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Jiménez A, López-Martínez R, Martí MC, Cano-Yelo D, Sevilla F. The integration of TRX/GRX systems and phytohormonal signalling pathways in plant stress and development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108298. [PMID: 38176187 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Plant acclimation to changing environmental conditions involves the interaction of different signalling molecules, including reactive oxygen species and hormones. Redox regulation exerted by thioredoxin (TRX) and glutaredoxin (GRX), two oxidoreductases, is emerging as a specific point of control mediating signal transduction pathways associated with plant growth and stress response. Phytohormones are messengers that coordinate plant cell activities to regulate growth, defence, and productivity, although their cross-talk with components of the redox system is less known. The present review focuses on our current knowledge of the interplay that occurs between TRX and GRX systems and phytohormonal signalling pathways in connection with the control of plant development and stress responses. Here, we consider the regulation that phytohormones exert on TRX and GRX systems, as well as the involvement of these redox proteins in the control of phytohormone-mediated signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jiménez
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Raquel López-Martínez
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María Carmen Martí
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Desiré Cano-Yelo
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Francisca Sevilla
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
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Podder A, Ahmed FF, Suman MZH, Mim AY, Hasan K. Genome-wide identification of DCL, AGO and RDR gene families and their associated functional regulatory element analyses in sunflower (Helianthus annuus). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286994. [PMID: 37294803 PMCID: PMC10256174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) regulates a variety of eukaryotic gene expressions that are engaged in response to stress, growth, and the conservation of genomic stability during developmental phases. It is also intimately connected to the post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) process and chromatin modification levels. The entire process of RNA interference (RNAi) pathway gene families mediates RNA silencing. The main factors of RNA silencing are the Dicer-Like (DCL), Argonaute (AGO), and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR) gene families. To the best of our knowledge, genome-wide identification of RNAi gene families like DCL, AGO, and RDR in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) has not yet been studied despite being discovered in some species. So, the goal of this study is to find the RNAi gene families like DCL, AGO, and RDR in sunflower based on bioinformatics approaches. Therefore, we accomplished an inclusive in silico investigation for genome-wide identification of RNAi pathway gene families DCL, AGO, and RDR through bioinformatics approaches such as (sequence homogeneity, phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, chromosomal localization, PPIs, GO, sub-cellular localization). In this study, we have identified five DCL (HaDCLs), fifteen AGO (HaAGOs), and ten RDR (HaRDRs) in the sunflower genome database corresponding to the RNAi genes of model plant Arabidopsis thaliana based on genome-wide analysis and a phylogenetic method. The analysis of the gene structure that contains exon-intron numbers, conserved domain, and motif composition analyses for all HaDCL, HaAGO, and HaRDR gene families indicated almost homogeneity among the same gene family. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis illustrated that there exists interconnection among identified three gene families. The analysis of the Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment showed that the detected genes directly contribute to the RNA gene-silencing and were involved in crucial pathways. It was observed that the cis-acting regulatory components connected to the identified genes were shown to be responsive to hormone, light, stress, and other functions. That was found in HaDCL, HaAGO, and HaRDR genes associated with the development and growth of plants. Finally, we are able to provide some essential information about the components of sunflower RNA silencing through our genome-wide comparison and integrated bioinformatics analysis, which open the door for further research into the functional mechanisms of the identified genes and their regulatory elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Podder
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Fee Faysal Ahmed
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Zahid Hasan Suman
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Yeasmin Mim
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Khadiza Hasan
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
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Zafer MZ, Tahir MHN, Khan Z, Sajjad M, Gao X, Bakhtavar MA, Waheed U, Siddique M, Geng Z, Ur Rehman S. Genome-Wide Characterization and Sequence Polymorphism Analyses of Glycine max Fibrillin ( FBN) Revealed Its Role in Response to Drought Condition. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1188. [PMID: 37372368 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The fibrillin (FBN) gene family is widely distributed in all photosynthetic organisms. Members of this gene family are involved in plant growth and development and their response to various biotic and abiotic stress factors. In this study, 16 members of FBN were identified in Glycine max and characterized by using different bioinformatics tools. Phylogenetic analysis classified FBN genes into seven groups. The presence of stress-related cis-elements in the upstream region of GmFBN highlighted their role in tolerance against abiotic stresses. To further decipher the function, physiochemical properties, conserved motifs, chromosomal localization, subcellular localization, and cis-acting regulatory elements were also analyzed. Gene expression analysis based on FPKM values revealed that GmFBNs greatly enhanced soybean drought tolerance and controlled the expression of several genes involved in drought response, except for GmFBN-4, GmFBN-5, GmFBN-6, GmFBN-7 and GmFBN-9. For high throughput genotyping, an SNP-based CAPS marker was also developed for the GmFBN-15 gene. The CAPS marker differentiated soybean genotypes based on the presence of either the GmFBN-15-G or GmFBN-15-A alleles in the CDS region. Association analysis showed that G. max accessions containing the GmFBN-15-A allele at the respective locus showed higher thousand seed weight compared to accessions containing the GmFBN-15-G allele. This research has provided the basic information to further decipher the function of FBN in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeshan Zafer
