1
|
El-Sherbiny GM, Kalaba MH, Foda AM, M E S, Youssef ASED, A Elsehemy I, Farghal EE, El-Fakharany EM. Nanoemulsion of cinnamon oil to combat colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and cancer cells. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106705. [PMID: 38761892 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential of cinnamon oil nanoemulsion (CONE) as an antibacterial agent against clinical strains of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and its anticancer activity. The prepared and characterized CONE was found to have a spherical shape with an average size of 70.6 ± 28.3 nm under TEM and a PDI value of 0.076 and zeta potential value of 6.9 mV using DLS analysis. The antibacterial activity of CONE against Klebsiella pneumoniae strains was investigated, and it was found to have higher inhibitory activity (18.3 ± 1.2-30.3 ± 0.8 mm) against the tested bacteria compared to bulk cinnamon oil (14.6 ± 0.88-20.6 ± 1.2) with MIC values ranging from 0.077 to 0.31 % v/v which equivalent to 0.2-0.82 ng/ml of CONE. CONE inhibited the growth of bacteria in a dose and time-dependent manner based on the time-kill assay in which Klebsiella pneumoniae B-9 was used as a model among the bacterial strains under investigation. The study also investigated the expression of the mcr-1 gene in the Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and found that all strains were positive for the gene expression and subsequently its presence. The level of mcr-1 gene expression among the B-2, B-4, B-9, and B-11 control strains and that treated with colistin was similar, but it was different in both B-5 and B-2. However, all strains exhibited a significant downregulation in gene expression (ranging from 3.97 to 8.7-fold) after their treatment with CONE. Additionally, the CONE-treated bacterial cells appeared with a great deformation compared with control cells under TEM. Finally, CONE exhibited selective toxicity against different cancer cell lines depending on comparison with the normal cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gamal M El-Sherbiny
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed H Kalaba
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Abdullah M Foda
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Shehata M E
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Amira Salah El-Din Youssef
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Islam A Elsehemy
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman E Farghal
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Application, Egypt; Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Center (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (STTA-City), New Borg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Osman M, Yassine I, Hamze M, Al Mir H, Ghorbani Tajani A, Bisha B, Cummings KJ, Madec JY, Haenni M, Kassem II. Emergence of Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin- and Colistin-Resistant Enterobacterales in Otherwise Healthy University Students. Microb Drug Resist 2024; 30:101-107. [PMID: 38011748 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2023.0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to last resort antibiotics has been increasing, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Lebanon, which has well established challenges in antimicrobial stewardship and other public health and environmental issues. However, data on the emergence of antibiotic resistance in the community in Lebanon are limited. In this study, we assessed resistance to last resort antibiotics in the fecal samples of 111 otherwise healthy university students in north Lebanon. The results showed that 47.7% of the samples harbored extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant isolates, while 2.7% of the samples yielded colistin-resistant isolates. Furthermore, molecular analyses showed that the β-lactamase gene group, blaCTX-M-1 group, was detected in the majority (93%) of screened extended-spectrum β-lactamase isolates. In addition, the colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates carried mcr-1, including the novel mcr-1.26 variant, which was previously reported in clinical samples as well as in domesticated animals and the environment in Lebanon. Taken together, these findings highlight the occurrence of resistance to important antibiotics in the community, perhaps suggesting diffuse sources, including clinical and environmental settings, and multiple factors driving the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria and resistance determinants. There is a pressing need for comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship programs and the implementation of evidence-based practices in clinical and community settings to mitigate the increasing spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Osman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Iman Yassine
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Hiba Al Mir
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
- ANSES, Université de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | | | - Bledar Bisha
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Kevin J Cummings
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- ANSES, Université de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- ANSES, Université de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Issmat I Kassem
