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Song K, Yu L, Yang S, Cao Y, Li L, Wu Z, Shi H, Ma Q. Insights into the Chemical Structure and Antioxidant Activity of Lignin Extracted from Bamboo by Acidic Deep Eutectic Solvents. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:40956-40969. [PMID: 39371967 PMCID: PMC11447903 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c06259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) composed of choline chloride as hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) and six organic acids as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) were used to extract lignin from bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz.). The structures of the DES-extracted lignin samples were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to investigate the relationship between the chemical structure of lignin and its antioxidant activity. The results showed that DES treatment removed a large portion of the lignin (73.37-86.38%) from bamboo, and the chemical structure of lignin was changed due to the use of different types of HBDs. The extracted lignin exhibited good UV-vis light shielding properties, thermal stability, and antioxidant activity. Moreover, the total phenolic hydroxyl content of lignins was positively correlated with their antioxidant activity, while the molecular weight of lignins was negatively correlated with their antioxidant activity. Notably, lignin extracted with choline chloride-p-toluenesulfonic acid had the highest phenolic hydroxyl content and lower molecular weight, showing the strongest antioxidant activity (IC50 DPPH = 417.69 μg/mL, IC50 ABTS = 58.62 μg/mL). This study confirms the high thermal stability, excellent antioxidant activity, and UV shielding properties of lignin extracted with choline chloride-organic acid DESs, suggesting its potential application in the fields of antioxidants and material modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqin Song
- College
of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Liping Yu
- College
of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shoulu Yang
- Guizhou
Academy of Forestry, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yan Cao
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou
Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lifen Li
- College
of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- International
Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- College
of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hongtao Shi
- College
of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qiaorun Ma
- College
of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Zhu J, Liu Q, Wang Y, Zhu K, Guo J, Jin Y, Liu Y. Mangosteen extract reduces the bacterial load of eggshell and improves egg quality. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35857. [PMID: 39170416 PMCID: PMC11337060 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance accelerate the desire for antibiotic alternatives. Plant extracts have emerged as a promising and relatively unexplored area of research as potential substitutes. Herein, we investigated the prevalence and distribution patterns of bacteria on egg surfaces and evaluated the inhibitory effects of mangosteen extract on these surface bacteria. In addition, we examined the antioxidant activity and egg quality in improving the ability of mangosteen extract. The results showed that the predominant bacteria isolated from eggshells were Gram-positive, with Staphylococcus and Micrococcus as the dominant genera. Notably, mangosteen extract exhibited significant bactericidal activity, effectively inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria on the surface of chicken eggshells. Moreover, the supplementation of mangosteen extract in the feed of laying hens yielded a noteworthy improvement in egg quality, accompanied by positively shaped structure and function of microbial communities on the egg surface and in the feces. Collectively, our findings suggested that mangosteen extract was an effective alternative to traditional antibiotics, offering valuable insights for animal husbandry development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiangpeng Guo
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yinji Jin
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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Morozova O, Vasil’eva I, Shumakovich G, Khlupova M, Chertkov V, Shestakova A, Yaropolov A. Green Extraction of Reed Lignin: The Effect of the Deep Eutectic Solvent Composition on the UV-Shielding and Antioxidant Properties of Lignin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8277. [PMID: 39125847 PMCID: PMC11312954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignin, the second most abundant natural polymer, is a by-product of the biorefinery and pulp and paper industries. This study was undertaken to evaluate the properties and estimate the prospects of using lignin as a by-product of the pretreatment of common reed straw (Phragmites australis) with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) of various compositions: choline chloride/oxalic acid (ChCl/OA), choline chloride/lactic acid (ChCl/LA), and choline chloride/monoethanol amine (ChCl/EA). The lignin samples, hereinafter referred to as Lig-OA, Lig-LA, and Lig-EA, were obtained as by-products after optimizing the conditions of reed straw pretreatment with DESs in order to improve the efficiency of subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. The lignin was studied using gel penetration chromatography, UV-vis, ATR-FTIR, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy; its antioxidant activity was assessed, and the UV-shielding properties of lignin/polyvinyl alcohol composite films were estimated. The DES composition had a significant impact on the structure and properties of the extracted lignin. The lignin's ability to scavenge ABTS+• and DPPH• radicals, as well as the efficiency of UV radiation shielding, decreased as follows: Lig-OA > Lig-LA > Lig-EA. The PVA/Lig-OA and PVA/Lig-LA films with a lignin content of 4% of the weight of PVA block UV radiation in the UVA range by 96% and 87%, respectively, and completely block UV radiation in the UVB range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Morozova
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.); (I.V.); (G.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Irina Vasil’eva
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.); (I.V.); (G.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Galina Shumakovich
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.); (I.V.); (G.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Maria Khlupova
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.); (I.V.); (G.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Vyacheslav Chertkov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alla Shestakova
- State Research Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Organoelement Compounds, Shosse Entuziastov 38, 111123 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander Yaropolov
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.); (I.V.); (G.S.); (M.K.)