- SINO-PAK Joint Research Laboratory, Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef, University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef, University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hammad Nadeem Tahir
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef, University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Zulqurnain Khan
- SINO-PAK Joint Research Laboratory, Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef, University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef, University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Xiangkuo Gao
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Muhammad Amir Bakhtavar
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef, University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Ummara Waheed
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef, University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Maria Siddique
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Zhide Geng
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Shoaib Ur Rehman
- SINO-PAK Joint Research Laboratory, Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef, University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef, University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
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Guo L, Ling L, Wang X, Cheng T, Wang H, Ruan Y. Exogenous hydrogen sulfide and methylglyoxal alleviate cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Salix matsudana Koidz by regulating glutathione metabolism. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:73. [PMID: 36732696 PMCID: PMC9893619 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic element for plant growth. In plants, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methylglyoxal (MG) have emerged as vital signaling molecules that regulate plant growth processes under Cd stress. However, the effects of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a donor of H2S) and MG on Cd uptake, physiological responses, and gene expression patterns of Salix to Cd toxicity have been poorly understood. Here, Salix matsudana Koidz. seedlings were planted in plastic pot with applications of MG (108 mg kg- 1) and NaHS (50 mg kg- 1) under Cd (150 mg kg- 1) stress. RESULTS Cd treatment significantly increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, but decreased the growth parameters in S. matsudana. However, NaHS and MG supplementation significantly decreased Cd concentration, ROS levels, and MDA content, and finally enhanced the growth parameters. Cd stress accelerated the activities of antioxidative enzymes and the relative expression levels of stress-related genes, which were further improved by NaHS and MG supplementation. However, the activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) were sharply decreased under Cd stress. Conversely, NaHS and MG applications restored the MDHAR and DHAR activities compared with Cd-treated seedlings. Furthermore, Cd stress decreased the ratios of GSH/GSSG and AsA/DHA but considerably increased the H2S and MG levels and glyoxalase I-II system in S. matsudana, while the applications of MG and NaHS restored the redox status of AsA and GSH and further improved glyoxalase II activity. In addition, compared with AsA, GSH showed a more sensitive response to exogenous applications of MG and NaHS and plays more important role in the detoxification of Cd. CONCLUSIONS The present study illustrated the crucial roles of H2S and MG in reducing ROS-mediated oxidative damage to S. matsudana and revealed the vital role of GSH metabolism in regulating Cd-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Guo
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Long Ling
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Ting Cheng
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Yanan Ruan
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
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El-Sappah AH, Metwally MAS, Rady MM, Ali HM, Wang L, Maitra P, Ihtisham M, Yan K, Zhao X, Li J, Desoky ESM. Interplay of silymarin and clove fruit extract effectively enhances cadmium stress tolerance in wheat ( Triticum aestivum). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1144319. [PMID: 37123831 PMCID: PMC10140571 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1144319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Osmoprotectant supplementation can be used as a useful approach to enhance plant stress tolerance. However, the effect of silymarin and clove fruit extract (CFE) on wheat plants grown under cadmium (Cd) stress has not been studied. Methods Wheat seeds were planted in plastic pots filled with ions-free sand. A ½-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution was used for irrigation. Pots were treated with eight treatments thirteen days after sowing: 1) Control, 2) 0.5 mM silymarin foliar application [silymarin], 3) 2% CFE foliar application [CFE], 4) CFE enriched with silymarin (0.24 g silymarin L-1 of CFE) [CFE-silymarin], 5) Watering wheat seedlings with a nutritious solution of 2 mM Cd [Cd]. 6) Cadmium + silymarin, 7) Cadmium + CFE, and 8) Cadmium + CFE-silymarin. