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Panahi T, Asadpour L, Ranji N. Distribution of aminoglycoside resistance genes in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in north of Iran. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Da Cunda P, Iribarnegaray V, Papa-Ezdra R, Bado I, González MJ, Zunino P, Vignoli R, Scavone P. Characterization of the Different Stages of Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Susceptibility in a Clinical Acinetobacter baumannii Strain. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:569-575. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Da Cunda
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Victoria Iribarnegaray
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Romina Papa-Ezdra
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Inés Bado
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María José González
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Zunino
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Vignoli
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Paola Scavone
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
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L Aishwarya KV, Geetha PV, Shanthi M, Uma S. Co occurrence of two 16S rRNA methyltrasferases along with NDM and OXA 48 like carbapenamases on a single plasmid in Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Lab Physicians 2020; 11:305-311. [PMID: 31929695 PMCID: PMC6943864 DOI: 10.4103/jlp.jlp_59_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The carbapenemase-encoding genes, blaNDM- and blaOXA-48-like, confer resistance to all the known beta-lactams and are encountered along with other beta-lactamase-encoding genes and/or 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-methylating genes. The co-occurrence of blaNDM and blaOXA-48-like on a single plasmid is a rare occurrence. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to characterize the plasmids in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates producing 16S rRNA methyltransferase along with blaNDM, blaOXA-48-like, and other resistance encoding genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One-hundred and seventeen K. pneumoniae clinical isolates which were resistant to aminoglycosides were collected. Polymerase chain reaction-based screening for 16S rRNA methyltransferase genes armA, rmtB, and rmtC; carbapenamase genes blaNDM, blaOXA-48-like, blaIMP, blaVIM, and blaKPC; and other resistance genes such as blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, and qnr (A, B, and S) determinants acc (6’) Ib-cr was performed. Conjugation experiment was carried out for seven isolates that anchored blaNDM and blaOXA-48-like along with any one of the 16S rRNA methyltransferases. The plasmid-based replicon typing for different plasmid-incompatible (Inc) group was performed on the conjugatively transferable plasmids. RESULTS: Among the 16S rRNA methyltransferases, armA was more predominant. blaNDM and blaOXA-48-like were present in 56 (47.86%) and 22 (18.80%) isolates, respectively. Out of seven isolates which were conjugatively transferable, only four had blaNDM and blaOXA-48-like on the same plasmid and they belonged to Inc N and A/C replicon. Three isolates co-harbored 16S rRNA methyltransferases armA, rmtB, and rmtC, and out of the them, one isolate harbored two 16S rRNA methyltransferases armA and rmtB, on the single-plasmid replicon A/C. CONCLUSION: This is the first report revealing the coexistence of blaNDM and blaOXA-48-like co-harboring two 16S rRNA methylases on a single conjugative plasmid replicon belonging to incompatibility group A/C.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V L Aishwarya
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P V Geetha
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Shanthi
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Uma
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Arakawa Y. Systematic research to overcome newly emerged multidrug-resistant bacteria. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:231-251. [PMID: 32068266 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the 1980s, I found that the chromosomal β-lactamase of Klebsiella pneumoniae LEN-1 showed a very high similarity to the R-plasmid-mediated penicillinase TEM-1 on the amino acid sequence level, and this strongly suggested the origination of TEM-1 from the chromosomal penicillinases of K. pneumoniae or related bacteria. Moreover, the chromosomal K1 β-lactamase (KOXY) of Klebsiella oxytoca was found to belong to the class A β-lactamases that include LEN-1 and TEM-1, although KOXY can hydrolyze cefoperazone (CPZ) like the chromosomal AmpC-type cephalosporinases of various Enterobacteriaceae that can hydrolyze several cephalosporins including CPZ. Furthermore, my collaborators and I found plural novel serine-type β-lactamases, such as MOX-1, SHV-24, TEM-91, CTX-M-64, CMY-9, CMY-19, GES-3, GES-4, and TLA-3, mediated by plasmids. Besides these serine-type β-lactamases, we also first identified exogenously acquired metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), IMP-1 and SMB-1, in imipenem-resistant Serratia marcescens, and the IMP-1-producing S. marcescens TN9106 became the index case for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. I developed the sodium mercaptoacetic acid (SMA)-disk test for the simple identification of MBL-producing bacteria. We were also the first to identify a variety of plasmid-mediated 16S ribosomal RNA methyltransferases, RmtA, RmtB, RmtC, and NpmA, from various Gram-negative bacteria that showed very high levels of resistance to a wide range of aminoglycosides. Furthermore, we first found plasmid-mediated quinolone efflux pump (QepA) and fosfomycin-inactivating enzymes (FosA3 and FosK). We also first characterized penicillin reduced susceptible Streptococcus agalactiae, macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae, as well as Campylobacter jejuni, and Helicobacter pylori, together with carbapenem-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. We constructed a PCR-based open reading frame typing method for rapid identification of Acinetobacter baumannii international clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshichika Arakawa
- Department of Bacteriology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Ramsamy Y, Mlisana KP, Allam M, Amoako DG, Abia ALK, Ismail A, Singh R, Kisten T, Swe Han KS, Muckart DJJ, Hardcastle T, Suleman M, Essack SY. Genomic Analysis of Carbapenemase -Producing Extensively Drug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Reveals the Horizontal Spread of p18-43_01 Plasmid Encoding blaNDM-1 in South Africa. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8010137. [PMID: 31963608 PMCID: PMC7023316 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome sequence (WGS) analyses were employed to investigate the genomic epidemiology of extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, focusing on the carbapenem resistance-encoding determinants, mobile genetic support, clonal and epidemiological relationships. A total of ten isolates were obtained from patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in a public hospital in South Africa. Five isolates were from rectal swabs of colonized patients and five from blood cultures of patients with invasive carbapenem-resistant infections. Following microbial identification and antibiotic susceptibility tests, the isolates were subjected to WGS on the Illumina MiSeq platform. All the isolates showed genotypic resistance to tested β-lactams (NDM-1, OXA-1, CTX-M-15, TEM-1B, SHV-1) and other antibiotics. All but one isolate belonged to the ST152 with a novel sequence type, ST3136, differing by a single-locus variant. The isolates had the same plasmid multilocus sequence type (IncF[K12:A-:B36]) and capsular serotype (KL149), supporting the epidemiological linkage between the clones. Resistance to carbapenems in the 10 isolates was conferred by the blaNDM-1 mediated by the acquisition of multi-replicon [ColRNAI, IncFIB(pB171), Col440I, IncFII, IncFIB(K) and IncFII(Yp)] p18-43_01 plasmid. These findings suggest that the acquisition of blaNDM-1-bearing plasmid structure (p18-43_01), horizontal transfer and clonal dissemination facilitate the spread of carbapenemases in South Africa. This emphasizes the importance of targeted infection control measures to prevent dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogandree Ramsamy
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (A.L.K.A.); (S.Y.E.)
