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Cao J, Fang Q, Han C, Zhong C. Cold atmospheric plasma fumigation suppresses postharvest apple Botrytis cinerea by triggering intracellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial calcium. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 407:110397. [PMID: 37716308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Infection by Botrytis cinerea poses a great threat to the postharvest life of apple fruit. In this study, the effects of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) fumigation on apple B. cinerea under different exposure times and intensities were investigated. The growth of B. cinerea in vitro and in vivo was significantly suppressed by the CAP fumigation at least 700 μL/L for 5 min. To reveal the possible mechanism of antifungal activity of CAP fumigation, the pathogen was exposed to 700 μL/L and 1000 μL/L for 5 min, respectively. The results indicated that the CAP-treated spores of the pathogen underwent shrinkage, cell membrane collapse and cytoplasmic vacuolation. The results obtained from the fluorescent probe assay and flow cytometry indicated that CAP caused the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the elevation of mitochondrial and intracellular Ca2+ levels, and the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential of the pathogen. Investigation on statues of cell life showed that typical hallmarks of apoptosis in the CAP-treated B. cinerea spores occurred, as indicted by a large degree of increased phosphatidylserine externalization, dysfunction of membrane permeability, DNA fragmentation, distortion of morphology, chromatin condensation, and metacaspase activation observed in B. cinerea spores after CAP fumigation. Overall, CAP fumigation triggered a metacaspase-dependent apoptosis of B. cinerea spores mediated by intracellular ROS burst and Ca2+ elevation via mitochondrial dysfunction and disruption, and therefore reduced the pathogenicity of B. cinerea and suppressed postharvest Botrytis rot of apple fruit. These results would provide an insight into the underlying mechanism of CAP fumigation acting on the pathogen. The CAP fumigation makes much convenient application of CAP in storage environment to deactivate microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qiong Fang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chenrui Han
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chongshan Zhong
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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2
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Chen Q, Zhou Y, Yun X, Zhao N, Bu H, Dong T. Bactericidal Efficacy and Mechanisms of Non-Electrolytic Slightly Acidic Hypochlorous Water on Pseudomonas fragi and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Foods 2023; 12:3980. [PMID: 37959099 PMCID: PMC10647583 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chilled pork is frequently contaminated with Pseudomonas fragi and Pseudomonas fluorescens. In this study, the bactericidal efficacy and mechanisms of non-electrolytic slightly acidic hypochlorous water (NE-SAHW) against two strains of these two species were evaluated. The results showed that the antibacterial efficacy of NE-SAHW was positively correlated with the concentration level of NE-SAHW and negatively correlated with the initial populations of the strains. The strains of small populations were completely inhibited when provided with each level of NE-SAHW. The killed cells of P. fragi were 0.94, 1.39, 4.02, and 5.60 log10 CFU/mL, respectively, and of P. fluorescens they were 1.21, 1.52, 4.14, and 5.74 log10 CFU/mL, respectively, when the initial populations of the strains were at high levels (about 7 log10 CFU/mL). Both strains were completely killed within 12 s with the available chlorine concentration (ACC) of 50 mg/L of NE-SAHW. Morphological changes in both cells were observed by using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and it was discovered that the cell membranes were damaged, which led to the leakage of the intracellular substances, including K+, nucleic acid, and protein. In terms of the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) results, NE-SAHW destroyed the structures of membrane proteins and cell structure proteins, and influenced the composition of polysaccharides. The bacteria were definitely dead after treatment by NE-SAHW compared to the control according to the results of flow cytometry. These results demonstrated the potential bactericidal property of NE-SAHW when applied to the meat and other food sterilization industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Q.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yanfang Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Q.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xueyan Yun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Q.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.)
| | - Namula Zhao
- Shanghai Wanlay Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200129, China;
| | - Hongyu Bu
- Inner Mongolia Institute for Drug Control, West Taoli Street, Hohhot 010020, China;
| | - Tungalag Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (Q.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.Y.)
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3
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Ding H, Wang T, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Wei J, Cai R, Guo C, Yuan Y, Yue T. Role and Mechanism of Cold Plasma in Inactivating Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris in Apple Juice. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071531. [PMID: 37048353 PMCID: PMC10094426 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A. acidoterrestris has been identified as the target bacterium in fruit juice production due to its high resistance to standard heat treatment. Multiple studies have shown that cold plasma can effectively inactivate pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms in juices. However, we are aware of only a few studies that have used cold plasma to inactivate A. acidoterrestris. In this study, the inactivation efficacy of cold plasma was determined using the plate count method and described using a biphasic model. The effects of the food matrix, input power, gas flow rate, and treatment time on inactivation efficacy were also discovered. Scavenging experiments with reactive oxygen species (•OH, •O2−, and 1O2), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectra, as well as an in vitro toxicology assay kit, were used to determine the inactivation mechanism. According to the plate count method, a maximum reduction of 4.14 log CFU/ mL could be achieved within 7 s, and complete inactivation could be achieved within 240 s. The scavenging experiments showed that directly cold plasma-produced singlet oxygen plays the most crucial role in inactivation, which was also confirmed by the fluorescence probe SOSG. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectra showed that the cold plasma treatment damaged the membrane integrity, DNA, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates of A. acidoterrestris. The plate count results and the apple juice quality evaluation showed that the cold plasma treatment (1.32 kV) could inactivate 99% of A. acidoterrestris within 60 s, with no significant changes happening in apple juice quality, except for slight changes in the polyphenol content and color value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jianping Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Rui Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chunfeng Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
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4