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Premnath MAC, Prabakaran K, Sivasankar S, Boppe A, Sriramajayam L, Jeyaraj S. Occurrence of mcr genes and alterations in mgrB gene in intrinsic colistin- resistant Enterobacterales isolated from chicken meat samples. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 404:110323. [PMID: 37459831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tolerance of gram negative pathogens toward last resort colistin is mediated by mcr genes and alterations in chromosomal mgrB via modification of lipopolysaccharide through the PmrAB and PhoPQ component system. Proteus sp., Morganella sp., Neisseria sp., Burkholderia sp. and Providencia sp. are intrinsic resistant to colistin drug. Recent reports have shown that colistin intrinsic resistant organisms harbor and act as reservoirs for mcr genes. AIM To evaluate the presence of mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes and alterations in mgrB gene in intrinsic colistin-resistant gram negative bacteria isolated from chicken meat samples in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India. METHODS One hundred chicken meat samples were collected during 2019-20. Samples were enriched and plated on MacConkey agar supplemented with colistin (2 μg/ml). The bacterial isolates were then identified using biochemical tests. DNA were extracted from isolates using the thermal lysis method. mcr-1 to mcr-5 and mgrB genes was detected using conventional PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis methods. RESULT AND CONCLUSION The presence of mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes was found to be 23 % (23/100). mcr-1 and mcr-5 genes were not detected in sample isolates. 17/23 samples positive for mcr genes were also found to be carrying alterations in mgrB gene. Phenotypic characterization of these isolates revealed that these bacteria were belonging to colistin intrinsic resistant gram negative bacteria such as Proteus sp., Providencia sp., and Morganella sp. Intrinsic resistant bacteria could act as a potential reservoir and disseminate mcr genes to the colistin sensitive non-intrinsic pathogens of clinical importance in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Abinaya Chandran Premnath
- PSG Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Off Avinashi Road, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641 004, Tamil Nadu, India; PSG Center for Genetics and Molecular Biology, Off Avinashi Road, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthikragavan Prabakaran
- PSG Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Off Avinashi Road, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Seshan Sivasankar
- PSG Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Off Avinashi Road, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641 004, Tamil Nadu, India; PSG Center for Genetics and Molecular Biology, Off Avinashi Road, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Appalaraju Boppe
- Department of Microbiology, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Off Avinashi Road, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lavanya Sriramajayam
- Department of Microbiology, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Off Avinashi Road, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sankarganesh Jeyaraj
- PSG Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Off Avinashi Road, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641 004, Tamil Nadu, India; PSG Center for Genetics and Molecular Biology, Off Avinashi Road, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641 004, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Antibiotic Resistance in Proteus mirabilis: Mechanism, Status, and Public Health Significance. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a specific opportunistic pathogen of many infections including urinary tract infections (UTIs). Risk factors are linked with the acquisition of multidrug-resistant (MDR) to 3 or more classes of antimicrobials) strains. The resistance in extended-spectrum alpha-lactamase is rare, but the rising resistance in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains is a matter of concern. β-lactamases and antibiotic modifying enzymes mainly constitute the ESBLs resistance mechanism by hydrolyzing the antibiotics. Mutation or Porin loss could lead to the reduced permeability of antibiotics, enhanced efflux pump activity hindering the antibiotic access to the target site, antibiotic failure to bind at the target site because of the target modification, and lipopolysaccharide mutation causing the resistance against polymyxin antibiotics. This review aimed to explore various antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in Proteus mirabilis and their impact on public health status.
Collapse
|
5
|
Foda AM, Kalaba MH, El-Sherbiny GM, Moghannem SA, El-Fakharany EM. Antibacterial activity of essential oils for combating colistin-resistant bacteria. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:1351-1364. [PMID: 35839089 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2101997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Colistin (polymyxin E) is a bactericidal antibiotic used to treat severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The product of the mcr1 gene generates transferrable plasmid-mediated colistin resistance, which has arisen as a worldwide healthcare problem. This study aimed to isolate, and identify colistin-resistant bacteria, and evaluate the ability of essential oils its fights. METHODS : Twenty-seven bacterial isolates were collected from patients who were admitted to National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt, and processed by standard microbiological methods. Essential oils were purchased from AB chem company, Egypt, screened for antibacterial, cytotoxic activity, and (GC-MS) analysis. RESULTS A total of 5 bacterial isolates were resistant to colistin with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 6.25->200µg/ml. Cinnamon oil exhibited the highest activity against colistin-resistant strains followed by thyme and eucalyptus oil. The (MIC) of cinnamon oils against resistant strains ranged from 4.88 to 312.5 µg/ml. Moreover, mcr-1 gene expression was extremely down-regulated after treatment of bacterial strains with cinnamon oil and decreased to 20-35-fold. Examination of treated bacterial cells with sub-inhibitory concentrations under transmission electron microscopy showed various abnormalities occurred in most of these cells. CONCLUSIONS cinnamon oil exhibits antibacterial activity against colistin-resistant strains, showing as a promising natural alternative in clinical therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M Foda