- Medical Microbiology, National Health Laboratory Services, Durban 4000, South Africa; (K.P.M.); (R.S.)
- Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Correspondence: (Y.R.); (D.G.A.)
| | - Koleka P. Mlisana
- Medical Microbiology, National Health Laboratory Services, Durban 4000, South Africa; (K.P.M.); (R.S.)
- Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Mushal Allam
- Sequencing Core Facility, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa; (M.A.); (A.I.)
| | - Daniel G. Amoako
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (A.L.K.A.); (S.Y.E.)
- Correspondence: (Y.R.); (D.G.A.)
| | - Akebe L. K. Abia
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (A.L.K.A.); (S.Y.E.)
| | - Arshad Ismail
- Sequencing Core Facility, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa; (M.A.); (A.I.)
| | - Ravesh Singh
- Medical Microbiology, National Health Laboratory Services, Durban 4000, South Africa; (K.P.M.); (R.S.)
- Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Theroshnie Kisten
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Anaesthetics & Critical Care, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa;
- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Department of Critical Care, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Khine Swe Swe Han
- Medical Microbiology, National Health Laboratory Services, Durban 4000, South Africa; (K.P.M.); (R.S.)
- Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - David J. Jackson Muckart
- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Department of Surgery & Trauma Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (D.J.J.M.); (T.H.)
| | - Timothy Hardcastle
- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Department of Surgery & Trauma Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (D.J.J.M.); (T.H.)
| | - Moosa Suleman
- Ahmed Al-Kadi Private Hospital, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Sabiha Y. Essack
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (A.L.K.A.); (S.Y.E.)
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Yeganeh Sefidan F, Mohammadzadeh-Asl Y, Ghotaslou R. High-Level Resistance to Aminoglycosides due to 16S rRNA Methylation in Enterobacteriaceae Isolates. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:1261-1265. [PMID: 31211656 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: High-level aminoglycoside resistance due to methylase genes has been reported in several countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diversity of the genes encoding 16S rRNA methylase and their association with resistance phenotype in Enterobacteriacae isolates. Materials and Methods: Based on sampling size formula, from February to August 2014, a total of 307 clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected from five hospitals in northwest Iran. The disk diffusion method for amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, and streptomycin, as well as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for aminoglycosides (except streptomycin), was used. Six 16S rRNA methylase genes (armA, npmA, and rmtA-D) were screened by PCR and sequencing assays. Results: In this study, 220 (71.7%) of 307 isolates were aminoglycoside resistant and 40 isolates (18.2%, 40/220) were positive for methylase genes. The frequency of armA, rmtC, npmA, rmtB, and rmtA genes was 9.5%, 4.5%, 3.6%, 2.3%, and 1%, respectively. The rmtD gene was not detected in the tested bacteria. Sixty percent of positive methylase gene isolates displayed high-level resistance (MIC ≥512 μg/mL to amikacin and kanamycin; and MIC ≥128 μg/mL to gentamicin and tobramycin). Conclusions: The prevalence of resistance to aminoglycoside in Iran is high. Furthermore, there is a statistically significant association between amikacin and kanamycin resistance with the presence of rmtC and rmtB genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yeganeh Sefidan
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yalda Mohammadzadeh-Asl
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Ghotaslou
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Zhao D, Zuo Y, Wang Z, Li J. Characterize carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates for nosocomial pneumonia and their Gram-negative bacteria neighbors in the respiratory tract. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:609-616. [PMID: 30603949 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to perform an epidemiological survey of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates for nosocomial pneumonia (NP) and visit their Gram-negative bacteria neighbors (GNNs) from the respiratory tracts. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multi locus sequence typing were performed to evaluate the clonal relationships of these isolates. Statistical methods were then used to understand their possible relationship between CRKP and their GNNs. Among the 63 CRKP isolates, 84.1% produced a KPC-2 carbapenemase gene, followed by blaNDM-1 and blaIMP-38 like. 13 different STs and 29 clones were identified. Less heterogeneous clone backgrounds were observed in 53 KPC-2 K. pneumoniae isolates, and 6 STs have been found to contain KPC-2, of which the predominant ST11 harbored 47 KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae isolates. Particularly, the two infrequent isolates co-possessing blaKPC-2 and blaIMP-38 like shared a different clonal relationship. 87 GNNs isolates of CRKP were established, the analysis present that different strains showed significant or no difference with CRKP upon antibiotics susceptibility. Conclusion, ST11 harboring KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were dominant for NP, and both clonal spread and horizontal transfer contributed to the dissemination of CRKP. However, additional studies are needed to explore the biological relationship with their GNNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yan Zuo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Zhongxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Jiabin Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
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Castanheira M, Davis AP, Serio AW, Krause KM, Mendes RE. In vitro activity of Plazomicin against Enterobacteriaceae isolates carrying genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes most common in US Census divisions. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 94:73-77. [PMID: 30661726 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aminoglycoside-nonsusceptible isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, and Enterobacter species (480/3675) from US hospitals collected during 2014-2015 were screened for 16S rRNA methyltransferase and aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AME) genes. Only 5 isolates had high aminoglycoside MICs and carried 16S rRNA methyltransferases. AME genes were observed among 89.7% (426/475) of isolates and the most common genes were aac(3)-IIa (n = 270) and aac(6')-Ib (n = 269). Among other genes, ant(2″)-Ia, aac(3)-Iva, and aph(3')-VIa were observed among 36, 23, and 3 isolates, respectively. Forty-nine (10.3%) isolates yielded negative results for the investigated AME genes. Plazomicin (MIC50/90, 0.5/1 μg/ml) inhibited 99.3% of the AME-carrying isolates at its susceptible breakpoint while amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin inhibited 90.1%, 20.9%, and 18.3%, respectively. Plazomicin was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in June 2018 for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections when limited treatment options are available. This agent displayed activity against isolates carrying AMEs that were resistance to other aminoglycosides and comparator agents.