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Yadav B, Roopesh MS. In-Package Atmospheric Cold Plasma Treatment and Storage Effects on Membrane Integrity, Oxidative Stress, and Esterase Activity of Listeria monocytogenes. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030682. [PMID: 36985254 PMCID: PMC10057520 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) treatment can reduce bacterial pathogens in foods. Additional reduction in bacterial cells during storage after ACP treatment was previously reported. The underlying mechanisms of bacterial inactivation during ACP treatment and post-treatment storage need to be understood. This study investigated the changes in the morpho-physiological status of Listeria monocytogenes on ham surfaces after post-ACP-treatment storage of 1 h, 24 h, and 7 days at 4 °C. The membrane integrity, intracellular oxidative stress, and esterase activity of L. monocytogenes were evaluated by flow cytometry. L. monocytogenes cells were under high oxidative stress conditions with slightly permeabilized membranes after 1 h of post-ACP-treatment storage according to the flow cytometry data. During the extended storage of 24 h, the percentage of cells with a slightly permeabilized membrane increased; subsequently, the percentage of cells with intact membranes decreased. The percentage of L. monocytogenes cells with intact membranes decreased to <5% with a treatment time of 10 min and after 7 days of post-treatment storage. In addition, the percentage of L. monocytogenes cells under oxidation stress decreased to <1%, whereas the percentage of cells with completely permeabilized membranes increased to more than 90% for samples treated with ACP for 10 min and 7 days of post-treatment storage. With increased ACP treatment time, for 1 h stored samples, the percentage of cells with active esterase and slightly permeabilized membranes increased. However, during the extended post-treatment storage of 7 days, the percentage of cells with active esterase and slightly permeabilized membranes decreased to below 1%. At the same time, the percentage of cells with permeabilized membrane increased to more than 92% with an increase in ACP treatment time of 10 min. In conclusion, the higher inactivation after 24 h and 7 days post-ACP-treatment storage compared to 1 h stored samples correlated with the loss of esterase activity and membrane integrity of L. monocytogenes cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barun Yadav
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - M S Roopesh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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Hou X, Wang J, Mei Y, Ge L, Qian J, Huang Y, Yang M, Li H, Wang Y, Yan Z, Peng D, Zhang J, Zhao N. Antibiofilm mechanism of dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma against Pichia manshurica. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2023.103340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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6
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Johnson Esua O, Sun DW, Ajani CK, Cheng JH, Keener KM. Modelling of inactivation kinetics of Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes on grass carp treated by combining ultrasound with plasma functionalized buffer. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 88:106086. [PMID: 35830785 PMCID: PMC9287556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Linear (first-order) and non-linear (Weibull, biphasic, and log-logistic) models were evaluated for predicting the inactivation kinetics of Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes on grass carp treated by a novel technique (UPFB) combining ultrasound (US) with plasma functionalized buffer (PFB). Results showed that UPFB was more effective for inactivating bacteria when compared with individual applications of US or PFB with reductions of 3.92 and 3.70 log CFU/g for Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes, respectively. Compared with the linear model, the three non-linear models presented comparable performances and were more suitable for describing the inactivation kinetics with superior adj-R2 (0.962-0.999), accuracies (0.970-1.006) and bias factors (0.995-1.031), and by assessing the strengths of evidence, weights of evidence and evidence ratios for the models, the biphasic model was identified as the best fit model. The current study provided new insights into the effective evaluation of decontamination methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okon Johnson Esua
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Clement Kehinde Ajani
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun-Hu Cheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
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7
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Wang Q, Pal RK, Yen HW, Naik SP, Orzeszko MK, Mazzeo A, Salvi D. Cold plasma from flexible and conformable paper-based electrodes for fresh produce sanitation: Evaluation of microbial inactivation and quality changes. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Yadav B, Roopesh M. Synergistically enhanced Salmonella Typhimurium reduction by sequential treatment of organic acids and atmospheric cold plasma and the mechanism study. Food Microbiol 2022; 104:103976. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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9
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Wang J, Yao M, Bai G, Liu J, Wang Y. Inhibition of horseradish peroxidase activity through conformational change in surfactant solution. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuxia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Institute of Science and Technology Xinxiang Henan People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Meihuan Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyue Bai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Institute of Science and Technology Xinxiang Henan People's Republic of China
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Zhang D, Liu Y, Li X, Xiao J, Sun J, Guo L. Inactivation of Escherichia coli on broccoli sprouts via plasma activated water and its effects on quality attributes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Zand E, Froehling A, Schoenher C, Zunabovic-Pichler M, Schlueter O, Jaeger H. Potential of Flow Cytometric Approaches for Rapid Microbial Detection and Characterization in the Food Industry-A Review. Foods 2021; 10:3112. [PMID: 34945663 PMCID: PMC8701031 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As microbial contamination is persistent within the food and bioindustries and foodborne infections are still a significant cause of death, the detection, monitoring, and characterization of pathogens and spoilage microorganisms are of great importance. However, the current methods do not meet all relevant criteria. They either show (i) inadequate sensitivity, rapidity, and effectiveness; (ii) a high workload and time requirement; or (iii) difficulties in differentiating between viable and non-viable cells. Flow cytometry (FCM) represents an approach to overcome such limitations. Thus, this comprehensive literature review focuses on the potential of FCM and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for food and bioindustry applications. First, the principles of FCM and FISH and basic staining methods are discussed, and critical areas for microbial contamination, including abiotic and biotic surfaces, water, and air, are characterized. State-of-the-art non-specific FCM and specific FISH approaches are described, and their limitations are highlighted. One such limitation is the use of toxic and mutagenic fluorochromes and probes. Alternative staining and hybridization approaches are presented, along with other strategies to overcome the current challenges. Further research needs are outlined in order to make FCM and FISH even more suitable monitoring and detection tools for food quality and safety and environmental and clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zand
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Antje Froehling
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; (A.F.); (O.S.)
| | - Christoph Schoenher
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (C.S.); (M.Z.-P.)
| | - Marija Zunabovic-Pichler
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (C.S.); (M.Z.-P.)
| | - Oliver Schlueter
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; (A.F.); (O.S.)
