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Ye J, Kan CH, Yang X, Ma C. Inhibition of bacterial RNA polymerase function and protein-protein interactions: a promising approach for next-generation antibacterial therapeutics. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1471-1487. [PMID: 38784472 PMCID: PMC11110800 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00690e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens necessitates the urgent development of new antimicrobial agents with innovative modes of action for the next generation of antimicrobial therapy. Bacterial transcription has been identified and widely studied as a viable target for antimicrobial development. The main focus of these studies has been the discovery of inhibitors that bind directly to the core enzyme of RNA polymerase (RNAP). Over the past two decades, substantial advancements have been made in understanding the properties of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and gaining structural insights into bacterial RNAP and its associated factors. This has led to the crucial role of computational methods in aiding the identification of new PPI inhibitors to affect the RNAP function. In this context, bacterial transcriptional PPIs present promising, albeit challenging, targets for the creation of new antimicrobials. This review will succinctly outline the structural foundation of bacterial transcription networks and provide a summary of the known small molecules that target transcription PPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University Hefei 230032 China
| | - Cheuk Hei Kan
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
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2
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Yang P, Mao W, Zhang J, Yang Y, Zhang F, Ouyang X, Li B, Wu X, Ba Z, Ran K, Tian Y, Liu H, Zhang Y, Gou S, Zhong C, Ni J. A novel antimicrobial peptide with broad-spectrum and exceptional stability derived from the natural peptide Brevicidine. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116337. [PMID: 38537511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The global issue of antibiotic resistance is increasingly severe, highlighting the urgent necessity for the development of new antibiotics. Brevicidine, a natural cyclic lipopeptide, exhibits remarkable antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, a comprehensive structure-activity relationship of Brevicidine was investigated through 20 newly synthesized cyclic lipopeptide analogs, resulting in the identification of an optimal linear analog 22. The sequence of analog 22 consisted of five d-amino acids and four non-natural amino acid 2,5-diaminovaleric acid (Orn) and conjugated with decanoic acid at N-terminal. Compared to Brevicidine, analog 22 was easier to synthesize, and exerted broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and excellent stability (t1/2 = 40.98 h). Additionally, analog 22 demonstrated a rapid bactericidal effect by permeating non-specifically through the bacterial membranes, thereby minimizing the likelihood of inducing resistance. Moreover, it exhibited remarkable efficacy in combating bacterial biofilms and reversing bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics. Furthermore, it effectively suppressed the growth of bacteria in vital organs of mice infected with S. aureus ATCC 25923. In conclusion, analog 22 may represent a potential antimicrobial peptide for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Wenbo Mao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Jingying Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yinyin Yang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Fangyan Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Xu Ouyang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Beibei Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Zufang Ba
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Kaixin Ran
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yali Tian
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Sanhu Gou
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Jingman Ni
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
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3
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Chen W, Wang Q, Wu H, Xia P, Tian R, Li R, Xia L. Molecular epidemiology, phenotypic and genomic characterization of antibiotic-resistant enterococcal isolates from diverse farm animals in Xinjiang, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168683. [PMID: 37996027 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in farm environments can be transferred to humans through the food chain and occupational exposure. Enterococcus infections caused by linezolid resistant enterococci (LRE) are becoming more challenging to treat as their resistance to antibiotics intensifies. Therefore, this study investigated the molecular epidemiology, phenotypic and genomic characterization of enterococci in seven species of farm animals (sheep, chicken, swine, camel, cattle, equine, pigeon) anal swab from Xinjiang, China by agar dilution method, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatics analysis. A total of 771 samples were collected, 599 (78 %) were contaminated with Enterococcus spp., among which Enterococcus faecalis (350/599) was dominant. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that high resistance was observed in rifampicin (80 %), tetracycline (71 %), doxycycline (71 %), and erythromycin (69 %). The results of PCR showed the highest prevalent antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were aac(6')-aph(2″) (85 %), followed by tet(M) (73 %), erm(B) (62 %), and aph(3')-IIIa (61 %). Besides, 29 optrA-carrying E. faecalis isolates belonging to 13 STs (including 3 new alleles) were detected, with ST714 (31 %, 9/29) being the dominant ST type. The phylogenetic tree showed that optrA-carrying E. faecalis prevalent in the intensive swine farm is mainly caused by clonal transmission. Notably, optrA gene in Enterococcus spp. isolate from camel was first characterized here. WGS of E. faecalis F109 isolate from camel confirmed the colocalization of optrA with other five ARGs in the same plasmid (pAFL-109F). The optrA-harboring genetic context is IS1216E-fexA-optrA-erm(A)-IS1216E. This study highlights the prevalence of MDR Enterococcus (≥88 %) and four ARGs (≥75 %) in swine (intensive farming), cattle (commercial farming), and chickens (backyard farming) are high and also highlights that optrA-carrying E. faecalis of farm animals incur a transmission risk to humans through environment, food consumption and others. Therefore, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) monitoring and effective control measures should be strengthened and implemented in diverse animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzhao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore Drug Research and Creation, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Qiaojun Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Rui Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Ruichao Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Lining Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore Drug Research and Creation, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
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4
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Sudzinová P, Šanderová H, Koval' T, Skálová T, Borah N, Hnilicová J, Kouba T, Dohnálek J, Krásný L. What the Hel: recent advances in understanding rifampicin resistance in bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuac051. [PMID: 36549665 PMCID: PMC10719064 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rifampicin is a clinically important antibiotic that binds to, and blocks the DNA/RNA channel of bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP). Stalled, nonfunctional RNAPs can be removed from DNA by HelD proteins; this is important for maintenance of genome integrity. Recently, it was reported that HelD proteins from high G+C Actinobacteria, called HelR, are able to dissociate rifampicin-stalled RNAPs from DNA and provide rifampicin resistance. This is achieved by the ability of HelR proteins to dissociate rifampicin from RNAP. The HelR-mediated mechanism of rifampicin resistance is discussed here, and the roles of HelD/HelR in the transcriptional cycle are outlined. Moreover, the possibility that the structurally similar HelD proteins from low G+C Firmicutes may be also involved in rifampicin resistance is explored. Finally, the discovery of the involvement of HelR in rifampicin resistance provides a blueprint for analogous studies to reveal novel mechanisms of bacterial antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Sudzinová
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics and Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Šanderová
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics and Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Koval'
- Laboratory of Structure and Function of Biomolecules, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Skálová
- Laboratory of Structure and Function of Biomolecules, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Nabajyoti Borah
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics and Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Hnilicová
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics and Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kouba
- Cryogenic Electron Microscopy Research-Service Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dohnálek
- Laboratory of Structure and Function of Biomolecules, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Krásný
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics and Gene Expression, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
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5