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Reyes-García V, Botella-Martínez C, Juárez-Trujillo N, Muñoz-Tébar N, Viuda-Martos M. Pitahaya ( Hylocereus ocamponis)-Peel and -Flesh Flour Obtained from Fruit Co-Products-Assessment of Chemical, Techno-Functional and In Vitro Antioxidant Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:2241. [PMID: 38792103 PMCID: PMC11124103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the chemical composition and physico-chemical, techno-functional, and in vitro antioxidant properties of flours obtained from the peel and flesh of pitahaya (Hylocereus ocamponis) to determine their potential for use as ingredients for food enrichment. The chemical composition, including total betalains, mineral content, and polyphenolic profile, was determined. The techno-functional properties (water holding, oil holding, and swelling capacities) were also evaluated. For the antioxidant capacity, four different methodologies, namely ferrous ion-chelating ability assay, ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay; 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging ability assay, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical assay, were used. Pitahaya-peel flour had higher values for protein (6.72 g/100 g), ash (11.63 g/100 g), and dietary fiber 56.56 g/100 g) than pitahaya-flesh flour, with values of 6.06, 3.63, and 8.22 g/100 g for protein, ash, and dietary fiber, respectively. In the same way, pitahaya peel showed a higher content of minerals, betalains, and polyphenolic compounds than pitahaya-flesh flour, with potassium (4.43 g/100 g), catechin (25.85 mg/g), quercetin-3-rhamnoside (11.66 mg/g) and myricetrin (12.10 mg/g) as principal compounds found in the peel. Again, pitahaya-peel flour showed better techno-functional and antioxidant properties than pitahaya-flesh flour. The results obtained suggest that the flours obtained from the peel and pulp of pitahaya (H. ocamponis) constitute a potential material to be utilized as an ingredient in the food industry due to the high content of bioactive compounds such as betalains, phenolic acids, and flavonoids, with notable antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Reyes-García
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. del Altiplano de Tlaxcala, Carr. Federal San Martin-Tlaxcala Km 7.5, San Diego Xocoyucan 90122, TL, Mexico;
- IPOA Research Group, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental, Universidad Miguel Hernández (CIAGRO-UMH), 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (C.B.-M.); (N.M.-T.)
| | - Carmen Botella-Martínez
- IPOA Research Group, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental, Universidad Miguel Hernández (CIAGRO-UMH), 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (C.B.-M.); (N.M.-T.)
| | - Naida Juárez-Trujillo
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n Industrial animas CP, Xalapa 91192, VC, Mexico;
| | - Nuria Muñoz-Tébar
- IPOA Research Group, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental, Universidad Miguel Hernández (CIAGRO-UMH), 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (C.B.-M.); (N.M.-T.)
| | - Manuel Viuda-Martos
- IPOA Research Group, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental, Universidad Miguel Hernández (CIAGRO-UMH), 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (C.B.-M.); (N.M.-T.)