| | - Henry Jaeger
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria;
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El Kadri H, Costello KM, Thomas P, Wantock T, Sandison G, Harle T, Fabris AL, Gutierrez-Merino J, Velliou EG. The antimicrobial efficacy of remote cold atmospheric plasma effluent against single and mixed bacterial biofilms of varying age. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110126. [PMID: 33641993 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a minimal food processing technology of increasing interest in the food industry, as it is mild in nature compared to traditional methods (e.g. pasteurisation) and thus can maintain the food's desirable qualities. However, due to this mild nature, the potential exists for post-treatment microbial survival and/or stress adaptation. Furthermore, biofilm inactivation by CAP is underexplored and mostly studied on specific foods or on plastic/polymer surfaces. Co-culture effects, biofilm age, and innate biofilm-associated resistance could all impact CAP efficacy, while studies on real foods are limited to the food product investigated without accounting for structural complexity. The effect of a Remote and Enclosed CAP device (Fourth State Medicine Ltd) was investigated on Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua grown as planktonic cells and as single or mixed bacterial biofilms of variable age, on a biphasic viscoelastic food model of controlled rheological and structural complexity. Post-CAP viability was assessed by plate counts, cell sublethal injury was quantified using flow cytometry, and biofilms were characterised and assessed using total protein content and microscopy techniques. A greater impact of CAP on planktonic cells was observed at higher air flow rates, where the ReCAP device operates in a mode more favourable to reactive oxygen species than reactive nitrogen species. Although planktonic E. coli was more susceptible to CAP than planktonic L. innocua, the opposite was observed in biofilm form. The efficacy of CAP was reduced with increasing biofilm age. Furthermore, E. coli produced much higher protein content in both single and mixed biofilms than L. innocua. Consequently, greater survival of L. innocua in mixed biofilms was attributed to a protective effect from E. coli. These results show that biofilm susceptibility to CAP is age and bacteria dependent, and that in mixed biofilms bacteria may become less susceptible to CAP. These findings are of significance to the food industry for the development of effective food decontamination methods using CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani El Kadri
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Katherine M Costello
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Phillip Thomas
- Surrey Space Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Thomas Wantock
- Fourth State Medicine Ltd, Longfield, Fernhurst, Haslemere GU27 3HA, UK
| | - Gavin Sandison
- Fourth State Medicine Ltd, Longfield, Fernhurst, Haslemere GU27 3HA, UK
| | - Thomas Harle
- Fourth State Medicine Ltd, Longfield, Fernhurst, Haslemere GU27 3HA, UK
| | | | | | - Eirini G Velliou
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
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Roh SH, Oh YJ, Lee SY, Kang JH, Min SC. Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Tulane virus in processed chicken breast via atmospheric in-package cold plasma treatment. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Inactivation of Listeria Monocytogenes at various growth temperatures by ultrasound pretreatment and cold plasma. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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15
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Tian X, Shao L, Yu Q, Liu Y, Li X, Dai R. Evaluation of structural changes and intracellular substance leakage of
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 induced by ohmic heating. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1430-1441. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Tian
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
| | - L. Shao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
| | - Q. Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
| | - Y. Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
| | - X. Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
| | - R. Dai
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
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16
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Pan Y, Cheng JH, Lv X, Sun DW. Assessing the inactivation efficiency of Ar/O2 plasma treatment against Listeria monocytogenes cells: Sublethal injury and inactivation kinetics. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Alves Filho E, Rodrigues T, Fernandes F, de Brito E, Cullen P, Frias J, Bourke P, Cavalcante R, Almeida F, Rodrigues S. An untargeted chemometric evaluation of plasma and ozone processing effect on volatile compounds in orange juice. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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López M, Calvo T, Prieto M, Múgica-Vidal R, Muro-Fraguas I, Alba-Elías F, Alvarez-Ordóñez A. A Review on Non-thermal Atmospheric Plasma for Food Preservation: Mode of Action, Determinants of Effectiveness, and Applications. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:622. [PMID: 31001215 PMCID: PMC6454144 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-thermal Atmospheric Plasma (NTAP) is a cutting-edge technology which has gained much attention during the last decade in the food-processing sector as a promising technology for food preservation and maintenance of food safety, with minimal impact on the quality attributes of foods, thanks to its effectiveness in microbial inactivation, including of pathogens, spoilage fungi and bacterial spores, simple design, ease of use, cost-effective operation, short treatment times, lack of toxic effects, and significant reduction of water consumption. This review article provides a general overview of the principles of operation and applications of NTAP in the agri-food sector. In particular, the numerous studies carried out in the last decade aimed at deciphering the influence of different environmental factors and processing parameters on the microbial inactivation attained are discussed. In addition, this review also considers some important studies aimed at elucidating the complex mechanism of microbial inactivation by NTAP. Finally, other potential applications of NTAP in the agri-food sector, apart from food decontamination, are briefly described, and some limitations for the immediate industrial implementation of NTAP are discussed (e.g., impact on the nutritional and sensory quality of treated foods; knowledge on the plasma components and reactive species responsible for the antimicrobial activity; possible toxicity of some of the chemical species generated; scale-up by designing fit-for-purpose equipment).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes López
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain.,Institute of Food Science and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Tamara Calvo
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Miguel Prieto
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain.,Institute of Food Science and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | | | | | - Fernando Alba-Elías
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Avelino Alvarez-Ordóñez