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Schami A, Islam MN, Belisle JT, Torrelles JB. Drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: cell envelope profiles and interactions with the host. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1274175. [PMID: 38029252 PMCID: PMC10664572 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1274175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, drug-resistant (DR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), have become increasingly prevalent and pose a threat to worldwide public health. These strains range from multi (MDR) to extensively (XDR) drug-resistant, making them very difficult to treat. Further, the current and future impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the development of DR-TB is still unknown. Although exhaustive studies have been conducted depicting the uniqueness of the M.tb cell envelope, little is known about how its composition changes in relation to drug resistance acquisition. This knowledge is critical to understanding the capacity of DR-M.tb strains to resist anti-TB drugs, and to inform us on the future design of anti-TB drugs to combat these difficult-to-treat strains. In this review, we discuss the complexities of the M.tb cell envelope along with recent studies investigating how M.tb structurally and biochemically changes in relation to drug resistance. Further, we will describe what is currently known about the influence of M.tb drug resistance on infection outcomes, focusing on its impact on fitness, persister-bacteria, and subclinical TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Schami
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - M. Nurul Islam
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - John T. Belisle
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Jordi B. Torrelles
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- International Center for the Advancement of Research & Education, International Center for the Advancement of Research & Education, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
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6
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Le-Deygen IM, Mamaeva PV, Skuredina AA, Safronova AS, Belogurova NG, Kudryashova EV. Combined System for the Simultaneous Delivery of Levofloxacin and Rifampicin: Structural and Functional Properties and Antibacterial Activity. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:381. [PMID: 37504876 PMCID: PMC10381656 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapy of resistant forms of tuberculosis requires the simultaneous use of several drugs, in particular, a combination of rifampicin and levofloxacin. In this paper, we aimed to design a combined system for the simultaneous delivery of these drugs for potential inhalation administration. A feature of this system is the incorporation of rifampicin into optimized liposomal vesicles capable of forming a multipoint non-covalent complex with chitosan-β-cyclodextrin conjugates. Levofloxacin is incorporated into cyclodextrin tori by forming a host-guest complex. Here, a comprehensive study of the physicochemical properties of the obtained systems was carried out and special attention was paid to the kinetics of cargo release for individual drugs and in the combined system. The release of levofloxacin in combined system is slow and is described by the Higuchi model in all cases. The release of rifampicin from liposomes during the formation of complexes with polymeric conjugates is characterized by the change of the Higuchi model to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model with the main type of diffusion against Fick's law. Microbiological studies in solid and liquid growth media a consistently high antibacterial activity of the obtained systems was shown against B. subtilis and E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina M Le-Deygen
- Chemical Enzymology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina V Mamaeva
- Chemical Enzymology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Skuredina
- Chemical Enzymology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia S Safronova
- Chemical Enzymology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia G Belogurova
- Chemical Enzymology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Kudryashova
- Chemical Enzymology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Ordine JVW, de Souza GM, Tamasco G, Virgilio S, Fernandes AFT, Silva-Rocha R, Guazzaroni ME. Metagenomic Insights for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in Soils with Different Land Uses in Brazil. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020334. [PMID: 36830245 PMCID: PMC9952835 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Land-use conversion changes soil properties and their microbial communities, which, combined with the overuse of antibiotics in human and animal health, promotes the expansion of the soil resistome. In this context, we aimed to profile the resistome and the microbiota of soils under different land practices. We collected eight soil samples from different locations in the countryside of São Paulo (Brazil), assessed the community profiles based on 16S rRNA sequencing, and analyzed the soil metagenomes based on shotgun sequencing. We found differences in the communities' structures and their dynamics that were correlated with land practices, such as the dominance of Staphylococcus and Bacillus genera in agriculture fields. Additionally, we surveyed the abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs) across studied soils, observing a higher presence and homogeneity of the vanRO gene in livestock soils. Moreover, three β-lactamases were identified in orchard and urban square soils. Together, our findings reinforce the importance and urgency of AMR surveillance in the environment, especially in soils undergoing deep land-use transformations, providing an initial exploration under the One Health approach of environmental levels of resistance and profiling soil communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Vitor Wagner Ordine
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Messias de Souza
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Tamasco
- ByMyCell Inova Simples. Avenue Dra. Nadir Águiar, 1805-Supera Parque, Ribeirão Preto 14056-680, SP, Brazil
| | - Stela Virgilio
- ByMyCell Inova Simples. Avenue Dra. Nadir Águiar, 1805-Supera Parque, Ribeirão Preto 14056-680, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Tonelli Fernandes
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Silva-Rocha
- ByMyCell Inova Simples. Avenue Dra. Nadir Águiar, 1805-Supera Parque, Ribeirão Preto 14056-680, SP, Brazil
| | - María-Eugenia Guazzaroni
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(16)-33153680
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8
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Yang T, Liu B, Zhou J, Shen Y, Song X, Tang X, Benghezal M, Marshall BJ, Tang H, Li H. The Inappropriateness of Using Rifampicin E-Test to Predict Rifabutin Resistance in Helicobacter pylori. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:S479-S485. [PMID: 36478247 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the rifamycin cross-resistance in Helicobacter pylori, and whether the use of rifampicin E-test strips to screen H. pylori rifabutin resistance is appropriate. METHODS A total of 89 H. pylori isolates were included. Rifampicin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were obtained by E-test, while the MICs for rifapentine, rifaximin, and rifabutin were determined by agar dilution method. The rifamycin resistance rates based on different breakpoints were compared. Isolates with high-level rifampicin resistance were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. RESULTS A wide distribution of MICs (mostly in the range 0.125-8 mg/L) was observed for rifampicin, rifapentine, and rifaximin. Using MIC >1, ≥ 4, and > 4 mg/L as the breakpoints, resistance rates to rifampicin/rifapentine/rifaximin were 60.4%/48.3%/38.2%, 28.1%/25.8%/23.6%, and 15.7%/16.9%/7.9%, respectively. However, the rifabutin MICs of all the tested H. pylori isolates were extremely low (≤0.016 mg/L). Applying MIC ≥ 0.125 mg/L as the breakpoint, rifabutin resistance was nil. No mutation was found in the rpoB gene sequences of the 2 isolates with high-level rifampicin resistance. CONCLUSIONS There is a lack of cross-resistance between rifabutin and other rifamycins in H. pylori. The use of rifampicin E-test to predict H. pylori rifabutin resistance is inappropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiankuo Yang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Aviation Medical Appraisal Center, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
| | | | - Junpeng Zhou
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yalin Shen
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaona Song
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Barry James Marshall
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Li
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Drug Resistance (Dapsone, Rifampicin, Ofloxacin) and Resistance-Related Gene Mutation Features in Leprosy Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012443. [PMID: 36293307 PMCID: PMC9604410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dapsone (DDS), Rifampicin (RIF) and Ofloxacin (OFL) are drugs recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the treatment of leprosy. In the context of leprosy, resistance to these drugs occurs mainly due to mutations in the target genes (Folp1, RpoB and GyrA). It is important to monitor antimicrobial resistance in patients with leprosy. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of drug resistance in Mycobacterium leprae and the mutational profile of the target genes. In this paper, we limited the study period to May 2022 and searched PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, and Embase databases for identified studies. Two independent reviewers extracted the study data. Mutation and drug-resistance rates were estimated in Stata 16.0. The results demonstrated that the drug-resistance rate was 10.18% (95% CI: 7.85–12.51). Subgroup analysis showed the highest resistance rate was in the Western Pacific region (17.05%, 95% CI:1.80 to 13.78), and it was higher after 2009 than before [(11.39%, 7.46–15.33) vs. 6.59% (3.66–9.53)]. We can conclude that the rate among new cases (7.25%, 95% CI: 4.65–9.84) was lower than the relapsed (14.26%, 95 CI%: 9.82–18.71). Mutation rates of Folp1, RpoB and GyrA were 4.40% (95% CI: 3.02–5.77), 3.66% (95% CI: 2.41–4.90) and 1.28% (95% CI: 0.87–1.71) respectively, while the rate for polygenes mutation was 1.73% (0.83–2.63). For further analysis, we used 368 drug-resistant strains as research subjects and found that codons (Ser, Pro, Ala) on RpoB, Folp1 and GyrA are the most common mutation sites in the determining region (DRDR). In addition, the most common substitution patterns of Folp1, RpoB, and GyrA are Pro→Leu, Ser→Leu, and Ala→Val. This study found that a higher proportion of patients has developed resistance to these drugs, and the rate has increased since 2009, which continue to pose a challenge to clinicians. In addition, the amino acid alterations in the sequence of the DRDR regions and the substitution patterns mentioned in the study also provide new ideas for clinical treatment options.
