acid residues Thr142, Gln80, Gln282, and Thr312 together formed the binding site in the active pocket for the typical aldehyde ligands. Furthermore, ligands of MmedOR48 could stimulate electrophysiological activities in female adults of the M. mediator. The main aldehyde ligand, nonanal, aroused significant behavioral preference of M. mediator in females than in males. These findings suggest that MmedOR48 may be involved in the recognition of plant volatiles in M. mediator, which provides valuable insight into understanding the olfactory mechanisms of parasitoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xuan Song
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuang Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Khalid Hussain Dhiloo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Crop Protection, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan
| | - Shanning Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zixuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ziyun Lu
- IPM Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Adel Khashaveh
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Guo S, Liu P, Tang Y, Chen J, Zhang T, Liu H. Identification and expression profiles of olfactory-related genes in the antennal transcriptome of Graphosoma rubrolineatum (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306986. [PMID: 39106289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphosoma rubrolineatum (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an important pest of vegetables and herbs (e.g., Umbelliferae and Cruciferae) in China, Siberia, Korea, and Japan. Insects are highly dependent on their olfactory system to detect odorants. However, no molecular-mediated olfactory genes in G. rubrolineatum have yet been identified. In this study, we first established the antennal transcriptome of G. rubrolineatum and identified 189 candidate olfactory genes, including 31 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 15 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), four sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs),94 odorant receptors (ORs), 23 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and 22 gustatory receptors (GRs). Additionally, phylogenetic trees were constructed for olfactory genes between G. rubrolineatum and other hemipteran insects. We also detected the expression profiles of ten OBPs, five CSPs, two SNMPs, five ORs, four IRs, and four GRs by real-time quantitative PCR. The results revealed that most genes (GrubOBP1/11/31, GrubCSP3/8, GrubSNMP1a/1b, GrubOrco/OR9/11/13, GrubGR1/4/22, GrubIR25/75h/76b/GluR1) were highly expressed in the antennae, GrubOBP13/31 and GrubCSP4/11/12 were highly expressed in the legs, while GrubOBP20 and GrubGR19 were highly expressed in the wings. Our results will enrich the gene inventory of G. rubrolineatum and provide further insight into the molecular chemosensory mechanisms of G. rubrolineatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibao Guo
- College of Agronomy, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Panjing Liu
- Plant Protection Institute, HAAFS/Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, P. R. China
- IPM Innovation Center of Hebei Province/International Science and Technology Joint Research Center on IPM of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Yin Tang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhua Chen
- College of Agronomy, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Plant Protection Institute, HAAFS/Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, P. R. China
- IPM Innovation Center of Hebei Province/International Science and Technology Joint Research Center on IPM of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Hongmin Liu
- College of Agronomy, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
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Jiang X, Dimitriou E, Grabe V, Sun R, Chang H, Zhang Y, Gershenzon J, Rybak J, Hansson BS, Sachse S. Ring-shaped odor coding in the antennal lobe of migratory locusts. Cell 2024; 187:3973-3991.e24. [PMID: 38897195 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The representation of odors in the locust antennal lobe with its >2,000 glomeruli has long remained a perplexing puzzle. We employed the CRISPR-Cas9 system to generate transgenic locusts expressing the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP in olfactory sensory neurons. Using two-photon functional imaging, we mapped the spatial activation patterns representing a wide range of ecologically relevant odors across all six developmental stages. Our findings reveal a functionally ring-shaped organization of the antennal lobe composed of specific glomerular clusters. This configuration establishes an odor-specific chemotopic representation by encoding different chemical classes and ecologically distinct odors in the form of glomerular rings. The ring-shaped glomerular arrangement, which we confirm by selective targeting of OR70a-expressing sensory neurons, occurs throughout development, and the odor-coding pattern within the glomerular population is consistent across developmental stages. Mechanistically, this unconventional spatial olfactory code reflects the locust-specific and multiplexed glomerular innervation pattern of the antennal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcong Jiang
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany; Research Group Olfactory Coding, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Eleftherios Dimitriou
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Veit Grabe
- Microscopic Service Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ruo Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Hetan Chang
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Yifu Zhang
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rybak
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Silke Sachse
- Research Group Olfactory Coding, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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6
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Long T, Mohapatra P, Ballou S, Menuz K. Odorant receptor co-receptors affect expression of tuning receptors in Drosophila. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1390557. [PMID: 38832356 PMCID: PMC11145718 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1390557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Insects detect odorants using two large families of heteromeric receptors, the Odorant Receptors (ORs) and Ionotropic Receptors (IRs). Most OR and IR genes encode odorant-binding "tuning" subunits, whereas four (Orco, Ir8a, Ir25a, and Ir76b) encode co-receptor subunits required for receptor function. Olfactory neurons are thought to degenerate in the absence of Orco in ants and bees, and limited data suggest this may happen to some olfactory neurons in Drosophila fruit flies as well. Here, we thoroughly examined the role of co-receptors on olfactory neuron survival in Drosophila. Leveraging knowledge that olfactory neuron classes are defined by the expression of different tuning receptors, we used tuning receptor expression in antennal transcriptomes as a proxy for the survival of distinct olfactory neuron classes. Consistent with olfactory neuron degeneration, expression of many OR-family tuning receptors is decreased in Orco mutants relative to controls, and transcript loss is progressive with age. The effects of Orco are highly receptor-dependent, with expression of some receptor transcripts nearly eliminated and others unaffected. Surprisingly, further studies revealed that olfactory neuron classes with reduced tuning receptor expression generally survive in Orco mutant flies. Furthermore, there is little apoptosis or neuronal loss in the antenna of these flies. We went on to investigate the effects of IR family co-receptor mutants using similar approaches and found that expression of IR tuning receptors is decreased in the absence of Ir8a and Ir25a, but not Ir76b. As in Orco mutants, Ir8a-dependent olfactory neurons mostly endure despite near-absent expression of associated tuning receptors. Finally, we used differential expression analysis to identify other antennal genes whose expression is changed in IR and OR co-receptor mutants. Taken together, our data indicate that odorant co-receptors are necessary for maintaining expression of many tuning receptors at the mRNA level. Further, most Drosophila olfactory neurons persist in OR and IR co-receptor mutants, suggesting that the impact of co-receptors on neuronal survival may vary across insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Long
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Pratyajit Mohapatra
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Sydney Ballou
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Karen Menuz
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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7
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Lin MD, Chuang CH, Kao CH, Chen SH, Wang SC, Hsieh PH, Chen GY, Mao CC, Li JY, Jade Lu MY, Lin CY. Decoding the genome of bloodsucking midge Forcipomyia taiwana (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae): Insights into odorant receptor expansion. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 168:104115. [PMID: 38570118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Biting midges, notably those within the Ceratopogonidae family, have long been recognized for their epidemiological significance, both as nuisances and vectors for disease transmission in vertebrates. Despite their impact, genomic insights into these insects, particularly beyond the Culicoides genus, remain limited. In this study, we assembled the Forcipomyia taiwana (Shiraki) genome, comprising 113 scaffolds covering 130.4 Mbps-with the longest scaffold reaching 7.6 Mbps and an N50 value of 2.6 Mbps-marking a pivotal advancement in understanding the genetic architecture of ceratopogonid biting midges. Phylogenomic analyses reveal a shared ancestry between F. taiwana and Culicoides sonorensis Wirth & Jones, dating back approximately 124 million years, and highlight a dynamic history of gene family expansions and contractions within the Ceratopogonidae family. Notably, a substantial expansion of the odorant receptor (OR) gene family was observed, which is crucial for the chemosensory capabilities that govern biting midges' interactions with their environment, including host seeking and oviposition behaviors. The distribution of OR genes across the F. taiwana genome displays notable clusters on scaffolds, indicating localized tandem gene duplication events. Additionally, several collinear regions were identified, hinting at segmental duplications, inversions, and translocations, contributing to the olfactory system's evolutionary complexity. Among the 156 ORs identified in F. taiwana, 134 are biting midge-specific ORs, distributed across three distinct clades, each exhibiting unique motif features that distinguish them from the others. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we correlated distinct gene modules with sex and reproductive status, laying the groundwork for future investigations into the interplay between gene expression and adaptive behaviors in F. taiwana. In conclusion, our study not only highlights the unique olfactory repertoire of ceratopogonid biting midges but also sets the stage for future studies into the genetic underpinnings of their unique biological traits and ecological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Der Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, 701 Zhongyang Rd., Sec. 3, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, 701 Zhongyang Rd., Sec. 3, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hsien Chuang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Cancer Research Centre, Rue du Bugnon 25A, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Chih-Hsin Kao
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan; Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Hwa Chen
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Szu-Chieh Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, 701 Zhongyang Rd., Sec. 3, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan; Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Heng Hsieh
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Guan-Yu Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, 701 Zhongyang Rd., Sec. 3, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Chia Mao
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan; Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Jeng-Yi Li
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Yeh Jade Lu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Yen Lin