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain.,Institute of Food Science and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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Zhang Y, Wei J, Yuan Y, Chen H, Dai L, Wang X, Yue T. Bactericidal effect of cold plasma on microbiota of commercial fish balls. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Waskow A, Betschart J, Butscher D, Oberbossel G, Klöti D, Büttner-Mainik A, Adamcik J, von Rohr PR, Schuppler M. Characterization of Efficiency and Mechanisms of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Decontamination of Seeds for Sprout Production. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3164. [PMID: 30619223 PMCID: PMC6305722 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of fresh fruit and vegetable products has strongly increased during the past few decades. However, inherent to all minimally processed products is the short shelf life, and the risk of foodborne diseases, which have been increasingly related to such products in many parts of the world. Because of the favorable conditions for the growth of bacteria during the germination of seeds, sprouts are a frequent source for pathogenic bacteria, thus highlighting the need for seed decontamination to reduce the risk of foodborne illness. Consequently, this study focused on cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) treatment of artificially inoculated seeds in a diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge to determine the inactivation efficiency for relevant foodborne pathogens and fungal spores. Plasma treatment of seeds resulted in a highly efficient reduction of microorganisms on the seed surface, while preserving the germination properties of seeds, at least for moderate treatment times. To characterize the mechanisms that contribute to microbial inactivation during plasma treatment, an experimental setup was developed to separate ultraviolet light (UV) and other plasma components. The combination of bacterial viability staining with confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to investigate the impact of ozone and other reactive species on the bacterial cells in comparison to UV. Further characterization of the effect of CAPP on bacterial cells by atomic force microscopy imaging of the same Escherichia coli cells before and after treatment revealed an increase in the surface roughness of treated E. coli cells and a decrease in the average height of the cells, which suggests physical damage to the cell envelope. In conclusion, CAPP shows potential for use as a decontamination technology in the production process of sprouts, which may contribute to food safety and prolonged shelf life of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Waskow
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julian Betschart
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Denis Butscher
- Institute of Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gina Oberbossel
- Institute of Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jozef Adamcik
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Markus Schuppler
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Schottroff F, Fröhling A, Zunabovic-Pichler M, Krottenthaler A, Schlüter O, Jäger H. Sublethal Injury and Viable but Non-culturable (VBNC) State in Microorganisms During Preservation of Food and Biological Materials by Non-thermal Processes. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2773. [PMID: 30515140 PMCID: PMC6255932 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, as well as sublethal injury of microorganisms pose a distinct threat to food safety, as the use of traditional, culture-based microbiological analyses might lead to an underestimation or a misinterpretation of the product's microbial status and recovery phenomena of microorganisms may occur. For thermal treatments, a large amount of data and experience is available and processes are designed accordingly. In case of innovative inactivation treatments, however, there are still several open points with relevance for the investigation of inactivation mechanisms as well as for the application and validation of the preservation processes. Thus, this paper presents a comprehensive compilation of non-thermal preservation technologies, i.e., high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), pulsed electric fields (PEFs), pulsed light (PL), and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, as well as cold plasma (CP) treatments. The basic technological principles and the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action are described. Based on this, appropriate analytical methods are outlined, i.e., direct viable count, staining, and molecular biological methods, in order to enable the differentiation between viable and dead cells, as well as the possible occurrence of an intermediate state. Finally, further research needs are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schottroff
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antje Fröhling
- Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Anna Krottenthaler
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Schlüter
- Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Henry Jäger
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Carré G, Charpentier E, Audonnet S, Terryn C, Boudifa M, Doliwa C, Belgacem ZB, Gangloff SC, Gelle MP. Contribution of Fluorescence Techniques in Determining the Efficiency of the Non-thermal Plasma Treatment. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2171. [PMID: 30250463 PMCID: PMC6140754 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently developed a non-thermal plasma (NTP) equipment intended to sterilize fragile medical devices and maintain the sterile state of items downstream the treatment. With traditional counts on agar plate a six log reduction of Staphylococcus aureus viability was obtained within 120 min of O2, Ar, or N2 NTP treatments. However to determine the best NTP process, we studied the different physiological states of S. aureus by flow cytometry (FC) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) focusing on the esterasic activity and membrane integrity of the bacteria. Two fluorochromes, 5-(and-6)-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide were used in order to distinguish three sub-populations: metabolically active, permeabilized, and damaged bacteria that can be in the viable but nonculturable state. FC and CLSM highlight that O2 and Ar NTP treatments were the most attractive processes. Indeed, a 5 min of Ar NTP generated a high destruction of the structure of bacteria and a 120 min of O2 NTP treatment led to the higher decrease of the total damaged bacteria population. SEM observations showed that in presence of clusters, bacteria of upper layers are easily altered compared to bacteria in the deeper layers. In conclusion, the plate counting method is not sufficient by itself to determine the best NTP treatment. FC and CLSM represent attractive indicator techniques to select the most efficient gas NTP treatment generating the lowest proportion of viable bacteria and the most debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Carré
- Laboratoire de Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (EA 4691), SFR CAP-Santé, FED 4231, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Emilie Charpentier
- Laboratoire de Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (EA 4691), SFR CAP-Santé, FED 4231, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Sandra Audonnet
- URCACyt - Plateau technique de cytométrie en flux, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,PICT - Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Christine Terryn
- PICT - Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | - Christelle Doliwa
- Laboratoire de Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (EA 4691), SFR CAP-Santé, FED 4231, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Zouhaier Ben Belgacem
- Laboratoire de Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (EA 4691), SFR CAP-Santé, FED 4231, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Sophie C Gangloff
