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Sidorenko GV, Miroslavov AE, Tyupina MY. Technetium(I) carbonyl complexes for nuclear medicine: Coordination-chemical aspect. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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2
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Ćwikła JB, Roslan M, Skoneczna I, Kempińska-Wróbel M, Maurin M, Rogowski W, Janota B, Szarowicz A, Garnuszek P. Initial Experience of Clinical Use of [ 99mTc]Tc-PSMA-T4 in Patients with Prostate Cancer. A Pilot Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111107. [PMID: 34832889 PMCID: PMC8623387 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous different molecules of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligands are used to detect prostate cancer (PCa); most approaches utilize gallium PET and a few reports describe the role of SPECT/CT. [99mTc]Tc-PSMA-T4 is a new radiopharmaceutical designed for the diagnosis of patients with PCa. We conducted a single site, prospective, preliminary case series study that included 31 patients with PCa; all had undergone clinical, biochemical or imaging examination and exhibited clear or suspicious active disease or clinical/biochemical recurrence of PCa. Whole-body (WB) SPECT/CT after i.v. administration of [99mTc]Tc-PSMA-T4 was utilized; acquisition images were obtained at three time points. The clinical value of the images was assessed in regard to the evaluation of tumor extent in patients with confirmed PC that qualified for initial therapy and the evaluation of tumor recurrence; both provided encouraging results. The late acquisition of WB-SPECT resulted in better lesions delineation. The results of the analysis of the sensitivity/specificity were: 92%/100% in cases of primary cancer, 83%/100% in terms of pelvic lymph nodes disease, 100%/95% in other lymph nodes and soft tissue involvement, respectively, and bone mets were both 100%. An oncotropic SPECT [99mTc]Tc-PSMA-T4 can help in selecting a rational therapeutic strategy for a patient with an initial diagnosis of PCa by assessing the extent of cancer and also after complex radical or palliative therapy in case of biochemical recurrence for re-staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław B. Ćwikła
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 11-041 Olsztyn, Poland;
- Diagnostic and Therapy Center—Gammed, 02-351 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Marek Roslan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 11-041 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Iwona Skoneczna
- Department of Urology, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Urology, Maria Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Kempińska-Wróbel
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 11-041 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Michał Maurin
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400 Otwock, Poland; (M.M.); (B.J.); (P.G.)
| | - Wojciech Rogowski
- Department of Urology, Hospital Ministry of Internal Affairs, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Barbara Janota
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400 Otwock, Poland; (M.M.); (B.J.); (P.G.)
| | | | - Piotr Garnuszek
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400 Otwock, Poland; (M.M.); (B.J.); (P.G.)
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3
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Maina T, Thakur M. SPECT Radiochemistry. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Kyriazopoulos A, Alexiou AL, Miliotou A, Papadopoulou L, Hatzidimitriou A, Papagiannopoulou D. Effect of the triphenylphosphonium cation on the biological properties of new rhenium and technetium-99m fac-[M(CO)3(NSN)]±-type complexes: Synthesis, structural characterization, in vitro and in vivo studies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Gundogdu E, Demir ES, Özgenç E, Yeğen G, Aksu B. Applying Quality by Design Principles in the Development and Preparation of a New Radiopharmaceutical: Technetium-99m-Imatinib Mesylate. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:5297-5305. [PMID: 32201818 PMCID: PMC7081423 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The clinical impact and accessibility of 99mTc tracers for cancer diagnosis would be greatly enhanced by the availability of a new, simple, and easy labeling process and radiopharmaceuticals. In this study, Technetium-99m-imatinib mesylate ([99mTc]TcIMT) was developed and prepared as a new radiopharmaceutical for breast cancer diagnosis. The effect of critical process parameters on the product quality and stability of [99mTc]TcIMT was investigated using the quality by design concept of the ICH Q8 (Pharmaceutical Development) guideline. [99mTc]TcIMT was subjected to in vitro cell binding studies to determine healthy and cancer cell affinity using HaCaT and MCF-7 cells, respectively. The optimal radiolabeling procedure with 1 mg of IMT, 500 μg of stannous chloride, 0.1 mg of ascorbic acid, and 1mCi 99mTc radioactivity was obtained for [99mTc]TcIMT. The pH of the reaction mixture was adjusted to 10 and allowed to react for 15 min at room temperature. The radiochemical purity of [99mTc]TcIMT was found to be higher than 90% at room temperature up to 6 h. Chromatography analysis revealed >85% [99mTc]TcIMT complex formation with promising stability in saline, cell medium, and serum up to 6 h. The radiolabeled complex showed a higher cell-binding ratio to MCF-7 cells (88.90% ± 3.12) than HaCaT cells (45.64 ± 4.72) when compared to 99mTc. Our findings show that the developed preparation method for [99mTc]TcIMT falls well within the proven acceptable ranges. Applying quality by design (QbD) principles is feasible and worthwhile for the preparation of [99mTc]TcIMT. In conclusion, radiochemical purity, stability, and in vitro cell binding evaluation of the [99mTc]TcIMT complex indicate that the agent can be utilized for imaging of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evren Gundogdu