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan; Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan; Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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Zhang S, Jacquin-Joly E, Montagné N, Liu F, Liu Y, Wang G. Identification of an odorant receptor responding to sex pheromones in Spodoptera frugiperda extends the novel type-I PR lineage in moths. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:489-502. [PMID: 37573259 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
In moths, pheromone receptors (PRs) are crucial for intraspecific sexual communication between males and females. Moth PRs are considered as an ideal model for studying the evolution of insect PRs, and a large number of PRs have been identified and functionally characterized in different moth species. Moth PRs were initially thought to fall into a single monophyletic clade in the odorant receptor (OR) family, but recent studies have shown that ORs in another lineage also bind type-I sex pheromones, which indicates that type-I PRs have multiple independent origins in the Lepidoptera. In this study, we investigated whether ORs of the pest moth Spodoptera frugiperda belonging to clades closely related to this novel PR lineage may also have the capacity to bind type-I pheromones and serve as male PRs. Among the 7 ORs tested, only 1 (SfruOR23) exhibited a male-biased expression pattern. Importantly, in vitro functional characterization showed that SfruOR23 could bind several type-I sex pheromone compounds with Z-9-tetradecenal (Z9-14:Ald), a minor component found in female sex pheromone glands, as the optimal ligand. In addition, SfruOR23 also showed weak responses to plant volatile organic compounds. Altogether, we characterized an S. frugiperda PR positioned in a lineage closely related to the novel PR clade, indicating that the type-I PR lineage can be extended in moths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, INRAE, Sorbonne University, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, University of Paris, Versailles, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, INRAE, Sorbonne University, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, University of Paris, Versailles, France
| | - Nicolas Montagné
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, INRAE, Sorbonne University, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, University of Paris, Versailles, France
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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9
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Zhang C, Tang B, Tan H, Wang X, Dai W. The Orco gene involved in recognition of host plant volatiles and sex pheromone in the chive maggot Bradysia odoriphaga. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 197:105709. [PMID: 38072517 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The insect olfactory recognition system plays a crucial role in the feeding and reproductive behaviors of insects. The odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco), as an obligatory chaperone, is critical for odorant recognition by way of forming heteromeric complexes with conventional odorant receptors (ORs). To investigate the biological functions of Orco in perceiving host plant volatiles and sex pheromone, the Orco gene was identified from the chive maggot Bradysia odoriphaga transcriptome data. Multiple sequence alignment reveals that BodoOrco exhibits an extremely high sequence identity with Orcos from other dipteran insects. The expression of BodoOrco is significantly higher in adults than in larvae and pupae, and the BodoOrco gene is primarily expressed in the antennae of both sexes. Furthermore, the Y-tube assay indicated that knockdown of BodoOrco leads to significant reductions in B. odoriphaga adults' response to all tested host plant volatiles. The dsOrco-treated unmated male adults show less attraction to unmated females and responded slowly compared with dsGFP control group. These results indicated that BodoOrco is involved in recognition of sex pheromone and host plant volatiles in B. odoriphaga and has the potential to be used as a target for the design of novel active compounds for developing ecofriendly pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunni Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Bowen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haoyu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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10
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Liu P, Guo J, Wei H, Feng L, Gao Z, Zhang T. Genome-wide identification of candidate chemosensory receptors in the bean bug Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) and the functional verification of its odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco) in recognizing aggregation pheromone. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1224009. [PMID: 37520822 PMCID: PMC10375722 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1224009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A sophisticated and sensitive olfactory system plays a vital role in the survival and reproduction of insects. Chemosensory receptors are indispensable for the molecular recognition and discrimination of semiochemicals. Riptortus pedestris is a notorious pest of legume plants, resulting in yield losses and quality decreases in soybeans. It is well accepted that R. pedestris highly relies on its olfactory system in detecting aggregation pheromones, host volatiles, and pesticides; however, little research focused on its chemosensory receptors. In the present study, we identified 237 odorant receptors (ORs), 42 gustatory receptors (GRs), and 31 ionotropic receptors (IRs) from the reported genome of R. pedestris, and analyzed their phylogenetic relationship with other hemipteran species. Through the results of RNA-seq and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), we found that RpedORs displayed different expression levels in the antennae of R. pedestris at different development stages. To further verify the function of odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco), an obligate and unique insect OR, we silenced RpedOrco by RNA interference (RNAi) method. The results showed that silencing RpedOrco could significantly impair the response to aggregation pheromone in R. pedestris, indicating that RpedOrco plays an essential role in odorant detection. Our results can provide the theoretical foundations for revealing the olfactory recognition mechanism of R. pedestris and help explore and develop novel olfactory-based agents against this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Jianglong Guo
- Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Hongyi Wei
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Likai Feng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhanlin Gao
- Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
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11
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Zhang X, Wang X, Zhao S, Fang K, Wang Z, Liu J, Xi J, Wang S, Zhang J. Response of Odorant Receptors with Phenylacetaldehyde and the Effects on the Behavior of the Rice Water Weevil ( Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6541-6551. [PMID: 37058441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The rice water weevil (RWW), Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a destructive rice pest that threatens the rice industry worldwide. Odorant receptors (ORs) and odorant receptor coreceptors (Orcos) play an important role in the process of insects' whole life activities; however, there are no related functional studies on RWW. On this basis, a heterologous study of LoryOR20/LoryOrco in Xenopus laevis oocytes was performed to detect the effects of certain natural compounds on RWWs and four active compounds were found. Electroantennogram (EAG) recordings and a behavior test showed that RWWs exhibited a significant response to phenylacetaldehyde (PAA) and an EAG measurement of dsRNA-LoryOR20-treated RWWs revealed a significant decrease in response to PAA. Our results revealed an olfactory molecular mechanism for the recognition of PAA by RWWs, thus providing a potential genetic target at the peripheral olfactory sensing level, contributing to the development of novel control strategies for pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Shiwen Zhao
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Kui Fang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
- Technical Center of Kunming Customs, Kunming 650228, PR China
| | - Zhun Wang
- Changchun Customs Technology Center, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Jianan Liu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Jinghui Xi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Shang Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Juhong Zhang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
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12
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Benton R, Dahanukar A. Chemosensory Coding in Drosophila Single Sensilla. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2023; 2023:107803-pdb.top. [PMID: 36446528 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top107803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The chemical senses-smell and taste-detect and discriminate an enormous diversity of environmental stimuli and provide fascinating but challenging models to investigate how sensory cues are represented in the brain. Important stimulus-coding events occur in peripheral sensory neurons, which express specific combinations of chemosensory receptors with defined ligand-response profiles. These receptors convert ligand recognition into spatial and temporal patterns of neural activity that are transmitted to, and interpreted in, central brain regions. Drosophila melanogaster provides an attractive model to study chemosensory coding because it possesses relatively simple peripheral olfactory and gustatory systems that display many organizational parallels to those of vertebrates. Moreover, nearly all peripheral chemosensory neurons have been molecularly characterized and are accessible for physiological analysis, as they are exposed on the surface of sensory organs housed in specialized hairs called sensilla. Here, we briefly review anatomical, molecular, and physiological properties of adult Drosophila olfactory and gustatory systems and provide background to methods for electrophysiological recordings of ligand-evoked activity from different types of chemosensory sensilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Benton
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anupama Dahanukar
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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13
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Ning X, Huang C, Dong C, Jin J, Qiao X, Guo J, Qian W, Cao F, Wan F. RNAi verifications on olfactory defects of an essential biocontrol agent Agasicles hygrophila (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) regarding mating and host allocation. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1104962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alligator weed Alternanthera philoxeroides is a perennial, worldwide pernicious weed. The beetle Agasicles hygrophila is considered to be a classical biological agent used to control A. philoxeroides. In the insect peripheral olfactory system, the odorant receptor co-receptor (ORco) plays an important function in the perception of odors in insects. However, the function of ORco in the mating and host-finding behaviors of A. hygrophila remains unclear. In this study, we characterized the odorant receptor co-receptor of A. hygrophila (AhygOrco). Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT–PCR) showed that AhygOrco was predominantly expressed in the antennae of both male and female adults, and the difference between male and female antennae was not significant. The RNA interference (RNAi) results showed that compared to the control, the injection of AhygOrco dsRNA strongly reduced the expression of AhygOrco by 90% in male beetles and 89% in female beetles. The mate-seeking and feeding behavior of AhygOrco-silenced beetles were significantly inhibited. Male adults were significantly less successful in finding a mate compared to the control group. Furthermore, host allocation abilities toward A. philoxeroides of both adults were significantly repressed. These results indicated that AhygOrco is associated with A. hygrophila feeding and mate-seeking and that inhibition of AhygOrco expression is one of the causes of reduced host and mate recognition in A. hygrophila. Meanwhile, the study provides support for exploring gene functions based on RNAi.
