1
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Schmid P, Bitschnau B, Finšgar M, Letofsky-Papst I, Rattenberger J, Saf R, Uhlig F, Torvisco A. Characterization of Germanium Nanoparticles from Arylgermanium Trihydrides. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401382. [PMID: 38805349 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Germanium is a promising basis for nanomaterials due to its low toxicity and valuable optical and electronic properties. However, germanium nanomaterials have seen little research compared to other group 14 elements due to unpredictable chemical behavior and high costs. Here, we report the dehydrocoupling of o-tolylgermanium trihydride to amorphous nanoparticles. The reaction is facilitated through reflux at 162 °C and can be accelerated with an amine base catalyst. Through cleavage of both H2 and toluene, new Ge-Ge bonds form. This results in nanoparticles consisting of crosslinked germanium with o-tolyl termination. The particles are 2-6 nm in size and have masses above approximately 3500 Da. The organic substituents are promising for further functionalization. Combined with strong absorption up to 600 nm and moderate solubility and air stability, there are numerous possibilities for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schmid
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Brigitte Bitschnau
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/I, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Ilse Letofsky-Papst
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis and Center for Electron Microscopy, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Steyrergasse 17, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Rattenberger
- Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy (ZFE), Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Robert Saf
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Frank Uhlig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Ana Torvisco
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
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2
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Zaitsev KV, Veshchitsky GA, Oprunenko YF, Kharcheva AV, Moiseeva AA, Gloriozov IP, Lermontova EK. 1,2-Bis(triazolyl)tetraphenyldigermanes: Synthesis, Structure and Properties. Chem Asian J 2023:e202300753. [PMID: 37886881 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Using the [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of [HC≡C-GePh2 -]2 (1) and a number of RCH2 N3 , this work described the synthesis of a series of novel heterocyclic digermanes, bitriazoles [1,4-C2 HN3 (CH2 R)GePh2 -]2 , 2-12 (R=Ph, p-Tol, p-C6 H4 NMe2 , p-C6 H4 OMe, p-C6 H4 Br, m-C6 H4 NO2 , 2-Naphth, CH2 -p-OC6 H4 CHO, CH2 -p-OC6 H4 COOMe, CH2 P(O)(OEt)2 , COOEt), difficult to produce by other methods. The structural peculiarities of these compounds were studied in detail by NMR spectroscopy and by XRD analysis (for 6, 9 and 10). The properties of 1-12 were studied by UV/vis and luminescence emission spectroscopy, electrochemistry and DFT calculations, indicating an effective conjugation in their molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Zaitsev
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gleb A Veshchitsky
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri F Oprunenko
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Kharcheva
- Department of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 2, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Moiseeva
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor P Gloriozov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elmira Kh Lermontova
- N.S. Kurnakov General and Inorganic Chemistry Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii prospect, 31, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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3
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Takeuchi T, Roy A, Ito H. Iterative Synthesis of Oligosilanes Using Methoxyphenyl- or Hydrogen-Substituted Silylboronates as Building Blocks: A General Synthetic Method for Complex Oligosilanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37436952 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Organosilanes have attracted the attention of researchers for more than 150 years due to their unique properties, and they have become indispensable industrial assets. However, many synthesized oligosilanes with multiple Si-Si bonds are relatively simple, i.e., they often only contain a single repeating unit. More laborious customized synthetic routes can lead to more complex oligosilanes, but compared to carbon-based molecules, their structural diversity remains limited. The development of effective and practical synthetic routes to complex oligosilanes that contain mixed substituents constitutes a long-standing challenge. Here, we describe an iterative synthesis of oligosilanes using methoxyphenyl- or hydrogen-substituted silylboronates, which were obtained via transition-metal-catalyzed Si-H borylation reactions. The first key reaction is a cross-Si-Si bond-forming reaction between chloro(oligo)silanes and silylboronates activated by MeLi. The second key reaction is the selective chlorination of the methoxyphenyl group or the hydrogen atom at the terminal of the oligosilanes. Iteration of these two key reactions enables the synthesis of various oligosilanes that are otherwise difficult to access. As a demonstration of the synthetic utility of this iterative synthetic approach, oligosilanes with different sequences were prepared by simply changing the order of the reaction of four different silicon units. Furthermore, a bespoke tree-shaped oligosilane is easily obtained via the present iterative synthesis. The solid-state structures of several of these oligosilanes were unequivocally determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Takeuchi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Avijit Roy
