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Rouhova L, Zurovcova M, Hradilova M, Sery M, Sehadova H, Zurovec M. Comprehensive analysis of silk proteins and gland compartments in Limnephilus lunatus, a case-making trichopteran. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:472. [PMID: 38745159 PMCID: PMC11092239 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Caddisfly larvae produce silk containing heavy and light fibroins, similar to the silk of Lepidoptera, for the construction of underwater structures. We analyzed the silk of Limnephilus lunatus belonging to the case-forming suborder Integripalpia. We analyzed the transcriptome, mapped the transcripts to a reference genome and identified over 80 proteins using proteomic methods, and checked the specificity of their expression. For comparison, we also analyzed the transcriptome and silk proteome of Limnephilus flavicornis. Our results show that fibroins and adhesives are produced together in the middle and posterior parts of the silk glands, while the anterior part produces enzymes and an unknown protein AT24. The number of silk proteins of L. lunatus far exceeds that of the web-spinning Plectrocnemia conspersa, a previously described species from the suborder Annulipalpia. Our results support the idea of increasing the structural complexity of silk in rigid case builders compared to trap web builders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Rouhova
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Zurovcova
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Miluse Hradilova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Sery
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Sehadova
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Zurovec
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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2
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Heckenhauer J, Stewart RJ, Ríos-Touma B, Powell A, Dorji T, Frandsen PB, Pauls SU. Characterization of the primary structure of the major silk gene, h-fibroin, across caddisfly (Trichoptera) suborders. iScience 2023; 26:107253. [PMID: 37529107 PMCID: PMC10387566 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Larvae of caddisflies (Trichoptera) produce silk to build various underwater structures allowing them to exploit a wide range of aquatic environments. The silk adheres to various substrates underwater and has high tensile strength, extensibility, and toughness and is of interest as a model for biomimetic adhesives. As a step toward understanding how the properties of underwater silk evolved in Trichoptera, we used genomic data to identify full-length sequences and characterize the primary structure of the major silk protein, h-fibroin, across the order. The h-fibroins have conserved termini and basic motif structure with high variation in repeating modules and variation in the percentage of amino acids, mainly proline. This finding might be linked to differences in mechanical properties related to the different silk usage and sets a starting point for future studies to screen and correlate amino acid motifs and other sequence features with quantifiable silk properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Heckenhauer
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt, Hesse 60325, Germany
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Hesse 60325, Germany
| | - Russell J. Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Blanca Ríos-Touma
- Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Ingeniería Ambiental, Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, EC 170124, Ecuador
| | - Ashlyn Powell
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Tshering Dorji
- Department of Environment and Climate Studies, Royal University of Bhutan, Punakha 13001, Bhutan
| | - Paul B. Frandsen
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt, Hesse 60325, Germany
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Data Science Lab, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Steffen U. Pauls
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt, Hesse 60325, Germany
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Hesse 60325, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Hesse 35392; Germany
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3
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Stewart RJ, Frandsen PB, Pauls SU, Heckenhauer J. Conservation of Three-Dimensional Structure of Lepidoptera and Trichoptera L-Fibroins for 290 Million Years. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185945. [PMID: 36144689 PMCID: PMC9504780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The divergence of sister orders Trichoptera (caddisflies) and Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) from a silk-spinning ancestor occurred around 290 million years ago. Trichoptera larvae are mainly aquatic, and Lepidoptera larvae are almost entirely terrestrial—distinct habitats that required molecular adaptation of their silk for deployment in water and air, respectively. The major protein components of their silks are heavy chain and light chain fibroins. In an effort to identify molecular changes in L-fibroins that may have contributed to the divergent use of silk in water and air, we used the ColabFold implementation of AlphaFold2 to predict three-dimensional structures of L-fibroins from both orders. A comparison of the structures revealed that despite the ancient divergence, profoundly different habitats, and low sequence conservation, a novel 10-helix core structure was strongly conserved in L-fibroins from both orders. Previously known intra- and intermolecular disulfide linkages were accurately predicted. Structural variations outside of the core may represent molecular changes that contributed to the evolution of insect silks adapted to water or air. The distributions of electrostatic potential, for example, were not conserved and present distinct order-specific surfaces for potential interactions with or modulation by external factors. Additionally, the interactions of L-fibroins with the H-fibroin C-termini are different for these orders; lepidopteran L-fibroins have N-terminal insertions that are not present in trichopteran L-fibroins, which form an unstructured ribbon in isolation but become part of an intermolecular β-sheet when folded with their corresponding H-fibroin C-termini. The results are an example of protein structure prediction from deep sequence data of understudied proteins made possible by AlphaFold2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell J. Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Paul B. Frandsen
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84062, USA
| | - Steffen U. Pauls
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Heckenhauer
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
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4
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Rouhová L, Sehadová H, Pauchová L, Hradilová M, Žurovcová M, Šerý M, Rindoš M, Žurovec M. Using the multi-omics approach to reveal the silk composition in Plectrocnemia conspersa. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:945239. [PMID: 36060257 PMCID: PMC9432349 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.945239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to Lepidoptera, the larvae of Trichoptera are also capable of producing silk. Plectrocnemia conspersa, a predatory species belonging to the suborder Annulipalpia, builds massive silken retreats with preycapturing nets. In this study, we describe the silk glands of P. conspersa and use the multi-omics methods to obtain a complete picture of the fiber composition. A combination of silk gland-specific transcriptome and proteomic analyses of the spun-out fibers yielded 27 significant candidates whose full-length sequences and gene structures were retrieved from the publicly available genome database. About one-third of the candidates were completely novel proteins for which there are no described homologs, including a group of five pseudofibroins, proteins with a composition similar to fibroin heavy chain. The rest were homologs of lepidopteran silk proteins, although some had a larger number of paralogs. On the other hand, P. conspersa fibers lacked some proteins that are regular components in moth silk. In summary, the multi-omics approach provides an opportunity to compare the overall composition of silk with other insect species. A sufficient number of such studies will make it possible to distinguish between the basic components of all silks and the proteins that represent the adaptation of the fibers for specific purposes or environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Rouhová
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Hana Sehadová
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Lucie Pauchová
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Miluše Hradilová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha, Czechia
| | - Martina Žurovcová
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Michal Šerý
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Michal Rindoš
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michal Žurovec
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Michal Žurovec,
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5