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14
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Boronat-Garcia A, Iben J, Dominguez-Martin E, Stopfer M. Identification and analysis of odorant receptors expressed in the two main olfactory organs, antennae and palps, of Schistocerca americana. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22628. [PMID: 36587060 PMCID: PMC9805433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Locusts depend upon their sense of smell and provide useful models for understanding olfaction. Extending this understanding requires knowledge of the molecular and structural organization of the olfactory system. Odor sensing begins with olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), which express odorant receptors (ORs). In insects, ORNs are housed, in varying numbers, in olfactory sensilla. Because the organization of ORs within sensilla affects their function, it is essential to identify the ORs they contain. Here, using RNA sequencing, we identified 179 putative ORs in the transcriptomes of the two main olfactory organs, antenna and palp, of the locust Schistocerca americana. Quantitative expression analysis showed most putative ORs (140) are expressed in antennae while only 31 are in the palps. Further, our analysis identified one OR detected only in the palps and seven ORs that are expressed differentially by sex. An in situ analysis of OR expression suggested ORs are organized in non-random combinations within antennal sensilla. A phylogenetic comparison of OR predicted protein sequences revealed homologous relationships among two other Acrididae species. Our results provide a foundation for understanding the organization of the first stage of the olfactory system in S. americana, a well-studied model for olfactory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Boronat-Garcia
- grid.420089.70000 0000 9635 8082Section on Sensory Coding and Neural Ensembles, National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child and Human Development, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - James Iben
- grid.420089.70000 0000 9635 8082Molecular and Genomics Core, National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child and Human Development, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Eunice Dominguez-Martin
- grid.416870.c0000 0001 2177 357XBiochemistry Section, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Mark Stopfer
- grid.420089.70000 0000 9635 8082Section on Sensory Coding and Neural Ensembles, National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child and Human Development, Bethesda, MD USA
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15
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Xu P, Choo YM, Leal WS. Odorant inhibition in mosquito olfaction mediated by inverse agonists. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 609:156-162. [PMID: 35430419 PMCID: PMC10540603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The insect repellent methyl salicylate elicits excitatory responses upon interaction with CquiOR32, an odorant receptor (OR) from the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus. By contrast, eucalyptol binds to CquiOR32 to generate electrophysiological and behavioral inhibitory responses. In an attempt to identify CquiOR32 variants displaying more robust inhibitory responses for more accurate current-voltage analysis, we sequenced 31 CquiOR32 clones. In the Xenopus oocyte recording system, CquiOR32V2/CquiOrco-expressing oocytes yielded eucalyptol-elicited outward (inhibitory) currents relatively larger than methyl salicylate-generated inward (excitatory) currents. Rescuing experiments showed that two of the amino acid substitutions in CquiOR32V2 located in a predicted transmembrane helix of the receptor are determinants of the outward/inward ratios. These findings, along with co-stimulus assays, suggest that odorant and inhibitor may bind to the same binding pocket. Current-voltage relationships obtained with standard perfusion buffer and those devoid of Na+ or Cl- indicated that both excitatory and inhibitory currents are mediated, at least in part, by cation. We then concluded that eucalyptol is an inverse agonist, which shifts the open ⇔ closed equilibrium of the receptor toward the closed conformation, thus reducing the spontaneous activity. By contrast, the binding of methyl salicylate shifts the equilibrium towards the open conformation and, consequently, leads to an increase in cation influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingxi Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Young-Moo Choo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Walter S Leal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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16
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Yang S, Zhang W. Systematic analysis of olfactory protein-protein interactions network of fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 110:e21882. [PMID: 35249240 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Olfaction is one of the physiological traits of insect behavior. Insects have evolved a sophisticated olfactory system and use a combined coding strategy to process general odor. Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model to reveal the molecular and cellular mechanisms of odor detection. Identifying new olfactory targets through complex interactions will contribute to a better understanding of the functions, interactions, and signaling pathways of olfactory proteins. However, the mechanism of D. melanogaster olfaction is still unclear, and more olfactory proteins are required to be discovered. In this study, we tried to explore essential proteins in the olfactory system of D. melanogaster and conduct protein-protein interactions (PPIs) analysis. We constructed the PPIs network of the olfactory system of D. melanogaster, consisting of 863 proteins and 18,959 interactions. Various methods were used to perform functional enrichment analysis, topological analysis and cluster analysis. Our results confirmed that Class B scavenger receptors (SR-Bs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) play an essential role in olfaction of D. melanogaster. The proteins obtained in this study can be used for subsequent functional identification in D. melanogaster olfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shengzhen, China
| | - WenJun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Zhang S, Wang X, Wang G, Liu F, Liu Y. An odorant receptor of the green mirid bug, Apolygus lucorum, tuned to linalool. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 144:103764. [PMID: 35367588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive olfactory system is required for various insect behaviors, including oviposition site selection, host location, and mate recognition. Odorant receptors (ORs) play a critical role in odorant detection. In this study, we cloned four OR genes referred to as AlucORs (AlucOR4, AlucOR39, AlucOR43, and AlucOR47) from the green mirid bug, Apolygus lucorum, and used Real-time quantitative PCR to show that expression of all four ORs was considerably biased to antennae. Functional analysis, performed using a Xenopus oocyte expression system, revealed that AlucOR47 was robustly and sensitively tuned to the important plant volatile, linalool, and its analogs, linalyl acetate and linalool tetrahydride. Electroantennogram recordings showed that all three ligands elicited obvious responses in male and female mirid bug antennae, with the response to linalool being the strongest. In behavioral assays, male and female mirid bugs displayed significant aversions to linalool. Additionally, the repellent behavior effect of A. lucorum in response to linalool disappeared after knocking down AlucOR47 by RNA interference (RNAi). Taken together, these results indicate that AlucOR47 is necessary for linalool perception in A. lucorum. Our results suggest that AlucOR47 may play a role in plant-insect interactions and provide insight into potential means of biological control against mirid bugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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18
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Castillo P, Husseneder C, Sun Q. Molecular characterization and expression variation of the odorant receptor co-receptor in the Formosan subterranean termite. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267841. [PMID: 35482814 PMCID: PMC9049313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Subterranean termites live in underground colonies with a division of labor among castes (i.e., queens and kings, workers, and soldiers). The function of social colonies relies on sophisticated chemical communication. Olfaction, the sense of smell from food, pathogens, and colony members, plays an important role in their social life. Olfactory plasticity in insects can be induced by long- and short-term environmental perturbations, allowing adaptive responses to the chemical environment according to their physiological and behavioral state. However, there is a paucity of information on the molecular basis of olfaction in termites. In this study, we identified an ortholog encoding the odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco) in the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, and examined its expression variation across developmental stages and in response to social conditions. We found that C. formosanus Orco showed conserved sequence and structure compared with other insects. Spatial and temporal analyses showed that the Orco gene was primarily expressed in the antennae, and it was expressed in eggs and all postembryonic developmental stages. The antennal expression of Orco was upregulated in alates (winged reproductives) compared with workers and soldiers. Further, the expression of Orco decreased in workers after starvation for seven days, but it was not affected by the absence of soldiers or different group sizes. Our study reveals the molecular characteristics of Orco in a termite, and the results suggest a link between olfactory sensitivity and nutritional status. Further studies are warranted to better understand the role of Orco in olfactory plasticity and behavioral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Castillo
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Claudia Husseneder
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Identification and Tissue Expression Profiles of Odorant Receptor Genes in the Green Peach Aphid Myzus persicae. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13050398. [PMID: 35621734 PMCID: PMC9147661 DOI: 10.3390/insects13050398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) relies heavily on its olfactory system to locate plant hosts, find mates, and avoid parasitoids or predators. The insect odorant receptors (ORs) have been proven to play a critical role in the perception of odorants from the environment. In the present study, 33 odorant receptor candidate genes including the Orco gene were identified from the antennal, head, legs and body transcriptomes of M. persicae. Phylogenetic analysis of ORs from seven different orders of insect species suggests that ORs from different insect species are highly divergent and most ORs from the same species formed monophyletic groups. In addition, the aphid ORs were clustered into six different sub-clades in the same clade. Furthermore, the genomic structure of the OR genes also tends to be consistent, suggesting that ORs from the family Aphididae have a relatively close evolutionary relationship. Reads per kilobase per million (RPKM) and tissue expression profiles analyses revealed that 27 out of the 33 MperORs were uniquely or primarily expressed in the antennae, indicating their putative roles in chemoreception. This work provides a foundation to further investigate the molecular and ecological functions of MperORs in the aphid–aphid, aphid–plant and aphid–natural enemy interactions.
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Time-Dependent Odorant Sensitivity Modulation in Insects. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13040354. [PMID: 35447796 PMCID: PMC9028461 DOI: 10.3390/insects13040354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Insects, including blood-feeding female mosquitoes, can transmit deadly diseases, such as malaria, encephalitis, dengue, and yellow fever. Insects use olfaction to locate food sources, mates, and hosts. The nature of odorant plumes poses a challenge for insects in locating odorant sources in the environment. In order to modulate the system for the detection of fresh stimuli or changes in odorant concentrations, the olfaction system desensitizes to different concentrations and durations of stimuli. Without this ability, the chemotaxis behaviors of insects are defective. Thus, understanding how insects adjust their olfactory response dynamics to parse the chemical language of the external environment is not only a basic biology question but also has far-reaching implications for repellents and pest control. Abstract Insects use olfaction to detect ecologically relevant chemicals in their environment. To maintain useful responses over a variety of stimuli, olfactory receptor neurons are desensitized to prolonged or high concentrations of stimuli. Depending on the timescale, the desensitization is classified as short-term, which typically spans a few seconds; or long-term, which spans from minutes to hours. Compared with the well-studied mechanisms of desensitization in vertebrate olfactory neurons, the mechanisms underlying invertebrate olfactory sensitivity regulation remain poorly understood. Recently, using a large-scale functional screen, a conserved critical receptor phosphorylation site has been identified in the model insect Drosophila melanogaster, providing new insight into the molecular basis of desensitization in insects. Here, we summarize the progress in this area and provide perspectives on future directions to determine the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate the desensitization in insect olfaction.