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with nine replicates. Results and discussion The Cd stress decreased grain yield, shoot dry weight, leaf area, carotenoids, chlorophylls, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, membrane stability index, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content by 66.9, 60.6, 56.7, 23.8, 33.5, 48.1, 41.2, 48.7, 42.5, 24.1, 39.9, and 24.1%, respectively. On the other hand, Cd has an Application of CFE, silymarin, or CEF-silymarin for wheat plants grown under Cd stress, significantly improved all investigated biochemical, morphological, and physiological variables and enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities. Applying CFE and/or silymarin enhanced plant tolerance to Cd stress more efficiently. Our findings suggest using CFE-silymarin as a meaningful biostimulator for wheat plants to increase wheat plants' tolerance to Cd stress via enhancing various metabolic and physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. El-Sappah
- School of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Mostafa M. Rady
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Linghui Wang
- School of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Pulak Maitra
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Muhammad Ihtisham
- School of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Kuan Yan
- School of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Li, ; El-Sayed M. Desoky, ; Xin Zhao,
| | - Jia Li
- School of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Li, ; El-Sayed M. Desoky, ; Xin Zhao,
| | - El-Sayed M. Desoky
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Jia Li, ; El-Sayed M. Desoky, ; Xin Zhao,
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Shaffique S, Imran M, Kang SM, Khan MA, Asaf S, Kim WC, Lee IJ. Seed Bio-priming of wheat with a novel bacterial strain to modulate drought stress in Daegu, South Korea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1118941. [PMID: 37180396 PMCID: PMC10173886 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1118941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the major cereal crop grown food worldwide and, therefore, plays has a key role in alleviating the global hunger crisis. The effects of drought stress can reduces crop yields by up to 50% globally. The use of drought-tolerant bacteria for biopriming can improve crop yields by countering the negative effects of drought stress on crop plants. Seed biopriming can reinforce the cellular defense responses to stresses via the stress memory mechanism, that its activates the antioxidant system and induces phytohormone production. In the present study, bacterial strains were isolated from rhizospheric soil taken from around the Artemisia plant at Pohang Beach, located near Daegu, in the South Korea Republic of Korea. Seventy-three isolates were screened for their growth-promoting attributes and biochemical characteristics. Among them, the bacterial strain SH-8 was selected preferred based on its plant growth-promoting bacterial traits, which are as follows: abscisic acid (ABA) concentration = 1.08 ± 0.05 ng/mL, phosphate-solubilizing index = 4.14 ± 0.30, and sucrose production = 0.61 ± 0.13 mg/mL. The novel strain SH-8 demonstrated high tolerance oxidative stress. The antioxidant analysis also showed that SH-8 contained significantly higher levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbic peroxidase (APX). The present study also quantified and determined the effects of biopriming wheat (Triticum aestivum) seeds with the novel strain SH-8. SH-8 was highly effective in enhancing the drought tolerance of bioprimed seeds; their drought tolerance and germination potential (GP) were increased by up to 20% and 60%, respectively, compared with those in the control group. The lowest level of impact caused by drought stress and the highest germination potential, seed vigor index (SVI), and germination energy (GE) (90%, 2160, and 80%, respectively), were recorded for seeds bioprimed with with SH-8. These results show that SH-8 enhances drought stress tolerance by up to 20%. Our study suggests that the novel rhizospheric bacterium SH-8 (gene accession number OM535901) is a valuable biostimulant that improves drought stress tolerance in wheat plants and has the potential to be used as a biofertilizer under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifa Shaffique
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Biosafety Division, National Institute of Agriculture Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Aaqil Khan
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Won-Chan Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Won-Chan Kim, ; In-Jung Lee,
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Won-Chan Kim, ; In-Jung Lee,
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HSP70 Gene Family in Brassica rapa: Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Expression Patterns in Response to Heat and Cold Stress. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152316. [PMID: 35954158 PMCID: PMC9367284 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins protect plants from abiotic stress, such as salt, drought, heat, and cold stress. HSP70 is one of the major members of the heat shock protein family. To explore the mechanism of HSP70 in Brassica rapa, we identified 28 putative HSP70 gene family members using state-of-the-art bioinformatics-based tools and methods. Based on chromosomal mapping, HSP70 genes were the most differentially distributed on chromosome A03 and the least distributed on chromosome A05. Ka/Ks analysis revealed that B. rapa evolution was subjected to intense purifying selection of the HSP70 gene family. RNA-sequencing data and expression profiling showed that heat and cold stress induced HSP70 genes. The qRT-PCR results verified that the HSP70 genes in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) are stress-inducible under both cold and heat stress. The upregulated expression pattern of these genes indicated the potential of HSP70 to mitigate environmental stress. These findings further explain the molecular mechanism underlying the responses of HSP70 to heat and cold stress.