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Shi G, Zhou Y, Ren F. Identification and function analysis of BmPxtA in the immune response regulated by PGE 2 of silkworm, Bombyx mori. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:104358. [PMID: 35081420 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) can mediate the immune response of insects to infection. Mammalian cyclooxygenase (COXs) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of PGs, and Pxt may be its homologous gene in some sequenced insect genomes. As a representative of Lepidoptera, the silkworm also contains PGs, but the biosynthetic source of PGs is still unclear. In this study, Sequence analysis showed that peroxinectin (BmPxtA) gene of silkworm was closely related to human COX gene, and its homologous protein had conserved domains corresponding to human COX. The expression of BmPxtA gene was the highest in the hemocytes and was induced by Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) challenge in the detected tissues. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results showed that silencing BmPxtA mediated by RNA interference (RNAi) inhibited the expression of immune-related pathway genes, and specifically suppressed hemocyte-spreading and nodule formation in silkworm; Hemocyte-spreading and nodule formation were also inhibited by aspirin, a COX inhibitor. Treatment by PGE2 but not arachidonic acid (AA) rescued the immunosuppression; PGs concentrations was also inhibited by aspirin. PGE2, but not AA, treatment rescued the PGs concentrations. These results suggest that BmPxtA gene is associated with PG biosynthesis in silkworm and the immune response of silkworm was affected by regulating the concentrations of PGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Shi
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Fei Ren
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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6
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Ramezaniaghdam M, Nahdi ND, Reski R. Recombinant Spider Silk: Promises and Bottlenecks. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:835637. [PMID: 35350182 PMCID: PMC8957953 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.835637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Spider silk threads have exceptional mechanical properties such as toughness, elasticity and low density, which reach maximum values compared to other fibre materials. They are superior even compared to Kevlar and steel. These extraordinary properties stem from long length and specific protein structures. Spider silk proteins can consist of more than 20,000 amino acids. Polypeptide stretches account for more than 90% of the whole protein, and these domains can be repeated more than a hundred times. Each repeat unit has a specific function resulting in the final properties of the silk. These properties make them attractive for innovative material development for medical or technical products as well as cosmetics. However, with livestock breeding of spiders it is not possible to reach high volumes of silk due to the cannibalistic behaviour of these animals. In order to obtain spider silk proteins (spidroins) on a large scale, recombinant production is attempted in various expression systems such as plants, bacteria, yeasts, insects, silkworms, mammalian cells and animals. For viable large-scale production, cost-effective and efficient production systems are needed. This review describes the different types of spider silk, their proteins and structures and discusses the production of these difficult-to-express proteins in different host organisms with an emphasis on plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ramezaniaghdam
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS at FIT – Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadia D. Nahdi
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS at FIT – Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ralf Reski,
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7
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Pugliese R, Montuori M, Gelain F. Bioinspired photo-crosslinkable self-assembling peptides with pH-switchable "on-off" luminescence. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:447-456. [PMID: 36132689 PMCID: PMC9418485 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00688f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in peptide self-assembly over the past two decades; however, the in situ cross-linking of self-assembling peptides yielding better performing nanomaterials is still in its infancy. Indeed, self-assembling peptides (SAPs), relying only on non-covalent interactions, are mechanically unstable and susceptible to solvent erosion, greatly hindering their practical application. Herein, drawing inspiration from the biological functions of tyrosine, we present a photo-cross-linking approach for the in situ cross-linking of a tyrosine-containing LDLK12 SAP. This method is based on the ruthenium-complex-catalyzed conversion of tyrosine to dityrosine upon light irradiation. We observed a stable formation of dityrosine cross-linking starting from 5 minutes, with a maximum peak after 1 hour of UV irradiation. Furthermore, the presence of a ruthenium complex among the assembled peptide bundles bestows unusual fluorescence intensity stability up to as high as 42 °C, compared to the bare ruthenium complex. Also, due to a direct deprotonation-protonation process between the ruthenium complex and SAP molecules, the fluorescence of the photo-cross-linked SAP is capable of exhibiting "off-on-off-on" luminescence switchable from acid to basic pH. Lastly, we showed that the photo-cross-linked hydrogel exhibited enhanced mechanical stability with a storage modulus of ∼26 kPa, due to the formation of a densely entangled fibrous network of SAP molecules through dityrosine linkages. As such, this ruthenium-mediated photo-cross-linked SAP hydrogel could be useful in the design of novel tyrosine containing SAP materials with intriguing potential for biomedical imaging, pH sensing, photonics, soft electronics, and bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Pugliese
- Tissue Engineering Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies-ISBReMIT, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo FG Italy
- NeMO Lab, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda 20162 Milan Italy
| | - Monica Montuori
- Biotechnology and Biosciences Department, University of Milano-Bicocca 20162 Milan Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gelain
- Tissue Engineering Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies-ISBReMIT, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo FG Italy
- Center for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering (CNTE), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda 20162 Milan Italy
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Tommasini G, Dufil G, Fardella F, Strakosas X, Fergola E, Abrahamsson T, Bliman D, Olsson R, Berggren M, Tino A, Stavrinidou E, Tortiglione C. Seamless integration of bioelectronic interface in an animal model via in vivo polymerization of conjugated oligomers. Bioact Mater 2021; 10:107-116. [PMID: 34901533 PMCID: PMC8637319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leveraging the biocatalytic machinery of living organisms for fabricating functional bioelectronic interfaces, in vivo, defines a new class of micro-biohybrids enabling the seamless integration of technology with living biological systems. Previously, we have demonstrated the in vivo polymerization of conjugated oligomers forming conductors within the structures of plants. Here, we expand this concept by reporting that Hydra, an invertebrate animal, polymerizes the conjugated oligomer ETE-S both within cells that expresses peroxidase activity and within the adhesive material that is secreted to promote underwater surface adhesion. The resulting conjugated polymer forms electronically conducting and electrochemically active μm-sized domains, which are inter-connected resulting in percolative conduction pathways extending beyond 100 μm, that are fully integrated within the Hydra tissue and the secreted mucus. Furthermore, the introduction and in vivo polymerization of ETE-S can be used as a biochemical marker to follow the dynamics of Hydra budding (reproduction) and regeneration. This work paves the way for well-defined self-organized electronics in animal tissue to modulate biological functions and in vivo biofabrication of hybrid functional materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Tommasini
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "E. Caianiello", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Gwennaël Dufil
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linkoping University, SE-60174, Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Federica Fardella
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "E. Caianiello", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Xenofon Strakosas
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linkoping University, SE-60174, Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Eugenio Fergola
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "E. Caianiello", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Tobias Abrahamsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linkoping University, SE-60174, Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - David Bliman