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Miazzi F, Jain K, Kaltofen S, Bello JE, Hansson BS, Wicher D. Targeting Insect Olfaction in vivo and in vitro Using Functional Imaging. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:839811. [PMID: 35281299 PMCID: PMC8907589 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.839811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects decode volatile chemical signals from its surrounding environment with the help of its olfactory system, in a fast and reliable manner for its survival. In order to accomplish this task, odorant receptors (ORs) expressed in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the fly's antenna process such odor information. In order to study such a sophisticated process, we require access to the sensory neurons to perform functional imaging. In this article, we present different preparations to monitor odor information processing in Drosophila melanogaster OSNs using functional imaging of their Ca2+ dynamics. First, we established an in vivo preparation to image specific OSN population expressing the fluorescent Ca2+ reporter GCaMP3 during OR activation with airborne odors. Next, we developed a method to extract and to embed OSNs in a silica hydrogel with OR activation by dissolved odors. The odor response dynamics under these different conditions was qualitatively similar which indicates that the reduction of complexity did not affect the concentration dependence of odor responses at OSN level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Miazzi
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Kalpana Jain
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Sabine Kaltofen
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jan E. Bello
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Bill S. Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Dieter Wicher
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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22
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Diversity and Molecular Evolution of Odorant Receptor in Hemipteran Insects. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020214. [PMID: 35206787 PMCID: PMC8878081 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Insects’ behavior and ecology are closely related to their chemosensory systems, during which odorant receptors (ORs) play an essential role in host recognition. Although OR gene evolution has been studied in many insect orders, a comprehensive evolutionary analysis and expression of OR gene gain and loss events among diverse hemipteran species are still needed. In this study, we identified and analyzed the OR genes from hemipteran species systematically. The number of OR genes discovered in each species ranged from less than ten to hundreds. Gene gain and loss events of OR have occurred in several species in the seven major clades classified through phylogenetic analysis. Then, we discovered the amino acid differences between species to understand the molecular evolution of OR in the order Hemiptera through positive selection. This study lays a foundation for subsequent investigations into the molecular mechanisms of Hemiptera olfactory receptors involved in host recognition. Abstract Olfaction is a critical physiologic process for insects to interact with the environment, especially plant-emitted volatiles, during which odorant receptors (ORs) play an essential role in host recognition. Although OR gene evolution has been studied in many insect orders, a comprehensive evolutionary analysis and expression of OR gene gain and loss events among diverse hemipteran species are still required. In this study, we identified and analyzed 887 OR genes from 11 hemipteran species. The number of OR genes discovered in each species ranged from less than ten to hundreds. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all identified Hemiptera OR genes were classified into seven major clades. Gene gain and loss events of OR have occurred in several species. Then, by positive selection, we discovered the amino acid differences between species to understand the molecular evolution of OR in the order Hemiptera. Additionally, we discussed how evolutionary analysis can aid the study of insect–plant communication. This study lays a foundation for subsequent investigations into the molecular mechanisms of Hemiptera olfactory receptors involved in host recognition.
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Tanaka K, Shimomura K, Hosoi A, Sato Y, Oikawa Y, Seino Y, Kuribara T, Yajima S, Tomizawa M. Antennal transcriptome analysis of chemosensory genes in the cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262817. [PMID: 35045135 PMCID: PMC8769365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfaction, one of the most important sensory systems governing insect behavior, is a possible target for pest management. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the antennal transcriptome of the cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), which is a major pest of stored pulses and legumes. The de novo antennal RNA-seq assembly results identified 17 odorant, 2 gustatory, and 10 ionotropic receptors, 1 sensory neuron membrane protein, and 12 odorant-binding and 7 chemosensory proteins. Moreover, differential gene expression analysis of virgin male and female antennal samples followed by qRT-PCR revealed 1 upregulated and 4 downregulated odorant receptors in males. We also performed homology searches using the coding sequences built from previously proposed amino acid sequences derived from genomic data and identified additional chemosensory-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tanaka
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Shimomura
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akito Hosoi
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Sato
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Oikawa
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuma Seino
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuto Kuribara
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yajima
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tomizawa
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Cheema JA, Carraher C, Plank NOV, Travas-Sejdic J, Kralicek A. Insect odorant receptor-based biosensors: Current status and prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107840. [PMID: 34606949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Whilst the senses of vision and hearing have been successfully automated and miniaturized in portable formats (e.g. smart phone), this is yet to be achieved with the sense of smell. This is because the sensing challenge is not trivial as it involves navigating a chemosensory space comprising thousands of volatile organic compounds. Distinct aroma recognition is based on detecting unique combinations of volatile organic compounds. In natural olfactory systems this is accomplished by employing odorant receptors (ORs) with varying specificities, together with combinatorial neural coding mechanisms. Attempts to mimic the remarkable sensitivity and accuracy of natural olfactory systems has therefore been challenging. Current portable chemical sensors for odorant detection are neither sensitive nor selective, prompting research exploring artificial olfactory devices that use natural OR proteins for sensing. Much research activity to develop OR based biosensors has concentrated on mammalian ORs, however, insect ORs have not been explored as extensively. Insects possess an extraordinary sense of smell due to a repertoire of odorant receptors evolved to interpret olfactory cues vital to the insects' survival. The potential of insect ORs as sensing elements is only now being unlocked through recent research efforts to understand their structure, ligand binding mechanisms and development of odorant biosensors. Like their mammalian counterparts, there are many challenges with working with insect ORs. These include expression, purification and presentation of the insect OR in a stable display format compatible with an effective transduction methodology while maintaining OR structure and function. Despite these challenges, significant progress has been demonstrated in developing OR-based biosensors which exploit insect ORs in cells, lipid bilayers, liposomes and nanodisc formats. Ultrasensitive and highly selective detection of volatile organic compounds has been validated by coupling these insect OR display formats with transduction methodologies spanning optical (fluorescence) and electrical (field effect transistors, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) techniques. This review summarizes the current status of insect OR based biosensors and their future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Ahmed Cheema
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand; The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Colm Carraher
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Natalie O V Plank
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand; School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew Kralicek
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Scentian Bio Limited, 1c Goring Road, Sandringham, Auckland 1025, New Zealand.
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Lin JY, Yang Z, Yang C, Du JX, Yang F, Cheng J, Pan W, Zhang SJ, Yan X, Wang J, Wang J, Tie L, Yu X, Chen X, Sun JP. An ionic lock and a hydrophobic zipper mediate the coupling between an insect pheromone receptor BmOR3 and downstream effectors. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101160. [PMID: 34480896 PMCID: PMC8477192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pheromone receptors (PRs) recognize specific pheromone compounds to guide the behavioral outputs of insects, which are the most diverse group of animals on earth. The activation of PRs is known to couple to the calcium permeability of their coreceptor (Orco) or putatively with G proteins; however, the underlying mechanisms of this process are not yet fully understood. Moreover, whether this transverse seven transmembrane domain (7TM)-containing receptor is able to couple to arrestin, a common effector for many conventional 7TM receptors, is unknown. Herein, using the PR BmOR3 from the silk moth Bombyx mori and its coreceptor BmOrco as a template, we revealed that an agonist-induced conformational change of BmOR3 was transmitted to BmOrco through transmembrane segment 7 from both receptors, resulting in the activation of BmOrco. Key interactions, including an ionic lock and a hydrophobic zipper, are essential in mediating the functional coupling between BmOR3 and BmOrco. BmOR3 also selectively coupled with Gi proteins, which was dispensable for BmOrco coupling. Moreover, we demonstrated that trans-7TM BmOR3 recruited arrestin in an agonist-dependent manner, which indicates an important role for BmOR3–BmOrco complex formation in ionotropic functions. Collectively, our study identified the coupling of G protein and arrestin to a prototype trans-7TM PR, BmOR3, and provided important mechanistic insights into the coupling of active PRs to their downstream effectors, including coreceptors, G proteins, and arrestin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu Lin
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chan Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Xiang Du
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shi-Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lu Tie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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Zhang S, Yan S, Zhang Z, Cao S, Li B, Liu Y, Wang G. Identification and functional characterization of sex pheromone receptors in mirid bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae). INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 136:103621. [PMID: 34233213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mirid bugs are a group of important insect pests that cause large annual losses in agricultural production. Many studies have focused on the isolation and identification of sex pheromones in mirid bugs, and the components and biological activity of the sex pheromones have also been studied as a way to control these pests. However, few studies have focused on the mechanisms of pheromone perception. In this study, we identified the odorant receptor repertoire in three mirid bug species, Apolygus lucorum, Adelphocoris lineolatus, and Adelphocoris suturalis using antennal transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The candidate pheromone receptor (PR) genes were then identified by comparative transcriptomic and expression pattern analysis. Importantly, in vitro functional studies have shown that the candidate PRs have robust responses to the main mirid bug sex pheromone components (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate (E2HB) and hexyl butyrate (HB). Our study uncovered the mechanism of pheromone peripheral coding in these three species and elucidated the mechanism by which mirid bugs can specifically recognize a mate. Moreover, the results of our study will provide a theoretical basis for screening effective sex attractants or mating disturbance agents at the molecular and neural levels for enhanced control of these destructive pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuwei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Song Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Guirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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27
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A Comparative Perspective on Functionally-Related, Intracellular Calcium Channels: The Insect Ryanodine and Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071031. [PMID: 34356655 PMCID: PMC8301844 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is vital for insect development and metabolism, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major intracellular reservoir for Ca2+. The inositol 1,4,5- triphosphate receptor (IP3R) and ryanodine receptor (RyR) are large homotetrameric channels associated with the ER and serve as two major actors in ER-derived Ca2+ supply. Most of the knowledge on these receptors derives from mammalian systems that possess three genes for each receptor. These studies have inspired work on synonymous receptors in insects, which encode a single IP3R and RyR. In the current review, we focus on a fundamental, common question: “why do insect cells possess two Ca2+ channel receptors in the ER?”. Through a comparative approach, this review covers the discovery of RyRs and IP3Rs, examines their structures/functions, the pathways that they interact with, and their potential as target sites in pest control. Although insects RyRs and IP3Rs share structural similarities, they are phylogenetically distinct, have their own structural organization, regulatory mechanisms, and expression patterns, which explains their functional distinction. Nevertheless, both have great potential as target sites in pest control, with RyRs currently being targeted by commercial insecticide, the diamides.