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10
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Hurst-Hess KR, Saxena A, Rudra P, Yang Y, Ghosh P. Mycobacterium abscessus HelR interacts with RNA polymerase to confer intrinsic rifamycin resistance. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3166-3177.e5. [PMID: 35905736 PMCID: PMC9444957 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Rifampicin (RIF), the frontline drug against M. tuberculosis, is completely ineffective against M. abscessus, partially due to the presence of an ADP-ribosyltransferase (Arr) that inactivates RIF. Using RNA-seq, we show that exposure of M. abscessus to sublethal doses of RIF and Rifabutin (RBT), a close analog of RIF, results in an ∼25-fold upregulation of Mab_helR in laboratory and clinical isolates. An isogenic deletion in Mab_helR results in RIF/RBT hypersensitivity, and overexpression of Mab_helR confers RIF tolerance in M. tuberculosis. We demonstrate an increased HelR-RNAP association in RIF-exposed bacteria and a MabHelR-mediated dissociation of RNAP from stalled initiation complexes in vitro. Finally, we show that the tip of the PCh-loop of Mab_helR, present in proximity to RIF, is critical for conferring RIF resistance but dispensable for dissociation of stalled RNAP complexes, suggesting that HelR-mediated RIF resistance requires a step in addition to displacement of RIF-stalled RNAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley R Hurst-Hess
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Aavrati Saxena
- School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Paulami Rudra
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Pallavi Ghosh
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA; School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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11
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Evasion of Antimicrobial Activity in Acinetobacter baumannii by Target Site Modifications: An Effective Resistance Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126582. [PMID: 35743027 PMCID: PMC9223528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative bacillus that causes multiple infections that can become severe, mainly in hospitalized patients. Its high ability to persist on abiotic surfaces and to resist stressors, together with its high genomic plasticity, make it a remarkable pathogen. Currently, the isolation of strains with high antimicrobial resistance profiles has gained relevance, which complicates patient treatment and prognosis. This resistance capacity is generated by various mechanisms, including the modification of the target site where antimicrobial action is directed. This mechanism is mainly generated by genetic mutations and contributes to resistance against a wide variety of antimicrobials, such as β-lactams, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, among others, including polymyxin resistance, which includes colistin, a rescue antimicrobial used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant strains of A. baumannii and other Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide a detailed and up-to-date description of antimicrobial resistance mediated by the target site modification in A. baumannii, as well as to detail the therapeutic options available to fight infections caused by this bacterium.
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12
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Skrzypczak N, Przybylski P. Modifications, biological origin and antibacterial activity of naphthalenoid ansamycins. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1653-1677. [PMID: 35244668 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00002d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2011 to 2021Structural division of natural naphthalenoid ansamycins, regarding the type of the core and length of the ansa chain, and their biosynthetic pathways in microorganisms are discussed. The great biosynthetic plasticity of natural naphthalenoid ansamycins is reflected in their structural variety due to the alterations within ansa bridge or naphthalenoid core portions. A comparison between the biological potency of natural and semisynthetic naphthalenoid ansamycins was performed and discussed in relation to the molecular targets in cells. The antibacterial potency of naphthalenoid ansamycins seems to be dependent on the ansa chain length and conformational flexibility - the higher flexibility of the ansa chain the better biological outcome is noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Skrzypczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Piotr Przybylski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
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13
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Environmental dependence of competitive fitness in rifampin-resistant
rpoB
mutants of
Bacillus subtilis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0242221. [DOI: 10.1128/aem.02422-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase (RNAP) is a highly conserved macromolecular machine that contributes to the flow of genetic information from genotype to phenotype. In
Bacillus subtilis
, mutations in the
rpoB
gene encoding the β-subunit of RNAP have been shown to alter a number of global phenotypes including growth, utilization of unusual nutrient sources, sporulation, germination, and production of secondary metabolites. In addition, the spectrum of mutations in
rpoB
leading to rifampin resistance (Rif
R
) can change dramatically depending upon the environment to which
B. subtilis
cells or spores are exposed. Rif
R
rpoB
mutations have historically been associated with slower growth and reduced fitness; however, these assessments of fitness were conducted on limited collections of mutants in rich laboratory media that poorly reflect natural environments typically inhabited by
B. subtilis
. Using a novel, deep-sequencing approach in addition to traditional measurements of growth rate, lag time, and pairwise competitions, we demonstrated the competitive advantage of specific
rpoB
alleles differs depending on the growth environment in which they are determined.
IMPORTANCE
Microbial resistance to antibiotics is a growing threat to public health across the world. Historically, resistance to antibiotics has been associated with reduced fitness. A growing body of evidence indicates that resistance to rifampin, a frontline antibiotic used to treat mycobacterial and biofilm-associated infections, may increase fitness given an appropriate environment even in the absence of the selective antibiotic. Here we experimentally confirm this phenomenon by directly comparing the fitness of multiple rifampin-resistant mutants of
Bacillus subtilis
in rich LB medium and an asparagine minimal medium. Our research demonstrates that the fitness cost of rifampin resistance can vary greatly depending upon the environment. This has important implications for understanding how microbes develop antimicrobial resistance in the absence of antibiotic selection.
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14
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Hasan CM, Dutta D, Nguyen ANT. Revisiting Antibiotic Resistance: Mechanistic Foundations to Evolutionary Outlook. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 11:antibiotics11010040. [PMID: 35052917 PMCID: PMC8773413 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are the pivotal pillar of contemporary healthcare and have contributed towards its advancement over the decades. Antibiotic resistance emerged as a critical warning to public wellbeing because of unsuccessful management efforts. Resistance is a natural adaptive tool that offers selection pressure to bacteria, and hence cannot be stopped entirely but rather be slowed down. Antibiotic resistance mutations mostly diminish bacterial reproductive fitness in an environment without antibiotics; however, a fraction of resistant populations 'accidentally' emerge as the fittest and thrive in a specific environmental condition, thus favouring the origin of a successful resistant clone. Therefore, despite the time-to-time amendment of treatment regimens, antibiotic resistance has evolved relentlessly. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), we are rapidly approaching a 'post-antibiotic' era. The knowledge gap about antibiotic resistance and room for progress is evident and unified combating strategies to mitigate the inadvertent trends of resistance seem to be lacking. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the genetic and evolutionary foundations of antibiotic resistance will be efficacious to implement policies to force-stop the emergence of resistant bacteria and treat already emerged ones. Prediction of possible evolutionary lineages of resistant bacteria could offer an unswerving impact in precision medicine. In this review, we will discuss the key molecular mechanisms of resistance development in clinical settings and their spontaneous evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chowdhury M. Hasan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences (IVES), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3EA, UK;
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Debprasad Dutta
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences (IVES), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3EA, UK;
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - An N. T. Nguyen
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia;
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15
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Wenholz DS, Miller M, Dawson C, Bhadbhade M, Black DS, Griffith R, Dinh H, Cain A, Lewis P, Kumar N. Inhibitors of bacterial RNA polymerase transcription complex. Bioorg Chem 2021; 118:105481. [PMID: 34801947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of hybrid compounds that incorporated anthranilic acid with activated 1H-indoles through a glyoxylamide linker were designed to target bacterial RNA polymerase holoenzyme formation using computational docking. Synthesis, in vitro transcription inhibition assays, and biological testing of the hybrids identified a range of potent anti-transcription inhibitors with activity against a range of pathogenic bacteria with MICs as low as 3.1 μM. A structure activity relationship study identified the key structural components necessary for inhibition of both bacterial growth and transcription. Correlation of in vitro transcription inhibition activity with in vivo mechanism of action was established using fluorescence microscopy and resistance passaging using Gram-positive bacteria showed no resistance development over 30 days. Furthermore, no toxicity was observed from the compounds in a wax moth larvae model, establishing a platform for the development of a series of new antibacterial drugs with an established mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Wenholz
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2502, Australia
| | - Michael Miller
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Catherine Dawson
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mohan Bhadbhade
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - David StC Black
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2502, Australia
| | - Renate Griffith
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2502, Australia
| | - Hue Dinh
- Department of Biological Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Amy Cain
- Department of Biological Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Peter Lewis
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2502, Australia.