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roger Olsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linkoping University, SE-60174, Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Angela Tino
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "E. Caianiello", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linkoping University, SE-60174, Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Claudia Tortiglione
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "E. Caianiello", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
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9
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Cheng J, Liu J, Li M, Liu Z, Wang X, Zhang L, Wang Z. Hydrogel-Based Biomaterials Engineered from Natural-Derived Polysaccharides and Proteins for Hemostasis and Wound Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:780187. [PMID: 34881238 PMCID: PMC8645981 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.780187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid and effective hemostasis is of great importance to improve the quality of treatment and save lives in emergency, surgical practice, civilian, and military settings. Traditional hemostatic materials such as tourniquets, gauze, bandages, and sponges have shown limited efficacy in the management of uncontrollable bleeding, resulting in widespread interest in the development of novel hemostatic materials and techniques. Benefiting from biocompatibility, degradability, injectability, tunable mechanical properties, and potential abilities to promote coagulation, wound healing, and anti-infection, hydrogel-based biomaterials, especially those on the basis of natural polysaccharides and proteins, have been increasingly explored in preclinical studies over the past few years. Despite the exciting research progress and initial commercial development of several hemostatic hydrogels, there is still a significant distance from the desired hemostatic effect applicable to clinical treatment. In this review, after elucidating the process of biological hemostasis, the latest progress of hydrogel biomaterials engineered from natural polysaccharides and proteins for hemostasis is discussed on the basis of comprehensive literature review. We have focused on the preparation strategies, physicochemical properties, hemostatic and wound-healing abilities of these novel biomaterials, and highlighted the challenges that needed to be addressed to achieve the transformation of laboratory research into clinical practice, and finally presented future research directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyao Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Jianheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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10
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Davey PA, Power AM, Santos R, Bertemes P, Ladurner P, Palmowski P, Clarke J, Flammang P, Lengerer B, Hennebert E, Rothbächer U, Pjeta R, Wunderer J, Zurovec M, Aldred N. Omics-based molecular analyses of adhesion by aquatic invertebrates. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1051-1075. [PMID: 33594824 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many aquatic invertebrates are associated with surfaces, using adhesives to attach to the substratum for locomotion, prey capture, reproduction, building or defence. Their intriguing and sophisticated biological glues have been the focus of study for decades. In all but a couple of specific taxa, however, the precise mechanisms by which the bioadhesives stick to surfaces underwater and (in many cases) harden have proved to be elusive. Since the bulk components are known to be based on proteins in most organisms, the opportunities provided by advancing 'omics technologies have revolutionised bioadhesion research. Time-consuming isolation and analysis of single molecules has been either replaced or augmented by the generation of massive data sets that describe the organism's translated genes and proteins. While these new approaches have provided resources and opportunities that have enabled physiological insights and taxonomic comparisons that were not previously possible, they do not provide the complete picture and continued multi-disciplinarity is essential. This review covers the various ways in which 'omics have contributed to our understanding of adhesion by aquatic invertebrates, with new data to illustrate key points. The associated challenges are highlighted and priorities are suggested for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Davey
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Anne Marie Power
- Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Room 226, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Romana Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente (MARE), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Philip Bertemes
- Institute of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Peter Ladurner
- Institute of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Pawel Palmowski
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Jessica Clarke
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Patrick Flammang
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Birgit Lengerer
- Institute of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Elise Hennebert
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Ute Rothbächer
- Institute of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Robert Pjeta
- Institute of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Julia Wunderer
- Institute of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Michal Zurovec
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Nick Aldred
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, U.K
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12
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Song G, Delroisse J, Schoenaers D, Kim H, Nguyen TC, Horbelt N, Leclère P, Hwang DS, Harrington MJ, Flammang P. Structure and composition of the tunic in the sea pineapple Halocynthia roretzi: A complex cellulosic composite biomaterial. Acta Biomater 2020; 111:290-301. [PMID: 32438110 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biological organisms produce high-performance composite materials, such as bone, wood and insect cuticle, which provide inspiration for the design of novel materials. Ascidians (sea squirts) produce an organic exoskeleton, known as a tunic, which has been studied quite extensively in several species. However, currently, there are still gaps in our knowledge about the detailed structure and composition of this cellulosic biocomposite. Here, we investigate the composition and hierarchical structure of the tough tunic from the species Halocynthia roretzi, through a cross-disciplinary approach combining traditional histology, immunohistochemistry, vibrational spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force and electron microscopies. The picture emerging is that the tunic of H. roretzi is a hierarchically-structured composite of cellulose and proteins with several compositionally and structurally distinct zones. At the surface is a thin sclerotized cuticular layer with elevated composition of protein containing halogenated amino acids and cross-linked via dityrosine linkages. The fibrous layer makes up the bulk of the tunic and is comprised primarily of helicoidally-ordered crystalline cellulose fibres with a lower protein content. The subcuticular zone directly beneath the surface contains much less organized cellulose fibres. Given current efforts to utilize biorenewable cellulose sources for the sustainable production of bio-inspired composites, these insights establish the tunic of H. roretzi as an exciting new archetype for extracting relevant design principles. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Tunicates are the only animals able to produce cellulose. They use this structural polysaccharide to build an exoskeleton called a tunic. Here, we investigate the composition and hierarchical structure of the tough tunic from the sea pineapple Halocynthia roretzi through a multiscale cross-disciplinary approach. The tunic of this species is a composite of cellulose and proteins with two distinct layers. At the surface is a thin sclerotized cuticular layer with a higher protein content containing halogenated amino acids and cross-linked via dityrosine linkages. The fibrous layer makes up the bulk of the tunic and is comprised of well-ordered cellulose fibres with a lower protein content. Given current efforts to utilize cellulose to produce advanced materials, the tunic of the sea pineapple provides a striking model for the design of bio-inspired cellulosic composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonho Song
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jérôme Delroisse
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Dorian Schoenaers
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Hyungbin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673
| | - Thai Cuong Nguyen
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center for Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Nils Horbelt
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Philippe Leclère
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center for Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673.