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Flowering, Nutritional Status, and Content of Chloroplast Pigments in Leaves of Gladiolus hybridus L. ‘Advances Red’ after Application of Trichoderma spp. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14084576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we attempt to assess the influence of Trichoderma spp. on the flowering and nutritional status of Gladiolus hybridus L. ‘Advances Red’, as well as on the content of chlorophyll a + b and carotenoids in the leaves. During both years of the experiment, there was a treatment in which Trichoderma fungi were not used (control), and in another treatment, plants were treated with these fungi. After five weeks of cultivation, when leaf apexes were visible above the surface of the substrate, each plant was irrigated with a suspension (20 mL) of mix of Trichoderma spp. (T. viride Schumach-Tv14, T. harzianum Rifai-Thr2, T. hamatum/Bonord/Bainier-Th15). The treatment of the plants Trichoderma-spp. improved their uptake of macro- (P, K and Ca) and micronutrients (Zn, Fe and B), and increased the chlorophyll a + b and carotenoids in their leaves. Trichoderma spp. accelerated the flowering of Gladiolus hybridus L. ‘Advances Red’ by 10–14 days. The fungi stimulated the elongation of inflorescence shoots and inflorescences, in which the number of flowers increased, but flower diameter did not change. Trichoderma spp. improved the nutrients uptake, chlorophyll a + b and carotenoids, and flowering; hence, Trichoderma spp. treatment is suggested for enhancing inflorescence and inflorescence shoots in Gladiolus hybridus.
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N-Acetylglucosamine Sensing and Metabolic Engineering for Attenuating Human and Plant Pathogens. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9020064. [PMID: 35200417 PMCID: PMC8869657 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During evolution, both human and plant pathogens have evolved to utilize a diverse range of carbon sources. N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), an amino sugar, is one of the major carbon sources utilized by several human and phytopathogens. GlcNAc regulates the expression of many virulence genes of pathogens. In fact, GlcNAc catabolism is also involved in the regulation of virulence and pathogenesis of various human pathogens, including Candida albicans, Vibrio cholerae, Leishmania donovani, Mycobacterium, and phytopathogens such as Magnaporthe oryzae. Moreover, GlcNAc is also a well-known structural component of many bacterial and fungal pathogen cell walls, suggesting its possible role in cell signaling. Over the last few decades, many studies have been performed to study GlcNAc sensing, signaling, and metabolism to better understand the GlcNAc roles in pathogenesis in order to identify new drug targets. In this review, we provide recent insights into GlcNAc-mediated cell signaling and pathogenesis. Further, we describe how the GlcNAc metabolic pathway can be targeted to reduce the pathogens’ virulence in order to control the disease prevalence and crop productivity.