- Department
of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege
University, Bornova 35040, Izmir, Turkey
- E-mail: . Phone: 00902323112210. Fax: 00902323885258
| | - Emine Selin Demir
- Department
of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege
University, Bornova 35040, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emre Özgenç
- Department
of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege
University, Bornova 35040, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gizem Yeğen
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Esentepe 34217, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Buket Aksu
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Esentepe 34217, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Hensbergen A, van Willigen DM, van Beurden F, van Leeuwen PJ, Buckle T, Schottelius M, Maurer T, Wester HJ, van Leeuwen FWB. Image-Guided Surgery: Are We Getting the Most Out of Small-Molecule Prostate-Specific-Membrane-Antigen-Targeted Tracers? Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:375-395. [PMID: 31855410 PMCID: PMC7033908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Expressed on virtually all prostate cancers and their metastases, the transmembrane protein prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) provides a valuable target for the imaging of prostate cancer. Not only does PSMA provide a target for noninvasive diagnostic imaging, e.g., PSMA-positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET), it can also be used to guide surgical resections of PSMA-positive lesions. The latter characteristic has led to the development of a plethora of PSMA-targeted tracers, i.e., radiolabeled, fluorescent, or hybrid. With image-guided surgery applications in mind, this review discusses these compounds based on clinical need. Here, the focus is on the chemical aspects (e.g., imaging label, spacer moiety, and targeting vector) and their impact on in vitro and in vivo tracer characteristics (e.g., affinity, tumor uptake, and clearance pattern).
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertus
Wijnand Hensbergen
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danny M. van Willigen
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Florian van Beurden
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department
of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni
van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim J. van Leeuwen
- Department
of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni
van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department
of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni
van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margret Schottelius
- Translational
Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre
Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Maurer
- Department
of Urology and Martini-Klinik, Universitätsklinikum
Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Pharmazeutische
Radiochemie, Technische Universität
München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Fijs W. B. van Leeuwen
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department
of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni
van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Ermert J, Benešová M, Hugenberg V, Gupta V, Spahn I, Pietzsch HJ, Liolios C, Kopka K. Radiopharmaceutical Sciences. Clin Nucl Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Abstract
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is the state-of-the-art imaging modality in nuclear medicine despite the fact that only a few new SPECT tracers have become available in the past 20 years. Critical for the future success of SPECT is the design of new and specific tracers for the detection, localization, and staging of a disease and for monitoring therapy. The utility of SPECT imaging to address oncologic questions is dependent on radiotracers that ideally exhibit excellent tissue penetration, high affinity to the tumor-associated target structure, specific uptake and retention in the malignant lesions, and rapid clearance from non-targeted tissues and organs. In general, a target-specific SPECT radiopharmaceutical can be divided into two main parts: a targeting biomolecule (e.g., peptide, antibody fragment) and a γ-radiation-emitting radionuclide (e.g., 99mTc, 123I). If radiometals are used as the radiation source, a bifunctional chelator is needed to link the radioisotope to the targeting entity. In a rational SPECT tracer design, these single components have to be critically evaluated in order to achieve a balance among the demands for adequate target binding, and a rapid clearance of the radiotracer. The focus of this chapter is to depict recent developments of tumor-targeted SPECT radiotracers for imaging of cancer diseases. Possibilities for optimization of tracer design and potential causes for design failure are discussed and highlighted with selected examples.