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16
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Nazli A, He D, Xu H, Wang ZP, He Y. A Comparative Insight on the Newly Emerging Rifamycins: Rifametane, Rifalazil, TNP-2092 and TNP-2198. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2846-2862. [PMID: 34365945 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210806114949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rifamycins are considered a milestone for tuberculosis (TB) treatment because of their proficient sterilizing ability. Currently, available TB treatments are complicated and need a long duration, which ultimately leads to failure of patient compliance. Some new rifamycin derivatives, i.e., rifametane, TNP-2092 (rifamycin-quinolizinonehybrid), and TNP-2198 (rifamycin-nitromidazole hybrid) are under clinical trials, which are attempting to overcome the problems associated with TB treatment. The undertaken review is intended to compare the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profiles of these rifamycins, including rifalazil, another derivative terminated in phase II trials, and already approved rifamycins. The emerging resistance of microbes is an imperative consideration associated with antibiotics. Resistance development potential of microbial strains against rifamycins and an overview of chemistry, as well as structure-activity relationship (SAR) of rifamycins, are briefly described. Moreover, issues associated with rifamycins are discussed as well. We expect that newly emerging rifamycins shall appear as potential tools for TB treatment in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adila Nazli
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing. China
| | - David He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing. China
| | - Huacheng Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing. China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing. China
| | - Yun He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing. China
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17
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Hua X, He J, Wang J, Zhang L, Zhang L, Xu Q, Shi K, Leptihn S, Shi Y, Fu X, Zhu P, Higgins PG, Yu Y. Novel tigecycline resistance mechanisms in Acinetobacter baumannii mediated by mutations in adeS, rpoB and rrf. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1404-1417. [PMID: 34170209 PMCID: PMC8274536 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1948804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an important pathogen in hospital acquired infections. Although tigecycline currently remains a potent antibiotic for treating infections caused by multidrug resistant A. baumannii (MDRAB) strains, reports of tigecycline resistant isolates have substantially increased. The resistance mechanisms to tigecycline in A. baumannii are far more complicated and diverse than what has been described in the literature so far. Here, we characterize in vitro-selected MDRAB strains obtained by increasing concentrations of tigecycline. We have identified mutations in adeS, rrf and rpoB that result in reduced susceptibility to tigecycline. Using in situ complementation experiments, we confirm that mutations in rrf, rpoB, and two types of mutations in adeS correlate with tigecycline resistance. By Western blot and polysome profile analysis, we demonstrate that the rrf mutation results in decreased expression of RRF, which affects the process of ribosome recycling ultimately leading to increased tigecycline tolerance. A transcriptional analysis shows that the mutated rpoB gene plays a role in regulating the expression of the SAM-dependent methyltransferase (trm) and transcriptional regulators, to confer moderate tigecycline resistance. This study provides direct in vitro evidence that mutations in the adeS, rpoB and rrf are associated with tigecycline resistance in A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Hua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintao He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyue Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingye Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Keren Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sebastian Leptihn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Fu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,Single-cell Center, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,Single-cell Center, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul G Higgins
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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18
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Abstract
The novel virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei province of China. This virus disseminated rapidly and reached to an unprecedented pandemic proportion in more than 213 nations with a large number of fatalities. The hypersecretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines is the main cause of mortality and morbidity due to COVID-19, therefore strategies that avert the cytokine storm may play a crucial role in abating the severity of COVID-19. This review highlights the minute details of SARS-CoV-2, its genomic organization, genomic variations within structural and non-structural proteins and viral progression mechanism in human beings. The approaches like antiviral strategies are discussed, including drugs that obstruct viral propagation and suppress the pro-inflammatory cytokines. This compilation emphasizes Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) based therapy alone or in combination with other therapeutics as an attractive curative approach for COVID-19 pandemic. The MSCs and its secretome, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have various capabilities, for instance, immunomodulation, regeneration, antimicrobial properties, potential for attenuating the cytokine storm and bare minimum chances of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus. The immunomodulatory property of MSCs affects inflammatory state and regulates immune response during SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, as of now, there is no WHO-approved MSCs based therapy for the treatment of COVID-19 infection. Graphical abstract ![]()
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19
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Lai LY, Hsu LY, Weng SH, Chung SE, Ke HE, Lin TL, Hsieh PF, Lee WT, Tsai HY, Lin WH, Jou R, Wang JT. A Glutamine Insertion at Codon 432 of RpoB Confers Rifampicin Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:583194. [PMID: 33193223 PMCID: PMC7604305 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.583194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Treating TB is challenging; successful treatment requires a long course of multiple antibiotics. Rifampicin (RIF) is a first-line drug for treating TB, and the development of RIF-resistant M. tuberculosis makes treatment even more difficult. To determine the mechanism of RIF resistance in these strains, we searched for novel mutations by sequencing. Four isolates, CDC-1, CDC-2, CDC-3, and CDC-4, had high-level RIF resistance and unique mutations encoding RpoB G158R, RpoB V168A, RpoB S188P, and RpoB Q432insQ, respectively. To evaluate their correlation with RIF resistance, plasmids carrying rpoB genes encoding these mutant proteins were transfected into the H37Rv reference strain. The plasmid complementation of RpoB indicated that G158R, V168A, and S188P did not affect the MIC of RIF. However, the MIC of RIF was increased in H37Rv carrying RpoB Q432insQ. To confirm the correlation between RIF resistance and Q432insQ, we cloned an rpoB fragment carrying the insertion (encoding RpoB Q432insQ) into H37Rv by homologous recombination using a suicide vector. All replacement mutants expressing RpoB Q432insQ were resistant to RIF (MIC > 1 mg/L). These results indicate that RpoB Q432insQ causes RIF resistance in M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yin Lai
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Hsu
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hui Weng
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-En Chung
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-En Ke
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Lee
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yuan Tsai
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsuan Lin
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruwen Jou
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Town Wang
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Pinski A, Zur J, Hasterok R, Hupert-Kocurek K. Comparative Genomics of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Stenotrophomonas rhizophila Revealed Characteristic Features of Both Species. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4922. [PMID: 32664682 PMCID: PMC7404187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains are efficient biocontrol agents, their field applications have raised concerns due to their possible threat to human health. The non-pathogenic Stenotrophomonas rhizophila species, which is closely related to S. maltophilia, has been proposed as an alternative. However, knowledge regarding the genetics of S. rhizophila is limited. Thus, the aim of the study was to define any genetic differences between the species and to characterise their ability to promote the growth of plant hosts as well as to enhance phytoremediation efficiency. We compared 37 strains that belong to both species using the tools of comparative genomics and identified 96 genetic features that are unique to S. maltophilia (e.g., chitin-binding protein, mechanosensitive channels of small conductance and KGG repeat-containing stress-induced protein) and 59 that are unique to S. rhizophila (e.g., glucosylglycerol-phosphate synthase, cold shock protein with the DUF1294 domain, and pteridine-dependent dioxygenase-like protein). The strains from both species have a high potential for biocontrol, which is mainly related to the production of keratinases (KerSMD and KerSMF), proteinases and chitinases. Plant growth promotion traits are attributed to the biosynthesis of siderophores, spermidine, osmoprotectants such as trehalose and glucosylglycerol, which is unique to S. rhizophila. In eight out of 37 analysed strains, the genes that are required to degrade protocatechuate were present. While our results show genetic differences between the two species, they had a similar growth promotion potential. Considering the information above, S. rhizophila constitutes a promising alternative for S. maltophilia for use in agricultural biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Pinski
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska Street, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (J.Z.); (R.H.)
| | | | | | - Katarzyna Hupert-Kocurek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska Street, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (J.Z.); (R.H.)
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Baumert PMP, Camp J, Gölz H, Vavra M, Schuster S, Kern WV, Mischnik A. Detection of High-Level Rifaximin Resistance in Enteric Bacteria by Agar Screen. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 26:545-549. [PMID: 31855490 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of rifaximin resistance in a large collection of Enterobacterales resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. A simple agar screen was developed to detect high-level resistance. Methods: A total of 401 isolates nonsusceptible to third-generation cephalosporins (including 342 Escherichia coli and 39 Klebsiella spp. and 20 Enterobacter spp.) were tested by microdilution for their MICs of rifaximin and rifampicin. Isolates with a confirmed rifaximin minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of >64 mg/L and a number of high-level resistant, and susceptible control isolates were tested for growth on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with rifaximin or rifampicin at a concentration of 256 mg/L. Amino acid mutations in rpoB and the presence of rifaximin resistance-associated genes arabidopsis response regulator (arr) 2/3 were investigated. Results: Microdilution assays identified rifaximin resistance in nine E. coli and three Klebsiella spp. isolates with complete cross-resistance to rifampicin (MICs of both >64 mg/L). The rifaximin agar screen correctly identified 9/9 clinical E. coli isolates, 2/2 E. coli controls, and 3/3 Klebsiella spp. with high-level rifaximin resistance, and was negative in 45 control clinical isolates with rifaximin MICs ranging between 2 and 32 mg/L according to broth microdilution. All nine high-level rifaximin agar screen-positive E. coli clinical isolates (vs. none of the tested controls) had rpoB mutations or carried arr2/3. Conclusions: Our agar screen test has the potential to detect high-level rifaximin-resistant Enterobacterales. Such strains remain rare among extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-positive enteric bacteria, but may emerge among patients receiving rifaximin for prevention of hepatic encephalopathy and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or among patients receiving rifaximin for other indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M P Baumert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital and Medical Centre Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Camp
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital and Medical Centre Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Gölz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital and Medical Centre Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martina Vavra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital and Medical Centre Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Schuster
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital and Medical Centre Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Winfried V Kern
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital and Medical Centre Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Mischnik
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital and Medical Centre Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Bacterial Cytological Profiling as a Tool To Study Mechanisms of Action of Antibiotics That Are Active against Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.02310-18. [PMID: 30745382 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02310-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) infections have been reported worldwide, posing a threat to public health. The establishment of methods to elucidate the mechanism of action (MOA) of A. baumannii-specific antibiotics is needed to develop novel antimicrobial therapeutics with activity against MDR-AB We previously developed bacterial cytological profiling (BCP) to understand the MOA of compounds in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis Given how distantly related A. baumannii is to these species, it was unclear to what extent it could be applied. Here, we implemented BCP as an antibiotic MOA discovery platform for A. baumannii We found that the BCP platform can distinguish among six major antibiotic classes and can also subclassify antibiotics that inhibit the same cellular pathway but have different molecular targets. We used BCP to show that the compound NSC145612 inhibits the growth of A. baumannii via targeting RNA transcription. We confirmed this result by isolating and characterizing resistant mutants with mutations in the rpoB gene. Altogether, we conclude that BCP provides a useful tool for MOA studies of antibacterial compounds that are active against A. baumannii.