- Laboratoire de Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (EA 4691), SFR CAP-Santé, FED 4231, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Marie-Paule Gelle
- Laboratoire de Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (EA 4691), SFR CAP-Santé, FED 4231, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,UFR Odontologie, Reims, France.,Pôle Médecine Bucco-Dentaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France
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23
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Cold atmospheric pressure plasma and low energy electron beam as alternative nonthermal decontamination technologies for dry food surfaces: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Olatunde OO, Benjakul S. Nonthermal Processes for Shelf-Life Extension of Seafoods: A Revisit. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:892-904. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- Dept. of Food Technology, Faculty of Agroindustry; Prince of Songkla Univ.; Songkhla 90110 Thailand
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25
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Lopes RP, Mota MJ, Gomes AM, Delgadillo I, Saraiva JA. Application of High Pressure with Homogenization, Temperature, Carbon Dioxide, and Cold Plasma for the Inactivation of Bacterial Spores: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:532-555. [PMID: 33350128 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Formation of highly resistant spores is a concern for the safety of low-acid foods as they are a perfect vehicle for food spoilage and/or human infection. For spore inactivation, the strategy usually applied in the food industry is the intensification of traditional preservation methods to sterilization levels, which is often accompanied by decreases of nutritional and sensory properties. In order to overcome these unwanted side effects in food products, novel and emerging sterilization technologies are being developed, such as pressure-assisted thermal sterilization, high-pressure carbon dioxide, high-pressure homogenization, and cold plasma. In this review, the application of these emergent technologies is discussed, in order to understand the effects on bacterial spores and their inactivation and thus ensure food safety of low-acid foods. In general, the application of these novel technologies for inactivating spores is showing promising results. However, it is important to note that each technique has specific features that can be more suitable for a particular type of product. Thus, the most appropriate sterilization method for each product (and target microorganisms) should be assessed and carefully selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita P Lopes
- QOPNA, Chemistry Dept., Univ. of Aveiro, Campus Univ. de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria J Mota
- QOPNA, Chemistry Dept., Univ. of Aveiro, Campus Univ. de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M Gomes
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Univ. Católica Portuguesa, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivonne Delgadillo
- QOPNA, Chemistry Dept., Univ. of Aveiro, Campus Univ. de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge A Saraiva
- QOPNA, Chemistry Dept., Univ. of Aveiro, Campus Univ. de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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26
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Kim JH, Min SC. Moisture vaporization-combined helium dielectric barrier discharge-cold plasma treatment for microbial decontamination of onion flakes. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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27
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Prasad P, Mehta D, Bansal V, Sangwan RS. Effect of atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) with its extended storage on the inactivation of Escherichia coli inoculated on tomato. Food Res Int 2017; 102:402-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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28
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Ding T, Liao XY, Dong QL, Xuan XT, Chen SG, Ye XQ, Liu DH. Predictive modeling of microbial single cells: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:711-725. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1217193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Ding
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Yu Liao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing-Li Dong
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Xuan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shi-Guo Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing-Qian Ye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dong-Hong Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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29
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Dasan BG, Boyaci IH, Mutlu M. Nonthermal plasma treatment of Aspergillus spp. spores on hazelnuts in an atmospheric pressure fluidized bed plasma system: Impact of process parameters and surveillance of the residual viability of spores. J FOOD ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Calvo T, Álvarez-Ordóñez A, Prieto M, González-Raurich M, López M. Influence of processing parameters and stress adaptation on the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes by Non-Thermal Atmospheric Plasma (NTAP). Food Res Int 2016; 89:631-637. [PMID: 28460960 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of Non-Thermal Atmospheric Plasma (NTAP) treatments against Listeria. Firstly, the impact of gas composition and flow rate on L. monocytogenes and L. innocua (used as a surrogate) inactivation by NTAP was monitored. Secondly, the influence of stress adaptation (growth under suboptimal conditions, using a wide range of temperatures and media acidified up to pH5.5 with citric, lactic, malic or hydrochloric acid, or short-term exposure to acid, cold or thermal shocks) on L. monocytogenes NTAP resistance was assessed. Survival curves obtained were concave upward. A mathematical model based on the Weibull distribution accurately described the inactivation kinetics. Both L. monocytogenes and L. innocua showed a higher sensitivity to plasma when the treatment was performed using air than when nitrogen was used. In fact, the use of nitrogen as working gas made the plasma treatment almost ineffective. The effect of gas flow rate on the effectiveness of the NTAP treatment depended on the type of gas used to generate plasma. Increases in flow rate from 5 to 10L/min caused an acceleration of bacterial inactivation when air was used, while an additional increase of gas flow from 10 to 15L/min had a minor impact on microbial inactivation. On the other hand, gas flow rate hardly affected NTAP treatment efficiency when nitrogen was used to generate plasma. L. monocytogenes growth under sub-optimal temperature or pH conditions or short-term exposure to acid, heat or cold stress conditions did not significantly modify its NTAP resistance. This suggests that temperature and pH stress adaptation does not induce a cross-protection response against NTAP treatments in L. monocytogenes, what makes NTAP an attractive technology for food decontamination within minimal processing strategies targeting this pathogenic microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Calvo
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology and Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Avelino Álvarez-Ordóñez
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology and Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, León, Spain.