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Zia NA, Cullinane C, Van Zuylekom JK, Waldeck K, McInnes LE, Buncic G, Haskali MB, Roselt PD, Hicks RJ, Donnelly PS. A Bivalent Inhibitor of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen Radiolabeled with Copper‐64 with High Tumor Uptake and Retention. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Zia
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute University of Melbourne Melbourne 3010 Vic. Australia
| | - Carleen Cullinane
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne Melbourne 3010 Vic. Australia
- Research Division Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia
| | | | - Kelly Waldeck
- Research Division Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia
| | - Lachlan E. McInnes
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute University of Melbourne Melbourne 3010 Vic. Australia
| | - Gojko Buncic
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute University of Melbourne Melbourne 3010 Vic. Australia
| | - Mohammad B. Haskali
- Centre for Cancer Imaging Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia
| | - Peter D. Roselt
- Centre for Cancer Imaging Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia
| | - Rodney J. Hicks
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne Melbourne 3010 Vic. Australia
- Research Division Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia
- Centre for Cancer Imaging Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia
| | - Paul S. Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute University of Melbourne Melbourne 3010 Vic. Australia
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Zia NA, Cullinane C, Van Zuylekom JK, Waldeck K, McInnes LE, Buncic G, Haskali MB, Roselt PD, Hicks RJ, Donnelly PS. A Bivalent Inhibitor of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen Radiolabeled with Copper‐64 with High Tumor Uptake and Retention. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14991-14994. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Zia
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute University of Melbourne Melbourne 3010 Vic. Australia
| | - Carleen Cullinane
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne Melbourne 3010 Vic. Australia
- Research Division Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia
| | | | - Kelly Waldeck
- Research Division Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia
| | - Lachlan E. McInnes
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute University of Melbourne Melbourne 3010 Vic. Australia
| | - Gojko Buncic
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute University of Melbourne Melbourne 3010 Vic. Australia
| | - Mohammad B. Haskali
- Centre for Cancer Imaging Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia
| | - Peter D. Roselt
- Centre for Cancer Imaging Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia
| | - Rodney J. Hicks
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne Melbourne 3010 Vic. Australia
- Research Division Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia
- Centre for Cancer Imaging Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia
| | - Paul S. Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute University of Melbourne Melbourne 3010 Vic. Australia
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11
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Frei A, Spingler B, Alberto R. Multifunctional Cyclopentadienes as a Scaffold for Combinatorial Bioorganometallics in [(η 5 -C 5 H 2 R 1 R 2 R 3 )M(CO) 3 ] (M=Re, 99m Tc) Piano-Stool Complexes. Chemistry 2018; 24:10156-10164. [PMID: 29672955 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional cyclopentadiene (Cp) ligands and their rhenium and 99m Tc complexes were prepared by a versatile synthetic route. The properties of these Cp ligands can be tuned on demand, either during their synthesis (variation of R1 ) or through post-synthetic functionalization with two equal or different vectors (V1 and V2 ). Variation of these groups enables a combinatorial approach in the synthesis of bioorganometallic complexes. This is demonstrated by the preparation of Cp ligands containing both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups at the R1 position and their subsequent homo- or heterofunctionalization with biovector models (benzylamine and phenylalanine) under standard amide bond-formation conditions. All ligands can be coordinated to the fac-[Re(CO)3 ]+ and fac-[99m Tc(CO)3 ]+ cores to give tetrafunctional complexes in straightforward and functional-group-tolerant procedures. The 99m Tc complexes were prepared in one step, in 30 min, and under aqueous conditions from generator-eluted [99m TcO4 ]- .