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Screening and Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria from a Remote African Area, São Tomé and Príncipe. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.01021-18. [PMID: 29941640 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01021-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of resistance to last-resort antibiotics was evaluated among Enterobacteriaceae isolates recovered from hospitalized children in a remote African archipelago, São Tomé and Príncipe, where there is limited access to those antibiotics. Fifty patients were screened for colonization by carbapenem-, pan-aminoglycoside-, or polymyxin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae A total of 36 isolates (including 30 Escherichia coli and 4 Klebsiella pneumoniae) were recovered from 23 patients, including 26 isolates harboring the blaOXA-181 carbapenemase gene, a single isolate harboring the 16S rRNA methylase gene rmtB encoding pan-resistance to aminoglycosides, and 8 isolates coharboring both genes. A single isolate possessed the plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene mcr-1 A high clonal relationship was found for OXA-181-producing E. coli (4 clones), and conversely, three of the four OXA-181-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were clonally unrelated. This study overall showed a high prevalence of resistance to last-resort antibiotics in this country, where no epidemiological data were previously available.
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Fleece ME, Pholwat S, Mathers AJ, Houpt ER. Molecular diagnosis of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18:207-217. [PMID: 29431523 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1439381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global public health threat. The complexities of antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Molecular diagnostics are emerging in this field. Areas covered: The authors review the clinical importance of pathogenic E. coli and discuss the mechanisms of resistance to common antibiotics used to treat these infections. We review the literature on antimicrobial susceptibility testing and discuss the current state of phenotypic as well as molecular methodologies. Clinical vignettes are presented to highlight how molecular diagnostics may be used for patient care. Expert commentary: The future use of molecular diagnostics for detection of antimicrobial resistance will be tailored to the context, whether hospital epidemiology, infection control, antibiotic stewardship, or clinical care. Further clinical research is needed to understand how to best apply molecular diagnostics to these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Fleece
- a Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| | - Suporn Pholwat
- a Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| | - Amy J Mathers
- a Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| | - Eric R Houpt
- a Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
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Kashef MT, Helmy OM. Genetic Characterization of a Novel Composite Transposon Carrying armA and aac(6)-Ib Genes in an Escherichia coli Isolate from Egypt. Pol J Microbiol 2017; 66:163-169. [PMID: 28735317 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.7835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides are used in treating a wide range of infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; however, aminoglycoside resistance is common and occurs by several mechanisms. Among these mechanisms is bacterial rRNA methylation by the 16S rRNA methyl transferase (16S-RMTase) enzymes; but data about the spread of this mechanism in Egypt are scarce. Cephalosporins are the most commonly used antimicrobial agents in Egypt; therefore, this study was conducted to determine the frequency of 16S-RMTase among third generation cephalosporin-resistant clinical isolates in Egypt. One hundred and twenty three cephalosporin resistant Gram-negative clinical isolates were screened for aminoglycosides resistance by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and tested for possible production of 16S-RMTase. PCR testing and sequencing were used to confirm the presence of 16S-RMTase and the associated antimicrobial resistance determinants, as well as the genetic region surrounding the armA gene. Out of 123 isolates, 66 (53.66%) were resistant to at least one aminoglycoside antibiotic. Only one Escherichia coli isolate (E9ECMO) which was totally resistant to all tested aminoglycosides, was confirmed to have the armA gene in association with blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14 and aac(6)-Ib genes. The armA gene was found to be carried on a large A/C plasmid. Genetic mapping of the armA surrounding region revealed, for the first time, the association of armA with aac(6)-Ib on the same transposon. In conclusion, the isolation frequency of 16S-RMTase was low among the tested aminoglycoside-resistant clinical samples. However, a novel composite transposon has been detected conferring high-level aminoglycosides resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona T Kashef
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omneya M Helmy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Bi W, Liu H, Dunstan RA, Li B, Torres VVL, Cao J, Chen L, Wilksch JJ, Strugnell RA, Lithgow T, Zhou T. Extensively Drug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Causing Nosocomial Bloodstream Infections in China: Molecular Investigation of Antibiotic Resistance Determinants, Informing Therapy, and Clinical Outcomes. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1230. [PMID: 28713357 PMCID: PMC5492486 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise in diversity of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes seen in Klebsiella pneumoniae is becoming a serious antibiotic management problem. We sought to investigate the molecular characteristics and clinical implications of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) K. pneumoniae isolated from different nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSIs) patients from July 2013 to November 2015. Even in combination treatment, meropenem did not protect against mortality of BSIs patients (P = 0.015). In contrast, tigecycline in combination with other antimicrobial agents significantly protected against mortality (P = 0.016). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests, molecular detection of antibiotic resistance determinants, conjugation experiments, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), S1-PFGE, Southern blot, SDS-PAGE, immunoblot analysis, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were used to characterize these isolates. These XDR K. pneumoniae strains were resistant to conventional antimicrobials except tigecycline and polymyxin B and co-harbored diverse resistance determinants. rmtB, blaKPC−2 as well as blaCTX−M−9 were located on a transferable plasmid of ~54.2 kb and the most predominant replicon type was IncF. 23 of the 35 isolates belonging the predominant clone were found to incorporate the globally-disseminated sequence type ST11, but others including a unique, previously undiscovered lineage ST2281 (allelic profile: 4-1-1-22-7-4-35) were also found and characterized. The porins OmpK35 and OmpK36 were deficient in two carbapenemase-negative carbapenem-resistant strains, suggesting decreased drug uptake as a mechanism for carbapenem resistance. This study highlights the importance of tracking hospital acquired infections, monitoring modes of antibiotic resistance to improve health outcomes of BSIs patients and to highlight the problems of XDR K. pneumoniae dissemination in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzi Bi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Rhys A Dunstan
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Von Vergel L Torres
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jianming Cao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Lijiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
| | - Jonathan J Wilksch
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard A Strugnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Trevor Lithgow
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tieli Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, China