| | - Miguel Prieto
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology and Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Montserrat González-Raurich
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology and Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Mercedes López
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology and Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, León, Spain
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31
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Atmospheric cold plasma process for vegetable leaf decontamination: A feasibility study on radicchio (red chicory, Cichorium intybus L.). Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Bußler S, Steins V, Ehlbeck J, Schlüter O. Impact of thermal treatment versus cold atmospheric plasma processing on the techno-functional protein properties from Pisum sativum ‘Salamanca’. J FOOD ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Lee H, Kim JE, Chung MS, Min SC. Cold plasma treatment for the microbiological safety of cabbage, lettuce, and dried figs. Food Microbiol 2015; 51:74-80. [PMID: 26187830 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Microwave-powered cold plasma treatment (CPT) was evaluated as a means to improve the microbiological safety of fresh vegetables and dried fruits. The CPT at 900 W, conducted for 10 min using nitrogen as a plasma-forming gas, inactivated Salmonella Typhimurium inoculated on cabbage and lettuce by approximately 1.5 log CFU/g. The CPT at 400-900 W and 667 Pa, conducted for 1-10 min using a helium-oxygen gas mixture, inactivated Listeria monocytogenes on cabbage by 0.3-2.1 log CFU/g in a time-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The Weibull model adequately described the inactivation of L. monocytogenes on cabbage by CPT. The CPT at the optimum conditions of treatment power (400 W) and time (10 min) inactivated L. monocytogenes on lettuce by 1.8 ± 0.2 log CFU/g. As the water activity of the dried figs increased from 0.70 to 0.93, the reductions in numbers of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes on figs increased from 0.5 to 1.3 log CFU/g and from 1.0 to 1.6 log CFU/g, respectively. The microbial inactivation by CPT increased synergistically when the pH of the figs was reduced from 6 to 4. CTPs have potential application to increase the microbiological safety of vegetables and dried fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 139-774, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 139-774, Republic of Korea
| | - Myong-Soo Chung
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Sea C Min
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 139-774, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Fröhling A, Schlüter O. Flow cytometric evaluation of physico-chemical impact on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:939. [PMID: 26441874 PMCID: PMC4585319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since heat sensitivity of fruits and vegetables limits the application of thermal inactivation processes, new emerging inactivation technologies have to be established to fulfill the requirements of food safety without affecting the produce quality. The efficiency of inactivation treatments has to be ensured and monitored. Monitoring of inactivation effects is commonly performed using traditional cultivation methods which have the disadvantage of the time span needed to obtain results. The aim of this study was to compare the inactivation effects of peracetic acid (PAA), ozonated water (O3), and cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using flow cytometric methods. E. coli cells were completely depolarized after treatment (15 s) with 0.25% PAA at 10°C, and after treatment (10 s) with 3.8 mg l(-1) O3 at 12°C. The membrane potential of CAPP treated cells remained almost constant at an operating power of 20 W over a time period of 3 min, and subsequently decreased within 30 s of further treatment. Complete membrane permeabilization was observed after 10 s O3 treatment, but treatment with PAA and CAPP did not completely permeabilize the cells within 2 and 4 min, respectively. Similar results were obtained for esterase activity. O3 inactivates cellular esterase but esterase activity was detected after 4 min CAPP treatment and 2 min PAA treatment. L. innocua cells and P. carotovorum cells were also permeabilized instantaneously by O3 treatment at concentrations of 3.8 ± 1 mg l(-1). However, higher membrane permeabilization of L. innocua and P. carotovorum than of E. coli was observed at CAPP treatment of 20 W. The degree of bacterial damage due to the inactivation processes is highly dependent on treatment parameters as well as on treated bacteria. Important information regarding the inactivation mechanisms can be obtained by flow cytometric measurements and this enables the definition of critical process parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Fröhling
- Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim e.V.Potsdam, Germany
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35
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Ziuzina D, Boehm D, Patil S, Cullen PJ, Bourke P. Cold Plasma Inactivation of Bacterial Biofilms and Reduction of Quorum Sensing Regulated Virulence Factors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138209. [PMID: 26390435 PMCID: PMC4577073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objectives of this work were to investigate the effect of atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) against a range of microbial biofilms commonly implicated in foodborne and healthcare associated human infections and against P. aeruginosa quorum sensing (QS)-regulated virulence factors, such as pyocyanin, elastase (Las B) and biofilm formation capacity post-ACP treatment. The effect of processing factors, namely treatment time and mode of plasma exposure on antimicrobial activity of ACP were also examined. Antibiofilm activity was assessed for E. coli, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus in terms of reduction of culturability and retention of metabolic activity using colony count and XTT assays, respectively. All samples were treated ‘inpack’ using sealed polypropylene containers with a high voltage dielectric barrier discharge ACP generated at 80 kV for 0, 60, 120 and 300 s and a post treatment storage time of 24 h. According to colony counts, ACP treatment for 60 s reduced populations of E. coli to undetectable levels, whereas 300 s was necessary to significantly reduce populations of L. monocytogenes and S. aureus biofilms. The results obtained from XTT assay indicated possible induction of viable but non culturable state of bacteria. With respect to P. aeruginosa QS-related virulence factors, the production of pyocyanin was significantly inhibited after short treatment times, but reduction of elastase was notable only after 300 s and no reduction in actual biofilm formation was achieved post-ACP treatment. Importantly, reduction of virulence factors was associated with reduction of the cytotoxic effects of the bacterial supernatant on CHO-K1 cells, regardless of mode and duration of treatment. The results of this study point to ACP technology as an effective strategy for inactivation of established biofilms and may play an important role in attenuation of virulence of pathogenic bacteria. Further investigation is warranted to propose direct evidence for the inhibition of QS and mechanisms by which this may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Ziuzina
- Plasma Research Group, School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Daniela Boehm
- Plasma Research Group, School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Sonal Patil
- Plasma Research Group, School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - P. J. Cullen
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paula Bourke
- Plasma Research Group, School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 1, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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36
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Decontamination of whole black pepper using different cold atmospheric pressure plasma applications. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Roos YH, Fryer PJ, Knorr D, Schuchmann HP, Schroën K, Schutyser MAI, Trystram G, Windhab EJ. Food Engineering at Multiple Scales: Case Studies, Challenges and the Future—A European Perspective. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-015-9125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Baier M, Janssen T, Wieler LH, Ehlbeck J, Knorr D, Schlüter O. Inactivation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 using cold atmospheric pressure plasma. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:275-9. [PMID: 25782617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
From cultivation to the end of the post-harvest chain, heat-sensitive fresh produce is exposed to a variety of sources of pathogenic microorganisms. If contaminated, effective gentle means of sanitation are necessary to reduce bacterial pathogen load below their infective dose. The occurrence of rare or new serotypes raises the question of their tenacity to inactivation processes. In this study the antibacterial efficiency of cold plasma by an atmospheric pressure plasma-jet was examined against the Shiga toxin-producing outbreak strain Escherichia coli O104:H4. Argon was transformed into non-thermal plasma at a power input of 8 W and a gas flow of 5 L min(-1). Basic tests were performed on polysaccharide gel discs, including the more common E. coli O157:H7 and non-pathogenic E. coli DSM 1116. At 5 mm treatment distance and 10(5) cfu cm(-2) initial bacterial count, plasma reduced E. coli O104:H4 after 60 s by 4.6 ± 0.6 log, E. coli O157:H7 after 45 s by 4.5 ± 0.6 log, and E. coli DSM 1116 after 30 s by 4.4 ± 1.1 log. On the surface of corn salad leaves, gentle plasma application at 17 mm reduced 10(4) cfu cm(-2) of E. coli O104:H4 by 3.3 ± 1.1 log after 2 min, whereas E. coli O157:H7 was inactivated by 3.2 ± 1.1 log after 60 s. In conclusion, plasma treatment has the potential to reduce pathogens such as E. coli O104:H4 on the surface of fresh produce. However, a serotype-specific adaptation of the process parameters is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Baier
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam-Bornim, Germany
| | - Traute Janssen
- Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lothar H Wieler
- Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Ehlbeck
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dietrich Knorr
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Food Process Engineering, Berlin University of Technology, Königin-Luise-Straße 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Schlüter
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam-Bornim, Germany.
