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Abdul Kareem ZG, Yasser Al-Zamily OM, Al-Khafaji NSK. Purification and characterization of α-galactosidase isolated from Klebsiella pneumoniae in the human oral cavity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129550. [PMID: 38244734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The enzyme α-Galactosidase (α-D-galactoside galactohydrolase [EC 3.2.1.22]) is an exoglycosidase that hydrolyzes the terminal α-galactosyl moieties of glycolipids and glycoproteins. It is ubiquitous in nature and possesses extensive applications in the food, pharma, and biotechnology industries. The present study aimed to purify α-galactosidase from Klebsiella pneumoniae, a bacterium isolated from the human oral cavity. The purification steps involved ammonium sulfate precipitation (70 %), dialysis, ion exchange chromatography using a DEAE-cellulose column, and affinity monolith chromatography. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis was used to determine the molecular weight of the purified enzyme. The kinetic constants, Michaelis constant (Km) and maximal velocity (Vmax), for this enzyme were determined by using p-nitrophenyl-α-D-galactopyranoside as substrate. The results showed that the purification fold, specific activity, and yield were 126.52, 138.58 units/mg, and 21.5 %, respectively. The SDS-PAGE showed that the molecular weight of the purified enzyme was 75 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature of the purified α-galactosidase were detected at pH 6.0 and 50 °C, respectively. The kinetic constants, Michaelis constant (Km) and maximal velocity (Vmax), for this enzyme were 4.6 mM and 769.23 U/ml, respectively. α-galactosidase from Klebsiella pneumoniae was purified and characterized. (SDS-PAGE) analysis showed that the purified enzyme appeared as single band with a molecular weight of 75 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab G Abdul Kareem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, Iraq; Department of Basic Science, College of Dentistry, University of Babylon, Iraq.
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Menon A, Pandurangan Maragatham V, Samuel M, Arunraj R. Properties and applications of α-galactosidase in agricultural waste processing and secondary agricultural process industries. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:21-31. [PMID: 37555350 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture products form the foundation building blocks of our daily lives. Although they have been claimed to be renewable resources with a low carbon footprint, the agricultural community is constantly challenged to overcome two post-harvest bottlenecks: first, farm bio-waste, a substantial economic and environmental burden to the farming sector, and second, an inefficient agricultural processing sector, plagued by the need for significant energy input to generate the products. Both these sectors require extensive processing technologies that are demanding in their energy requirements and expensive. To address these issues, an enzyme(s)-based green chemistry is available to break down complex structures into bio-degradable compounds that source alternate energy with valuable by-products and co-products. α-Galactosidase is a widespread class of glycoside hydroxylases that hydrolyzes α-galactosyl moieties in simple and complex oligo and polysaccharides, glycolipids, and glycoproteins. As a result of its growing importance, in this review we discuss the source of the enzyme, production and purification systems, and enzyme properties. We also elaborate on the enzyme's potential in agricultural bio-waste management, secondary agricultural industries like sugar refining, soymilk derivatives, food and confectionery, and animal feed processing. Insight into this vital enzyme will provide new avenues for less expensive green chemistry-based secondary agricultural processing and agricultural sustainability. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Menon
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, College of Engineering and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Vetriselvi Pandurangan Maragatham
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, College of Engineering and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Marcus Samuel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rex Arunraj
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, College of Engineering and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
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3
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Bai X, Sun X, Yu Y, Guo Y, Nian L, Cao C, Cheng S. Immobilization of α-galactosidase in polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan-glycidyl methacrylate hydrogels based on directional freezing-assisted salting-out strategy for hydrolysis of RFOs. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124808. [PMID: 37211074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) in food are the main factors causing flatulence in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) patients and the development of effective approaches for reducing food-derived RFOs is of paramount importance. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan (CS)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) immobilized α-galactosidase was prepared by the directional freezing-assisted salting-out technique, aimed to hydrolyze RFOs. SEM, FTIR, XPS, fluorescence and UV characterization results demonstrated that α-galactosidase was successfully cross-linked in the PVA-CS-GMA hydrogels, forming a distinct porous stable network through the covalent bond between the enzyme and the carrier. Mechanical performance and swelling capacity analysis illustrated that α-gal @ PVA-CS-GMA not only had suitable strength and toughness for longer durability, but also exhibited high water content and swelling capacity for better retention of catalytic activity. The enzymatic properties of α-gal @ PVA-CS-GMA showed an improved Km value, pH and temperature tolerance range, anti-enzymatic inhibitor (melibiose) activity compared to the free α-galactosidase and its reusability was at least 12 times with prolonged storage stability. Finally, it was successfully applied in the hydrolysis of RFOs in soybeans. These findings provide a new strategy for the development of α-galactosidase immobilization system to biological transform the RFOs components in the food for diet intervention of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Bai