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Głuszek S, Sas-Paszt L, Sumorok B, Kozera R. Biochar-Rhizosphere Interactions – a Review. Pol J Microbiol 2017; 66:151-161. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.6288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar is a solid material of biological origin obtained from biomass carbonization, designed as a mean to reduce greenhouse gases emission and carbon sequestration in soils for a long time. Biochar has a wide spectrum of practical utilization and is applied as a promising soil improver or fertilizer in agriculture, or as a medium for soil or water remediation. Preparations of biochar increase plant growth and yielding when applied into soil and also improve plant growth conditions, mainly bio, physical and chemical properties of soil. Its physical and chemical properties have an influence on bacteria, fungi and invertebrates, both in field and laboratory conditions. Such effects on rhizosphere organisms are positive or negative depending on biochar raw material origin, charring conditions, frequency of applications, applications method and doses, but long term effects are generally positive and are associated mainly with increased soil biota activity. However, a risk assessment of biochar applications is necessary to protect food production and the soil environment. This should be accomplished by biochar production and characterization, land use implementation, economic analysis, including life cycle assessment, and environmental impact assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beata Sumorok
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Kozera
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Liang Y, Yin X, Zeng L, Chen S. Clonal replacement of epidemic KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a hospital in China. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:363. [PMID: 28535790 PMCID: PMC5442700 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klebsiella pneumoniae is a frequent nosocomial pathogen causing difficult-to-treat infections worldwide. The prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-KP) is increasing in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of KPC-KP in a nosocomial outbreak. METHODS Fifty-four KPC-KP isolates were consecutively collected between November 2013 and August 2014 during a KPC-KP outbreak in a tertiary care hospital in Beijing, China. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by agar dilution. Carbapenemase, extended-spectrum β-lactamase, 16S rRNA methylase, AmpC β-lactamase, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants were detected by PCR amplification. The genetic relatedness of isolates was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multi-locus sequence typing. RESULTS All isolates belonged to ST11 except one isolate which was identified as a new sequence type (ST2040). PFGE profile of genomic DNA revealed seven clusters, of which cluster A and C dominated the KPC-KP outbreak and cluster A was replaced by cluster C during the outbreak. PFGE of genomic DNA, S1-PFGE of plasmids, replicon typing, and drug resistant characteristics showed that clonal spread occurred during the outbreak. When compared with isolates within cluster A, all isolates in cluster C harbored rmtB and showed higher level of resistance to cefepime, amikacin, tobramycin, and tigecycline. CONCLUSION We reported a nosocomial outbreak of KPC-KP with clonal replacement and a new sequence type (ST2040) of KP. High degree of awareness and surveillance of KPC-KP should be given to avoid potential outbreaks, especially in ICU wards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyun Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuiping Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Xia J, Fang LX, Cheng K, Xu GH, Wang XR, Liao XP, Liu YH, Sun J. Clonal Spread of 16S rRNA Methyltransferase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST37 with High Prevalence of ESBLs from Companion Animals in China. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:529. [PMID: 28446899 PMCID: PMC5389360 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We screened 30 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from dogs and cats at a single animal hospital in Guangdong Province, China. Among them, 12 K. pneumoniae strains possessed high-level resistance to amikacin and gentamicin and these were screened for 16S rRNA methyltransferase (16S-RMTase) genes. And then the genes positive isolates were detected for ESBLs (extended spectrum β-lactamases) and analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing, PCR-based replicon typing and plasmid analysis. The genetic profiles of rmtB were also determined by PCR mapping. The twelve 16S-RMTase gene-positive isolates were rmtB (11/30) and armA (2/30) with one isolate carrying both genes. Extended spectrum β-lactamases genes were represented by blaCTX-M-55 (9/12), blaCTX-M-27 (2/12) and blaCTX-M-14 (1/12). The twelve 16S-RMTase containing strains were grouped into five clonal patterns and ST37 was the most prevalent sequence type. Ten rmtB-bearing plasmids conjugated successfully and all belonged to IncN and IncF (F33:A-:B-) incompatibility groups. Nine of the transconjugants carried a 97 kb plasmid and the other harbored both ∼60 and ∼200 kb plasmids. rmtB and blaCTX-M-55 were present on the same plasmid and indicated the co-transfer of these two genes, with the rmtB gene showing highly relevant relationships with IS26 and Tn3. Our findings suggested a high prevalence of 16S-RMTase genes in K. pneumonia ST37 from dogs and cats. Additional studies are needed to trace the evolutionary path of this type of resistance among the K. pneumonia isolates, and to determine whether they have been transferred to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xia
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Xing Fang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Hao Xu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Ran Wang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
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Heidary M, Bahramian A, Hashemi A, Goudarzi M, Omrani VF, Eslami G, Goudarzi H. Detection of acrA, acrB, aac(6')-Ib-cr, and qepA genes among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2017; 64:63-69. [PMID: 27936860 DOI: 10.1556/030.63.2016.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distribution of drug resistance among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae has limited the therapeutic options. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of quinolone resistance genes among E. coli and K. pneumoniae clinical strains isolated from three educational hospitals of Tehran, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 100 strains of E. coli from Labbafinejad and Taleghani Hospitals and 100 strains of K. pneumoniae from Mofid Children and Taleghani Hospitals were collected between January 2013 and May 2014. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done by disk diffusion method based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Detection of qepA, aac(6')-Ib-cr, acrA, and acrB genes was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS In this study, fosfomycin and imipenem against E. coli and fosfomycin and tigecycline against K. pneumoniae had the best effect in antimicrobial susceptibility tests. PCR assay using specific primers demonstrated that the prevalence of qepA, aac(6')-Ib-cr, acrA, and acrB genes among the 100 E. coli isolates was 0 (0%), 87 (87%), 92 (92%), and 84 (84%), respectively. The prevalence of qepA, aac(6')-Ib-cr, acrA, and acrB genes among the 100 K. pneumoniae isolates was 4 (4%), 85 (85%), 94 (94%), and 87 (87%), respectively. CONCLUSION The distribution of qepA, aac(6')-Ib-cr, acrA, and acrB resistance determinants in E. coli and K. pneumoniae is a great concern. Therefore, infection control and prevention of spread of drug-resistant bacteria need careful management of medication and identification of resistant isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Heidary
- 1 Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- 2 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aghil Bahramian
- 3 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hashemi
- 3 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- 1 Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- 3 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Fallah Omrani
- 4 Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Eslami
- 3 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Goudarzi