| | - Matthew J Harrington
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Patrick Flammang
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
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Domínguez-Pérez D, Almeida D, Wissing J, Machado AM, Jänsch L, Castro LF, Antunes A, Vasconcelos V, Campos A, Cunha I. The Quantitative Proteome of the Cement and Adhesive Gland of the Pedunculate Barnacle, Pollicipes pollicipes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072524. [PMID: 32260514 PMCID: PMC7177777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesive secretion has a fundamental role in barnacles’ survival, keeping them in an adequate position on the substrate under a variety of hydrologic regimes. It arouses special interest for industrial applications, such as antifouling strategies, underwater industrial and surgical glues, and dental composites. This study was focused on the goose barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes adhesion system, a species that lives in the Eastern Atlantic strongly exposed intertidal rocky shores and cliffs. The protein composition of P. pollicipes cement multicomplex and cement gland was quantitatively studied using a label-free LC-MS high-throughput proteomic analysis, searched against a custom transcriptome-derived database. Overall, 11,755 peptide sequences were identified in the gland while 2880 peptide sequences were detected in the cement, clustered in 1616 and 1568 protein groups, respectively. The gland proteome was dominated by proteins of the muscle, cytoskeleton, and some uncharacterized proteins, while the cement was, for the first time, reported to be composed by nearly 50% of proteins that are not canonical cement proteins, mainly unannotated proteins, chemical cues, and protease inhibitors, among others. Bulk adhesive proteins accounted for one-third of the cement proteome, with CP52k being the most abundant. Some unannotated proteins highly expressed in the proteomes, as well as at the transcriptomic level, showed similar physicochemical properties to the known surface-coupling barnacle adhesive proteins while the function of the others remains to be discovered. New quantitative and qualitative clues are provided to understand the diversity and function of proteins in the cement of stalked barnacles, contributing to the whole adhesion model in Cirripedia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Domínguez-Pérez
- CIIMAR–Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua General Norton de Matos s/n, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (D.D.-P.); (D.A.); (A.M.M.); (L.F.C.); (A.A.); (V.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Daniela Almeida
- CIIMAR–Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua General Norton de Matos s/n, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (D.D.-P.); (D.A.); (A.M.M.); (L.F.C.); (A.A.); (V.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Josef Wissing
- Cellular Proteomics Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.W.); (L.J.)
| | - André M. Machado
- CIIMAR–Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua General Norton de Matos s/n, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (D.D.-P.); (D.A.); (A.M.M.); (L.F.C.); (A.A.); (V.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Lothar Jänsch
- Cellular Proteomics Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.W.); (L.J.)
| | - Luís Filipe Castro
- CIIMAR–Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua General Norton de Matos s/n, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (D.D.-P.); (D.A.); (A.M.M.); (L.F.C.); (A.A.); (V.V.); (A.C.)
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Antunes
- CIIMAR–Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua General Norton de Matos s/n, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (D.D.-P.); (D.A.); (A.M.M.); (L.F.C.); (A.A.); (V.V.); (A.C.)
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR–Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua General Norton de Matos s/n, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (D.D.-P.); (D.A.); (A.M.M.); (L.F.C.); (A.A.); (V.V.); (A.C.)
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Campos
- CIIMAR–Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua General Norton de Matos s/n, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (D.D.-P.); (D.A.); (A.M.M.); (L.F.C.); (A.A.); (V.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Isabel Cunha
- CIIMAR–Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua General Norton de Matos s/n, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (D.D.-P.); (D.A.); (A.M.M.); (L.F.C.); (A.A.); (V.V.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-22-340-1800; Fax: +351-22-339-0608
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Sun J, Su J, Ma C, Göstl R, Herrmann A, Liu K, Zhang H. Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Engineered Protein-Based Adhesives and Fibers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906360. [PMID: 31805206 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein-based structural biomaterials are of great interest for various applications because the sequence flexibility within the proteins may result in their improved mechanical and structural integrity and tunability. As the two representative examples, protein-based adhesives and fibers have attracted tremendous attention. The typical protein adhesives, which are secreted by mussels, sandcastle worms, barnacles, and caddisfly larvae, exhibit robust underwater adhesion performance. In order to mimic the adhesion performance of these marine organisms, two main biological adhesives are presented, including genetically engineered protein-based adhesives and biomimetic chemically synthetized adhesives. Moreover, various protein-based fibers inspired by spider and silkworm proteins, collagen, elastin, and resilin are studied extensively. The achievements in synthesis and fabrication of structural biomaterials by DNA recombinant technology and chemical regeneration certainly will accelerate the explorations and applications of protein-based adhesives and fibers in wound healing, tissue regeneration, drug delivery, biosensors, and other high-tech applications. However, the mechanical properties of the biological structural materials still do not match those of natural systems. More efforts need to be devoted to the study of the interplay of the protein structure, cohesion and adhesion effects, fiber processing, and mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juanjuan Su
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Göstl
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China
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Heckenhauer J, Frandsen PB, Gupta DK, Paule J, Prost S, Schell T, Schneider JV, Stewart RJ, Pauls SU. Annotated Draft Genomes of Two Caddisfly Species Plectrocnemia conspersa CURTIS and Hydropsyche tenuis NAVAS (Insecta: Trichoptera). Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:3445-3451. [PMID: 31774498 PMCID: PMC6916706 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the speciose insect order Trichoptera (caddisflies) provide important ecosystem services, for example, nutrient cycling through breaking down of organic matter. They are also of industrial interest due to their larval silk secretions. These form the basis for their diverse case-making behavior that allows them to exploit a wide range of ecological niches. Only five genomes of this order have been published thus far, with variable qualities regarding contiguity and completeness. A low-cost sequencing strategy, that is, using a single Oxford Nanopore flow cell per individual along with Illumina sequence reads was successfully used to generate high-quality genomes of two Trichoptera species, Plectrocnemia conspersa and Hydropsyche tenuis. Of the de novo assembly methods compared, assembly of low coverage Nanopore reads (∼18×) and subsequent polishing with long reads followed by Illumina short reads (∼80-170× coverage) yielded the highest genome quality both in terms of contiguity and BUSCO completeness. The presented genomes are the shortest to date and extend our knowledge of genome size across caddisfly families. The genomic region that encodes for light (L)-chain fibroin, a protein component of larval caddisfly silk was identified and compared with existing L-fibroin gene clusters. The new genomic resources presented in this paper are among the highest quality Trichoptera genomes and will increase the knowledge of this important insect order by serving as the basis for phylogenomic and comparative genomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Heckenhauer