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Li YJ, Chen HC, Hong TL, Yan MW, Wang J, Shao ZM, Wu FA, Sheng S, Wang J. Identification of chemosensory genes by antennal transcriptome analysis and expression profiles of odorant-binding proteins in parasitoid wasp Aulacocentrum confusum. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 40:100881. [PMID: 34273642 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The endoparasitoid wasp, Aulacocentrum confusum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), is a preponderant natural enemy of the larvae of Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), which is a destructive pest of mulberry trees. We first constructed the antennal transcriptome database of A. confusum. In total, we obtained 48,262,304 clean reads from the dataset and assembled 24,324 unigenes. A total of 12,690 (52.17%) unigenes indicated significant similarity (E-value < 10-5) compared to known protein sequences of other species from the NCBI non-redundant protein database. Gene ontology (GO) and cluster of orthologous groups (COG) analyses were used to determine the functional categories of these genes. A total of 84 putative chemosensory genes were identified from the antennal transcriptome of A. confusum, including 11 putative odorant-binding protein (OBP) genes, six chemosensory protein (CSP) genes, 44 olfactory receptor (OR) genes (including one olfactory co-receptor, Orco), 19 ionotropic receptor (IR) genes, and four sensory neuron membrane protein (SNMP) genes. Results of qPCR assays indicated that among of 11 AconOBPs, nine AconOBP genes were significantly expressed in the antennae of A. confusum adults. AconOBP8 was significantly expressed in the abdomen and AconOBP10 was highly expressed in the thorax. These findings can build a basis for further study on the processes of chemosensory perception in A. confusum at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jiangcheng Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Hong-Chao Chen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Tian-le Hong
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Meng-Wen Yan
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Zuo-Min Shao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Fu-An Wu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
| | - Sheng Sheng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China.
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China.
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Kolesov DV, Ivanova VO, Sokolinskaya EL, Kost LA, Balaban PM, Lukyanov KA, Nikitin ES, Bogdanov AM. Impacts of OrX and cAMP-insensitive Orco to the insect olfactory heteromer activity. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4549-4561. [PMID: 34129187 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06480-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Insect odorant receptors (ORs) have been suggested to function as ligand-gated cation channels, with OrX/Orco heteromers combining ionotropic and metabotropic activity. The latter is mediated by different G proteins and results in Orco self-activation by cyclic nucleotide binding. In this contribution, we co-express the odor-specific subunits DmOr49b and DmOr59b with either wild-type Orco or an Orco-PKC mutant lacking cAMP activation heterologously in mammalian cells. We show that the characteristics of heteromers strongly depend on both the OrX type and the coreceptor variant. Thus, methyl acetate-sensitive Or59b/Orco demonstrated 25-fold faster response kinetics over o-cresol-specific Or49b/Orco, while the latter required a 10-100 times lower ligand concentration to evoke a similar electrical response. Compared to wild-type Orco, Orco-PKC decreased odorant sensitivity in both heteromers, and blocked an outward current rectification intrinsic to the Or49b/Orco pair. Our observations thus provide an insight into insect OrX/Orco functioning, highlighting their natural and artificial tuning features and laying the groundwork for their application in chemogenetics, drug screening, and repellent design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila V Kolesov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Violetta O Ivanova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Liubov A Kost
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel M Balaban
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Evgeny S Nikitin
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey M Bogdanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.
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Song YQ, Gu HZ, Song ZY, Sun HZ. Identification of candidate chemosensory receptors in the antennal transcriptome of Tropidothorax elegans. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3127-3143. [PMID: 33871783 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06327-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chemosensory receptors in the dendritic membrane of olfactory cells are critical for the molecular recognition and discrimination of odorants. Tropidothorax elegans is a major pest of agricultural, ornamental, and medicinal plants. However, very little is known about olfactory genes in T. elegans. The purpose of this study was to obtain chemosensory receptor genes by sequencing the antennal transcriptome of T. elegans using Illumina sequencing technology. We identified 153 candidate chemosensory receptors, including 121 olfactory receptors (including one olfactory receptor co-receptor), 10 ionotropic receptors (including one IR8a and one IR25a), and 22 gustatory receptors (GRs). TeleOR76, 104 and 112 displayed more highly expression level than TeleOrco. Other TeleGR genes were expressed at very low levels except TeleGR1 and 20. TeleIR76b was the most highly expressed among TeleIR genes. Our results provide valuable biological information for studies of the olfactory communication system of T. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qin Song
- Forestry College, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Hui Zhan Gu
- Guangyuan Tobacco Corporation of Sichuan Province, Guangyuan, 628000, China
| | - Zhi Yu Song
- Forestry College, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Hui Zhong Sun
- Forestry College, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China.
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31
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Zhang X, Liu P, Qin Q, Li M, Meng R, Zhang T. Characterizing the Role of Orco Gene in Detecting Aggregation Pheromone and Food Resources in Protaetia brevitarsis Leiws (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Front Physiol 2021; 12:649590. [PMID: 33927641 PMCID: PMC8076894 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.649590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An accurate olfactory system for recognizing semiochemicals and environmental chemical signals plays crucial roles in survival and reproduction of insects. Among all olfaction-related proteins, olfactory receptors (ORs) contribute to the conversion of chemical stimuli to electric signals and thereby are vital in odorant recognition. Olfactory receptor co-receptor (Orco), one of the most conserved ORs, is extremely essential in recognizing odorants through forming a ligand-gated ion channel complex with conventional ligand-binding odorant receptors. We have previously identified aggregation pheromone in Protaetia brevitarsis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), a native agricultural and horticultural pest in East-Asia. However, to our best knowledge, its olfaction recognition mechanisms are still veiled. To illustrate how P. brevitarsis recognize aggregation pheromone and host plants, in the present study we cloned and sequenced the full-length Orco gene from P. brevitarsis antennae (named PbreOrco) and found that PbreOrco is highly conserved and similar to Orcos from other Coleoptera insects. Our real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that PbreOrco is mainly expressed in antenna. We also demonstrated that silencing PbreOrco using RNA interference through injecting dsOrco fragment significantly inhibited PbreOrco expression in comparison with injecting control dsGFP and subsequently revealed using electroantennogram and behavioral bioassays that decreasing PbreOrco transcript abundance significantly impaired the responses of P. brevitarsis to intraspecific aggregation pheromone and prolonged the time of P. brevitarsis spending on food seeking. Overall, our results demonstrated that PbreOrco is crucial in mediating odorant perception in P. brevitarsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Baoding, China.,Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
| | - Panjing Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Baoding, China.,Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
| | - Qiuju Qin
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Baoding, China.,Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
| | - Runjie Meng
- Baoding Vocational and Technical College, Baoding, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Baoding, China.,Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
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32
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Abbas F, Vinberg F. Transduction and Adaptation Mechanisms in the Cilium or Microvilli of Photoreceptors and Olfactory Receptors From Insects to Humans. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:662453. [PMID: 33867944 PMCID: PMC8046925 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.662453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensing changes in the environment is crucial for survival. Animals from invertebrates to vertebrates use both visual and olfactory stimuli to direct survival behaviors including identification of food sources, finding mates, and predator avoidance. In primary sensory neurons there are signal transduction mechanisms that convert chemical or light signals into an electrical response through ligand binding or photoactivation of a receptor, that can be propagated to the olfactory and visual centers of the brain to create a perception of the odor and visual landscapes surrounding us. The fundamental principles of olfactory and phototransduction pathways within vertebrates are somewhat analogous. Signal transduction in both systems takes place in the ciliary sub-compartments of the sensory cells and relies upon the activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to close cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) cation channels in photoreceptors to produce a hyperpolarization of the cell, or in olfactory sensory neurons open CNG channels to produce a depolarization. However, while invertebrate phototransduction also involves GPCRs, invertebrate photoreceptors can be either ciliary and/or microvillar with hyperpolarizing and depolarizing responses to light, respectively. Moreover, olfactory transduction in invertebrates may be a mixture of metabotropic G protein and ionotropic signaling pathways. This review will highlight differences of the visual and olfactory transduction mechanisms between vertebrates and invertebrates, focusing on the implications to the gain of the transduction processes, and how they are modulated to allow detection of small changes in odor concentration and light intensity over a wide range of background stimulus levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Abbas
- Vinberg Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, John A. Moran Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Frans Vinberg
- Vinberg Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, John A. Moran Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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He P, Ma YF, Wang MM, Wang H, Dewer Y, Abd El-Ghany NM, Chen GL, Yang GQ, Zhang F, He M. Silencing the odorant coreceptor (Orco) disrupts sex pheromonal communication and feeding responses in Blattella germanica: toward an alternative target for controlling insect-transmitted human diseases. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1674-1682. [PMID: 33205592 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The German cockroach, Blattella germanica, is one of the most severe pests of urban and rural areas. High-throughput genetic screening approaches indicate that the olfactory system of this pest is extremely powerful because it has an extensive array of olfactory receptor genes compared with many other insect species. Several of these genes have been identified previously, but their functions have not yet been characterized. RESULTS This study describes the sequence of five transcriptomes of B. germanica adult male antennae, female antennae, maxillary palps, legs, and fifth-instar nymph antennae to investigate expression patterns of odorant receptors (ORs). Approximately 90% of ORs were found to be the most highly expressed genes in adult or nymph antennae. Additionally, every OR requires an odorant co-receptor (Orco) to become fully functional, and this was selected and successfully inhibited by injection of the corresponding double-stranded (ds)RNA targeting the Orco. A strong RNA interference (RNAi) effect was observed in which > 75% of Orco messenger RNA (mRNA) was clearly suppressed after 72 h of treatment. Olfactory behavioral assays showed that Orco-impaired B. germanica respond more slowly and show less attraction to one volatile sex pheromone and food resources compared with a control group. CONCLUSION The results show that Orco plays a pivotal role in both sex pheromone and food-seeking olfactory processes, and provide an alternative genetic technique for controlling this urban pest species by olfactory disruption. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Feng Ma
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Youssef Dewer
- Bioassay Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nesreen M Abd El-Ghany
- Pests and Plant Protection Department, Agricultural and Biological Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Guang-Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Ming He
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