- 1 Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- 3 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ghotaslou R, Yeganeh Sefidan F, Akhi MT, Asgharzadeh M, Mohammadzadeh Asl Y. Dissemination of Genes Encoding Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes and armA Among Enterobacteriaceae Isolates in Northwest Iran. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 23:826-832. [PMID: 28151044 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Enzymatic inactivation is one of the most important mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycosides. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of armA and diversity of the genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) and their associations with resistance phenotypes in Enterobacteriaceae isolates. METHODS Three hundred and seven Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected from five hospitals in northwest Iran. The disk diffusion method for amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, and streptomycin, as well as the minimum inhibitory concentration for amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and kanamycin were done for susceptibility testing. Thirteen AME genes and armA methylase were screened using the PCR and sequencing assays. RESULTS Two hundred and twenty (71.7%) of isolates were resistant to aminoglycosides and 155 (70.5%) of them were positive for aminoglycoside resistance genes. The most prevalent AME genes were ant(3″)-Ia and aph(3″)-Ib with the frequency 35.9% and 30.5%, respectively. Also, 21 (9.5%) of resistant isolates were positive for armA methylase gene. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of resistance to aminoglycoside is high and AME genes frequently are disseminated in Enterobacteriaceae isolates. There is an association between phenotypic resistance and the presence of some aminoglycoside genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghotaslou
- 1 Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran .,2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yeganeh Sefidan
- 1 Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran .,2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Akhi
- 2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asgharzadeh
- 3 Department of Laboratory Sciences, Paramedical Faculty and Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yalda Mohammadzadeh Asl
- 2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran
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Guven Gokmen T, Nagiyev T, Meral M, Onlen C, Heydari F, Koksal F. NDM-1 and rmtC-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in Turkey. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e33990. [PMID: 27942358 PMCID: PMC5136449 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.33990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The resistance of aminoglycosides in strains that produce beta-lactamase can be developed through the multidrug resistant encoding genes carried by common plasmids. Recently, the association between 16S rRNA methyltransferase resistance and beta-lactamase enzymes carried by the same plasmids has drawn increased attention from researchers, particularly the association in aminoglycoside-resistant strains with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≥ 256 µg/mL. Objectives We aimed to investigate the co-existence of 16S rRNA methyltransferase and beta-lactamase genes in multidrug resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from clinical samples. Methods We determined the molecular mechanisms of aminoglycoside resistance and its relationship with resistance to carbapenem and beta-lactam group antibiotics in 40 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-positive carbapenem- and aminoglycoside-resistant K. pneumoniae strains. Multidrug resistant K. pneumoniae was isolated from various clinical samples in the faculty of medicine of Cukurova University, Turkey. First, the resistance of aminoglycoside and beta-lactam antibiotics was phenotypically investigated using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test, double disk synergy test, and modified Hodge test. The MIC values of aminoglycoside were determined using the agar dilution method. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the carbapenemases, ESBL, and 16S rRNA methyltransferase genes. The results were confirmed by a sequence analysis. Results Twenty K. pneumoniae strains showed resistance to amikacin, and 40 were resistant to gentamicin. The MIC value was found to be > 512 µg/mL in five amikacin-resistant strains and > 128 µg/mL in 10 gentamicin-resistant isolates. The rmtC gene, a type of 16S rRNA methyltransferase, was amplified in four isolates (MIC amikacin: > 512 µg/mL, gentamicin: > 128 µg/mL). Of these four isolates, three had the blaNDM-1 gene and all contained at least one ESBL gene. Conclusions This study demonstrated the co-existence of rmtC and blaNDM-1 genes for the first time in Turkey. The spread of this resistant type should be monitored and limited through molecular surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulin Guven Gokmen
- Department of Microbiology, Ceyhan Veterinary Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
- Corresponding author: Tulin Guven Gokmen, Department of Microbiology, Ceyhan Veterinary Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey. Tel: +90-3223386060, E-mail:
| | - Togrul Nagiyev
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Melda Meral
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Cansu Onlen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Farzad Heydari
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fatih Koksal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Prevalence of Quinolone Resistance Genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Isolated from Hospitalized Patients During 2013 - 2014. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.38343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Xia J, Sun J, Cheng K, Li L, Fang LX, Zou MT, Liao XP, Liu YH. Persistent spread of the rmtB 16S rRNA methyltransferase gene among Escherichia coli isolates from diseased food-producing animals in China. Vet Microbiol 2016; 188:41-6. [PMID: 27139028 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A total of 963 non-duplicate Escherichia coli strains isolated from food-producing animals between 2002 and 2012 were screened for the presence of the 16S rRNA methyltransferase genes. Among the positive isolates, resistance determinants to extended spectrum β-lactamases, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes as well as floR and fosA/A3/C2 were detected using PCR analysis. These isolates were further subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular typing, PCR-based plasmid replicon typing and plasmid analysis. Of the 963 E. coli isolates, 173 (18.0%), 3 (0.3%) and 2 (0.2%) were rmtB-, armA- and rmtE-positive strains, respectively. All the 16S rRNA methyltransferase gene-positive isolates were multidrug resistant and over 90% of them carried one or more type of resistance gene. IncF (especially IncFII) and non-typeable plasmids played the main role in the dissemination of rmtB, followed by the IncN plasmids. Plasmids that harbored rmtB ranged in size from 20kb to 340kb EcoRI-RFLP testing of the 109 rmtB-positive plasmids from different years and different origins suggested that horizontal (among diverse animals) and vertical transfer of IncF, non-typeable and IncN-type plasmids were responsible for the spread of rmtB gene. In summary, our findings highlight that rmtB was the most prevalent 16S rRNA methyltransferase gene, which present persistent spread in food-producing animals in China and a diverse group of plasmids was responsible for rmtB dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xia
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ke Cheng
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Liang Li
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Liang-Xing Fang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Meng-Ting Zou
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Fu T, Du XD, Cheng PP, Li XR, Zhao XF, Pan YS. Characterization of an rmtB-carrying IncI1 ST136 plasmid in avian Escherichia coli isolates from chickens. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:387-391. [PMID: 26932741 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The rmtB gene, one of the 16S rRNA methylase genes whose products confer high-level resistance to aminoglycosides, is most prevalent among Enterobacteriaceae strains. In this study, eight non-duplicate rmtB-carrying avian Escherichia coli strains from a farm in China were isolated and characterized, and further examined by phylogenetic grouping, conjugation experiments and PCR-based replicon typing. In addition, the genetic environment of rmtB was investigated by cloning and sequencing. Six rmtB-carrying E. coli were identified as phylogroup A, sequence type (ST) 156 (A-ST156), with two assigned to D-ST117; however, all of them carried the same IncI1 ST136 plasmid. The genetic environment of the rmtB gene in these eight plasmids was the same, as shown by PCR mapping. A multidrug-resistant region carrying blaTEM-1, rmtB, a class 1 integron cassette array (intI1-dfrA12-orfF-aadA2-qacEΔ1-sul1) and aacC2 was characterized on the conjugative IncI1 ST136 plasmid. Co-location of the rmtB gene with a class 1 integron cassette array and aacC2 on the conjugative plasmid will facilitate its maintenance and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Fu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,PR China