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Frei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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Läppchen T, Kiefer Y, Holland JP, Bartholomä MD. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the bifunctional chelator NODIA-Me in combination with a prostate-specific membrane antigen targeting vector. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 60:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Kratochwil C, Afshar-Oromieh A, Kopka K, Haberkorn U, Giesel FL. Current Status of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Targeting in Nuclear Medicine: Clinical Translation of Chelator Containing Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Ligands Into Diagnostics and Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Semin Nucl Med 2017; 46:405-18. [PMID: 27553466 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is expressed by approximately 90% of prostate carcinomas. The expression correlates with unfavorable prognostic factors, such as a high Gleason score, infiltrative growth, metastasis, and hormone-independence. The high specificity, especially in the undifferentiated stage, makes it an excellent target for diagnosis and therapy. Therefore, antibodies and small molecule inhibitors have been developed for imaging and therapy. In 2011 PSMA-11, a ligand that consists of the Glu-urea-motif and the chelator HBED-CC, which can be exclusively radiolabeled with (68)Ga for PET imaging, presented the clinical breakthrough for prostate cancer diagnostics. In two large diagnostic studies (n = 319 and n = 248) PET/CT with PSMA-11 successfully localized the recurrent tumor in approximately 90% of patients with biochemical relapse. Integrating PSMA-PET/CT into the planning phase of radiotherapy, the treatment concept is changed in 30%-50% of the patients. The combination of the Glu-urea-motif with DOTA, which can be labeled with several diagnostic and therapeutic radionuclides, opened new avenues for therapeutic usage of the small-molecule PSMA ligands. In the beginning of 2016, there are four confirmative reports (n = 19, n = 24, n = 30, and n = 56) from four different centers reporting a PSA response in approximately 70% of patients treated with (177)Lu-labeled PSMA ligands. In conclusion, the data available up to now indicate a widespread use of PSMA ligands for diagnostic applications with respect to staging, detection of recurrence, or metastases in patients with rising tumor markers and for therapy in case of failure of guideline-compliant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Kratochwil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ali Afshar-Oromieh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine (E060), German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine (E060), German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Frederik L Giesel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Xu X, Zhang J, Hu S, He S, Bao X, Ma G, Luo J, Cheng J, Zhang Y. 99mTc-labeling and evaluation of a HYNIC modified small-molecular inhibitor of prostate-specific membrane antigen. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 48:69-75. [PMID: 28273495 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a well-established target in the development of radiopharmaceuticals for the diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we evaluated a novel 99mTc-labeled small molecular inhibitor of PSMA. METHODS This new small-molecular inhibitor of PSMA, 6-hydrazinonicotinate-Aminocaproic acid-Lysine-Urea-Glutamate (HYNIC-ALUG) was radiolabeled by 99mTc and was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo using PCa models (PC-3 and LNCaP). Radiation dosimetry was assessed in mice. RESULTS 99mTc-HYNIC-ALUG showed excellent stability in different media. A cell assay preliminarily displayed its specificity for PSMA. The inhibitor showed good pharmacokinetics making it suitable for in vivo imaging. PC-3-derived tumors showed no obvious radioactive uptake; however, the LNCaP-derived tumors showed very high radioactive uptake which was significantly decreased by the selective PSMA inhibitor 2-PMPA. Biodistribution in LNCaP xenografts showed an optimum tumor-to-blood ratio of 24.23±3.54 at 2h. Tumor uptake was also decreased in the inhibition experiment with 2-PMPA (19.45±2.14%ID/g versus 1.42±0.15%ID/g at 2h). The effective dose of the 99mTc-HYNIC-ALUG was 8.4E-04mSv/MBq. CONCLUSIONS A new 99mTc-labeled PSMA inhibitor with specific accumulation in PSMA-positive tumors and low background in other organs was synthesized. The radiopharmaceutical also showed very low radiation dosimetry. This agent may significantly improve the diagnosis, staging, and subsequent monitoring of therapeutic effects in PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Silong Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Simin He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao Bao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianmin Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingyi Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingjian Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
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15
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A 99mTc-Labelled Tetrazine for Bioorthogonal Chemistry. Synthesis and Biodistribution Studies with Small Molecule trans-Cyclooctene Derivatives. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167425. [PMID: 27936007 PMCID: PMC5147877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient strategy to radiolabel a hydrazinonicotonic acid (HYNIC)-derived tetrazine with 99mTc was developed, and its utility for creating probes to image bone metabolism and bacterial infection using both active and pretargeting strategies was demonstrated. The 99mTc-labelled HYNIC-tetrazine was synthesized in 75% yield and exhibited high stability in vitro and in vivo. A trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-labelled bisphosphonate (TCO-BP) that binds to regions of active calcium metabolism was used to evaluate the utility of the labelled tetrazine for bioorthogonal chemistry. The pretargeting approach, with 99mTc-HYNIC-tetrazine administered to mice one hour after TCO-BP, showed significant uptake of radioactivity in regions of active bone metabolism (knees and shoulders) at 6 hours post-injection. For comparison, TCO-BP was reacted with 99mTc-HYNIC-tetrazine before injection and this active targeting also showed high specific uptake in the knees and shoulders, whereas control 99mTc-HYNIC-tetrazine alone did not. A TCO-vancomycin derivative was similarly employed for targeting Staphylococcus aureus infection in vitro and in vivo. Pretargeting and active targeting strategies showed 2.5- and 3-fold uptake, respectively, at the sites of a calf-muscle infection in a murine model, compared to the contralateral control muscle. These results demonstrate the utility of the 99mTc-HYNIC-tetrazine for preparing new technetium radiopharmaceuticals, including those based on small molecule targeting constructs containing TCO, using either active or pretargeting strategies.