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Jha Y, Dehury B, Kumar SPJ, Chaurasia A, Singh UB, Yadav MK, Angadi UB, Ranjan R, Tripathy M, Subramanian RB, Kumar S, Simal-Gandara J. Delineation of molecular interactions of plant growth promoting bacteria induced β-1,3-glucanases and guanosine triphosphate ligand for antifungal response in rice: a molecular dynamics approach. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:2579-2589. [PMID: 34914086 PMCID: PMC8924079 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant growth is influenced by multiple interactions with biotic (microbial) and abiotic components in their surroundings. These microbial interactions have both positive and negative effects on plant. Plant growth promoting bacterial (PGPR) interaction could result in positive growth under normal as well as in stress conditions. METHODS Here, we have screened two PGPR's and determined their potential in induction of specific gene in host plant to overcome the adverse effect of biotic stress caused by Magnaporthe grisea, a fungal pathogen that cause blast in rice. We demonstrated the glucanase protein mode of action by performing comparative modeling and molecular docking of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) ligand with the protein. Besides, molecular dynamic simulations have been performed to understand the behavior of the glucanase-GTP complex. RESULTS The results clearly showed that selected PGPR was better able to induce modification in host plant at morphological, biochemical, physiological and molecular level by activating the expression of β-1,3-glucanases gene in infected host plant. The docking results indicated that Tyr75, Arg256, Gly258, and Ser223 of glucanase formed four crucial hydrogen bonds with the GTP, while, only Val220 found to form hydrophobic contact with ligand. CONCLUSIONS The PGPR able to induce β-1,3-glucanases gene in host plant upon pathogenic interaction and β-1,3-glucanases form complex with GTP by hydrophilic interaction for induction of defense cascade for acquiring resistance against Magnaporthe grisea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachana Jha
- N. V. Patel College of Pure and Applied Sciences, S.P. University, Anand, 388315, India.,BRD School of Bioscience, Sardar Patel University, Anand, 388120, Gujarat, India
| | - Budheswar Dehury
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - S P Jeevan Kumar
- ICAR-Directorate of Floricultural Research, Pune, 411036, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anurag Chaurasia
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, India
| | - Udai B Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, 275103, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - U B Angadi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rajiv Ranjan
- Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, 282005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - R B Subramanian
- BRD School of Bioscience, Sardar Patel University, Anand, 388120, Gujarat, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, 275103, Uttar Pradesh, India. .,ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, E32004, Ourense, Spain.
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Díaz AS, da Cunha Cruz Y, Duarte VP, de Castro EM, Magalhães PC, Pereira FJ. The role of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in the formation of root cortical aerenchyma under cadmium contamination. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:2323-2333. [PMID: 34625976 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate root cortical aerenchyma formation in response to Cd-driven hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) production and the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the alleviation of Cd oxidative stress in maize roots and its effects on aerenchyma development. Maize plants were subjected to continuous flooding for 30 days, and the following treatments were applied weekly: Cd(NO3 )2 at 0, 10, and 50 μM and Na2 [Fe(CN)5 NO]·2H2 O (an NO donor) at 0.5, 0.1, and 0.2 μM. The root biometrics; oxidative stress indicators H2 O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA); and activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were analyzed. The root dry and fresh masses decreased at higher concentrations of NO and Cd. H2 O2 also decreased at higher NO concentrations; however, MDA increased only at higher Cd levels. SOD activity decreased at higher concentrations of NO, but CAT activity increased. Aerenchyma development decreased in response to NO. Consequently, NO acts as an antagonist to Cd, decreasing the concentration of H2 O2 by reducing SOD activity and increasing CAT activity. Although H2 O2 is directly linked to aerenchyma formation, increased H2 O2 concentrations are necessary for root cortical aerenchyma development.