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5
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Şentürk G, Akın N, Konak Göktepe Ç, Denktaş B. The effects of blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and jujube fruit ( Ziziphus jujube) on physicochemical, functional, and sensorial properties, and probiotic ( Lactobacillus acidophilusDSM 20079) viability of probiotic ice cream. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2747-2759. [PMID: 38628191 PMCID: PMC11016396 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of blueberry (BB) and jujube fruit (JF) on the quality parameters, functional, probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 20079) viability, and sensorial properties of probiotic ice cream were investigated. No statistical differences were discovered regarding titratable acidity and L. acidophilus DSM 20079 counts between all samples. However, the ice creams preserved the survivability of probiotic bacteria during the storage period. The probiotic ice creams had counts of viable L. acidophilus DSM 20079 ranging from 8.42 to 8.80 log CFU/g which met the minimum required to achieve probiotic effects after 60 days of storage. Probiotic ice cream with BB or JF had significantly lower L* values than the control, and the BB addition caused the greatest decrease. The addition of both fruits clearly enhanced the total phenolic content and antioxidative activity in ice cream. The incorporation of BB or JF into the ice creams did not statistically affect the overrun value, while the addition of both fruits dramatically affected the first dripping time and increased hardness. Overall, sensory attributes were not significantly altered by the fortification of either fruit relative to the control, so these fruits can be added at higher concentrations to ice cream formulations for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülsüm Şentürk
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of AgricultureSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Nihat Akın
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of AgricultureSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Çiğdem Konak Göktepe
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of AgricultureSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Begüm Denktaş
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of AgricultureSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
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6
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Zhang Y, Lu P, Jin H, Cui J, Miao C, He L, Yu J, Ding X, Zhang H. Integrated Secondary Metabolomic and Antioxidant Ability Analysis Reveals the Accumulation Patterns of Metabolites in Momordica charantia L. of Different Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14495. [PMID: 37833943 PMCID: PMC10572697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) contains rich bioactive ingredients and secondary metabolites; hence, it has been used as medicine and food product. This study systematically quantified the nutrient contents, the total content of phenolic acids (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), and triterpenoids (TTC) in seven different cultivars of bitter gourd. This study also estimated the organic acid content and antioxidative capacity of different cultivars of bitter gourd. Although the TPC, TFC, TTC, organic acid content, and antioxidative activity differed significantly among different cultivars of bitter gourd, significant correlations were also observed in the obtained data. In the metabolomics analysis, 370 secondary metabolites were identified in seven cultivars of bitter gourd; flavonoids and phenolic acids were significantly more. Differentially accumulated metabolites identified in this study were mainly associated with secondary metabolic pathways, including pathways of flavonoid, flavonol, isoflavonoid, flavone, folate, and phenylpropanoid biosyntheses. A number of metabolites (n = 27) were significantly correlated (positive or negative) with antioxidative capacity (r ≥ 0.7 and p < 0.05). The outcomes suggest that bitter gourd contains a plethora of bioactive compounds; hence, bitter gourd may potentially be applied in developing novel molecules of medicinal importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaotao Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Y.Z.); (P.L.); (H.J.); (J.C.); (C.M.); (L.H.); (J.Y.)
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China; (Y.Z.); (P.L.); (H.J.); (J.C.); (C.M.); (L.H.); (J.Y.)
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7
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Ivanova D, Nikolova G, Karamalakova Y, Semkova S, Marutsova V, Yaneva Z. Water-Soluble Alkali Lignin as a Natural Radical Scavenger and Anticancer Alternative. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12705. [PMID: 37628882 PMCID: PMC10454704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Several phytochemicals, which display antioxidant activity and inhibit cancer cell phenotypes, could be used for cancer treatment and prevention. Lignin, as a part of plant biomass, is the second most abundant natural biopolymer worldwide, and represents approximately 30% of the total organic carbon content of the biosphere. Historically, lignin-based products have been viewed as waste materials of limited industrial usefulness, but modern technologies highlight the applicability of lignin in a variety of industrial branches, including biomedicine. The aims of our preliminary study were to compare the antioxidant properties of water-soluble alkali lignin solutions, before and after UV-B irradiation, as well as to clarify their effect on colon cancer cell viability (Colon 26), applied at low (tolerable) concentrations. The results showed a high antioxidant capacity of lignin solutions, compared to a water-soluble control antioxidant standard (Trolox) and remarkable radical scavenging activity was observed after their UV-B irradiation. Diminishment of cell viability as well as inhibition of the proliferative activity of the colon cancer cell line with an increase in alkali lignin concentrations were observed. Our results confirmed that, due to its biodegradable and biocompatible nature, lignin could be a potential agent for cancer therapy, especially in nanomedicine as a drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donika Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Student Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 “Armeyska” St., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (G.N.); (Y.K.)