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Kalaba
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Gamal M El-Sherbiny
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Saad A Moghannem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Application, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Niu SH, Liu S, Deng WK, Wu RT, Cai YF, Liao XD, Xing SC. A sustainable and economic strategy to reduce risk antibiotic resistance genes during poultry manure bioconversion by black soldier fly Hermetia illucens larvae: Larval density adjustment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113294. [PMID: 35152113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) are common insects that are known for bioconversion of organic waste into a sustainable utilization resource. However, a strategy to increase antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) elimination in sustainable and economic ways through BSFL is lacking. In the present study, different larval densities were employed to assess the mcr-1 and tetX elimination abilities, and potential mechanisms were investigated. The application and economic value of each larval density were also analyzed. The results showed that the 100 larvae cultured in 100 g of manure group had the best density because the comprehensive disadvantage evaluation ratio was the lowest (14.97%, good bioconversion manure quality, low ARG deposition risk and reasonable larvae input cost). Further investigation showed that mcr-1 could be significantly decreased by BSFL bioconversion (4.42 ×107 copies/g reduced to 4.79 ×106-2.14 ×105 copies/g)(P<0.05); however, mcr-1 was increasingly deposited in the larval gut with increasing larval density. The tetX abundance was stabilized by BSFL bioconversion, except that the abundance at the lowest larval density increased (1.22 ×1010 copies/g increase, 34-fold). Escherichia was the host of mcr-1 and tetX in all samples, especially in fresh manure; Alcaligenes was the host of tetX in bioconversion manure; and the abundance of Alcaligenes was highly correlated with the pH of bioconversion manure. The pH of bioconversion manure was extremely correlated with the density of larvae. Klebsiella and Providencia were both hosts of tetX in the BSF larval gut, and Providencia was also the host of mcr-1 in the BSF larval gut. The density of larvae influenced the bioconversion manure quality and caused the ARG host abundance to change to control the abundance of ARGs, suggesting that larval density adjustment was a useful strategy to manage the ARG risk during BSFL manure bioconversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hua Niu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei-Kang Deng
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rui-Ting Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying-Feng Cai
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xin-Di Liao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Si-Cheng Xing
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dankar I, Hassan H, Serhan M. Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of dairy farmers regarding antibiotic use: Lessons from a developing country. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:1519-1532. [PMID: 34998539 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In lower- and middle-income countries, uncontrolled use of antibiotics is causing antimicrobial resistance, affecting both animal welfare and public health. Meanwhile, studies on antibiotic use in these countries are limited. A crucial step to limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is to examine the use of these drugs and identify its determinants. The aim of our study, the first of its kind in Lebanon, was to assess dairy farmers' knowledge and awareness of antimicrobial use (AMU) and AMR. For this, 18 farmers from different regions, educational backgrounds, experience levels, and herd sizes were interviewed. Results showed that owners of larger farms were more aware of AMU and AMR, and trying to implement preventive actions, whereas nonsystematic antimicrobial use was prevalent among the smaller farms. Mastitis and laminitis were the most treated diseases, and antibiotics used were oxytetracycline, penicillin, streptomycin, and florfenicol. Overall, antibiotic use was found as a preventive measure and a treatment of nonbacterial diseases. Irregular uses were linked to easy access of farmers to antibiotics, interrupted relations with veterinary authorities, and lack of self-assessment and inspection. Lebanese dairy farmers and owners reported feeling disadvantaged in their local trade field, facing illegal competition and unauthorized farms and industries, and lacking support from the government. Training and awareness programs must be implemented, and policies and regulations must be set, to reduce antibiotic use and hinder the spread of AMR in Lebanon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Dankar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Al Koura, PO Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Hassan
- Nutrition Program, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, PO Box 13-5053, Chouran 1102 2901, Lebanon.