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Dehnavi A, Soleymanpour A. New chemically modified carbon paste sensor for nanomolar concentration measurement of rifampicin in biological and pharmaceutical media. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 94:403-409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
During the past decades resistance to virtually all antimicrobial agents has been observed in bacteria of animal origin. This chapter describes in detail the mechanisms so far encountered for the various classes of antimicrobial agents. The main mechanisms include enzymatic inactivation by either disintegration or chemical modification of antimicrobial agents, reduced intracellular accumulation by either decreased influx or increased efflux of antimicrobial agents, and modifications at the cellular target sites (i.e., mutational changes, chemical modification, protection, or even replacement of the target sites). Often several mechanisms interact to enhance bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents. This is a completely revised version of the corresponding chapter in the book Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria of Animal Origin published in 2006. New sections have been added for oxazolidinones, polypeptides, mupirocin, ansamycins, fosfomycin, fusidic acid, and streptomycins, and the chapters for the remaining classes of antimicrobial agents have been completely updated to cover the advances in knowledge gained since 2006.
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25
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Rifampin Resistance in Staphylococci after Rifaximin Intake for Surgical Prophylaxis in Elective Colorectal Surgery. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.01353-18. [PMID: 30249689 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01353-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to determine whether rifampin resistance emerges in human skin staphylococci after oral intake of rifaximin for surgical prophylaxis. Rifampin-resistant staphylococci appeared on the skin of 32 out of 74 patients (43.2%) two weeks after prophylactic treatment with rifaximin. In all cases, the resistant strains were coagulase-negative staphylococci. The resistance completely reverted after three months. This study shows the emergence of transient resistance to rifampin after rifaximin intake.
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Boudjemaa R, Briandet R, Fontaine-Aupart MP, Steenkeste K. How do fluorescence spectroscopy and multimodal fluorescence imaging help to dissect the enhanced efficiency of the vancomycin-rifampin combination against Staphylococcus aureus infections? Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 16:1391-1399. [PMID: 28664201 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most frequent pathogens responsible for biofilm-associated infections. Among current clinical antibiotics, very few enable long-term successful treatment. Thus, it becomes necessary to better understand antibiotic failures and successes in treating infections in order to master the use of proper antibiotic therapies. In this context, we took benefit from a set of fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging methods, with the support of conventional microbiological tools to better understand the vancomycin-rifampin combination (in)efficiency against S. aureus biofilms. It was shown that both antibiotics interacted by forming a complex. This latter allowed a faster penetration of the drugs before dissociating from each other to interact with their respective biological targets. However, sufficiently high concentrations of free vancomycin should be maintained, either by increasing the vancomycin concentration or by applying repetitive doses of the two drugs, in order to eradicate rifampin-resistant mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rym Boudjemaa
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France.
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Lage EV, Magalhães J, Pinheiro M, Reis S. Effect of the alkyl group in the piperazine N-substitution on the therapeutic action of rifamycins: A drug-membrane interaction study. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 289:75-80. [PMID: 29709589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we studied the effects of the N-alkyl group (methyl, cyclopentyl) in the piperazine ring of, respectively, rifampicin (RIF) and rifapentine (RPT) to correlate this substitution with their differential pharmacokinetic properties and overall clinical performance. Since this group is their only structural change, and given that they share the same pharmacological target, differences in their therapeutic behavior may respond to this asset, particularly in their interaction with lipid membranes across the organism. In this study, surface pressure-area isotherms, as well as spectroscopic and microscopic techniques of characterization of phospholipid monolayers at the air/water interface were used to gain insight into drug-membrane interactions. Differences in the affinity for lipid membranes for both drugs, given by the vibration frequency of characteristic chemical groups in the lipid, as well as by reflectivity and mean molecular area of the monolayer, seem to be due to the N-alkyl substituent and can contribute to provide a molecular explanation as why they pose different choices in the chemotherapy against the deadliest infectious disease, tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emílio V Lage
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Química Física, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galiza, Spain
| | - Joana Magalhães
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Pinheiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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28
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Rosas T, García-Ferris C, Domínguez-Santos R, Llop P, Latorre A, Moya A. Rifampicin treatment of Blattella germanica evidences a fecal transmission route of their gut microbiota. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2018; 94:4794938. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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29
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Wi YM, Greenwood-Quaintance KE, Brinkman CL, Lee JYH, Howden BP, Patel R. Rifampicin resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis: molecular characterisation and fitness cost of rpoB mutations. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 51:670-677. [PMID: 29287710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms and characteristics of rifampicin (RIF) resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis are poorly characterised, even though S. epidermidis is one of the most common nosocomial pathogens associated with indwelling medical device-related infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of RIF resistance and to characterise the associated molecular mechanisms in S. epidermidis. RIF-resistant mutants from two RIF-susceptible S. epidermidis strains (RP62A and IDRL-8883) were selected through in vitro and in vivo exposure to RIF. A total of 16 colonies with an RP62A background and 63 colonies with an IDRL-8883 background were analysed for rpoB mutations. The fitness of RIF-susceptible and isogenic RIF-resistant strains was assessed using a paired competition assay and by comparing generation times. All mutations detected were in cluster I of rpoB. The following five amino acid substitutions were selected in vitro: Asp471→Asn; Asp471→Gly; Asp471→Val; Ser486→Tyr; and His481→Tyr. The following three amino acid substitutions were selected in vivo: His481→Tyr; Gln468→Lys; and Ser486→Phe. Asp471→Asn and Asp471→Gly changes were associated with susceptible minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). In vitro competition assays revealed that all RIF-resistant mutants other than Ser486→Tyr and Ser486→Phe had a relative fitness of <1.0. His481→Tyr mutations had their own specific fitness costs and effects on growth rate, irrespective of strain background. In conclusion, the current study presents molecular characterisations and fitness costs of several rpoB mutations in S. epidermidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mi Wi
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Cassandra L Brinkman
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jean Y H Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology at The Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology at The Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Arr-cb Is a Rifampin Resistance Determinant Found Active or Cryptic in Clostridium bolteae Strains. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00301-17. [PMID: 28533241 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00301-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridiumbolteae, which belongs to the Clostridium clostridioforme complex, is a member of the human gut microbiota. Recent analysis of seven genomes of Cbolteae revealed the presence of an arr-like gene. Among these strains, only 90A7 was found to be resistant to rifampin in the absence of alteration of RpoB. Cloning of arr-cb from 90A7 in Escherichia coli combined with directed mutagenesis demonstrated that Arr-cb was functional but that a Q127→R variant present in 90A9 and 90B3 was inactive. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis indicated that arr-cb was silent in the four remaining strains because of defective transcription. Thus, two independent mechanisms can make the probably intrinsic arr-cb gene of Cbolteae cryptic.