| | - Galina Nikolova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 “Armeyska” St., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (G.N.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yanka Karamalakova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 “Armeyska” St., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (G.N.); (Y.K.)
| | - Severina Semkova
- Department of Electroinduced and Adhesive Properties, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1040 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Vania Marutsova
- Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Student Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
| | - Zvezdelina Yaneva
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Student Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
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Rumpf J, Burger R, Schulze M. Statistical evaluation of DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and Folin-Ciocalteu assays to assess the antioxidant capacity of lignins. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123470. [PMID: 36736974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This research studies in detail four different assays, namely DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant potential) and FC (Folin-Ciocalteu), to determine the antioxidant capacity of standard substances as well as 50 organosolv lignins, and two kraft lignins. The coefficient of variation was determined for each method and was lowest for ABTS and highest for DPPH. The best correlation was found for FRAP and FC, which both rely on a single electron transfer mechanism. A good correlation between ABTS, FRAP and FC, respectively, could be observed, even though ABTS relies on a more complex reaction mechanism. The DPPH assay merely correlates with the others, implying that it reflects different antioxidative attributes due to a different reaction mechanism. Lignins obtained from paulownia and silphium have been investigated for the first time regarding their antioxidant capacity. Paulownia lignin is in the same range as beech wood lignin, while silphium lignin resembles wheat straw lignin. Miscanthus lignin is an exception from the grass lignins and possesses a significantly higher antioxidant capacity. All lignins possess a good antioxidant capacity and thus are promising candidates for various applications, e. g. as additives in food packaging or for biomedical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rumpf
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany; Agricultural Faculty, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 174, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - René Burger
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Margit Schulze
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany; Agricultural Faculty, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 174, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
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9
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He MK, He YL, Li ZQ, Zhao LN, Zhang SQ, Liu HM, Qin Z. Structural characterization of lignin and lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) of sesame hull. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:258-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Zhu J, Wang H, Guo F, Salmén L, Yu Y. Cell wall polymer distribution in bamboo visualized with in situ imaging FTIR. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 274:118653. [PMID: 34702472 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the high recalcitrance of bamboo during bioconversion, the fine spatial distribution of polymers in bamboo was studied with Imaging FTIR microscopy under both transmission and ATR modes, combined with PCA data processing. The results demonstrated that lignin, xylan and hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) were more concentrated in the fibers near the xylem conduit, while cellulose was evenly distributed across the whole fiber sheath. PCA processing produced a clear separation between bamboo fibers and parenchyma cells, indicating that the parenchyma cells contains more pectin and HCA than fibers. It also demonstrated that cellulose, xylan and S-lignin were concentrated most heavily in bamboo fiber secondary cell walls, while G-lignin, pectin and HCA were found more in the compound middle lamella. The revealed information regarding polymer distribution is of great significance for better understanding of the inherent design mechanism of plant cell wall and its efficient utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhu
- Institute of New Bamboo and Rattan Based Materials, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, PR China; SFA and Beijing Co-built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100102, PR China
| | - Hankun Wang
- Institute of New Bamboo and Rattan Based Materials, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, PR China; SFA and Beijing Co-built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100102, PR China
| | - Fei Guo
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | | | - Yan Yu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
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12