| | - Xiang-Dang Du
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,PR China
| | - Pei-Pei Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,PR China
| | - Xiao-Ran Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,PR China
| | - Xin-Fang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,PR China
| | - Yu-Shan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,PR China
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Yu T, He T, Yao H, Zhang JB, Li XN, Zhang RM, Wang GQ. Prevalence of 16S rRNA Methylase Gene rmtB Among Escherichia coli Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in Ningxia, China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tao He
- Key Laboratory of Development and Evaluation of Chemical and Herbal Drugs for Animal Use, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Development and Evaluation of Chemical and Herbal Drugs for Animal Use, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Bao Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiao-Na Li
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Rong-Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Development and Evaluation of Chemical and Herbal Drugs for Animal Use, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Qin Wang
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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Yang L, Yang L, Lü DH, Zhang WH, Ren SQ, Liu YH, Zeng ZL, Jiang HX. Co-prevalance of PMQR and 16S rRNA methylase genes in clinical Escherichia coli isolates with high diversity of CTX-M from diseased farmed pigeons. Vet Microbiol 2015; 178:238-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Sidjabat HE, Paterson DL. Multidrug-resistantEscherichia coliin Asia: epidemiology and management. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:575-91. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1028365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pau CKY, Ma FFT, Ip M, You JHS. Characteristics and outcomes of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia in Hong Kong. Infect Dis (Lond) 2015; 47:283-8. [PMID: 25697339 DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2014.985710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared clinical outcomes between patients with healthcare-associated and community-acquired Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia and identified predictors associated with mortality and high treatment cost in Hong Kong. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with K. pneumoniae bacteraemia in a teaching hospital. Adult patients with K. pneumoniae in blood cultures were included. Demographics and clinical data were retrieved from medical records. RESULTS The analysis included 208 patients. The mean age was 68.6 ± 16.8 years. The Pitt bacteraemia score was 2.2 ± 2.8. In all, 54.8% cases were healthcare-associated infections. The 30-day mortality rate was 32.7%. The mortality rate of patients with healthcare-associated bacteraemia was significantly higher than for community-acquired cases (p < 0.001). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae accounted for 15.4% of cases. Intra- abdominal infection was the most common infection (32.7%). Prior use of immunosuppressive agents and antimicrobial therapy were two major predisposing factors for infection. The treatment cost was USD12 282 ± 11 751 and the length of hospitalization was 9.0 ± 6.7 days. Multivariate analysis showed that liver disease (odds ratio (OR) = 3.06; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.38-6.78), malignancy (OR = 6.86; 95% CI = 3.25-14.48), pneumonia (OR = 5.25; 95% CI = 2.05-13.41) and Pitt score > 1 (OR = 2.50; 95% CI = 1.25-5.00) were associated with mortality. Malignancy (OR = 2.94; 95% CI = 1.33-6.49), Pitt score > 1 (OR = 4.15; 95% CI = 1.87-9.24) and age < 72 years (OR = 2.86; 95% CI = 1.35-5.88) were associated with high treatment cost. CONCLUSIONS The 30-day mortality and treatment cost of patients with K. pneumoniae bacteraemia were high in Hong Kong. Based upon the risk factors identified, infection control and treatment algorithms for K. pneumoniae bacteraemia in patients with malignancy or liver disease are highly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie K Y Pau
- From the 1 School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT , Hong Kong
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Wei DD, Wan LG, Yu Y, Xu QF, Deng Q, Cao XW, Liu Y. Characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, carbapenemase, and plasmid quinolone determinants in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates carrying distinct types of 16S rRNA methylase genes, and their association with mobile genetic elements. Microb Drug Resist 2014; 21:186-93. [PMID: 25469905 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2014.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eighty-four multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR-KP) isolates from a Chinese hospital from January to October 2012 were evaluated to characterize the coexistence of 16S rRNA methylase, extended-spectrum β-lactamase, carbapenemase, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants and their association with mobile genetic elements. Among the 84 MDR-KP isolates studied, 19 isolates exhibited high-level resistance to amikacin mediated by the production of the 16S rRNA methylase. They carried 19 armA genes (22.9%) and three rmtB genes (3.6%). CTX-M genes were found in all of the isolates. Among these armA- or rmtB/CTX-M-producing K. pneumoniae isolates, 31.6% carried the carbapenemase genes (blaKPC-2 [26.3%], blaIMP-4 [10.5%], and blaNDM-1 [5.3%]), which made them resistant to imipenem (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] ≥16 mg/L). All positive strains possessed qnr-like genes (16 qnrA1, 10 qnrS1, and 7 qnrB4 genes) and 18 harbored an aac(6')-Ib-cr gene. Mobile elements ISEcp1, IS26, ISCR1, ISAba125, and sul-1 integrons were detected in 19/19 (100%), 16/19 (84.2%), 18/19 (94.7%), 9/19 (47.4%), and 18/19 (94.7%) isolates, respectively. The mobilizing elements occurred in different combinations in the study isolates. Majority of armA and qnr genes were in MDR-KP strains carrying integrons containing the ISCR1. Close to 80% of blaTEM-1 and blaSHV-12 were linked to IS26 while ≥90% of blaCTX-Ms and blaCMYs were linked to ISEcp1. ISAba125 was located upstream of blaNDM-1 and some blaCMY-2 genes. In addition, seven transconjugants were available for further analysis, and armA, qnrS1, acc(6')-Ib-cr, blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1, and blaNDM-1 were cotransferred. This study points to the dissemination of 16S rRNA methylase genes and the prevalence of selected elements implicated in evolution of resistance determinants in collection of clinical K. pneumoniae in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Wei
- 1 Department of Bacteriology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University , Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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Geraci DM, Bonura C, Giuffrè M, Saporito L, Graziano G, Aleo A, Fasciana T, Di Bernardo F, Stampone T, Palma DM, Mammina C. Is the monoclonal spread of the ST258, KPC-3-producing clone being replaced in southern Italy by the dissemination of multiple clones of carbapenem-nonsusceptible, KPC-3-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae? Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 21:e15-7. [PMID: 25658574 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D M Geraci
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care 'G. D'Alessandro', University of Palermo, Italy
| | - C Bonura
- Postgraduate Specialty School in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - M Giuffrè
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care 'G. D'Alessandro', University of Palermo, Italy
| | - L Saporito
- Postgraduate Specialty School in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - G Graziano
- Postgraduate Specialty School in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - A Aleo
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care 'G. D'Alessandro', University of Palermo, Italy
| | - T Fasciana
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care 'G. D'Alessandro', University of Palermo, Italy
| | - F Di Bernardo
- Laboratory of Microbiology, General Hospital ARNAS 'Civico, Di Cristina & Benfratelli', Italy
| | - T Stampone
- Laboratory of Microbiology, General Hospital Azienda Ospedaliera 'Villa Sofia-V, Cervello', Italy
| | - D M Palma
- II Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital ARNAS 'Civico, Di Cristina & Benfratelli', Palermo, Italy
| | - C Mammina
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care 'G. D'Alessandro', University of Palermo, Italy.