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE‐TBG), Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Entomology III, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Paul B Frandsen
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE‐TBG), Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Plant & Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
- Data Science Lab, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC
| | - Deepak K Gupta
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE‐TBG), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juraj Paule
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Prost
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE‐TBG), Frankfurt, Germany
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tilman Schell
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE‐TBG), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julio V Schneider
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Entomology III, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Russell J Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Steffen U Pauls
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE‐TBG), Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Entomology III, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany
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16
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Frandsen PB, Bursell MG, Taylor AM, Wilson SB, Steeneck A, Stewart RJ. Exploring the underwater silken architectures of caddisworms: comparative silkomics across two caddisfly suborders. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20190206. [PMID: 31495307 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caddisfly (Trichoptera) larvae assemble a variety of underwater structures using bioadhesive silk. The order is divided into two primary sub-orders distinguished by how the larvae deploy their silk. Foraging Integripalpia larvae construct portable tube cases. Annulipalpia larvae construct stationary retreats, some with suspended nets to capture food. To identify silk molecular adaptations that may have contributed to caddisfly diversification, we report initial characterization of silk from a net-spinner genus, Parapsyche, for comparison with the silk of a tube case-maker genus, Hesperophylax. Overall, general features of silk structure and processing are conserved across the sub-orders despite approximately 200 Ma of divergence: the H-fibroin proteins comprise repeating phosphoserine-rich motifs, naturally spun silk fibres contain approximately 1 : 1 molar ratios of divalent metal ions to phosphate, silk fibre precursors are stored as complex fluids of at least two types of complexes, and silk gland proteins contain only traces of divalent metal ions, suggesting metal ions that solidify the fibres are absorbed from the aqueous environment after silk extrusion. However, the number and arrangement of the repeating phosphoserine blocks differ between genera, suggesting molecular adaptation of H-fibroin through duplication and shuffling of conserved structural modules may correspond with the radiation of caddisflies into diverse environments. This article is part of the theme issue 'Transdisciplinary approaches to the study of adhesion and adhesives in biological systems'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Frandsen
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.,Data Science Lab, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20002, USA
| | - Madeline G Bursell
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Adam M Taylor
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Seth B Wilson
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Amy Steeneck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Russell J Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Orb-weaving spider Araneus ventricosus genome elucidates the spidroin gene catalogue. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8380. [PMID: 31182776 PMCID: PMC6557832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the family Araneidae are common orb-weaving spiders, and they produce several types of silks throughout their behaviors and lives, from reproduction to foraging. Egg sac, prey capture thread, or dragline silk possesses characteristic mechanical properties, and its variability makes it a highly attractive material for ecological, evolutional, and industrial fields. However, the complete set of constituents of silks produced by a single species is still unclear, and novel spidroin genes as well as other proteins are still being found. Here, we present the first genome in genus Araneus together with the full set of spidroin genes with unamplified long reads and confirmed with transcriptome of the silk glands and proteome analysis of the dragline silk. The catalogue includes the first full length sequence of a paralog of major ampullate spidroin MaSp3, and several spider silk-constituting elements designated SpiCE. Family-wide phylogenomic analysis of Araneidae suggests the relatively recent acquisition of these genes, and multiple-omics analyses demonstrate that these proteins are critical components in the abdominal spidroin gland and dragline silk, contributing to the outstanding mechanical properties of silk in this group of species.
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18
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J. B, Chanda K, M.M. B. Revisiting the insights and applications of protein engineered hydrogels. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 95:312-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Luo S, Tang M, Frandsen PB, Stewart RJ, Zhou X. The genome of an underwater architect, the caddisfly Stenopsyche tienmushanensis Hwang (Insecta: Trichoptera). Gigascience 2018; 7:5202446. [PMID: 30476205 PMCID: PMC6302954 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giy143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) are a highly adapted freshwater group of insects split from a common ancestor with Lepidoptera. They are the most diverse (>16,000 species) of the strictly aquatic insect orders and are widely employed as bio-indicators in water quality assessment and monitoring. Among the numerous adaptations to aquatic habitats, caddisfly larvae use silk and materials from the environment (e.g., stones, sticks, leaf matter) to build composite structures such as fixed retreats and portable cases. Understanding how caddisflies have adapted to aquatic habitats will help explain the evolution and subsequent diversification of the group. Findings We sequenced a retreat-builder caddisfly Stenopsyche tienmushanensis Hwang and assembled a high-quality genome from both Illumina and Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) sequencing. In total, 601.2 M Illumina reads (90.2 Gb) and 16.9 M PacBio subreads (89.0 Gb) were generated. The 451.5 Mb assembled genome has a contig N50 of 1.29 M, has a longest contig of 4.76 Mb, and covers 97.65% of the 1,658 insect single-copy genes as assessed by Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs. The genome comprises 36.76% repetitive elements. A total of 14,672 predicted protein-coding genes were identified. The genome revealed gene expansions in specific groups of the cytochrome P450 family and olfactory binding proteins, suggesting potential genomic features associated with pollutant tolerance and mate finding. In addition, the complete gene complex of the highly repetitive H-fibroin, the major protein component of caddisfly larval silk, was assembled. Conclusions We report the draft genome of Stenopsyche tienmushanensis, the highest-quality caddisfly genome so far. The genome information will be an important resource for the study of caddisflies and may shed light on the evolution of aquatic insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Min Tang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Paul B Frandsen
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, 701 E University Parkway Drive, Provo, UT 84602, USA.,Data Science Lab, Smithsonian Institution, 600 Maryland Ave SW, Washington, DC 20002, USA
| | - Russell J Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 20 South 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
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20