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Rastogi A, Yadav S, Hussain S, Kataria S, Hajihashemi S, Kumari P, Yang X, Brestic M. Does silicon really matter for the photosynthetic machinery in plants…? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:40-48. [PMID: 34749270 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is known to alleviate the adverse impact of different abiotic and biotic stresses by different mechanisms including morphological, physiological, and genetic changes. Photosynthesis, one of the most important physiological processes in the plant is sensitive to different stress factors. Several studies have shown that Si ameliorates the stress effects on photosynthesis by protecting photosynthetic machinery and its function. In stressed plants, several photosynthesis-related processes including PSII maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm), the yield of photosystem II (φPSII), electron transport rates (ETR), and photochemical quenching (qP) were observed to be regulated when supplemented with Si, which indicates that Si effectively protects the photosynthetic machinery. In addition, studies also suggested that Si is capable enough to maintain the uneven swelling, disintegrated, and missing thylakoid membranes caused during stress. Furthermore, several photosynthesis-related genes were also regulated by Si supplementation. Taking into account the key impact of Si on the evolutionarily conserved process of photosynthesis in plants, this review article is focused on the aspects of silicon and photosynthesis interrelationships during stress and signaling pathways. The assemblages of this discussion shall fulfill the lack of constructive literature related to the influence of Si on one of the most dynamic and important processes of plant life i.e. photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Rastogi
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649, Poznan, Poland; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500, AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Saurabh Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal (Central) University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Sajad Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Sunita Kataria
- School of Biochemistry, D.A.V.V., Khandwa Road, Indore, MP, India
| | - Shokoofeh Hajihashemi
- Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Khuzestan, 47189-63616, Iran
| | - Pragati Kumari
- Department of Life Science, Singhania University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, 333515, India; Scientist Hostel-S-02, Chauras Campus, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Xinghong Yang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976, Nitra, Slovak Republic; Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Jameel S, Hameed A, Shah TM. Investigation of Distinctive Morpho-Physio and Biochemical Alterations in Desi Chickpea at Seedling Stage Under Irrigation, Heat, and Combined Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:692745. [PMID: 34646281 PMCID: PMC8503603 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.692745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Global climatic instabilities have become the main reason for drastic yield losses in chickpea. This shift in climate could be a great threat in the future for food security in developing countries. Chickpea production is badly hampered by heat stress coupled with drought stress, and these factors can reduce yields by 40-45%. To mitigate yield losses due these abiotic factors, irrigation supplementation could be the best strategy. The present study aimed to (i) investigate the tolerance response of 9 desi chickpea genotypes against heat stress (H), irrigation (I), and a combination of both (I+H) through morphophysiological and biochemical indices at early growth stage, and (ii) assess yield performance across multiple locations of the country. Results revealed that under irrigation treatment, all genotypes perform well, but the genotypes D-09027 and D-09013 showed best performance because, as compared to control, they retained root length, seedling fresh weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, esterase activity, Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, total chlorophyll, and total carotenoids. Shoot length and total phenolic contents (TPC) increased in both genotypes. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) increased in D-09027 and retained in D-09013. Catalase activity increased in D-09013 and retained in D-09027. Protease activity, total water potential and osmotic potential decreased in both genotypes and depicted high yield potential with 27 and 30% increase in yield over Bhakhar-2011 (check), respectively. In case of heat stress, maximum tolerance was found in genotypes CH104/06 and D-09013 with no change in shoot and root length, seedling dry weight, shoot fresh and dry weight, root dry weight, relative water content, turgor water potential, catalase (CAT) activity, esterase activity, increased root fresh weight, peroxidase activity (POD), ascorbate peroxidase activity (APX), and lycopene with low accumulation of protease and Malondialdehyde content (MDA). Both genotypes depicted high yield potential with 30 and 43% increase in yield over check across multiple locations of the country. Under the combined treatment, most genotypes showed good performance, while CH104/06 was selected as best performer genotype because significant of its increased root fresh weight, lycopene content, chlorophyll b, total carotenoids, total chlorophyll, retained shoot length, root length, seedling fresh and dry weight, total water potential, osmotic potential, relative water content, peroxidase activity (POD), catalase, esterase, and its ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity and total soluble proteins (TSP) showed highest yield potential with 43% increase over check. Identified best performing and tolerant genotypes can further be employed for breeding climate-smart chickpea genotypes for sustainable production under changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amjad Hameed
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Ihtisham M, Noori A, Yadav S, Sarraf M, Kumari P, Brestic M, Imran M, Jiang F, Yan X, Rastogi A. Silver Nanoparticle's Toxicological Effects and Phytoremediation. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092164. [PMID: 34578480 PMCID: PMC8465113 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The advancement in nanotechnology has brought numerous benefits for humans in diverse areas including industry, medicine, and agriculture. The demand in the application of nanomaterials can result in the release of these anthropogenic materials into soil and water that can potentially harm the environment by affecting water and soil properties (e.g., soil texture, pH, organic matter, and water content), plants, animals, and subsequently human health. The properties of nanoparticles including their size, surface area, and reactivity affect their fate in the environment and can potentially result in their toxicological effects in the ecosystem and on living organisms. There is extensive research on the application of nano-based materials and the consequences of their release into the environment. However, there is little information about environmentally friendly approaches for removing nanomaterials from the environment. This article provides insight into the application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), as one of the most commonly used nanomaterials, their toxicological effects, their impacts on plants and microorganisms, and briefly reviews the possibility of remediation of these metabolites using phytotechnology approaches. This article provides invaluable information to better understand the fate of nanomaterials in the environment and strategies in removing them from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ihtisham
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.I.); (F.J.)