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Cao X, Zhang Z, Shen H, Ning M, Chen J, Wei H, Zhang K. Genotypic characteristics of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates associated with urinary tract infections. APMIS 2014; 122:1088-95. [PMID: 24698634 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is an important pathogen involved in community-acquired urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs). In this study, we analyzed the prevalence of frequently occurring genes and the distribution of integrons in 51 multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli isolates associated with CA-UTIs. The clonality of these strains was investigated by phylogrouping, multi-locus sequence typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). All these strains were found to produce two or more resistance determinants, ceftazidime-hydrolyzing CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants were the most prevalent (92.2% and 51.0%, respectively). A sulfhydryl variable-61-producing E. coli strain was identified for the first time in China. The prevalence of class 1 integrons was 54.9%, class 2 integrons were detected in three isolates but no isolate contained a class 3 integron. Phylogenetic group D was the dominant, observed in 70.6% of the isolates. PFGE analysis revealed a high level of diversity. Twenty-four distinctive sequence types (STs) including four major STs (ST648, ST224, ST38, and ST405) were identified. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the characterization of MDR E. coli isolates associated with CA-UTIs in China; our results suggest that an MDR D-ST648 clone producing CTX-M-ESBLs has emerged as a major clone in the community setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu, China
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Belbel Z, Chettibi H, Dekhil M, Ladjama A, Nedjai S, Rolain JM. Outbreak of an armA methyltransferase-producing ST39 Klebsiella pneumoniae clone in a pediatric Algerian Hospital. Microb Drug Resist 2014; 20:310-5. [PMID: 24475919 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2013.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report an outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections harboring extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and armA 16Sr RNA methylase that were detected in pediatric and neonatal intensive care units during the 2010 and 2011 surveys of 100 clinical strains of K. pneumoniae from Annaba hospitals in Algeria. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of three classes of antibiotics were determined using the E. test. Standard polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing were performed using primers targeting ESBL, 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) methyltransferases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs), and quinolone encoding genes. Clonal relationships among the clinical isolates were performed using multilocus sequence typing. From our clinical isolates, we found high rates of antimicrobial resistance that were linked to the presence of different ESBL encoding genes and AMEs, including 23 strains that harbored several ESBL encoding genes along with the 16S rRNA methyltransferase armA. Among these isolates, we identified a cluster of eight isolates of the ST39 clone between February and June 2010 in a pediatric ward, suggesting that an outbreak had occurred during this period. In conclusion, the emergence of multidrug-resistant clones, which were likely responsible for a nosocomial outbreak, is worrying because there are already limited options in those critical situations. Finally, we believe that surveillance should be implemented to monitor the risk of emergence and spread of carbapenemases in Algeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Belbel
- 1 Unité de Recherche sur Aix-Marseille Université , Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
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Liao XP, Liu BT, Yang QE, Sun J, Li L, Fang LX, Liu YH. Comparison of plasmids coharboring 16s rrna methylase and extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes among Escherichia coli isolates from pets and poultry. J Food Prot 2013; 76:2018-23. [PMID: 24290675 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A total of 247 Escherichia coli isolates (148 from diseased or dead poultry and 99 from diseased pets in the People's Republic of China) were screened for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) determinants by PCR and sequencing. Then, 16S rRNA methylase genes were detected among ESBL-producing isolates. Clonal relatedness of the E. coli isolates was examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Conjugation experiments were performed to investigate the association of 16S rRNA methylases and ESBLs, and plasmid contents were also characterized. Among 247 E. coli isolates, 74 (29.96%) isolates were positive for blaCTX-M genes, 42 from pets (12 from cats and 30 from dogs) and 32 from poultry (12 from chickens and 20 from ducks). The most common CTX-M type in isolates from pets was blaCTX-M-14, whereas blaCTX-M-27 was the most common for poultry. rmtB was dectected in 39 of the 74 blaCTX-M-positive isolates, 18 from pets and 21 from poultry. One strain from a pet was found to harbor blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, and rmtB. blaCTX-M and rmtB were found to be colocated on the same transferable plasmid in 16 isolates. These genes were on the same or similar plasmids (eight F2:A-:B- and two IncN) in isolates from ducks, whereas they were colocated on the similar F2:A-:B- or similar F33:A-:B- plasmids in isolates of pets origin. In conclusion, similar F2:A-:B- plasmids and similar F33:A-:B- plasmids are responsible for the dissemination of both rmtB and blaCTX-Mgenes in E. coli isolates from poultry and pets, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (SCAU), South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
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Carbapenem-Resistant Bacteria and Laboratory Detection Methods. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2013. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.5193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Speculative strategies for new antibacterials: all roads should not lead to Rome. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2013; 66:371-86. [PMID: 23612725 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2013.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In concert with improvements in personal hygiene and public sanitation, the discovery and development of antibiotics during the latter half of the last century has reduced substantially the morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial diseases. However, the past decade has witnessed a sharp reduction in interest in antibacterial drug development by 'big pharma', compounded by a decline in the breadth of chemical space for new antibacterial molecules and a failure to exploit the plethora of cellular processes potentially targetable by novel classes of antibacterial molecules. This review focuses on some strategies relating to antibacterial chemotherapy, paths less trodden, which the author considers worthy of further exploration.