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Ashton NN, Stewart RJ. Aquatic caddisworm silk is solidified by environmental metal ions during the natural fiber-spinning process. FASEB J 2018; 33:572-583. [PMID: 29985645 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801029r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic caddisfly larvae (caddisworms) wet-spin fibers to construct composite cases of silk and stone. The silk emerges from labial ducts as a nanofibrous fluid gel, flowing over the stone substrate and making intimate interfacial adhesive contacts before being drawn into tough fibers that rapidly solidify underwater to span gaps in the construction. Divalent metal ions are responsible for the unique mechanical properties of naturally spun silk fibers; however, when and where divalent metal ions are incorporated into the metallofibers and other aspects of the fiber solidification mechanism are poorly understood. To investigate, the elemental composition and secondary structure of silk precursors stored in the silk gland lumen were compared with naturally spun fibers by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Naturally spun fibers contained near equimolar ratios of Ca2+ to P. In contrast, silk precursors stored in the silk gland lumen contained only traces of Ca2+ and other multivalent metal ions. Ca2+ was also undetectable in anterior lumenal silk using the histochemical Ca2+ indicator, alizarin S red. Addition of Ca2+ to isolated lumenal silk resulted in Ca2+ complexation by H-fibroin phosphoserines (pSs) and a shift in secondary structure from random coils to β-structures, creating infrared spectra in the phosphate and amide I regions nearly equivalent to those found in naturally spun Ca2+-containing silk fibers. Light and electron microscopy within distinct regions of the silk gland suggested that posterior gland silk colloidal complexes transition into a nanofibrous morphology as they pass into the chitin-lined anterior lumen. Altogether, the results suggest that environmental Ca2+ absorbed from natural water triggers silk fiber solidification postdraw by complexing H-fibroin pSs, creating Ca2+-stabilized crystalline β-nanodomains that cross-link and toughen the freshly drawn silk fibers.-Ashton, N. N., Stewart, R. J. Aquatic caddisworm silk is solidified by environmental metal ions during the natural fiber-spinning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas N Ashton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Russell J Stewart
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Buffet JP, Corre E, Duvernois-Berthet E, Fournier J, Lopez PJ. Adhesive gland transcriptomics uncovers a diversity of genes involved in glue formation in marine tube-building polychaetes. Acta Biomater 2018; 72:316-328. [PMID: 29597026 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tube-building sabellariid polychaetes are hermatypic organisms capable of forming vast reefs in highly turbulent marine habitats. Sabellariid worms assemble their tube by gluing together siliceous and calcareous clastic particles using a polyelectrolytic biocement. Here, we performed transcriptomic analyses to investigate the genes that are differentially expressed in the parathorax region, which contains the adhesive gland and tissues, from the rest of the body. We found a large number of candidate genes to be involved in the composition and formation of biocement in two species: Sabellaria alveolata and Phragmatopoma caudata. Our results indicate that the glue is likely to be composed by a large diversity of cement-related proteins, including Poly(S), GY-rich, H-repeat and miscellaneous categories. However, sequences divergence and differences in expression profiles between S. alveolata and P. caudata of cement-related proteins may reflect adaptation to the type of substratum used to build their tube, and/or to their habitat (temperate vs tropical, amplitude of pH, salinity …). Related to the L-DOPA metabolic pathways and linked with the genes that were differentially expressed in the parathorax region, we found that tyrosinase and peroxidase gene families may have undergone independent expansion in the two Sabellariidae species investigated. Our data also reinforce the importance of protein modifications in cement formation. Altogether these new genomic resources help to identify novel transcripts encoding for cement-related proteins, but also important enzymes putatively involved in the chemistry of the adhesion process, such as kinases, and may correspond to new targets to develop biomimetic approaches. STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE The diversity of bioadhesives elaborated by marine invertebrates is a tremendous source of inspiration to develop biomimetic approaches for biomedical and technical applications. Recent studies on the adhesion system of mussel, barnacle and sea star had highlighted the usefulness of high-throughput RNA sequencing in accelerating the development of biomimetic adhesives. Adhesion in sandcastle worms, which involves catechol and phosphate chemistries, polyelectrolyte complexes, supramolecular architectures, and a coacervation process, is a useful model to develop multipurpose wet adhesives. Using transcriptomic tools, we have explored the diversity of genes encoding for structural and catalytic proteins involved in cement formation of two sandcastle worm species, Sabellaria alveolata and Phragmatopoma caudata. The important genomic resource generated should help to design novel "blue" adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Buffet
- UMR Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, MNHN/CNRS-7208 Sorbonne Université/IRD-207/UCN /UA, 43 rue Cuvier, Paris 75005, France
| | - Erwan Corre
- Station Biologique - FR 2424, CNRS/Sorbonne Université, ABiMS, Roscoff 29680, France
| | | | - Jérôme Fournier
- UMR Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, MNHN/CNRS-7208 Sorbonne Université/IRD-207/UCN /UA, 43 rue Cuvier, Paris 75005, France
| | - Pascal Jean Lopez
- UMR Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, MNHN/CNRS-7208 Sorbonne Université/IRD-207/UCN /UA, 43 rue Cuvier, Paris 75005, France.
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22
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Numata K, Ifuku N, Masunaga H, Hikima T, Sakai T. Silk Resin with Hydrated Dual Chemical-Physical Cross-Links Achieves High Strength and Toughness. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1937-1946. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Numata
- Enzyme
Research Team, Biomass Engineering Research Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nao Ifuku
- Enzyme
Research Team, Biomass Engineering Research Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Masunaga
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho,
Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hikima
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Takamasa Sakai
- Department
of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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23
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So CR, Scancella JM, Fears KP, Essock-Burns T, Haynes SE, Leary DH, Diana Z, Wang C, North S, Oh CS, Wang Z, Orihuela B, Rittschof D, Spillmann CM, Wahl KJ. Oxidase Activity of the Barnacle Adhesive Interface Involves Peroxide-Dependent Catechol Oxidase and Lysyl Oxidase Enzymes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:11493-11505. [PMID: 28273414 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidases are found to play a growing role in providing functional chemistry to marine adhesives for the permanent attachment of macrofouling organisms. Here, we demonstrate active peroxidase and lysyl oxidase enzymes in the adhesive layer of adult Amphibalanus amphitrite barnacles through live staining, proteomic analysis, and competitive enzyme assays on isolated cement. A novel full-length peroxinectin (AaPxt-1) secreted by barnacles is largely responsible for oxidizing phenolic chemistries; AaPxt-1 is driven by native hydrogen peroxide in the adhesive and oxidizes phenolic substrates typically preferred by phenoloxidases (POX) such as laccase and tyrosinase. A major cement protein component AaCP43 is found to contain ketone/aldehyde modifications via 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) derivatization, also called Brady's reagent, of cement proteins and immunoblotting with an anti-DNPH antibody. Our work outlines the landscape of molt-related oxidative pathways exposed to barnacle cement proteins, where ketone- and aldehyde-forming oxidases use peroxide intermediates to modify major cement components such as AaCP43.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Beatriz Orihuela
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University Marine Laboratory , Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, United States
| | - Dan Rittschof
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University Marine Laboratory , Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, United States
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24
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Abstract