| | - Mireille Serhan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Al Koura, PO Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tartor YH, Gharieb RMA, Abd El-Aziz NK, El Damaty HM, Enany S, Khalifa E, Attia ASA, Abdellatif SS, Ramadan H. Virulence Determinants and Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance mcr Genes in Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated From Bovine Milk. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:761417. [PMID: 34888259 PMCID: PMC8650641 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.761417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A major increase of bacterial resistance to colistin, a last-resort treatment for severe infections, was observed globally. Using colistin in livestock rearing is believed to be the ground of mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) gene circulation and is of crucial concern to public health. This study aimed to determine the frequency and virulence characteristics of colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria from the milk of mastitic cows and raw unpasteurized milk in Egypt. One hundred and seventeen strains belonging to Enterobacteriaceae (n = 90), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 10), and Aeromonas hydrophila (n = 17) were screened for colistin resistance by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The genetic characteristics of colistin-resistant strains were investigated for mcr-1-9 genes, phylogenetic groups, and virulence genes. Moreover, we evaluated four commonly used biocides in dairy farms for teat disinfection toward colistin-resistant strains. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensive drug-resistant (XDR) phenotypes were detected in 82.91% (97/117) and 3.42% (4/117) of the isolates, respectively. Of the 117 tested isolates, 61 (52.14%) were colistin resistant (MIC >2 mg/L), distributed as 24/70 (34.29%) from clinical mastitis, 10/11 (90.91%) from subclinical mastitis, and 27/36 (75%) from raw milk. Of these 61 colistin-resistant isolates, 47 (19 from clinical mastitis, 8 from subclinical mastitis, and 20 from raw milk) harbored plasmid-borne mcr genes. The mcr-1 gene was identified in 31.91%, mcr-2 in 29.79%, mcr-3 in 34.04%, and each of mcr-4 and mcr-7 in 2.13% of the colistin-resistant isolates. Among these isolates, 42.55% (20/47) were E. coli, 21.28% (10/47) A. hydrophila, 19.12% (9/47) K. pneumoniae, and 17.02% (8/47) P. aeruginosa. This is the first report of mcr-3 and mcr-7 in P. aeruginosa. Conjugation experiments using the broth-mating technique showed successful transfer of colistin resistance to E. coli J53-recipient strain. Different combinations of virulence genes were observed among colistin-resistant isolates with almost all isolates harboring genes. Hydrogen peroxide has the best efficiency against all bacterial isolates even at a low concentration (10%). In conclusion, the dissemination of mobile colistin resistance mcr gene and its variants between MDR- and XDR-virulent Gram-negative isolates from dairy cattle confirms the spread of mcr genes at all levels; animals, humans, and environmental, and heralds the penetration of the last-resort antimicrobial against MDR bacteria. Consequently, a decision to ban colistin in food animals is urgently required to fight XDR and MDR bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine H Tartor
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rasha M A Gharieb
- Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Norhan K Abd El-Aziz
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hend M El Damaty
- Animal Medicine Department (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shymaa Enany
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Biomedical Research Department, Armed Force College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Khalifa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Amira S A Attia
- Veterinary Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samah S Abdellatif
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hazem Ramadan
- Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
From the Urinary Catheter to the Prevalence of Three Classes of Integrons, β-Lactamase Genes, and Differences in Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Proteus mirabilis and Clonal Relatedness with Rep-PCR. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9952769. [PMID: 34212042 PMCID: PMC8211507 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9952769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Proteus mirabilis is a biofilm-forming agent that quickly settles on the urinary catheters and causing catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Thus, the spread of multidrug-resistant P. mirabilis isolates, with the ability to form a biofilm that carries integron, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes (mcr), represents a severe threat to managing nosocomial infectious diseases. This study is aimed at surveying the prevalence of ESBL, integrase, and mcr genes of P. mirabilis, isolated from the catheter, to assess the differences in their antimicrobial susceptibility and clonal dissemination. Method Microtiter plate assay was adopted to measure biofilm formation. The antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by the disk diffusion method. Antimicrobial resistance genes (intI1, intI2, intI3, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, mcr1, and mcr2) were detected by PCR. All of the isolates were characterized by repetitive sequence-based PCR. Result From 385 collected catheters in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), 40 P. mirabilis were isolated. All of the isolates could form a biofilm. Proteus spp. had intrinsic resistance to tetracycline (95%) and nitrofurantoin (92.5%), which explains the high resistance prevalence. The most widely resistant antibiotic was trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (75%). Thirty-three (82.5%) isolates were classified as multidrug resistance (MDR). The prevalence of intI1 and intI2 genes was 60% and 25%, respectively. In 6 (15%) isolates, both genes were detected. The most frequent ESBL gene detected in all of the isolates was blaTEM. Also, no detection for mcr1 and mcr2 antibiotic resistance genes was reported. Rep-PCR identified 39(GTG)5 types (G1–G39) of 40 isolates that 38 isolates had unique patterns. Conclusion In this study, 82.5% of isolates were MDR with high antibiotic resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The intI1 and blaTEM were the most prevalent genes in the integrase and ESBL gene family. High diversity was seen in the isolates with Rep-PCR. The increasing rate of MDR isolates with a high prevalence of resistance genes could be alarming and demonstrate the need for hygienic procedures to prevent the increased antibiotic resistance rate in the future.