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Rashid T, Sher F, Khan AS, Khalid U, Rasheed T, Iqbal HM, Murugesan T. Effect of protic ionic liquid treatment on the pyrolysis products of lignin extracted from oil palm biomass. FUEL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Arruda MDM, da Paz Leôncio Alves S, da Cruz Filho IJ, de Sousa GF, de Souza Silva GA, do Nascimento Santos DKD, do Carmo Alves de Lima M, de Moraes Rocha GJ, de Souza IA, de Melo CML. Characterization of a lignin from Crataeva tapia leaves and potential applications in medicinal and cosmetic formulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:286-298. [PMID: 33737189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lignins are phenolic macromolecules that have several applications. In this work, we examine some biological activities of a lignin-like macromolecule isolated from the Crataeva tapia leaves, not yet studied to evaluate its potential applications in medicinal and cosmetic formulations. Lignin was obtained by alkaline delignification and its physical-chemical characterization was made by means of FT-IR, UV-Vis, NMR spectroscopy, elementary analysis, molecular mass determination and thermal analysis. Lignin is of the GSH type, with levels of hydrogen (5.10%), oxygen (27.18%), carbon (67.60%), nitrogen (0.12%) and phenolic content of 189.6 ± 9.6 mg GAE/g. In addition, it is a thermally stable macromolecule with low antioxidant activity. Cytotoxicity and cytokine production were assessed by flow cytometry. The photoprotective activity was evaluated by adding different concentrations of lignin to a commercial cream. Lignin was not cytotoxic, it stimulated the production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 and did not promote a significant change in nitric oxide levels. In addition, this macromolecule was able to promote increased absorption of ultraviolet light from a commercial cream. These results reinforce the ethnopharmacological use of C. tapia leaves and suggest the need for further studies to determine the potential medicinal and cosmetic applications (sunscreen) of lignin from C. tapia leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Daniela Muniz Arruda
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Simone da Paz Leôncio Alves
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Iranildo José da Cruz Filho
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Georon Ferreira de Sousa
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Antonio de Souza Silva
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Maria do Carmo Alves de Lima
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - George Jackson de Moraes Rocha
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, PO Box 6192, 13083-100 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ivone Antonia de Souza
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Moutinho Lagos de Melo
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Zhou D, Liu ZH, Wang DM, Li DW, Yang LN, Wang W. Chemical composition, antibacterial activity and related mechanism of valonia and shell from Quercus variabilis Blume (Fagaceae) against Salmonella paratyphi a and Staphylococcus aureus. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:271. [PMID: 31627724 PMCID: PMC6798350 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant secondary metabolites and phytochemicals that exhibit strong bioactivities have potential to be developed as safe and efficient natural antimicrobials against food contamination and addressing antimicrobial resistance caused by the overuse of chemical synthetic preservative. In this study, the chemical composition, antibacterial activities and related mechanism of the extracts of the valonia and the shell of Quercus variabilis Blume were studied to determine its potential as a safe and efficient natural antimicrobial. METHODS The phenolic compositions of valonia and shell extracts were determined by folin-ciocalteau colourimetric method, sodium borohydride/chloranil-based assay and the aluminium chloride method and then further identified by the reverse-phase HPLC analysis. The antibacterial activities of valonia and shell extracts were evaluated by the agar disk diffusion method and agar dilution method. The related antibacterial mechanism was explored successively by the membrane of pathogens effect, phosphorous metabolism, whole-cell proteins and the microbial morphology under scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS The n-butanol fraction and water fraction of valonia along with n-butanol fraction of the shell contains enrich phenolics including ellagic acid, theophylline, caffeic acid and tannin acid. The n-butanol fraction and ethanol crude extracts of valonia exhibited strong antibacterial activities against Salmonella paratyphi A (S. paratyphi A) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with the DIZ values ranged from 10.89 ± 0.12 to 15.92 ± 0.44, which were greater than that of the Punica granatum (DIZ: 10.22 ± 0.18 and 10.30 ± 0.21). The MIC values of the n-butanol fraction and ethanol crude extracts of valonia against S. paratyphi A and S. aureus were 1.25 mg/ml and 0.625 mg/ml. The related antibacterial mechanism of n-butanol fraction and ethanol crude extracts of valonia may be attributed to their strong impact on membrane permeability and cellular metabolism. Those extracts exhibited strong antibacterial activity according to inhibit the synthesis of bacterial proteins and seriously change morphological structure of bacterial cells. CONCLUSIONS The n-butanol fraction and ethanol crude extracts of valonia had reasonably good antibacterial activities against S. paratyphi A and S. aureus. This study suggests possible application of valonia and shell as natural antimicrobials or preservatives for food and medical application.