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Habeeb MA, Haque A, Nematzadeh S, Iversen A, Giske CG. High prevalence of 16S rRNA methylase RmtB among CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae from Islamabad, Pakistan. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013; 41:524-6. [PMID: 23622882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterise extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract and wound infections from Pakistan (n=25). Isolates were subjected to commercially available microarray analysis to determine the presence of ESBLs and acquired AmpC enzymes. The genetic diversity of the isolates was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Plasmid replicon typing and capsular serotyping were conducted by PCR. Finally, screening for virulence genes, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, and genes encoding 16S rRNA methylases was done using PCR. All K. pneumoniae isolates hosted blaCTX-M genes and all strains belonged to phylogroup CTX-M-1. Acquired AmpC β-lactamases (ACT/MIR and CIT group) were found in 16% of isolates. Two clusters were observed with ≥80% similarity among profiles obtained by PFGE, and two sequence types (STs) by MLST, namely ST215 and ST307, were observed in these clusters. Three ST215 isolates carried virulence factor wcaG and three ST215 isolates had capsular type K20. IncFIA, IncFIB, IncFIIK and FrepB replicons were most commonly found in this collection. Among the PMQR determinants, aac(6')-lb-cr was present in 96% (24/25) of the isolates, qnrB was found in 88% (22/25) and qepA was found in 4% (1/25). The 16S rRNA methylase-encoding gene rmtB was found in 60% (15/25) of the isolates. In conclusion, CTX-M-producing ST215 and ST307 K. pneumoniae were the two major clones detected. Of particular concern was the high prevalence of 16S rRNA methylases conferring resistance to all aminoglycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif Habeeb
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan, an affiliated institute of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Wei Y, Wang J. Identification of ACT-1 plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase producing Citrobacter freundii from a Chinese patient. Ann Lab Med 2013; 33:86-8. [PMID: 23301230 PMCID: PMC3535205 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2013.33.1.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuhu; Sino-German Wuhu International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuhu, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuhu; Sino-German Wuhu International Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuhu, China
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Zhang Y, Yang J, Ye L, Luo Y, Wang W, Zhou W, Cui Z, Han L. Characterization of Clinical Multidrug-ResistantEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaeIsolates, 2007–2009, China. Microb Drug Resist 2012; 18:465-70. [PMID: 22548669 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2012.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Youjiang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyong Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liyan Ye
- Department of Microbiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Center for Hospital Infection Control, Chinese PLA Institute for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Microbial Genomics, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li Han
- Center for Hospital Infection Control, Chinese PLA Institute for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing, China
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Livermore DM. Current epidemiology and growing resistance of gram-negative pathogens. Korean J Intern Med 2012; 27:128-42. [PMID: 22707882 PMCID: PMC3372794 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2012.27.2.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 1980s, gram-negative pathogens appeared to have been beaten by oxyimino-cephalosporins, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones. Yet these pathogens have fought back, aided by their membrane organization, which promotes the exclusion and efflux of antibiotics, and by a remarkable propensity to recruit, transfer, and modify the expression of resistance genes, including those for extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), carbapenemases, aminoglycoside-blocking 16S rRNA methylases, and even a quinolone-modifying variant of an aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme. Gram-negative isolates--both fermenters and non-fermenters--susceptible only to colistin and, more variably, fosfomycin and tigecycline, are encountered with increasing frequency, including in Korea. Some ESBLs and carbapenemases have become associated with strains that have great epidemic potential, spreading across countries and continents; examples include Escherichia coli sequence type (ST)131 with CTX-M-15 ESBL and Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 with KPC carbapenemases. Both of these high-risk lineages have reached Korea. In other cases, notably New Delhi Metallo carbapenemase, the relevant gene is carried by promiscuous plasmids that readily transfer among strains and species. Unless antibiotic stewardship is reinforced, microbiological diagnosis accelerated, and antibiotic development reinvigorated, there is a real prospect that the antibiotic revolution of the 20th century will crumble.
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Livermore DM. Fourteen years in resistance. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012; 39:283-94. [PMID: 22386741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Resistance trends have changed greatly over the 14 years (1997-2011) whilst I was Director of the UK Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring and Reference Laboratory (ARMRL). Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) first rose, then fell with improved infection control, although with the decline of one major clone beginning before these improvements. Resistant pneumococci too have declined following conjugate vaccine deployment. If the situation against Gram-positive pathogens has improved, that against Gram-negatives has worsened, with the spread of (i) quinolone- and cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, (ii) Acinetobacter with OXA carbapenemases, (iii) Enterobacteriaceae with biochemically diverse carbapenemases and (iv) gonococci resistant to fluoroquinolones and, latterly, cefixime. Laboratory, clinical and commercial aspects have also changed. Susceptibility testing is more standardised, with pharmacodynamic breakpoints. Treatments regimens are more driven by guidelines. The industry has fewer big profitable companies and more small companies without sales income. There is good and bad here. The quality of routine susceptibility testing has improved, but its speed has not. Pharmacodynamics adds science, but over-optimism has led to poor dose selection in several trials. Guidelines discourage poor therapy but concentrate selection onto a diminishing range of antibiotics, threatening their utility. Small companies are more nimble, but less resilient. Last, more than anything, the world has changed, with the rise of India and China, which account for 33% of the world's population and increasingly provide sophisticated health care, but also have huge resistance problems. These shifts present huge challenges for the future of chemotherapy and for the edifice of modern medicine that depends upon it.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Livermore
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
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