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
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4
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Zaitsev KV, Poleshchuk OK, Churakov AV. Oligoorganogermanes: Interplay between Aryl and Trimethylsilyl Substituents. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072147. [PMID: 35408545 PMCID: PMC9000802 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of main group elements containing element-element bonds are characterized by unique properties due to σ-conjugation, which is an attractive subject for investigation. A novel series of digermanes, Ar3Ge-Ge(SiMe3)3, containing aryl (Ar = p-C6H4Me (1), p-C6H4F (2), C6F5 (3)) and trimethylsilyl substituents, was synthesized by the reaction of germyl potassium salt, [(Me3Si)3GeK*THF], with triarylchlorogermanes, Ar3GeCl. The optical and electronic properties of such substituted oligoorganogermanes were investigated spectroscopically by UV/vis absorption spectroscopy and theoretically by DFT calculations. The molecular structures of compounds 1 and 2 were studied by XRD analysis. Conjugation between all structural fragments (Ge-Ge, Ge-Si, Ge-Ar, where Ar is an electron-donating or withdrawing group) was found to affect the properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Zaitsev
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospekt 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-495-939-3887
| | - Oleg Kh. Poleshchuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenin Avenue 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
- Department of Chemistry, Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Kievskaya Street 60, 634061 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Churakov
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospekt 31, 117901 Moscow, Russia;
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5
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Zaitsev KV, Oprunenko YF. Reaction of Substituted Group 14 Element Potassium Salts with 1-(Chloromethyl)silatrane: Substitution or Rearrangement? RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221120057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Kunkel C, Bolte M, Lerner HW, Albert P, Wagner M. Subvalent mixed Si xGe y oligomers: (Cl 3Si) 4Ge and Cl 2(Me 2EtN)SiGe(SiCl 3) 2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12028-12031. [PMID: 34714311 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05604b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(Cl3Si)4Ge (1; 91%) is accessible from GeCl4, the Si2Cl6/[nBu4N]Cl silylation system, and excess SiCl4. A key intermediate step involves Cl- sequestration with AlCl3 in the course of the reaction between the first-formed germanide [(Cl3Si)3Ge]- and SiCl4. The related adduct Cl2(Me2EtN)SiGe(SiCl3)2 (2; quantitative conversion) was prepared either by amine-induced cleavage of 1 or by a bottom-up synthesis starting from GeCl4 and Si2Cl6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Kunkel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Philipp Albert
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Smart Materials, Untere Kanalstraße 3, 79618 Rheinfelden, Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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7
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Poitiers NE, Giarrana L, Leszczyńska KI, Huch V, Zimmer M, Scheschkewitz D. Indirekte und direkte Anknüpfung von Übergangsmetallen an Silicoide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine E. Poitiers
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Luisa Giarrana
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Kinga I. Leszczyńska
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
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8
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Poitiers NE, Giarrana L, Leszczyńska KI, Huch V, Zimmer M, Scheschkewitz D. Indirect and Direct Grafting of Transition Metals to Siliconoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8532-8536. [PMID: 32092221 PMCID: PMC7317502 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Unsaturated charge‐neutral silicon clusters (siliconoids) are important as gas‐phase intermediates between molecules and the elemental bulk. With stable zirconocene‐ and hafnocene‐substituted derivatives, we here report the first examples containing directly bonded transition‐metal fragments that are readily accessible from the ligato‐lithiated Si6 siliconoid (1Li) and Cp2MCl2 (M=Zr, Hf). Charge‐neutral siliconoid ligands with pending tetrylene functionality were prepared by the reaction of amidinato chloro tetrylenes [PhC(NtBu)2]ECl (E=Si, Ge, Sn) with 1Li, thus confirming the principal compatibility of such low‐valent functionalities with the unsaturated Si6 cluster scaffold. The pronounced donor properties of the tetrylene/siliconoid hybrids allow for their coordination to the Fe(CO)4 fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine E Poitiers