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31
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Sharifi M, Dolatabadi JEN, Fathi F, Rashidi M, Jafari B, Tajalli H, Rashidi MR. Kinetic and thermodynamic study of bovine serum albumin interaction with rifampicin using surface plasmon resonance and molecular docking methods. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:37002. [PMID: 28253382 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.3.037002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with various drugs, such as antibiotics, due to the importance of BSA in drug delivery has attracted increasing research attention at present. Therefore, the aim of this study was investigation of BSA interaction with rifampicin using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and molecular docking methods under the imitated physiological conditions ( pH = 7.4 ). BSA immobilization on carboxymethyl dextran hydrogel chip has been carried out after activation with N-hydroxysuccinimide/N-ethyl-N-(3-diethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide. The dose-response sensorgrams of BSA upon increasing concentration of refampicin were attained in SPR analysis. The high affinity of rifampicin to BSA was demonstrated by a low equilibrium constants ( K D ) value ( 3.46 × 10 ? 5 at 40°C). The process of kinetic values changing shows that affinity of BSA to rifampicin decreased with rising temperature. The positive value of both enthalpy change ( ? H ) and entropy change ( ? S ) showed that hydrophobic force plays major role in the BSA interaction with rifampicin. The positive value of ? G was indicative of nonspontaneous and enthalpy-driven binding process. In addition, according to the molecular docking study, hydrogen binding has some contributions in the interaction of rifampicin with BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sharifi
- University of Tabriz, Research Institute for Applied Physics and Astronomy, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Ezzati Nazhad Dolatabadi
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fathi
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz, IrancTabriz University of Medical Sciences, Student Research Committee, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashidi
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Jafari
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Habib Tajalli
- University of Tabriz, Research Institute for Applied Physics and Astronomy, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Rashidi
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz, Iran
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Rominski A, Roditscheff A, Selchow P, Böttger EC, Sander P. Intrinsic rifamycin resistance ofMycobacterium abscessusis mediated by ADP-ribosyltransferase MAB_0591. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 72:376-384. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Liu LK, Abdelwahab H, Martin Del Campo JS, Mehra-Chaudhary R, Sobrado P, Tanner JJ. The Structure of the Antibiotic Deactivating, N-hydroxylating Rifampicin Monooxygenase. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21553-21562. [PMID: 27557658 PMCID: PMC5076826 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.745315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rifampicin monooxygenase (RIFMO) catalyzes the N-hydroxylation of the natural product antibiotic rifampicin (RIF) to 2'-N-hydroxy-4-oxo-rifampicin, a metabolite with much lower antimicrobial activity. RIFMO shares moderate sequence similarity with well characterized flavoprotein monooxygenases, but the protein has not been isolated and characterized at the molecular level. Herein, we report crystal structures of RIFMO from Nocardia farcinica, the determination of the oligomeric state in solution with small angle x-ray scattering, and the spectrophotometric characterization of substrate binding. The structure identifies RIFMO as a class A flavoprotein monooxygenase and is similar in fold and quaternary structure to MtmOIV and OxyS, which are enzymes in the mithramycin and oxytetracycline biosynthetic pathways, respectively. RIFMO is distinguished from other class A flavoprotein monooxygenases by its unique middle domain, which is involved in binding RIF. Small angle x-ray scattering analysis shows that RIFMO dimerizes via the FAD-binding domain to form a bell-shaped homodimer in solution with a maximal dimension of 110 Å. RIF binding was monitored using absorbance at 525 nm to determine a dissociation constant of 13 μm Steady-state oxygen consumption assays show that NADPH efficiently reduces the FAD only when RIF is present, implying that RIF binds before NADPH in the catalytic scheme. The 1.8 Å resolution structure of RIFMO complexed with RIF represents the precatalytic conformation that occurs before formation of the ternary E-RIF-NADPH complex. The RIF naphthoquinone blocks access to the FAD N5 atom, implying that large conformational changes are required for NADPH to reduce the FAD. A model for these conformational changes is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kai Liu
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and
| | - Heba Abdelwahab
- the Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, and
- the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | | | | | - Pablo Sobrado
- the Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, and
| | - John J Tanner
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and
- Chemistry and
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Mechanism of Rifampicin Inactivation in Nocardia farcinica. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162578. [PMID: 27706151 PMCID: PMC5051949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel mechanism of rifampicin (Rif) resistance has recently been reported in Nocardia farcinica. This new mechanism involves the activity of rifampicin monooxygenase (RifMO), a flavin-dependent monooxygenase that catalyzes the hydroxylation of Rif, which is the first step in the degradation pathway. Recombinant RifMO was overexpressed and purified for biochemical analysis. Kinetic characterization revealed that Rif binding is necessary for effective FAD reduction. RifMO exhibits only a 3-fold coenzyme preference for NADPH over NADH. RifMO catalyzes the incorporation of a single oxygen atom forming an unstable intermediate that eventually is converted to 2'-N-hydroxy-4-oxo-Rif. Stable C4a-hydroperoxyflavin was not detected by rapid kinetics methods, which is consistent with only 30% of the activated oxygen leading to product formation. These findings represent the first reported detailed biochemical characterization of a flavin-monooxygenase involved in antibiotic resistance.
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35
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Aminov R. History of antimicrobial drug discovery: Major classes and health impact. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 133:4-19. [PMID: 27720719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of antibiotics into clinical practice revolutionized the treatment and management of infectious diseases. Before the introduction of antibiotics, these diseases were the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in human populations. This review presents a brief history of discovery of the main antimicrobial classes (arsphenamines, β-lactams, sulphonamides, polypeptides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, amphenicols, lipopeptides, macrolides, oxazolidinones, glycopeptides, streptogramins, ansamycins, quinolones, and lincosamides) that have changed the landscape of contemporary medicine. Given within a historical timeline context, the review discusses how the introduction of certain antimicrobial classes affected the morbidity and mortality rates due to bacterial infectious diseases in human populations. Problems of resistance to antibiotics of different classes are also extensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustam Aminov
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom.
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36
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Ch Ho E, Buckley KM, Schrankel CS, Schuh NW, Hibino T, Solek CM, Bae K, Wang G, Rast JP. Perturbation of gut bacteria induces a coordinated cellular immune response in the purple sea urchin larva. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 94:861-874. [PMID: 27192936 PMCID: PMC5073156 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) genome sequence contains a complex repertoire of genes encoding innate immune recognition proteins and homologs of important vertebrate immune regulatory factors. To characterize how this immune system is deployed within an experimentally tractable, intact animal, we investigate the immune capability of the larval stage. Sea urchin embryos and larvae are morphologically simple and transparent, providing an organism-wide model to view immune response at cellular resolution. Here we present evidence for immune function in five mesenchymal cell types based on morphology, behavior and gene expression. Two cell types are phagocytic; the others interact at sites of microbial detection or injury. We characterize immune-associated gene markers for three cell types, including a perforin-like molecule, a scavenger receptor, a complement-like thioester-containing protein and the echinoderm-specific immune response factor 185/333. We elicit larval immune responses by (1) bacterial injection into the blastocoel and (2) seawater exposure to the marine bacterium Vibrio diazotrophicus to perturb immune state in the gut. Exposure at the epithelium induces a strong response in which pigment cells (one type of immune cell) migrate from the ectoderm to interact with the gut epithelium. Bacteria that accumulate in the gut later invade the blastocoel, where they are cleared by phagocytic and granular immune cells. The complexity of this coordinated, dynamic inflammatory program within the simple larval morphology provides a system in which to characterize processes that direct both aspects of the echinoderm-specific immune response as well as those that are shared with other deuterostomes, including vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ch Ho
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine M Buckley
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine S Schrankel
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas W Schuh
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taku Hibino
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia M Solek
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Koeun Bae
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guizhi Wang
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Rast
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Rifamycins inhibit RNA polymerase of most bacterial genera. Rifampicin remains part of combination therapy for treating tuberculosis (TB), and for treating Gram-positive prosthetic joint and valve infections, in which biofilms are prominent. Rifabutin has use for AIDS patients in treating mycobacterial infections TB and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), having fewer drug-drug interactions that interfere with AIDS medications. Rifabutin is occasionally used in combination to eradicate Helicobacter pylori (peptic ulcer disease). Rifapentine has yet to fulfill its potential in reducing time of treatment for TB. Rifaximin is a monotherapeutic agent to treat gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, such as hepatic encephalopathy, irritable bowel syndrome, and travelers' diarrhea. Rifaximin is confined to the GI tract because it is not systemically absorbed on oral dosing, achieving high local concentrations, and showing anti-inflammatory properties in addition to its antibacterial activity. Resistance issues are unavoidable with all the rifamycins when the bioburden is high, because of mutations that modify RNA polymerase.