Collapse
|
10
|
Nagy Á, Székelyhidi R, Hanczné Lakatos E, Kapcsándi V. Review on the occurrence of the mcr-1 gene causing colistin resistance in cow's milk and dairy products. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06800. [PMID: 33898852 PMCID: PMC8060599 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Both livestock farmers and the clinic use significant amount of antibiotics worldwide, in many cases the same kind. Antibiotic resistance is not a new phenomenon, however, it is a matter of concern that resistance genes (mcr - Mobilized Colistin Resistance - genes) that render last-resort drugs (Colistin) ineffective, have already evolved. Nowadays, there is a significant consumption of milk and dairy products, which, if not treated properly, can contain bacteria (mainly Gram-negative bacteria). We collected articles and reviews in which Gram-negative bacteria carrying the mcr-1 gene have been detected in milk, dairy products, or cattle. Reports have shown that although the incidence is still low, unfortunately the gene has been detected in some dairy products on almost every continent. In the interest of our health, the use of colistin in livestock farming must be banned as soon as possible, and new treatments should be applied so that we can continue to have a chance in fighting multidrug-resistant bacteria in human medicine.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kharroubi S, Nasser NA, El-Harakeh MD, Sulaiman AA, Kassem II. First Nation-Wide Analysis of Food Safety and Acceptability Data in Lebanon. Foods 2020; 9:foods9111717. [PMID: 33266478 PMCID: PMC7700422 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenges to food safety in Lebanon are numerous and have coalesced to pose a serious public health concern. This is evident in well-documented food poisoning outbreaks and adulteration cases. In response, the Lebanese government initiated an unprecedented food safety campaign (2015–2017) that aimed to test food samples that were randomly collected from foodservices and industries across the country. The data were made available publicly, but they were never analyzed to prioritize and determine high risk foods and most prevalent contaminants nationally or across governorates. To answer these questions, we performed an in-depth statistical analysis of the data, which included 11,625 individual food samples. Our analysis showed that water (55% of tested water samples), spices (49.3%), red meat (34.4%), poultry (30.9%) and dairy (28.3%) were the main foods associated with the highest rejection rates. The most common biological contaminants detected in rejected foods were sulfate-reducing bacteria (34.7%), Escherichia coli (32.1%), coliforms (19.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.8%), and Salmonella (11.6%). We conclude that Lebanon needs rigorous and sustainable programs to monitor the quality and safety of foods. Given the lack of resources, we recommend putting emphasis on extensive outreach programs that aim at enhancing food safety knowledge from farm to fork.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samer Kharroubi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (S.K.); (M.D.E.-H.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Nivin A. Nasser
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA;
| | - Marwa Diab El-Harakeh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (S.K.); (M.D.E.-H.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Abdallah Alhaj Sulaiman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (S.K.); (M.D.E.-H.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Issmat I. Kassem
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (S.K.); (M.D.E.-H.); (A.A.S.)