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Luisa Giarrana
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Kinga I Leszczyńska
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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9
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Teichmann J, Kunkel C, Georg I, Moxter M, Santowski T, Bolte M, Lerner H, Bade S, Wagner M. Tris(trichlorosilyl)tetrelide Anions and a Comparative Study of Their Donor Qualities. Chemistry 2019; 25:2740-2744. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Teichmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Chantal Kunkel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Isabelle Georg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Maximilian Moxter
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Tobias Santowski
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Hans‐Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Stefan Bade
- Evonik Resource Efficiency GmbH Untere Kanalstrasse 3 79618 Rheinfelden Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
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10
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Garner MH, Koerstz M, Jensen JH, Solomon GC. The Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane Motif: A Class of Saturated Group 14 Quantum Interference Based Single-Molecule Insulators. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6941-6947. [PMID: 30484655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The electronic transmission through σ-conjugated molecules can be fully suppressed by destructive quantum interference, which makes them potential candidates for single-molecule insulators. The first molecule with clear suppression of the single-molecule conductance due to σ-interference was recently found in the form of a functionalized bicyclo[2.2.2]octasilane. Here we continue the search for potential single-molecule insulators based on saturated group 14 molecules. Using a high-throughput screening approach, we assess the electron transport properties of the bicyclo[2.2.2]octane class by systematically varying the constituent atoms between carbon, silicon, and germanium, thus exploring the full chemical space of 771 different molecules. The majority of the molecules in the bicyclo[2.2.2]octane class are found to be highly insulating molecules. Though the all-silicon molecule is a clear-cut case of σ-interference, it is not unique within its class and there are many potential molecules that we predict to be more insulating. The finding of this class of quantum interference based single-molecule insulators indicates that a broad range of highly insulating saturated group 14 molecules are likely to exist.
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11
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12
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Hayatifar A, Shumaker FA, Komanduri SP, Hallenbeck SA, Rheingold AL, Weinert CS. Synthesis of the Elusive Branched Fluoro-oligogermane (Ph3Ge)3GeF: A Structural, Spectroscopic, Electrochemical, and Computational Study. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Hayatifar
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - F. Alexander Shumaker
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Sangeetha P. Komanduri
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Sydney A. Hallenbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Charles S. Weinert
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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13
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Zaitsev KV, Lam K, Poleshchuk OK, Kuz'mina LG, Churakov AV. Oligothienyl catenated germanes and silanes: synthesis, structure, and properties. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:5431-5444. [PMID: 29594275 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00256h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of two new groups of oligothienyl catenated silanes and germanes, Me5M2Thn (1a-b), Me5M2ThnM2Me5 (2a-c) (terminal), and ThnM2Me4Thn (3a-d) (internal) (M = Si, Ge; n = 2, 3; Th = 2- or 2,5-thienyl), is reported. The study of their structural parameters as well as of their spectral (NMR), electrochemical (CV) and optical (UV/vis absorbance, luminescence) properties has been performed in detail; in addition, the unexpected compound [Th2Si2Me4Th]2 (3a') is also studied. Theoretical investigations have been performed for model compounds in order to establish structure-property relationships. The molecular structures of 2a (Me5Si2Th2Si2Me5), 2b (Me5Ge2Th2Ge2Me5), 3a (Th2Si2Me4Th2) and 3b (Th2Ge2Me4Th2) have been investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. An effective conjugation with flattening of both Th planes in terminal 2a and 2b was observed. The main trends in the dependence of the optical and electrochemical properties on the structural parameters have been established. All of the compounds studied exhibit a strong emission within the 378-563 nm range, and the maximal quantum yield (up to 77%) is observed for the Si derivative 3a'. For the majority of the compounds, the quantum yields (20-30%) are significantly larger than for 2,2'-bi- and 2,2':5',5''-terthiophenes. Due to their good emission properties, these compounds could be used to develop new materials with specific spectral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Zaitsev