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Liu J, Liu H, Yi J, Mao Y, Li J, Sun D, An Y, Wu H. Transcriptome Characterization and Expression Analysis of Chemosensory Genes in Chilo sacchariphagus (Lepidoptera Crambidae), a Key Pest of Sugarcane. Front Physiol 2021; 12:636353. [PMID: 33762968 PMCID: PMC7982955 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.636353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect chemoreception involves many families of genes, including odourant/pheromone binding proteins (OBP/PBPs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs), odourant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), and sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), which play irreplaceable roles in mediating insect behaviors such as host location, foraging, mating, oviposition, and avoidance of danger. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of olfactory reception in Chilo sacchariphagus, which is a major pest of sugarcane. A set of 72 candidate chemosensory genes, including 31 OBPs/PBPs, 15 CSPs, 11 ORs, 13 IRs, and two SNMPs, were identified in four transcriptomes from different tissues and genders of C. sacchariphagus. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted on gene families and paralogs from other model insect species. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that most of these chemosensory genes exhibited antennae-biased expression, but some had high expression in bodies. Most of the identified chemosensory genes were likely involved in chemoreception. This study provides a molecular foundation for the function of chemosensory proteins, and an opportunity for understanding how C. sacchariphagus behaviors are mediated via chemical cues. This research might facilitate the discovery of novel strategies for pest management in agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbai Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and Fertilizer, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and Fertilizer, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jiequn Yi
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and Fertilizer, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongkai Mao
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and Fertilizer, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jihu Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and Fertilizer, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donglei Sun
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and Fertilizer, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxing An
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and Fertilizer, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Wu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Pesticide and Fertilizer, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Jain K, Lavista-Llanos S, Grabe V, Hansson BS, Wicher D. Calmodulin regulates the olfactory performance in Drosophila melanogaster. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3747. [PMID: 33580172 PMCID: PMC7881240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect odorant receptors (ORs) detect volatile chemical cues with high sensitivity. These ORs operate as ligand-gated ion channels and are formed by heptahelical OrX and Orco (co-receptor) proteins. A highly conserved calmodulin (CaM) binding site (CBS) 336SAIKYWVER344 within the second intracellular loop of Drosophila melanogaster Orco constitutes a target for regulating OR performance. Here we asked how a point mutation K339N in this CBS affects the olfactory performance of Drosophila melanogaster. We first asked how this mutation would affect the odor responses of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Using Ca2+ imaging in an ex-vivo antenna preparation, we activated all OR (OrX/Orco) expressing neurons using the synthetic agonist VUAA1. In a next attempt, we restricted the OR spectrum to Or22a expressing neurons (Or22a/Orco) and stimulated these OSNs with the ligand ethyl hexanoate. In both approaches, we found that flies carrying the K339N point mutation in Orco display a reduced olfactory response. We also found that the mutation abolishes the capability of OSNs to sensitize by repeated weak odor stimuli. Next, we asked whether OrcoK339N might affect the odor localization performance. Using a wind tunnel bioassay, we found that odor localization in flies carrying the OrcoK339N mutation was severely diminished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Jain
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sofia Lavista-Llanos
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Veit Grabe
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Dieter Wicher
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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Yuvaraj JK, Roberts RE, Sonntag Y, Hou XQ, Grosse-Wilde E, Machara A, Zhang DD, Hansson BS, Johanson U, Löfstedt C, Andersson MN. Putative ligand binding sites of two functionally characterized bark beetle odorant receptors. BMC Biol 2021; 19:16. [PMID: 33499862 PMCID: PMC7836466 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bark beetles are major pests of conifer forests, and their behavior is primarily mediated via olfaction. Targeting the odorant receptors (ORs) may thus provide avenues towards improved pest control. Such an approach requires information on the function of ORs and their interactions with ligands, which is also essential for understanding the functional evolution of these receptors. Hence, we aimed to identify a high-quality complement of ORs from the destructive spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) and analyze their antennal expression and phylogenetic relationships with ORs from other beetles. Using 68 biologically relevant test compounds, we next aimed to functionally characterize ecologically important ORs, using two systems for heterologous expression. Our final aim was to gain insight into the ligand-OR interaction of the functionally characterized ORs, using a combination of computational and experimental methods. RESULTS We annotated 73 ORs from an antennal transcriptome of I. typographus and report the functional characterization of two ORs (ItypOR46 and ItypOR49), which are responsive to single enantiomers of the common bark beetle pheromone compounds ipsenol and ipsdienol, respectively. Their responses and antennal expression correlate with the specificities, localizations, and/or abundances of olfactory sensory neurons detecting these enantiomers. We use homology modeling and molecular docking to predict their binding sites. Our models reveal a likely binding cleft lined with residues that previously have been shown to affect the responses of insect ORs. Within this cleft, the active ligands are predicted to specifically interact with residues Tyr84 and Thr205 in ItypOR46. The suggested importance of these residues in the activation by ipsenol is experimentally supported through site-directed mutagenesis and functional testing, and hydrogen bonding appears key in pheromone binding. CONCLUSIONS The emerging insight into ligand binding in the two characterized ItypORs has a general importance for our understanding of the molecular and functional evolution of the insect OR gene family. Due to the ecological importance of the characterized receptors and widespread use of ipsenol and ipsdienol in bark beetle chemical communication, these ORs should be evaluated for their potential use in pest control and biosensors to detect bark beetle infestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jothi K Yuvaraj
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Yonathan Sonntag
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Qing Hou
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ewald Grosse-Wilde
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Present address: Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sci, Excellent Team for Mitigation, Czech University Life Sci Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague 6, 16521, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Machara
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Urban Johanson
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
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Yuvaraj JK, Roberts RE, Sonntag Y, Hou XQ, Grosse-Wilde E, Machara A, Zhang DD, Hansson BS, Johanson U, Löfstedt C, Andersson MN. Putative ligand binding sites of two functionally characterized bark beetle odorant receptors. BMC Biol 2021. [PMID: 33499862 DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.07.980797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bark beetles are major pests of conifer forests, and their behavior is primarily mediated via olfaction. Targeting the odorant receptors (ORs) may thus provide avenues towards improved pest control. Such an approach requires information on the function of ORs and their interactions with ligands, which is also essential for understanding the functional evolution of these receptors. Hence, we aimed to identify a high-quality complement of ORs from the destructive spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) and analyze their antennal expression and phylogenetic relationships with ORs from other beetles. Using 68 biologically relevant test compounds, we next aimed to functionally characterize ecologically important ORs, using two systems for heterologous expression. Our final aim was to gain insight into the ligand-OR interaction of the functionally characterized ORs, using a combination of computational and experimental methods. RESULTS We annotated 73 ORs from an antennal transcriptome of I. typographus and report the functional characterization of two ORs (ItypOR46 and ItypOR49), which are responsive to single enantiomers of the common bark beetle pheromone compounds ipsenol and ipsdienol, respectively. Their responses and antennal expression correlate with the specificities, localizations, and/or abundances of olfactory sensory neurons detecting these enantiomers. We use homology modeling and molecular docking to predict their binding sites. Our models reveal a likely binding cleft lined with residues that previously have been shown to affect the responses of insect ORs. Within this cleft, the active ligands are predicted to specifically interact with residues Tyr84 and Thr205 in ItypOR46. The suggested importance of these residues in the activation by ipsenol is experimentally supported through site-directed mutagenesis and functional testing, and hydrogen bonding appears key in pheromone binding. CONCLUSIONS The emerging insight into ligand binding in the two characterized ItypORs has a general importance for our understanding of the molecular and functional evolution of the insect OR gene family. Due to the ecological importance of the characterized receptors and widespread use of ipsenol and ipsdienol in bark beetle chemical communication, these ORs should be evaluated for their potential use in pest control and biosensors to detect bark beetle infestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jothi K Yuvaraj
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Yonathan Sonntag
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Qing Hou
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ewald Grosse-Wilde
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Present address: Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sci, Excellent Team for Mitigation, Czech University Life Sci Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague 6, 16521, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Machara
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Urban Johanson
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
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Shen S, Fan Z, Zhang X, Kong X, Liu F, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Hu X, Zhang S. The Characteristics of Chemosensory and Opsin Genes in Newly Emerged and Sexually Mature Agrilus planipennis, an Important Quarantine Forest Beetle. Front Genet 2021; 11:604757. [PMID: 33519910 PMCID: PMC7844324 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.604757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, is a highly destructive quarantine pest. The olfactory and visual systems of A. planipennis play different but critical roles at newly emerged and sexually mature stages; however, the molecular basis underlying these differences remain unclear. Consequently, based on deep transcriptome sequencing, we evaluated the expression levels of chemosensory-related proteins and opsins at the two developmental stages of A. planipennis. We found 15 new chemosensory-related genes in our transcriptome assembly compared with the previous genome assembly, including 6 that code for odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and 9 for chemosensory proteins (CSPs). The expression of several chemosensory-related genes (OBP7, OBP10, CSP1, and CSP12) differed markedly between newly emerged and sexually mature A. planipennis. We also found that the expression of UV opsin 2 and LW opsin 1 was higher in sexually mature male A. planipennis, which may be associated with their strong visual mate detection ability. This study forms the basis for further investigation of the chemosensory and visual system of A. planipennis, and these differentially expressed genes between newly emerged and sexually mature stages may serve as targets for the management of this destructive forest pest after sexual maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.,College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhizhi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangbo Kong
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Fu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Forest Control Station of Dawu County, Xiaogan, China
| | - Xiumei Hu
- Forest Control Station of Dawu County, Xiaogan, China
| | - Sufang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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39
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Jafari S, Alenius M. Odor response adaptation in Drosophila-a continuous individualization process. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 383:143-148. [PMID: 33492517 PMCID: PMC7873105 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory perception is very individualized in humans and also in Drosophila. The process that individualize olfaction is adaptation that across multiple time scales and mechanisms shape perception and olfactory-guided behaviors. Olfactory adaptation occurs both in the central nervous system and in the periphery. Central adaptation occurs at the level of the circuits that process olfactory inputs from the periphery where it can integrate inputs from other senses, metabolic states, and stress. We will here focus on the periphery and how the fast, slow, and persistent (lifelong) adaptation mechanisms in the olfactory sensory neurons individualize the Drosophila olfactory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Jafari
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mattias Alenius
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, SE, Sweden.