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Robu S, Schottelius M, Eiber M, Maurer T, Gschwend J, Schwaiger M, Wester HJ. Preclinical Evaluation and First Patient Application of 99mTc-PSMA-I&S for SPECT Imaging and Radioguided Surgery in Prostate Cancer. J Nucl Med 2016; 58:235-242. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.178939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Benešová M, Bauder-Wüst U, Schäfer M, Klika KD, Mier W, Haberkorn U, Kopka K, Eder M. Linker Modification Strategies To Control the Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA)-Targeting and Pharmacokinetic Properties of DOTA-Conjugated PSMA Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2016; 59:1761-75. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Benešová
- Division
of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bauder-Wüst
- Division
of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schäfer
- Division
of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karel D. Klika
- Molecular
Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Mier
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical
Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Division
of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Eder
- Division
of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Vallabhajosula S, Nikolopoulou A, Babich JW, Osborne JR, Tagawa ST, Lipai I, Solnes L, Maresca KP, Armor T, Joyal JL, Crummet R, Stubbs JB, Goldsmith SJ. 99mTc-labeled small-molecule inhibitors of prostate-specific membrane antigen: pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies in healthy subjects and patients with metastatic prostate cancer. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1791-8. [PMID: 25342385 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.140426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a well-established target for developing radiopharmaceuticals for imaging and therapy of prostate cancer (PCa). We have recently reported that novel (99m)Tc-labeled small-molecule PSMA inhibitors bind with high affinity to PSMA-positive tumor cells in vitro and localize in PCa xenografts. This study reports the first, to our knowledge, human data in men with metastatic PCa and in healthy male subjects. METHODS Under an exploratory investigational new drug, using a cross-over design, we compared the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and tumor uptake of (99m)Tc-MIP-1404 and (99m)Tc-MIP-1405 in 6 healthy men and 6 men with radiographic evidence of metastatic PCa. Whole-body images were obtained at 10 min and 1, 2, 4, and 24 h. SPECT was performed between 3 and 4 h after injection. RESULTS Both agents cleared the blood rapidly, with MIP-1404 demonstrating significantly lower urinary activity (7%) than MIP-1405 (26%). Both agents showed persistent uptake in the salivary, lacrimal, and parotid glands. Uptake in the liver and kidney was acceptable for imaging at 1-2 h. In men with PCa, both agents rapidly localized in bone and lymph node lesions as early as 1 h. SPECT demonstrated excellent lesion contrast. Good correlation was seen with bone scanning; however, more lesions were demonstrated with (99m)Tc-MIP-1404 and (99m)Tc-MIP-1405. The high-contrast images exhibited tumor-to-background ratios from 3:1 to 9:1 at 4 and 20 h. CONCLUSION Compared with the standard-of-care bone scanning, (99m)Tc-MIP-1404 and (99m)Tc-MIP-1405 identified most bone metastatic lesions and rapidly detected soft-tissue PCa lesions including subcentimeter lymph nodes. Because (99m)Tc-MIP-1404 has minimal activity in the bladder, further work is planned to correlate imaging findings with histopathology in patients with high-risk metastatic PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John W Babich
- Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Joseph R Osborne
- New York Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Scott T Tagawa
- New York Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Irina Lipai
- New York Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Lilja Solnes
- New York Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Kevin P Maresca
- Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Thomas Armor
- Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - John L Joyal
- Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Robert Crummet
- Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | | | - Stanley J Goldsmith