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, 3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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14
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Stella F, Marschner C, Baumgartner J. Incorporating Methyl and Phenyl Substituted Stannylene Units into Oligosilanes. The Influence on Optical Absorption Properties. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122212. [PMID: 29231894 PMCID: PMC6149905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecules containing catenated heavy group 14 atoms are known to exhibit the interesting property of σ-bond electron delocalization. While this is well studied for oligo- and polysilanes the current paper addresses the UV-absorption properties of small tin containing oligosilanes in order to evaluate the effects of Sn–Si and Sn–Sn bonds as well as the results of substituent exchange from methyl to phenyl groups. The new stannasilanes were compared to previously investigated oligosilanes of equal chain lengths and substituent pattern. Replacing the central SiMe2 group in a pentasilane by a SnMe2 unit caused a bathochromic shift of the low-energy band (λmax = 260 nm) of 14 nm in the UV spectrum. If, instead of a SnMe2, a SnPh2 unit is incorporated, the bathochromic shift of 33 nm is substantially larger. Keeping the SnMe2 unit and replacing the two central silicon with tin atoms causes shift of the respective band (λ = 286 nm) some 26 nm to the red. A similar approach for hexasilanes where the model oligosilane [(Me3Si)3Si]2(SiMe2)2 (λmax = 253 nm) was modified in a way that the central tetramethyldisilanylene unit was exchanged for a tetraphenyldistannanylene caused a 50 nm bathochromic shift to a low-energy band with λmax = 303 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Stella
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institute for Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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15
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Komanduri SP, Shumaker FA, Hallenbeck SA, Knight CJ, Yoder CH, Buckwalter BA, Dufresne CP, Fernandez EJ, Kaffel CA, Nazareno RE, Neu M, Reeves G, Rivard JT, Shackelford LJ, Weinert CS. Structure/property relationships in branched oligogermanes. Preparation of (Me3Ge)3GePh, (Me2Bu Ge)3GePh, and (Me2PhGe)3GePh and investigation of their properties by spectroscopic, spectrometric and electrochemical methods. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Radebner J, Leypold M, Eibel A, Maier J, Schuh L, Torvisco A, Fischer R, Moszner N, Gescheidt G, Stueger H, Haas M. Synthesis, Spectroscopic Behavior, and Photoinduced Reactivity of Tetraacylgermanes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Norbert Moszner
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstraße
2, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
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17
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Zaitsev KV, Tafeenko VA, Oprunenko YF, Kharcheva AV, Zhanabil Z, Suleimen Y, Lam K, Zaitsev VB, Zaitseva AV, Zaitseva GS, Karlov SS. Molecular Oligogermanes and Related Compounds: Structure, Optical and Semiconductor Properties. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:1240-1249. [PMID: 28165676 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The optical (UV/Vis absorbance, fluorescence in the solid state and in solution) and semiconducting properties of a number of di- and trigermanes as well as related silicon- and tin-containing germanes, 1-6 ((p-Tol)3 GeGeMe3 (1), Ph3 SnGe(SiMe3 )3 (2), (C6 F5 )3 GeGePh3 (3), (p-Tol)3 GeSiMe2 SiMe3 (4), (p-Tol)3 GeGeMe2 Ge(p-Tol)3 (5), (p-Tol)3 GeSiMe2 SiMe2 Ge(p-Tol)3 (6)) were investigated. Molecular structures of 5 and 6 were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. All compounds displayed luminescence properties. In addition, a band gap (of about 3.3 eV) was measured for compounds 1-6 showing that those molecules display semiconductor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Zaitsev
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Viktor A Tafeenko
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Yuri F Oprunenko
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Kharcheva
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Zhaisan Zhanabil
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Yerlan Suleimen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Kevin Lam
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Vladimir B Zaitsev
- Department of Physics, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Anna V Zaitseva
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina S Zaitseva
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey S Karlov
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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18
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Zaitsev KV, Lam K, Zhanabil Z, Suleimen Y, Kharcheva AV, Tafeenko VA, Oprunenko YF, Poleshchuk OK, Lermontova EK, Churakov AV. Oligogermanes Containing Only Electron-Withdrawing Substituents: Synthesis and Properties. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Zaitsev
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Kevin Lam