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Stogios PJ, Cox G, Spanogiannopoulos P, Pillon MC, Waglechner N, Skarina T, Koteva K, Guarné A, Savchenko A, Wright GD. Rifampin phosphotransferase is an unusual antibiotic resistance kinase. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11343. [PMID: 27103605 PMCID: PMC4844700 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rifampin (RIF) phosphotransferase (RPH) confers antibiotic resistance by conversion of RIF and ATP, to inactive phospho-RIF, AMP and Pi. Here we present the crystal structure of RPH from Listeria monocytogenes (RPH-Lm), which reveals that the enzyme is comprised of three domains: two substrate-binding domains (ATP-grasp and RIF-binding domains); and a smaller phosphate-carrying His swivel domain. Using solution small-angle X-ray scattering and mutagenesis, we reveal a mechanism where the swivel domain transits between the spatially distinct substrate-binding sites during catalysis. RPHs are previously uncharacterized dikinases that are widespread in environmental and pathogenic bacteria. These enzymes are members of a large unexplored group of bacterial enzymes with substrate affinities that have yet to be fully explored. Such an enzymatically complex mechanism of antibiotic resistance augments the spectrum of strategies used by bacteria to evade antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Stogios
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L6
| | - Georgina Cox
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Peter Spanogiannopoulos
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Monica C. Pillon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Nicholas Waglechner
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Tatiana Skarina
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Kalinka Koteva
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Alba Guarné
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Alexei Savchenko
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L6
| | - Gerard D. Wright
- M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
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Structural basis of rifampin inactivation by rifampin phosphotransferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:3803-8. [PMID: 27001859 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1523614113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rifampin (RIF) is a first-line drug used for the treatment of tuberculosis and other bacterial infections. Various RIF resistance mechanisms have been reported, and recently an RIF-inactivation enzyme, RIF phosphotransferase (RPH), was reported to phosphorylate RIF at its C21 hydroxyl at the cost of ATP. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remained unknown. Here, we solve the structures of RPH from Listeria monocytogenes (LmRPH) in different conformations. LmRPH comprises three domains: an ATP-binding domain (AD), an RIF-binding domain (RD), and a catalytic His-containing domain (HD). Structural analyses reveal that the C-terminal HD can swing between the AD and RD, like a toggle switch, to transfer phosphate. In addition to its catalytic role, the HD can bind to the AD and induce conformational changes that stabilize ATP binding, and the binding of the HD to the RD is required for the formation of the RIF-binding pocket. A line of hydrophobic residues forms the RIF-binding pocket and interacts with the 1-amino, 2-naphthol, 4-sulfonic acid and naphthol moieties of RIF. The R group of RIF points toward the outside of the pocket, explaining the low substrate selectivity of RPH. Four residues near the C21 hydroxyl of RIF, His825, Arg666, Lys670, and Gln337, were found to play essential roles in the phosphorylation of RIF; among these the His825 residue may function as the phosphate acceptor and donor. Our study reveals the molecular mechanism of RIF phosphorylation catalyzed by RPH and will guide the development of a new generation of rifamycins.
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Siriyong T, Chusri S, Srimanote P, Tipmanee V, Voravuthikunchai SP. Holarrhena antidysenterica Extract and Its Steroidal Alkaloid, Conessine, as Resistance-Modifying Agents Against Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 22:273-82. [PMID: 26745443 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii have become a major public health concern. This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of Holarrhena antidysenterica extract and its major steroidal alkaloid conessine as resistance-modifying agents (RMAs) on the susceptibility of A. baumannii to novobiocin and rifampicin. A significant synergistic activity of both the extract and conessine in combination with either novobiocin or rifampicin with fractional inhibitory concentration index ≤0.5 was demonstrated. Fluorescent dyes and different efflux pump inhibitors were used to further investigate the synergism. Increase in the uptake of 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine in the bacterial cells treated with the extract and conessine was not observed indicating that both substances did not act as permeabilizers. With regard to efflux pump inhibition, no accumulation in ethidium bromide (EtBr) was noticed suggesting that the AdeABC pump was not involved. In contrast, accumulation in Pyronin Y was significantly increased (p < 0.05) demonstrating that the synergism was due to interference with the AdeIJK pump. Study on frequencies of the spontaneous mutational resistance to the extract in combination with antibiotics demonstrated attenuation in drug-resistant organisms. Thus, H. antidysenterica extract and conessine as RMAs may offer a combinatory therapy to restore antibiotic susceptibility in the extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanyaluck Siriyong
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Sasitorn Chusri
- 2 Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine and Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Potjanee Srimanote
- 3 Graduate Program, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University , Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Varomyalin Tipmanee
- 4 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai, Thailand
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Gonzales PR, Pesesky MW, Bouley R, Ballard A, Biddy BA, Suckow MA, Wolter WR, Schroeder VA, Burnham CAD, Mobashery S, Chang M, Dantas G. Synergistic, collaterally sensitive β-lactam combinations suppress resistance in MRSA. Nat Chem Biol 2015; 11:855-61. [PMID: 26368589 PMCID: PMC4618095 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most prevalent multidrug-resistant pathogens worldwide, exhibiting increasing resistance to the latest antibiotic therapies. Here we show that the triple β-lactam combination meropenem-piperacillin-tazobactam (ME/PI/TZ) acts synergistically and is bactericidal against MRSA subspecies N315 and 72 other clinical MRSA isolates in vitro and clears MRSA N315 infection in a mouse model. ME/PI/TZ suppresses evolution of resistance in MRSA via reciprocal collateral sensitivity of its constituents. We demonstrate that these activities also extend to other carbapenem-penicillin-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. ME/PI/TZ circumvents the tight regulation of the mec and bla operons in MRSA, the basis for inducible resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Furthermore, ME/PI/TZ subverts the function of penicillin-binding protein-2a (PBP2a) via allostery, which we propose as the mechanism for both synergy and collateral sensitivity. Showing in vivo activity similar to that of linezolid, ME/PI/TZ demonstrates that combinations of older β-lactam antibiotics could be effective against MRSA infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R. Gonzales
- Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Mitchell W. Pesesky
- Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Renee Bouley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Anna Ballard
- Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Brent A. Biddy
- Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Mark A. Suckow
- Freimann Life Sciences Center and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - William R. Wolter
- Freimann Life Sciences Center and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Valerie A. Schroeder
- Freimann Life Sciences Center and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Carey-Ann D. Burnham
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Mayland Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Gautam Dantas
- Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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Gliniewicz K, Wildung M, Orfe LH, Wiens GD, Cain KD, Lahmers KK, Snekvik KR, Call DR. Potential mechanisms of attenuation for rifampicin-passaged strains of Flavobacterium psychrophilum. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:179. [PMID: 26377311 PMCID: PMC4571129 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the etiologic agent of bacterial coldwater disease in salmonids. Earlier research showed that a rifampicin-passaged strain of F. psychrophilum (CSF 259-93B.17) caused no disease in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) while inducing a protective immune response against challenge with the virulent CSF 259–93 strain. We hypothesized that rifampicin passage leads to an accumulation of genomic mutations that, by chance, reduce virulence. To assess the pattern of phenotypic and genotypic changes associated with passage, we examined proteomic, LPS and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) differences for two F. psychrophilum strains (CSF 259–93 and THC 02–90) that were passaged with and without rifampicin selection. Results Rifampicin resistance was conveyed by expected mutations in rpoB, although affecting different DNA bases depending on the strain. One rifampicin-passaged CSF 259–93 strain (CR) was attenuated (4 % mortality) in challenged fish, but only accumulated eight nonsynonymous SNPs compared to the parent strain. A CSF 259–93 strain passaged without rifampicin (CN) accumulated five nonsynonymous SNPs and was partially attenuated (28 % mortality) compared to the parent strain (54.5 % mortality). In contrast, there were no significant change in fish mortalities among THC 02–90 wild-type and passaged strains, despite numerous SNPs accumulated during passage with (n = 174) and without rifampicin (n = 126). While only three missense SNPs were associated with attenuation, a Ser492Phe rpoB mutation in the CR strain may contribute to further attenuation. All strains except CR retained a gliding motility phenotype. Few proteomic differences were observed by 2D SDS-PAGE and there were no apparent changes in LPS between strains. Comparative methylome analysis of two strains (CR and TR) identified no shared methylation motifs for these two strains. Conclusion Multiple genomic changes arose during passage experiments with rifampicin selection pressure. Consistent with our hypothesis, unique strain-specific mutations were detected for the fully attenuated (CR), partially attenuated (CN) and another fully attenuated strain (B17). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0518-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Gliniewicz
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA. .,Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA.