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39
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Nishioka T, Takai Y, Kawaradani M, Okada K, Tanimoto H, Misawa T, Kusakari S. Seed disinfection effect of atmospheric pressure plasma and low pressure plasma on Rhizoctonia solani. Biocontrol Sci 2015; 19:99-102. [PMID: 24975415 DOI: 10.4265/bio.19.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Gas plasma generated and applied under two different systems, atmospheric pressure plasma and low pressure plasma, was used to investigate the inactivation efficacy on the seedborne pathogenic fungus, Rhizoctonia solani, which had been artificially introduced to brassicaceous seeds. Treatment with atmospheric plasma for 10 min markedly reduced the R. solani survival rate from 100% to 3% but delayed seed germination. The low pressure plasma treatment reduced the fungal survival rate from 83% to 1.7% after 10 min and the inactivation effect was dependent on the treatment time. The seed germination rate after treatment with the low pressure plasma was not significantly different from that of untreated seeds. The air temperature around the seeds in the low pressure system was lower than that of the atmospheric system. These results suggested that gas plasma treatment under low pressure could be effective in disinfecting the seeds without damaging them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terumi Nishioka
- Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture
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40
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Rumpold BA, Fröhling A, Reineke K, Knorr D, Boguslawski S, Ehlbeck J, Schlüter O. Comparison of volumetric and surface decontamination techniques for innovative processing of mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor). INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Ziuzina D, Patil S, Cullen P, Keener K, Bourke P. Atmospheric cold plasma inactivation of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on fresh produce. Food Microbiol 2014; 42:109-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Hoentsch M, Bussiahn R, Rebl H, Bergemann C, Eggert M, Frank M, von Woedtke T, Nebe B. Persistent effectivity of gas plasma-treated, long time-stored liquid on epithelial cell adhesion capacity and membrane morphology. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104559. [PMID: 25170906 PMCID: PMC4149358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in plasma medicine includes a major interest in understanding gas plasma-cell interactions. The immediate application of gas plasma in vitro inhibits cell attachment, vitality and cell-cell contacts via the liquid. Interestingly, in our novel experiments described here we found that the liquid-mediated plasma effect is long-lasting after storage up to seven days; i. e. the liquid preserves the characteristics once induced by the argon plasma. Therefore, the complete Dulbecco's Modified Eagle cell culture medium was argon plasma-treated (atmospheric pressure, kINPen09) for 60 s, stored for several days (1, 4 and 7 d) at 37°C and added to a confluent mouse hepatocyte epithelial cell (mHepR1) monolayer. Impaired tight junction architecture as well as shortened microvilli on the cell membrane could be observed, which was accompanied by the loss of cell adhesion capacity. Online-monitoring of vital cells revealed a reduced cell respiration. Our first time-dependent analysis of plasma-treated medium revealed that temperature, hydrogen peroxide production, pH and oxygen content can be excluded as initiators of cell physiological and morphological changes. The here observed persisting biological effects in plasma-treated liquids could open new medical applications in dentistry and orthopaedics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxi Hoentsch
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - René Bussiahn
- Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V., Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henrike Rebl
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Claudia Bergemann
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Eggert
- Center for Extracorporeal Organ Support, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marcus Frank
- Medical Biology and Electron Microscopic Center, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V., Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara Nebe
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Ishikawa K, Hori M. Diagnostics of plasma-biological surface interactions in low pressure and atmospheric pressure plasmas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s2010194514603184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of plasma-surface interaction are required to understand in order to control the reactions precisely. Recent progress in atmospheric pressure plasma provides to apply as a tool of sterilization of contaminated foodstuffs. To use the plasma with safety and optimization, the real time in situ detection of free radicals - in particular dangling bonds by using the electron-spin-resonance (ESR) technique has been developed because the free radical plays important roles for dominantly biological reactions. First, the kinetic analysis of free radicals on biological specimens such as fungal spores of Penicillium digitatum interacted with atomic oxygen generated plasma electric discharge. We have obtained information that the in situ real time ESR signal from the spores was observed and assignable to semiquinone radical with a g-value of around 2.004 and a line width of approximately 5G. The decay of the signal was correlated with a link to the inactivation of the fungal spore. Second, we have studied to detect chemical modification of edible meat after the irradiation. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF-MS) and ESR, signals give qualification results for chemical changes on edible liver meat. The in situ real-time measurements have proven to be a useful method to elucidate plasma-induced surface reactions on biological specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ishikawa
- Nagoya University, Furo-cho Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Nagoya University, Furo-cho Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
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Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma: Screening for gentle process conditions and antibacterial efficiency on perishable fresh produce. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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45
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Surowsky B, Fröhling A, Gottschalk N, Schlüter O, Knorr D. Impact of cold plasma on Citrobacter freundii in apple juice: inactivation kinetics and mechanisms. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 174:63-71. [PMID: 24462703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Various studies have shown that cold plasma is capable of inactivating microorganisms located on a variety of food surfaces, food packaging materials and process equipment under atmospheric pressure conditions; however, less attention has been paid to the impact of cold plasma on microorganisms in liquid foodstuffs. The present study investigates cold plasma's ability to inactivate Citrobacter freundii in apple juice. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and temperature measurements were performed to characterise the plasma source. The plasma-related impact on microbial loads was evaluated by traditional plate count methods, while morphological changes were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Physiological property changes were obtained through flow cytometric measurements (membrane integrity, esterase activity and membrane potential). In addition, mathematical modelling was performed in order to achieve a reliable prediction of microbial inactivation and to establish the basis for possible industrial implementation. C. freundii loads in apple juice were reduced by about 5 log cycles after a plasma exposure of 480s using argon and 0.1% oxygen plus a subsequent storage time of 24h. The results indicate that a direct contact between bacterial cells and plasma is not necessary for achieving successful inactivation. The plasma-generated compounds in the liquid, such as H2O2 and most likely hydroperoxy radicals, are particularly responsible for microbial inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Surowsky