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan, 010000
| | - Zhaisan Zhanabil
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan, 010000
| | - Yerlan Suleimen
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan, 010000
| | - Anastasia V. Kharcheva
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Viktor A. Tafeenko
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yuri F. Oprunenko
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg Kh. Poleshchuk
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue, 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Kievskaya Street, 60, Tomsk 634061, Russia
| | - Elmira Kh. Lermontova
- Russian Academy of Science, N.S. Kurnakov General and Inorganic Chemistry Institute, Leninskii
pr., 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Churakov
- Russian Academy of Science, N.S. Kurnakov General and Inorganic Chemistry Institute, Leninskii
pr., 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
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19
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Hlina J, Stella F, Aghazadeh Meshgi M, Marschner C, Baumgartner J. σ-Bond Electron Delocalization in Oligosilanes as Function of Substitution Pattern, Chain Length, and Spatial Orientation. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21081079. [PMID: 27548126 PMCID: PMC6273834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysilanes are known to exhibit the interesting property of σ-bond electron delocalization. By employing optical spectroscopy (UV-vis), it is possible to judge the degree of delocalization and also differentiate parts of the molecules which are conjugated or not. The current study compares oligosilanes of similar chain length but different substitution pattern. The size of the substituents determines the spatial orientation of the main chain and also controls the conformational flexibility. The chemical nature of the substituents affects the orbital energies of the molecules and thus the positions of the absorption bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Hlina
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Filippo Stella
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Mohammad Aghazadeh Meshgi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institut für Chemie, Karl Franzens Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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20
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Schnalzer D, Haas M, Torvisco A, Stueger H. Photochemical reactivity of cyclic acylgermanes. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2015.1128929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schnalzer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Ana Torvisco
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Stueger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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21
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Haas M, Leypold M, Schnalzer D, Torvisco A, Stueger H. Stable Germenolates and Germenes with Exocyclic Structures. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and ‡Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Mario Leypold
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and ‡Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dominik Schnalzer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and ‡Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ana Torvisco
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and ‡Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Stueger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and ‡Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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22
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Zaitsev KV, Lermontova EK, Churakov AV, Tafeenko VA, Tarasevich BN, Poleshchuk OK, Kharcheva AV, Magdesieva TV, Nikitin OM, Zaitseva GS, Karlov SS. Compounds of Group 14 Elements with an Element–Element (E = Si, Ge, Sn) Bond: Effect of the Nature of the Element Atom. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om501293t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Zaitsev
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elmira Kh. Lermontova
- N. S. Kurnakov General and Inorganic Chemistry Institute,Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii
Pr., 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Churakov
- N. S. Kurnakov General and Inorganic Chemistry Institute,Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii
Pr., 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Viktor A. Tafeenko
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Boris N. Tarasevich
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg Kh. Poleshchuk
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Av., 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Kievskaya Str., 60, Tomsk 634061, Russia
| | - Anastasia V. Kharcheva
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Magdesieva
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg M. Nikitin
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Science, Vavilova
Str. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Galina S. Zaitseva
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Karlov
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
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