| | - Mark Wildung
- Molecular Biology and Genomics Core, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Lisa H Orfe
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Gregory D Wiens
- USDA-ARS-National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Leetown, WV, USA.
| | - Kenneth D Cain
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.
| | - Kevin K Lahmers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA. .,Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Kevin R Snekvik
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA. .,Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Douglas R Call
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA. .,Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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Mutai P, Pavadai E, Wiid I, Ngwane A, Baker B, Chibale K. Synthesis, antimycobacterial evaluation and pharmacophore modeling of analogues of the natural product formononetin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2510-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chusri S, Siriyong T, Na-Phatthalung P, Voravuthikunchai SP. Synergistic effects of ethnomedicinal plants of Apocynaceae family and antibiotics against clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 7:456-61. [PMID: 25066394 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of 17 ethnomedicinal plants belonging to Apocynaceae family used in combination with 16 conventional antibiotics against non-multidrug resistant-, multidrug resistant (MDR)-, and extensive drug resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii). METHODS Antibacterial activity and resistance modifying ability of 272 combinations were determined by growth inhibition assays and further confirmed by time-kill assay. RESULTS Among the combinations of the antibiotics with Apocynaceae ethanol extracts on this pathogen, 15 (5%) had synergistic effects, 23 (8%) had partial synergistic effects and 234 (86%) had no effects. Synergistic activity was observed mostly when the Apocynaceae extracts were combined with rifampicin or cefazolin. Interestingly, 10 out of 17 combinations between the extracts and rifampicin displayed synergistic or partial synergistic behaviors. Holarrhena antidysenterica extract was additionally tested to restore rifampicin activity against clinical isolates of MDR and XDR A. baumannii. With respect to total or partial synergy, 70% was XDR A. baumannii isolates and 66% was MDR A. baumannii isolates. CONCLUSIONS Holarrhena antidysenterica extract clearly demonstrated the ability to restore rifampicin activity against both A. baumannii ATCC19606 and clinically isolated A. baumannii. Additional studies examining its active principles as well as mechanisms of actions such as the effects on efflux pumps and outer membrane permeability alterations are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasitorn Chusri
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
| | - Thanyaluck Siriyong
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Pinanong Na-Phatthalung
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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Walter ND, Dolganov GM, Garcia BJ, Worodria W, Andama A, Musisi E, Ayakaka I, Van TT, Voskuil MI, de Jong BC, Davidson RM, Fingerlin TE, Kechris K, Palmer C, Nahid P, Daley CL, Geraci M, Huang L, Cattamanchi A, Strong M, Schoolnik GK, Davis JL. Transcriptional Adaptation of Drug-tolerant Mycobacterium tuberculosis During Treatment of Human Tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2015; 212:990-8. [PMID: 25762787 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment initiation rapidly kills most drug-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but a bacterial subpopulation tolerates prolonged drug exposure. We evaluated drug-tolerant bacilli in human sputum by comparing messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of drug-tolerant bacilli that survive the early bactericidal phase with treatment-naive bacilli. METHODS M. tuberculosis gene expression was quantified via reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in serial sputa from 17 Ugandans treated for drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis. RESULTS Within 4 days, bacterial mRNA abundance declined >98%, indicating rapid killing. Thereafter, the rate of decline slowed >94%, indicating drug tolerance. After 14 days, 16S ribosomal RNA transcripts/genome declined 96%, indicating slow growth. Drug-tolerant bacilli displayed marked downregulation of genes associated with growth, metabolism, and lipid synthesis and upregulation in stress responses and key regulatory categories-including stress-associated sigma factors, transcription factors, and toxin-antitoxin genes. Drug efflux pumps were upregulated. The isoniazid stress signature was induced by initial drug exposure, then disappeared after 4 days. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptional patterns suggest that drug-tolerant bacilli in sputum are in a slow-growing, metabolically and synthetically downregulated state. Absence of the isoniazid stress signature in drug-tolerant bacilli indicates that physiological state influences drug responsiveness in vivo. These results identify novel drug targets that should aid in development of novel shorter tuberculosis treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Walter
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora Pulmonary Division, Denver Veterans Administration Medical Center, Colorado
| | - Gregory M Dolganov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, California
| | - Benjamin J Garcia
- Integrated Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver Computational Bioscience Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora
| | - William Worodria
- Makerere University-University of California, San Francisco Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alfred Andama
- Makerere University-University of California, San Francisco Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Emmanuel Musisi
- Makerere University-University of California, San Francisco Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Irene Ayakaka
- Makerere University-University of California, San Francisco Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tran T Van
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, California
| | - Martin I Voskuil
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | | | - Rebecca M Davidson
- Integrated Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver
| | - Tasha E Fingerlin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora
| | - Claire Palmer
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora
| | - Payam Nahid
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco
| | - Charles L Daley
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora Division of Mycobacterial and Respiratory Infections, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Mark Geraci
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora
| | - Laurence Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco HIV/AIDS Division, University of California San Francisco
| | - Adithya Cattamanchi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco
| | - Michael Strong
- Integrated Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver
| | - Gary K Schoolnik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, California
| | - John Lucian Davis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco
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Manning T, Mikula R, Wylie G, Phillips D, Jarvis J, Zhang F. Structural measurements and cell line studies of the copper–PEG–Rifampicin complex against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:451-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bujnowski K, Synoradzki L, Zevaco TA, Dinjus E, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Napiórkowska A. Rifamycin antibiotics—new compounds and synthetic methods. Part 4: Study of the reaction of 3-formylrifamycin SV with secondary amines and ketones. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Abstract
The definition of the heterogeneous group of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) is still based on diagnostic procedures that fulfill the clinical need to differentiate between Staphylococcus aureus and those staphylococci classified historically as being less or nonpathogenic. Due to patient- and procedure-related changes, CoNS now represent one of the major nosocomial pathogens, with S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus being the most significant species. They account substantially for foreign body-related infections and infections in preterm newborns. While S. saprophyticus has been associated with acute urethritis, S. lugdunensis has a unique status, in some aspects resembling S. aureus in causing infectious endocarditis. In addition to CoNS found as food-associated saprophytes, many other CoNS species colonize the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals and are less frequently involved in clinically manifested infections. This blurred gradation in terms of pathogenicity is reflected by species- and strain-specific virulence factors and the development of different host-defending strategies. Clearly, CoNS possess fewer virulence properties than S. aureus, with a respectively different disease spectrum. In this regard, host susceptibility is much more important. Therapeutically, CoNS are challenging due to the large proportion of methicillin-resistant strains and increasing numbers of isolates with less susceptibility to glycopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Becker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christine Heilmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Peters
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Bebell LM, Muiru AN. Antibiotic use and emerging resistance: how can resource-limited countries turn the tide? Glob Heart 2014; 9:347-58. [PMID: 25667187 PMCID: PMC4369554 DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global crisis driven by appropriate and inappropriate antibiotic use to treat human illness and promote animal growth. The antimicrobial resistance epidemic continues to spread due to the triple threat of unfettered access, minimal product regulation and oversight of antibiotic prescription, and lack of clinical diagnostic tools to support antibiotic de-escalation in low-resource settings. In high-resource settings, evidence-based strategies have improved the appropriateness of antibiotic use, limiting the spread of drug-resistant organisms and reducing hospital-associated infections, strategies which may also be effective to stop the spread of resistance in resource-poor countries. Current research and surveillance efforts on antimicrobial resistance and hospital-associated infections in low-resource settings are extremely limited and largely focused on intensive care units. Many challenges exist to improving antibiotic use and infection control in resource-limited settings, and turning the tide requires intensifying research and surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, and developing new bedside diagnostic tools for bacterial infections and antimicrobial susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Bebell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Global Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Anthony N Muiru
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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