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40
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Kythreoti G, Sdralia N, Tsitoura P, Papachristos DP, Michaelakis A, Karras V, Ruel DM, Yakir E, Bohbot JD, Schulz S, Iatrou K. Volatile allosteric antagonists of mosquito odorant receptors inhibit human-host attraction. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100172. [PMID: 33298524 PMCID: PMC7948460 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Odorant-dependent behaviors in insects are triggered by the binding of odorant ligands to the variable subunits of heteromeric olfactory receptors. Previous studies have shown, however, that specific odor binding to ORco, the common subunit of odorant receptor heteromers, may allosterically alter olfactory receptor function and profoundly affect subsequent behavioral responses. Using an insect cell-based screening platform, we identified and characterized several antagonists of the odorant receptor coreceptor of the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae (AgamORco) in a small collection of natural volatile organic compounds. Because some of the identified antagonists were previously shown to strongly repel Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes, we examined the bioactivities of the identified antagonists against Aedes, the third major genus of the Culicidae family. The tested antagonists inhibited the function of Ae. aegypti ORco ex vivo and repelled adult Asian tiger mosquitoes (Ae. albopictus). Binary mixtures of specific antagonists elicited higher repellency than single antagonists, and binding competition assays suggested that this enhanced repellence is due to antagonist interaction with distinct ORco sites. Our results also suggest that the enhanced mosquito repellency by antagonist mixtures is due to additive rather than synergistic effects of the specific antagonist combinations on ORco function. Taken together, these findings provide novel insights concerning the molecular aspects of odorant receptor function. Moreover, our results demonstrate that a simple screening assay may be used for the identification of allosteric modifiers of olfactory-driven behaviors capable of providing enhanced personal protection against multiple mosquito-borne infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Kythreoti
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Nadia Sdralia
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Panagiota Tsitoura
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | | | - Antonios Michaelakis
- Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Vasileios Karras
- Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Kifissia, Greece
| | - David M Ruel
- Department of Entomology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Esther Yakir
- Department of Entomology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jonathan D Bohbot
- Department of Entomology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kostas Iatrou
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, Greece.
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Sun D, Huang Y, Qin Z, Zhan H, Zhang J, Liu Y, Yang S. Identification of Candidate Olfactory Genes in the Antennal Transcriptome of the Stink Bug Halyomorpha halys. Front Physiol 2020; 11:876. [PMID: 32792985 PMCID: PMC7394822 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a serious agricultural and urban pest that has become an invasive species in many parts of the world. Olfaction plays an indispensable role in regulating insect behaviors, such as host plant location, partners searching, and avoidance of predators. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the antennal transcriptomes of both male and female adults of H. halys to better understand the olfactory mechanisms in this species. A total of 241 candidate chemosensory genes were identified, including 138 odorant receptors (ORs), 24 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 15 gustatory receptors (GRs), 44 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 17 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), and three sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). The results of semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) assays showed that some HhalOBP and HhalCSP genes have tissue-specific and sex-biased expression patterns. Our results provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms of the olfactory system in H. halys and identify potential novel targets for pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhenjie Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.,State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Zhan
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- MoA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyong Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Exploitation of Biology Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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42
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Wang X, Wang S, Yi J, Li Y, Liu J, Wang J, Xi J. Three Host Plant Volatiles, Hexanal, Lauric Acid, and Tetradecane, are Detected by an Antenna-Biased Expressed Odorant Receptor 27 in the Dark Black Chafer Holotrichia parallela. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7316-7323. [PMID: 32551589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Insects rely on olfaction to locate their host plants by antennae in complex chemical environments. Odorant receptor (OR) genes are thought to play a crucial role in the process. ORs function together with odorant coreceptors to determine the specificity and sensitivity of olfactory reception. The dark black chafer, Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), is a destructive underground pest. To understand the molecular basis of H. parallela olfactory reception, an olfactory-biased expressed odorant receptor HparOR27 and HparOrco (HparOR40) were identified from antennal transcriptome analysis and prediction of the sequence structure. Tissue expression analysis showed that HparOR27 was mainly expressed in adult antennae throughout developmental stages. The functions of HparOR27 were analyzed using the Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system. HparOR27 was broadly responsive to three host plant volatiles, including hexanal, lauric acid, and tetradecane. Electroantennogram tests confirmed that three ligands were electrophysiologically active in antennae of female adults. A Y-tube olfactometer test indicated that hexanal was a repellent for adults of both sexes. Taken together, our data support the identification of odorant receptors and provide a molecular basis for eco-friendly pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Shang Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Jiankun Yi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Yunshuo Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Jianan Liu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Jinghui Xi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
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43
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A molecular odorant transduction model and the complexity of spatio-temporal encoding in the Drosophila antenna. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007751. [PMID: 32287275 PMCID: PMC7182276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, substantial amount of work has been conducted to characterize different odorant receptors, neuroanatomy and odorant response properties of the early olfactory system of Drosophila melanogaster. Yet many odorant receptors remain only partially characterized, and the odorant transduction process and the axon hillock spiking mechanism of the olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) have yet to be fully determined. Identity and concentration, two key characteristics of the space of odorants, are encoded by the odorant transduction process. Detailed molecular models of the odorant transduction process are, however, scarce for fruit flies. To address these challenges we advance a comprehensive model of fruit fly OSNs as a cascade consisting of an odorant transduction process (OTP) and a biophysical spike generator (BSG). We model odorant identity and concentration using an odorant-receptor binding rate tensor, modulated by the odorant concentration profile, and an odorant-receptor dissociation rate tensor, and quantitatively describe the mechanics of the molecular ligand binding/dissociation of the OTP. We model the BSG as a Connor-Stevens point neuron. The resulting spatio-temporal encoding model of the Drosophila antenna provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the neural code of both odorant identity and odorant concentration and advances the state-of-the-art in a number of ways. First, it quantifies on the molecular level the spatio-temporal level of complexity of the transformation taking place in the antennae. The concentration-dependent spatio-temporal code at the output of the antenna circuits determines the level of complexity of olfactory processing in the downstream neuropils, such as odorant recognition and olfactory associative learning. Second, the model is biologically validated using multiple electrophysiological recordings. Third, the model demonstrates that the currently available data for odorant-receptor responses only enable the estimation of the affinity of the odorant-receptor pairs. The odorant-dissociation rate is only available for a few odorant-receptor pairs. Finally, our model calls for new experiments for massively identifying the odorant-receptor dissociation rates of relevance to flies. Identity and concentration, intrinsically embedded in the odorant space, are two key characteristics of olfactory coding that define the level of complexity of neural processing throughout the olfactory system in the fruit fly. In this paper we advance a theoretical foundation for understanding these two characteristics by quantifying mathematically the odorant space and devising a biophysical model of the olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). To validate our modeling approach, we propose and apply an algorithm to estimate the affinity value and the dissociation rate, the two characteristics that define odorant identity, of multiple odorant-receptor pairs. We then evaluate our model with a multitude of odorant waveforms and demonstrate that the model output reproduces the temporal responses of OSNs obtained from in vivo electrophysiology recordings. Furthermore, we evaluate the model at the OSN population level and quantify on the molecular level the spatio-temporal level of complexity of the transformation taking place between the odorant space and the OSNs. The resulting concentration-dependent spatio-temporal code determines the level of complexity of the input space driving olfactory processing in the downstream neuropils. Lastly, our model demonstrates that the currently available data for OSN responses only enables estimation of affinity value. This calls for new experiments for massively identifying the odorant-receptor dissociation rates of relevance to flies.