- New York Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Banerjee SR, Pullambhatla M, Foss CA, Nimmagadda S, Ferdani R, Anderson CJ, Mease RC, Pomper MG. ⁶⁴Cu-labeled inhibitors of prostate-specific membrane antigen for PET imaging of prostate cancer. J Med Chem 2014; 57:2657-69. [PMID: 24533799 PMCID: PMC3983358 DOI: 10.1021/jm401921j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a well-recognized target for identification and therapy of a variety of cancers. Here we report five (64)Cu-labeled inhibitors of PSMA, [(64)Cu]3-7, which are based on the lysine-glutamate urea scaffold and utilize a variety of macrocyclic chelators, namely NOTA(3), PCTA(4), Oxo-DO3A(5), CB-TE2A(6), and DOTA(7), in an effort to determine which provides the most suitable pharmacokinetics for in vivo PET imaging. [(64)Cu]3-7 were prepared in high radiochemical yield (60-90%) and purity (>95%). Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies of [(64)Cu]3-7 revealed specific accumulation in PSMA-expressing xenografts (PSMA+ PC3 PIP) relative to isogenic control tumor (PSMA- PC3 flu) and background tissue. The favorable kinetics and high image contrast provided by CB-TE2A chelated [(64)Cu]6 suggest it as the most promising among the candidates tested. That could be due to the higher stability of [(64)Cu]CB-TE2A as compared with [(64)Cu]NOTA, [(64)Cu]PCTA, [(64)Cu]Oxo-DO3A, and [(64)Cu]DOTA chelates in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Ray Banerjee
- Russell
H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Mrudula Pullambhatla
- Russell
H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Catherine A. Foss
- Russell
H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- Russell
H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Riccardo Ferdani
- Department
of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical
Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Carolyn J. Anderson
- Department
of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical
Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Ronnie C. Mease
- Russell
H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- Russell
H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
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Kasten BB, Ma X, Liu H, Hayes TR, Barnes CL, Qi S, Cheng K, Bottorff SC, Slocumb WS, Wang J, Cheng Z, Benny PD. Clickable, hydrophilic ligand for fac-[M(I)(CO)3](+) (M = Re/(99m)Tc) applied in an S-functionalized α-MSH peptide. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:579-92. [PMID: 24568284 PMCID: PMC3983144 DOI: 10.1021/bc5000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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The copper(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne
cycloaddition (CuAAC)
click reaction was used to incorporate alkyne-functionalized dipicolylamine
(DPA) ligands (1 and 3) for fac-[MI(CO)3]+ (M = Re/99mTc) complexation into an α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)
peptide analogue. A novel DPA ligand with carboxylate substitutions
on the pyridyl rings (3) was designed to increase the
hydrophilicity and to decrease in vivo hepatobiliary retention of fac-[99mTcI(CO)3]+ complexes used in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
imaging studies with targeting biomolecules. The fac-[ReI(CO)3(3)] complex (4) was used for chemical characterization and X-ray crystal
analysis prior to radiolabeling studies between 3 and fac-[99mTcI(OH2)3(CO)3]+. The corresponding 99mTc
complex (4a) was obtained in high radiochemical yields,
was stable in vitro for 24 h during amino acid challenge and serum
stability assays, and showed increased hydrophilicity by log P analysis compared to an analogous complex with nonfunctionalized
pyridine rings (2a). An α-MSH peptide functionalized
with an azide was labeled with fac-[MI(CO)3]+ using both click, then chelate (CuAAC reaction with 1 or 3 followed by
metal complexation) and chelate, then click (metal
complexation of 1 and 3 followed by CuAAC
with the peptide) strategies to assess the effects of CuAAC conditions
on fac-[MI(CO)3]+ complexation within a peptide framework. The peptides from the click, then chelate strategy had different HPLC tR’s and in vitro stabilities compared
to those from the chelate, then click strategy, suggesting
nonspecific coordination of fac-[MI(CO)3]+ using this synthetic route. The fac-[MI(CO)3]+-complexed peptides from
the chelate, then click strategy showed >90% stability
during in vitro challenge conditions for 6 h, demonstrated high affinity
and specificity for the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) in IC50 analyses, and led to moderately high uptake in B16F10 melanoma cells.