Silk is a protein-based material which is predominantly produced by insects and spiders. Hundreds of millions of years of evolution have enabled these animals to utilize different, highly adapted silk types in a broad variety of applications. Silk occurs in several morphologies, such as sticky glue or in the shape of fibers and can, depending on the application by the respective animal, dissipate a high mechanical energy, resist heat and radiation, maintain functionality when submerged in water and withstand microbial settling. Hence, it's unsurprising that silk piqued human interest a long time ago, which catalyzed the domestication of silkworms for the production of silk to be used in textiles. Recently, scientific progress has enabled the development of analytic tools to gain profound insights into the characteristics of silk proteins. Based on these investigations, the biotechnological production of artificial and engineered silk has been accomplished, which allows the production of a sufficient amount of silk materials for several industrial applications. This chapter provides a review on the biotechnological production of various silk proteins from different species, as well as on the processing techniques to fabricate application-oriented material morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Lang
- Research Group Biopolymer Processing, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Heike Herold
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
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25
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So CR, Fears KP, Leary DH, Scancella JM, Wang Z, Liu JL, Orihuela B, Rittschof D, Spillmann CM, Wahl KJ. Sequence basis of Barnacle Cement Nanostructure is Defined by Proteins with Silk Homology. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36219. [PMID: 27824121 PMCID: PMC5099703 DOI: 10.1038/srep36219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Barnacles adhere by producing a mixture of cement proteins (CPs) that organize into a permanently bonded layer displayed as nanoscale fibers. These cement proteins share no homology with any other marine adhesives, and a common sequence-basis that defines how nanostructures function as adhesives remains undiscovered. Here we demonstrate that a significant unidentified portion of acorn barnacle cement is comprised of low complexity proteins; they are organized into repetitive sequence blocks and found to maintain homology to silk motifs. Proteomic analysis of aggregate bands from PAGE gels reveal an abundance of Gly/Ala/Ser/Thr repeats exemplified by a prominent, previously unidentified, 43 kDa protein in the solubilized adhesive. Low complexity regions found throughout the cement proteome, as well as multiple lysyl oxidases and peroxidases, establish homology with silk-associated materials such as fibroin, silk gum sericin, and pyriform spidroins from spider silk. Distinct primary structures defined by homologous domains shed light on how barnacles use low complexity in nanofibers to enable adhesion, and serves as a starting point for unraveling the molecular architecture of a robust and unique class of adhesive nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R So
- Chemistry Division, Code 6176, US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave, SW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kenan P Fears
- Chemistry Division, Code 6176, US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave, SW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dagmar H Leary
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave, SW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jenifer M Scancella
- Chemistry Division, Code 6176, US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave, SW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave, SW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jinny L Liu
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave, SW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Beatriz Orihuela
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University Marine Laboratory, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | - Dan Rittschof
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University Marine Laboratory, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | - Christopher M Spillmann
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave, SW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kathryn J Wahl
- Chemistry Division, Code 6176, US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave, SW, Washington, DC, USA
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26
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Partlow BP, Applegate MB, Omenetto FG, Kaplan DL. Dityrosine Cross-Linking in Designing Biomaterials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:2108-2121. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Partlow
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Matthew B. Applegate
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Fiorenzo G. Omenetto
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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27
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Partlow BP, Bagheri M, Harden JL, Kaplan DL. Tyrosine Templating in the Self-Assembly and Crystallization of Silk Fibroin. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3570-3579. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Partlow
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Mehran Bagheri
- Department
of Physics, University of Ottawa, 338L MacDonald Hall, 150 Louis Pasteur Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - James L. Harden
- Department
of Physics, University of Ottawa, 338L MacDonald Hall, 150 Louis Pasteur Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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28
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Rodrigues M, Ostermann T, Kremeser L, Lindner H, Beisel C, Berezikov E, Hobmayer B, Ladurner P. Profiling of adhesive-related genes in the freshwater cnidarian Hydra magnipapillata by transcriptomics and proteomics. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:1115-1129. [PMID: 27661452 PMCID: PMC5080974 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1233325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The differentiated ectodermal basal disc cells of the freshwater cnidarian Hydra secrete proteinaceous glue to temporarily attach themselves to underwater surfaces. Using transcriptome sequencing and a basal disc-specific RNA-seq combined with in situ hybridisation a highly specific set of candidate adhesive genes was identified. A de novo transcriptome assembly of 55,849 transcripts (>200 bp) was generated using paired-end and single reads from Illumina libraries constructed from different polyp conditions. Differential transcriptomics and spatial gene expression analysis by in situ hybridisation allowed the identification of 40 transcripts exclusively expressed in the ectodermal basal disc cells. Comparisons after mass spectrometry analysis of the adhesive secretion showed a total of 21 transcripts to be basal disc specific and eventually secreted through basal disc cells. This is the first study to survey adhesion-related genes in Hydra. The candidate list presented in this study provides a platform for unravelling the molecular mechanism of underwater adhesion of Hydra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Rodrigues
- Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Ostermann
- Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Leopold Kremeser
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Lindner
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Eugene Berezikov
- ERIBA, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Hobmayer
- Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Ladurner
- Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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29
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Wang CS, Pan H, Weerasekare GM, Stewart RJ. Peroxidase-catalysed interfacial adhesion of aquatic caddisworm silk. J R Soc Interface 2016; 12:rsif.2015.0710. [PMID: 26490632 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Casemaker caddisfly (Hesperophylax occidentalis) larvae use adhesive silk fibres to construct protective shelters under water. The silk comprises a distinct peripheral coating on a viscoelastic fibre core. Caddisworm silk peroxinectin (csPxt), a haem-peroxidase, was shown to be glycosylated by lectin affinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Using high-resolution H2O2 and peroxidase-dependent silver ion reduction and nanoparticle deposition, imaged by electron microscopy, csPxt activity was shown to be localized in the peripheral layer of drawn silk fibres. CsPxt catalyses dityrosine cross-linking within the adhesive peripheral layer post-draw, initiated perhaps by H2O2 generated by a silk gland-specific superoxide dismutase 3 (csSOD3) from environmental reactive oxygen species present in natural water. CsSOD3 was also shown to be a glycoprotein and is likely localized in the peripheral layer. Using a synthetic fluorescent phenolic copolymer and confocal microscopy, it was shown that csPxt catalyses oxidative cross-linking to external polyphenolic compounds capable of diffusive interpenetration into the fuzzy peripheral coating, including humic acid, a natural surface-active polyphenol. The results provide evidence of enzyme-mediated covalent cross-linking of a natural bioadhesive to polyphenol conditioned interfaces as a mechanism of permanent adhesion underwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Shuen Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Huaizhong Pan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Russell J Stewart