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA;
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The Mobile Colistin Resistance Gene, mcr-1.1, Is Carried on IncX4 Plasmids in Multidrug Resistant E. coli Isolated from Rainbow Trout Aquaculture. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111636. [PMID: 33113918 PMCID: PMC7690709 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colistin, a last resort antibiotic, is important for controlling infections with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. The recent emergence of mobile-colistin-resistance (mcr) genes has threatened the effectiveness of colistin. Aquaculture is hypothesized to be a major contributor to the evolution and dissemination of mcr. However, data on mcr in aquaculture are limited. Here, the occurrence of mcr-1 was assessed in Rainbow Trout in Lebanon, a country with developing antimicrobial stewardship and an established use of colistin for medical and farming purposes. mcr-1 was detected in 5 Escherichia coli isolated from fish guts. The isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant and their colistin minimum inhibitory concentration ranged between 16 and 32 μg/mL. Whole genome sequencing analysis showed that mcr-1 was carried on transmissible IncX4 plasmids and that the isolates harbored more than 14 antibiotic resistance genes. The isolates belonged to ST48 and ST101, which have been associated with mcr and can occur in humans and fish. The mcr-1-positive E. coli persisted in 6-day biofilms, but there was a potential fitness cost. Given the status of infrastructure in Lebanon, there is a high potential for the dissemination of mcr via aquatic environments. Urgent actions are needed to control mcr and to enhance antimicrobial stewardship in Lebanon.
Collapse
|
13
|
Li R, Peng K, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang Z. Exploring tet(X)-bearing tigecycline-resistant bacteria of swine farming environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 733:139306. [PMID: 32446072 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Emergence of high-level tigecycline resistance tet(X) variants in animal and human Enterobacterales is posing a public health concern. Recently, novel tet(X) variants including tet(X3), tet(X4), tet(X5) and tet(X6) were detected in Enterobacterales and Acinetobacter baumannii. Here, we comprehensively investigated the prevalence of tet(X) variants among different bacterial species in swine farm environment with nanopore sequencing. The tet(X6) gene was found located on both plasmids and ICEs in Proteus, but tet(X4) was in plasmids in E. coli. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the emergence of IncA/C2-type plasmid-mediated tet(X6). The bacterial host adaptation of different tet(X) variants implies they evolved in microbiota separately, but ISCR2 should be the key element facilitating horizontal transfer of various tet(X) variants through circular intermediates. Our findings further expand the knowledge about reservoirs of mobile tigecycline resistance genes and the epidemic characteristics of tet(X) variants in animals and related environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruichao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Kai Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hassan J, Kassem II. Audacious Hitchhikers: The Role of Travel and the International Food Trade in the Global Dissemination of Mobile Colistin-Resistance ( mcr) Genes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9070370. [PMID: 32630272 PMCID: PMC7400688 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin, a last-resort antibiotic, has been used in controlling infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. However, recent reports showed a global dissemination of mobile colistin-resistance (mcr) genes, genetic elements that encode resistance to colistin, which has raised public health concerns. These mcr genes threaten the effectiveness of colistin and could limit therapy options for complicated infections. Despite global attention, many facets of the molecular epidemiology of mcr remain poorly characterized. Here, we focus on the role of travel and the international food trade in the dissemination of mcr to countries where these genetic elements and/or colistin resistance are relatively limited in prevalence. We present evidence from the literature on the acquisition of mcr during travel, and the carriage of these genes back to travelers’ countries. We also highlight the potential transmission of mcr via imported foods. These observations emphasize the magnitude of efforts that are needed to control the spread of mcr, and further highlight the challenge of antimicrobial resistance and the urgent need for coordinated global action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jouman Hassan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Issmat I. Kassem
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Touati A, Mairi A. Plasmid-Determined Colistin Resistance in the North African Countries: A Systematic Review. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:121-133. [PMID: 32522081 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We have conducted a systematic review to update available information on plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (mobilized colistin resistance [mcr]) genes in North African countries. We have searched the articles of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases reporting plasmid-mediated colistin resistance bacteria isolated in North African countries. After searching and selection, 30 studies that included 208 mcr-positive isolates were included. Different mcr-positive strains frequencies were recorded and ranged from 2% in clinical isolates to 12.3% in environmental samples. Escherichia coli was the predominant species recorded and these microorganisms showed high resistance to ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole. IncHI2 plasmids are probably the key vectors responsible for the dissemination of mcr genes in these countries. This review highlighted that the mcr-positive isolates are circulating in different ecological niches with different frequencies. Therefore, actions should be implemented to prevent the dissemination of the mcr genes within and outside of these countries, such as microbiological and molecular surveillance programs and restriction use of colistin in farming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Touati
- Microbiology Department, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Assia Mairi
- Microbiology Department, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algérie
| |
Collapse
|