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Food Biotechnology and Food Process Engineering, Koenigin-Luise-Str. 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Fröhling
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam, Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nathalie Gottschalk
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Food Biotechnology and Food Process Engineering, Koenigin-Luise-Str. 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Schlüter
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam, Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Dietrich Knorr
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Food Biotechnology and Food Process Engineering, Koenigin-Luise-Str. 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Kramer B, Muranyi P. Effect of pulsed light on structural and physiological properties of Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 116:596-611. [PMID: 24238364 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The application of broad-spectrum intense light pulses is an innovative nonthermal technology for the decontamination of packaging materials, liquids or foodstuffs. The objective of this study was the fundamental investigation of the cellular impact of a pulsed light treatment on Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli. METHODS AND RESULTS Flow cytometry in combination with different fluorescent stains, conventional plate count technique and a viability assay were applied to investigate the effects of a pulsed light treatment on the physiological properties of L. innocua and E. coli. The results showed that loss of cultivability occurred at considerably lower fluences than the shutdown of cellular functions such as the depolarization of cell membranes, the loss of metabolic, esterase and pump activities or the occurrence of membrane damage. Therefore, a considerable proportion of cells appeared to have entered the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state after the pulsed light treatment. A high percentage of L. innocua was able to maintain certain cellular vitality functions after storage overnight, whereas a further decrease in vitality was observed in case of E. coli. The loss of culturability was on the other hand directly accompanied by the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damages, which were assessed by the ROS-sensitive probe DCFH-DA and RAPD-PCR, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A significant discrepancy between conventional plate counts and different viability staining parameters was observed, which shows that a pulsed light treatment does not cause an immediate shutdown of vitality functions even when the number of colony-forming units already decreased for more than 6 log10 sample(-1) . Oxidative stress with concomitant damage to the DNA molecule showed to be directly responsible for the loss of cultivability due to pulsed light rather than a direct rupture of cell membranes or inactivation of intracellular enzymes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The presented results suggest an UV light-induced photochemical rather than a photothermal or photophysical inactivation of bacterial cells by pulsed light under the applied experimental conditions. Flow cytometry in combination with different viability stains proved to be a suitable technique to gain deeper insight into the cellular response of bacteria to inactivation processes like a pulsed light treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kramer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising, Germany
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47
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Baysal AH, Molva C, Unluturk S. UV-C light inactivation and modeling kinetics of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris spores in white grape and apple juices. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 166:494-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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48
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Surowsky B, Fischer A, Schlueter O, Knorr D. Cold plasma effects on enzyme activity in a model food system. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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49
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Differential influence of components resulting from atmospheric-pressure plasma on integrin expression of human HaCaT keratinocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:761451. [PMID: 23936843 PMCID: PMC3712198 DOI: 10.1155/2013/761451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Adequate chronic wound healing is a major problem in medicine. A new solution might be non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma effectively inactivating microorganisms and influencing cells in wound healing. Plasma components as, for example, radicals can affect cells differently. HaCaT keratinocytes were treated with Dielectric Barrier Discharge plasma (DBD/air, DBD/argon), ozone or hydrogen peroxide to find the components responsible for changes in integrin expression, intracellular ROS formation or apoptosis induction. Dependent on plasma treatment time reduction of recovered cells was observed with no increase of apoptotic cells, but breakdown of mitochondrial membrane potential. DBD/air plasma increased integrins and intracellular ROS. DBD/argon caused minor changes. About 100 ppm ozone did not influence integrins. Hydrogen peroxide caused similar effects compared to DBD/air plasma. In conclusion, effects depended on working gas and exposure time to plasma. Short treatment cycles did neither change integrins nor induce apoptosis or ROS. Longer treatments changed integrins as important for influencing wound healing. Plasma effects on integrins are rather attributed to induction of other ROS than to generation of ozone. Changes of integrins by plasma may provide new solutions of improving wound healing, however, conditions are needed which allow initiating the relevant influence on integrins without being cytotoxic to cells.
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50
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Schlüter O, Ehlbeck J, Hertel C, Habermeyer M, Roth A, Engel KH, Holzhauser T, Knorr D, Eisenbrand G. Opinion on the use of plasma processes for treatment of foods*. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:920-7. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Schlüter
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology; University of Kaiserslautern; Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Jörg Ehlbeck
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology; University of Kaiserslautern; Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Christian Hertel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology; University of Kaiserslautern; Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Michael Habermeyer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology; University of Kaiserslautern; Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Angelika Roth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology; University of Kaiserslautern; Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Engel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology; University of Kaiserslautern; Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Thomas Holzhauser
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology; University of Kaiserslautern; Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Dietrich Knorr
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology; University of Kaiserslautern; Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology; University of Kaiserslautern; Kaiserslautern Germany
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