Log P analysis of the 99mTc-labeled peptides
confirmed the enhanced hydrophilicity of the peptide bearing the novel,
carboxylate-functionalized DPA chelate (10a′)
compared to the peptide with the unmodified DPA chelate (9a′). In vivo biodistribution analysis of 9a′ and 10a′ showed moderate tumor uptake in a B16F10 melanoma
xenograft mouse model with enhanced renal uptake and surprising intestinal
uptake for 10a′ compared to predominantly hepatic
accumulation for 9a′. These results, coupled with
the versatility of CuAAC, suggests this novel, hydrophilic chelate
can be incorporated into numerous biomolecules containing azides for
generating targeted fac-[MI(CO)3]+ complexes in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Kasten
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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Jürgens S, Herrmann WA, Kühn FE. Rhenium and technetium based radiopharmaceuticals: Development and recent advances. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Eckelman WC, Jones AG, Duatti A, Reba RC. Progress using Tc-99m radiopharmaceuticals for measuring high capacity sites and low density sites. Drug Discov Today 2013; 18:984-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ray Banerjee S, Pullambhatla M, Foss CA, Falk A, Byun Y, Nimmagadda S, Mease RC, Pomper MG. Effect of chelators on the pharmacokinetics of (99m)Tc-labeled imaging agents for the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). J Med Chem 2013; 56:6108-21. [PMID: 23799782 DOI: 10.1021/jm400823w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Technetium-99m, the most commonly used radionuclide in nuclear medicine, can be attached to biologically important molecules through a variety of chelating agents, the choice of which depends upon the imaging application. The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is increasingly recognized as an important target for imaging and therapy of prostate cancer (PCa). Three different (99m)Tc-labeling methods were employed to investigate the effect of the chelator on the biodistribution and PCa tumor uptake profiles of 12 new urea-based PSMA-targeted radiotracers. This series includes hydrophilic ligands for radiolabeling with the [(99m)Tc(CO)3](+) core (L8-L10), traditional NxSy-based chelating agents with varying charge and polarity for the (99m)Tc-oxo core (L11-L18), and a (99m)Tc-organohydrazine-labeled radioligand (L19). (99m)Tc(I)-Tricarbonyl-labeled [(99m)Tc]L8 produced the highest PSMA+ PC3 PIP to PSMA- PC3 flu tumor ratios and demonstrated the lowest retention in normal tissues including kidney after 2 h. These results suggest that choice of chelator is an important pharmacokinetic consideration in the development of (99m)Tc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals targeting PSMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Ray Banerjee
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Hillier SM, Maresca KP, Lu G, Merkin RD, Marquis JC, Zimmerman CN, Eckelman WC, Joyal JL, Babich JW. 99mTc-Labeled Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen for Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:1369-76. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.116624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Lu G, Hillier SM, Maresca KP, Zimmerman CN, Eckelman WC, Joyal JL, Babich JW. Synthesis and SAR of novel Re/99mTc-labeled benzenesulfonamide carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors for molecular imaging of tumor hypoxia. J Med Chem 2013; 56:510-20. [PMID: 23234246 DOI: 10.1021/jm3015348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX) is upregulated in cancer in response to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, making it an attractive molecular target for the detection of hypoxic solid tumors. A series of small molecule benzenesulfonamide based CA-IX inhibitors containing novel tridentate chelates complexed with the M(CO)(3) core (M = Re or (99m)Tc) were designed and synthesized. The in vitro binding affinity of the benzenesulfonamide rhenium complexes yielded IC(50) values ranging from 3 to 116 nM in hypoxic CA-IX expressing HeLa cells. One of the most potent compounds, 3d (IC(50) = 9 nM), was radiolabeled with technetium tricarbonyl ({(99m)Tc(CO)(3)}(+)) to afford the {(99m)Tc(CO)(3)}(+) complex in excellent yield and high purity. (99m)Tc(CO)(3)-3d bound specifically to CA-IX expressing hypoxic HeLa cells. This effort led to the identification of a diverse series of promising high affinity {(99m)Tc(CO)(3)}(+) radiolabeled CA-IX inhibitors with the potential to significantly impact diagnosis, staging, and treatment selection of hypoxic solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genliang Lu
- Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 160 Second Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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