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44
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Cali K, Persaud KC. Modification of an Anopheles gambiae odorant binding protein to create an array of chemical sensors for detection of drugs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3890. [PMID: 32127578 PMCID: PMC7054253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding pockets of odorant binding proteins from Anopheles gambiae (OBP1 and OBP47) were analysed using in silico modelling. The feasibility of creating mutant proteins to achieve a protein array capable of detecting drugs of abuse in solution or in vapour phase was investigated. OBP1 was found to be easily adapted and several mutant proteins were expressed and characterised. AgamOBP1_S82P was found to have high affinities to cannabinol, 3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine (MDMA/Ecstasy) and cocaine hydrochloride. When these proteins were immobilised on a quartz crystal microbalance, saturated cocaine hydrochloride vapour could be detected. The sensors were stable over a period of at least 10 months in air. The approach taken allows flexible design of new biosensors based on inherently stable protein scaffolds taking advantage of the tertiary structure of odorant binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khasim Cali
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Krishna C Persaud
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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45
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Abstract
Odorant receptors detect a vast diversity of chemical compounds and underlie many aspects of life. The structure of insect odorant receptors, however, has remained unknown. A cryo-EM study now reveals an intriguing architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Luo
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA
| | - John R Carlson
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA.
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46
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Slankster E, Kollala S, Baria D, Dailey-Krempel B, Jain R, Odell SR, Mathew D. Mechanism underlying starvation-dependent modulation of olfactory behavior in Drosophila larva. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3119. [PMID: 32080342 PMCID: PMC7033209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60098-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Starvation enhances olfactory sensitivity that encourage animals to search for food. The molecular mechanisms that enable sensory neurons to remain flexible and adapt to a particular internal state remain poorly understood. Here, we study the roles of GABA and insulin signaling in starvation-dependent modulation of olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) function in the Drosophila larva. We show that GABAB-receptor and insulin-receptor play important roles during OSN modulation. Using an OSN-specific gene expression analysis, we explore downstream targets of insulin signaling in OSNs. Our results suggest that insulin and GABA signaling pathways interact within OSNs and modulate OSN function by impacting olfactory information processing. We further show that manipulating these signaling pathways specifically in the OSNs impact larval feeding behavior and its body weight. These results challenge the prevailing model of OSN modulation and highlight opportunities to better understand OSN modulation mechanisms and their relationship to animal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryn Slankster
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Sai Kollala
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Dominique Baria
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | | | - Roshni Jain
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Seth R Odell
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
- Integrated Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Dennis Mathew
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
- Integrated Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
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47
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Liu J, Wu H, Yi J, Zhang G. Two gustatory receptors are necessary for sensing sucrose in an egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis. CHEMOECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-020-00301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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48
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Ng R, Salem SS, Wu ST, Wu M, Lin HH, Shepherd AK, Joiner WJ, Wang JW, Su CY. Amplification of Drosophila Olfactory Responses by a DEG/ENaC Channel. Neuron 2019; 104:947-959.e5. [PMID: 31629603 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Insect olfactory receptors operate as ligand-gated ion channels that directly transduce odor stimuli into electrical signals. However, in the absence of any known intermediate transduction steps, it remains unclear whether and how these ionotropic inputs are amplified in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). Here, we find that amplification occurs in the Drosophila courtship-promoting ORNs through Pickpocket 25 (PPK25), a member of the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel family (DEG/ENaC). Pharmacological and genetic manipulations indicate that, in Or47b and Ir84a ORNs, PPK25 mediates Ca2+-dependent signal amplification via an intracellular calmodulin-binding motif. Additionally, hormonal signaling upregulates PPK25 expression to determine the degree of amplification, with striking effects on male courtship. Together, these findings advance our understanding of sensory neurobiology by identifying an amplification mechanism compatible with ionotropic signaling. Moreover, this study offers new insights into DEG/ENaC activation by highlighting a novel means of regulation that is likely conserved across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renny Ng
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Secilia S Salem
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shiuan-Tze Wu
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Meilin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hui-Hao Lin
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew K Shepherd
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - William J Joiner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jing W Wang
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chih-Ying Su
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Andersson MN, Keeling CI, Mitchell RF. Genomic content of chemosensory genes correlates with host range in wood-boring beetles (Dendroctonus ponderosae, Agrilus planipennis, and Anoplophora glabripennis). BMC Genomics 2019; 20:690. [PMID: 31477011 PMCID: PMC6720082 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Olfaction and gustation underlie behaviors that are crucial for insect fitness, such as host and mate selection. The detection of semiochemicals is mediated via proteins from large and rapidly evolving chemosensory gene families; however, the links between a species’ ecology and the diversification of these genes remain poorly understood. Hence, we annotated the chemosensory genes from genomes of select wood-boring coleopterans, and compared the gene repertoires from stenophagous species with those from polyphagous species. Results We annotated 86 odorant receptors (ORs), 60 gustatory receptors (GRs), 57 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 4 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), 36 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), and 11 chemosensory proteins (CSPs) in the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), and 47 ORs, 30 GRs, 31 IRs, 4 SNMPs, 12 OBPs, and 14 CSPs in the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis). Four SNMPs and 17 CSPs were annotated in the polyphagous wood-borer Anoplophora glabripennis. The gene repertoires in the stenophagous D. ponderosae and A. planipennis are reduced compared with those in the polyphagous A. glabripennis and T. castaneum, which is largely manifested through small gene lineage expansions and entire lineage losses. Alternative splicing of GR genes was limited in D. ponderosae and apparently absent in A. planipennis, which also seems to have lost one carbon dioxide receptor (GR1). A. planipennis has two SNMPs, which are related to SNMP3 in T. castaneum. D. ponderosae has two alternatively spliced OBP genes, a novel OBP “tetramer”, and as many as eleven IR75 members. Simple orthology was generally rare in beetles; however, we found one clade with orthologues of putative bitter-taste GRs (named the “GR215 clade”), and conservation of IR60a from Drosophila melanogaster. Conclusions Our genome annotations represent important quantitative and qualitative improvements of the original datasets derived from transcriptomes of D. ponderosae and A. planipennis, facilitating evolutionary analysis of chemosensory genes in the Coleoptera where only a few genomes were previously annotated. Our analysis suggests a correlation between chemosensory gene content and host specificity in beetles. Future studies should include additional species to consolidate this correlation, and functionally characterize identified proteins as an important step towards improved control of these pests. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-6054-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin N Andersson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Christopher I Keeling
- Laurentian Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1055 rue du P.E.P.S, Stn. Sainte-Foy, P.O. Box 10380, Québec, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada.,Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045, av. de la Médecine, local 3428, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Robert F Mitchell
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, 54901, USA
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50
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Wu Z, Kang C, Qu M, Chen J, Chen M, Bin S, Lin J. Candidates for chemosensory genes identified in the Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax, through a transcriptomic analysis. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:646. [PMID: 31412763 PMCID: PMC6693287 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The males of many Bactrocera species (Diptera: Tephritidae) respond strongly to plant-derived chemicals (male lures) and can be divided into cue lure/raspberry ketone (CL/RK) responders, methyl eugenol (ME) responders and non-responders. Representing a non-responders, Bactrocera minax display unique olfactory sensory characteristics compared with other Bactrocera species. The chemical senses of insects mediate behaviors that are associated with survival and reproduction. Here, we report the generation of transcriptomes from antennae and the rectal glands of both male and female adults of B. minax using Illumina sequencing technology, and annotated gene families potentially responsible for chemosensory. Results We developed four transcriptomes from different tissues of B. minax and identified a set of candidate genes potentially responsible for chemosensory by analyzing the transcriptomic data. The candidates included 40 unigenes coding for odorant receptors (ORs), 30 for ionotropic receptors (IRs), 17 for gustatory receptors (GRs), three for sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), 33 for odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), four for chemosensory proteins (CSPs). Sex- and tissue-specific expression profiles for candidate chemosensory genes were analyzed via transcriptomic data analyses, and expression profiles of all ORs and antennal IRs were investigated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Phylogenetic analyses were also conducted on gene families and paralogs from other insect species together. Conclusions A large number of chemosensory genes were identified from transcriptomic data. Identification of these candidate genes and their expression profiles in various tissues provide useful information for future studies towards revealing their function in B. minax. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-6022-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhen Wu
- Guang Zhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Kang
- Guang Zhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqiu Qu
- Guang Zhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlong Chen
- Guang Zhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingshun Chen
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Shuying Bin
- Guang Zhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintian Lin
- Guang Zhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China.
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