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Pretreatment of the corncob enzymatic residue with p-toluenesulfonic acid and valorization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Agustin-Salazar S, Cerruti P, Medina-Juárez LÁ, Scarinzi G, Malinconico M, Soto-Valdez H, Gamez-Meza N. Lignin and holocellulose from pecan nutshell as reinforcing fillers in poly (lactic acid) biocomposites. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:727-736. [PMID: 29702173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose from agro-food biowaste represents a valuable source of cost-effective structural fillers for wholly renewable polymer composites. In this work, pecan (Carya illinoinensis) nutshell (NS) fiber and its structural components, holocellulose (HC) and acid insoluble lignin (AIL), were isolated, characterized and used as reinforcing fillers to manufacture poly(lactic acid) (PLA) based biocomposites. Thermal, morphological and mechanical properties of the prepared materials were analyzed. NS and HC acted as heterogeneous nucleating agents, potentially able to control PLA physical aging. Moreover, they significantly enhanced the viscoelastic response of PLA, mainly restricting the melt molecular mobility due to hydrodynamic effects and the formation of a three-dimensional particulate network. Flexural tests demonstrated that HC induced a 25% increase in modulus compared to the plain polymer. AIL, conversely, conferred higher ductility to the PLA matrix producing an increase in stress and strain at break of 55% and 65%, respectively. Finally, all the biocomposites showed lower resilience with respect to plain PLA due to the lack of chemical adhesion between filler and matrix. These results emphasize the potential of NS as a source of reinforcing filler in polymer-based biocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Agustin-Salazar
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Blvd. Luis Encinas, C.P. 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Pierfrancesco Cerruti
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), via Previati 1/E, 23900 Lecco, Italy.
| | - Luis Ángel Medina-Juárez
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Blvd. Luis Encinas, C.P. 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Gennaro Scarinzi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Na, Italy
| | - Mario Malinconico
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Na, Italy
| | - Herlinda Soto-Valdez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a La Victoria km 0.6 C.P. 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Nohemi Gamez-Meza
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Blvd. Luis Encinas, C.P. 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
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Rajan K, Mann JK, English E, Harper DP, Carrier DJ, Rials TG, Labbé N, Chmely SC. Sustainable Hydrogels Based on Lignin-Methacrylate Copolymers with Enhanced Water Retention and Tunable Material Properties. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2665-2672. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalavathy Rajan
- Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jeffrey K. Mann
- Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Eldon English
- Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Faculty of Sciences, Halls Middle School, 4317 East Emory Road, Knoxville, Tennessee 37938, United States
| | - David P. Harper
- Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Danielle Julie Carrier
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Timothy G. Rials
- Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Nicole Labbé
- Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Stephen C. Chmely
- Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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Structure elucidation and properties of different lignins isolated from acorn shell of Quercus variabilis Bl. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:1193-1202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang B, Shen XJ, Wen JL, Xiao L, Sun RC. Evaluation of organosolv pretreatment on the structural characteristics of lignin polymers and follow-up enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrates from Eucalyptus wood. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 97:447-459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Ahuja D, Kaushik A, Chauhan GS. Fractionation and physicochemical characterization of lignin from waste jute bags: Effect of process parameters on yield and thermal degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 97:403-410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Isolation and further structural characterization of lignins from the valonea of Quercus variabilis. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 97:164-172. [PMID: 28062240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The isolation process of alkali lignin (AL) from the valonea of Quercus variabilis Blume was optimized (liquid/solid ratio, 12.21; isolation time, 4.21h; isolation temperature, 42.21°C; and alkali concentration, 0.85mol/L) using the response surface method (RSM), with the highest isolation rate obtained being 22.67%. Then, the apparent structures of AL, enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (CEL) and milled wood lignin (MWL) were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which indicated that the isolation processes of AL and CEL caused some damage to the apparent structure of lignin. The comprehensive structure characteristics of lignin samples was studied using 1H, 13C and 2D-HSQC techniques based on former studies. It was found that (1) three lignins were GSH-type; (2) the relative content of β-O-4' linkages in CEL (75.91%) was lower than those in AL (91.57%) and MWL (83.23%), suggesting that the β-O-4' linkages were largely cleaved during the CEL isolation process. In addition, the existence of phenylcoumarane, ferulic acid, p-coumarates and p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohol end groups can be found; (3) The S/G ratios were estimated to be 8.72, 1.30 and 0.98 for AL, MWL and CEL, respectively, suggesting that the lignin fragment rich in S-units was easily released under the alkali conditions.
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Effect of mechanical activation on structure changes and reactivity in further chemical modification of lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:1081-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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