| | - Azam Noori
- Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA 01845, USA;
| | - Saurabh Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal (Central) University, Garhwal, Srinagar 246174, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Mohammad Sarraf
- Department of Horticulture Science, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz 71987-74731, Iran;
| | - Pragati Kumari
- Scientist Hostel-S-02, Chauras Campus, Garhwal, Srinagar 246174, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Muhammad Imran
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Fuxing Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.I.); (F.J.)
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.I.); (F.J.)
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (A.R.)
| | - Anshu Rastogi
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznan, Poland
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (A.R.)
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Lu Y. Assembly and Transfer of Iron-Sulfur Clusters in the Plastid. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:336. [PMID: 29662496 PMCID: PMC5890173 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron-Sulfur (Fe-S) clusters and proteins are essential to many growth and developmental processes. In plants, they exist in the plastids, mitochondria, cytosol, and nucleus. Six types of Fe-S clusters are found in the plastid: classic 2Fe-2S, NEET-type 2Fe-2S, Rieske-type 2Fe-2S, 3Fe-4S, 4Fe-4S, and siroheme 4Fe-4S. Classic, NEET-type, and Rieske-type 2Fe-2S clusters have the same 2Fe-2S core; similarly, common and siroheme 4Fe-4S clusters have the same 4Fe-4S core. Plastidial Fe-S clusters are assembled by the sulfur mobilization (SUF) pathway, which contains cysteine desulfurase (EC 2.8.1.7), sulfur transferase (EC 2.8.1.3), Fe-S scaffold complex, and Fe-S carrier proteins. The plastidial cysteine desulfurase-sulfur transferase-Fe-S-scaffold complex system is responsible for de novo assembly of all plastidial Fe-S clusters. However, different types of Fe-S clusters are transferred to recipient proteins via respective Fe-S carrier proteins. This review focuses on recent discoveries on the molecular functions of different assembly and transfer factors involved in the plastidial SUF pathway. It also discusses potential points for regulation of the SUF pathway, relationships among the plastidial, mitochondrial, and cytosolic Fe-S assembly and transfer pathways, as well as several open questions about the carrier proteins for Rieske-type 2Fe-2S, NEET-type 2Fe-2S, and 3F-4S clusters.
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Role of protein-glutathione contacts in defining glutaredoxin-3 [2Fe–2S] cluster chirality, ligand exchange and transfer chemistry. J Biol Inorg Chem 2017; 22:1075-1087. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-017-1485-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Liang X, Qin L, Liu P, Wang M, Ye H. Genes for iron-sulphur cluster assembly are targets of abiotic stress in rice, Oryza sativa. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:780-94. [PMID: 24028141 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Iron-sulphur (Fe-S) cluster assembly occurs in chloroplasts, mitochondria and cytosol, involving dozens of genes in higher plants. In this study, we have identified 41 putative Fe-S cluster assembly genes in rice (Oryza sativa) genome, and the expression of all genes was verified. To investigate the role of Fe-S cluster assembly as a metabolic pathway, we applied abiotic stresses to rice seedlings and analysed Fe-S cluster assembly gene expression by qRT-PCR. Our data showed that genes for Fe-S cluster assembly in chloroplasts of leaves are particularly sensitive to heavy metal treatments, and that Fe-S cluster assembly genes in roots were up-regulated in response to iron toxicity, oxidative stress and some heavy metal assault. The effect of each stress treatment on the Fe-S cluster assembly machinery demonstrated an unexpected tissue or organelle specificity, suggesting that the physiological relevance of the Fe-S cluster assembly is more complex than thought. Furthermore, our results may reveal potential candidate genes for molecular breeding of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
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