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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30
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31
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Bhagat V, O’Brien E, Zhou J, Becker ML. Caddisfly Inspired Phosphorylated Poly(ester urea)-Based Degradable Bone Adhesives. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3016-24. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vrushali Bhagat
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Emily O’Brien
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Jinjun Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Matthew L. Becker
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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32
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Metal–organic frameworks-derived synthesis of porous FeP nanocubes: An effective peroxidase mimetic. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 460:55-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Lane DD, Kaur S, Weerasakare GM, Stewart RJ. Toughened hydrogels inspired by aquatic caddisworm silk. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:6981-6990. [PMID: 26234366 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01297j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic caddisworm silk is a tough adhesive fiber. Part of the toughening mechanism resides in serial, Ca(2+)-phosphate crosslinked nano-domains that comprise H-fibroin, the major structural protein. To mimic the toughening mechanism, a synthetic phosphate-graft-methacrylate prepolymer, as a simple H-fibroin analog, was copolymerized within a covalent elastic network of polyacrylamide. Above a critical phosphate sidechain density, hydrogels equilibrated with Ca(2+) or Zn(2+) ions displayed greatly increased initial stiffness, strain-rate dependent yield behavior, and required 100 times more work to fracture than hydrogels equilibrated with Mg(2+) or Na(+) ions. Conceptually, the enhanced toughness is attributed to energy-dissipating, viscous unfolding of clustered phosphate-metal ion crosslinks at a critical stress. The toughness of the bioinspired hydrogels exceeds the toughness of cartilage and meniscus suggesting potential application as prosthetic biomaterials. The tough hydrogels also provide a simplified model to test hypotheses about caddisworm silk architecture, phosphate metal ion interactions, and mechanochemical toughening mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwight D Lane
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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34
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Molecular cloning, gene expression analysis, and recombinant protein expression of novel silk proteins from larvae of a retreat-maker caddisfly, Stenopsyche marmorata. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:814-9. [PMID: 26168724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Retreat-maker larvae of Stenopsyche marmorata, one of the major caddisfly species in Japan, produce silk threads and adhesives to build food capture nets and protective nests in water. Research on these underwater adhesive silk proteins potentially leads to the development of new functional biofiber materials. Recently, we identified four major S. marmorata silk proteins (Smsps), Smsp-1, Smsp-2, Smsp-3, and Smsp-4 from silk glands of S. marmorata larvae. In this study, we cloned full-length cDNAs of Smsp-2, Smsp-3, and Smsp-4 from the cDNA library of the S. marmorata silk glands to reveal the primary sequences of Smsps. Homology search results of the deduced amino acid sequences indicate that Smsp-2 and Smsp-4 are novel proteins. The Smsp-2 sequence [167 amino acids (aa)] has an array of GYD-rich repeat motifs and two (SX)4E motifs. The Smsp-4 sequence (132 aa) contains a number of GW-rich repeat motifs and three (SX)4E motifs. The Smsp-3 sequence (248 aa) exhibits high homology with fibroin light chain of other caddisflies. Gene expression analysis of Smsps by real-time PCR suggested that the gene expression of Smsp-1 and Smsp-3 was relatively stable throughout the year, whereas that of Smsp-2 and Smsp-4 varied seasonally. Furthermore, Smsps recombinant protein expression was successfully performed in Escherichia coli. The study provides new molecular insights into caddisfly aquatic silk and its potential for future applications.
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35
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Hatano T, Nagashima T. The secretion process of liquid silk with nanopillar structures from Stenopsyche marmorata (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae). Sci Rep 2015; 5:9237. [PMID: 25783626 PMCID: PMC4363863 DOI: 10.1038/srep09237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenopsyche marmorata larvae spin underwater adhesive silk for constructing nests and capture nets. The silk can be divided into fiber and adhesive regions, according to their function. The silk fiber region has a two-layer structure: a core layer situated at the center of the fiber and S. marmorata fibroin, the major component of the silk. In the anterior part of the anterior silk gland, the morphological characteristics suggest that the silk insolubilization leading to fibrillation occurs by luminal pH neutralization. The adhesive region is composed of three layers: the outermost (OM), B, and C layers. On the B layer, coated with the OM layer, numerous nano-order pillar structures (nanopillar structures) are located at regular intervals. A nanopillar structure is approximately 40 nm in diameter and 125 nm in length. The precursor materials of the nanopillar structure are electron-dense globules of approximately 25 nm in diameter that are located in the A layer of the lumen of the middle silk gland. The precursor globules autonomously connect to one another on the B layer when the liquid silk is transported to the lumen of the bulbous region. The nanopillar structures probably contribute to the strong underwater adhesion of S. marmorata silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Hatano
- Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
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36
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Ashton NN, Stewart RJ. Self-recovering caddisfly silk: energy dissipating, Ca(2+)-dependent, double dynamic network fibers. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:1667-1676. [PMID: 25525713 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02435d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Single fibers of the sticky underwater larval silk of the casemaker caddisfly (H. occidentalis) are viscoelastic, display large strain cycle hysteresis, and self-recover 99% of their initial stiffness and strength within 120 min. Mechanical response to cyclical strains suggested viscoelasticity is due to two independent, self-recovering Ca(2+)-crosslinked networks. The networks display distinct pH dependence. The first network is attributed to Ca(2+)-stabilized phosphoserine motifs in H-fibroin, the second to Ca(2+) complexed carboxylate groups in the N-terminus of H-fibroin and a PEVK-like protein. These assignments were corroborated by IR spectroscopy. The results are consolidated into a multi-network model in which reversible rupture of the Ca(2+)-crosslinked domains at a critical stress results in pseudo-plastic deformation. Slow refolding of the domains results in nearly full recovery of fiber length, stiffness, and strength. The fiber toughening, energy dissipation, and recovery mechanisms, are highly adaptive for the high energy aquatic environment of caddisfly larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas N Ashton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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37
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