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaoyang Sun
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yuheng Guo
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Linyu Nian
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chongjiang Cao
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shujie Cheng
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety/National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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4
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Anisha GS. Biopharmaceutical applications of α-galactosidases. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:257-267. [PMID: 35436353 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
α-Galactosidases are exoglycosidases that are active on galactose-containing side chains in oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycolipids, and glycoproteins. α-Galactosidases are gaining increased interest in human medicine, especially in the enzyme replacement therapy for Fabry's disease. α-Galactosidases with regioselectivity toward α-1,3-linked galactose find application in xenotransplantation and blood group transformation. The use of α-galactosidases as a therapeutic agent in alleviating the postprandial symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome is much acclaimed. The excellent therapeutic applications of α-galactosidases have led to an upwelling of worldwide research interventions to identify novel α-galactosidases with improved catalytic efficiency. In addition to these therapeutic applications, α-galactosidases also have interesting applications in the industrial sectors like food, feed, probiotics, sugar, and paper pulp. The current review focuses on the diverse therapeutic applications of α-galactosidases and their prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Sathyanesan Anisha
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Zhao Y, Zhou J, Dai S, Liu X, Zhang X. Isolation and Identification of an α-Galactosidase-Producing Lactosphaera pasteurii Strain and Its Enzymatic Expression Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185942. [PMID: 36144675 PMCID: PMC9502112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22) refers to a group of enzymes that hydrolyze oligosaccharides containing α-galactoside-banded glycosides, such as stachyose, raffinose, and verbascose. These enzymes also possess great potential for application in sugar production, and in the feed and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, a strain of Lactosphaera pasteurii (WHPC005) that produces α-galactosidase was identified from the soil of Western Hunan, China. It was determined that the optimal temperature and pH for this α-galactosidase were 45 °C and 5.5, respectively. The activity of α-galactosidase was inhibited by K+, Al3+, Fe3+, fructose, sucrose, lactose, galactose, SDS, EDTA, NaCl, and (NH4)2SO4, and enhanced by Ca2+, Fe2+, Mn2, Zn2+, glucose, and raffinose. The optimal inducer was raffinose, and the optimal induction concentration was 30 μmol/L. The α-galactosidase gene was cloned using random fragment cloning methods. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the open reading frame of the α-galactosidase gene was 1230 bp, which encodes a putative protein of 409 amino acids in length. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the isoelectric point and molecular weight of this α-galactosidase were 4.84 and 47.40 kD, respectively. Random coils, alpha helixes, and beta turns were observed in its secondary structure, and conserved regions were found in the tertiary structure of this α-galactosidase. Therefore, this α-galactosidase-producing bacterial strain has the potential for application in the feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development in Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jinghui Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shan Dai
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaozhu Liu
- College of Food & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550000, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Epigenetic Regulation and Development in Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (X.Z.)
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Bhatia S, Batra N, Singh J. Production, purification, characterization, and applications of α-galactosidase from Bacillus flexus JS27 isolated from Manikaran hot springs. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:366-383. [PMID: 35801491 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2095572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
α-Galactosidase hydrolyzes the α-1,6-linkage present at the non-reducing end of the sugars and results in the release of galactosyl residue from oligosaccharides like melibiose, raffinose, stachyose, etc. In the present study we report, α-galactosidase from Bacillus flexus isolated from Manikaran hot springs (India). Maximum enzyme production was obtained in guar gum and soybean meal after 72 h at 150 rpm. While, the temperature/pH of production was optimized at 50 °C and 7.0, respectively. Isoenzymes (α-gal I and II) were obtained and characterized based on temperature/pH optima along with their stability profile. JS27 α-Gal II was purified with a final purification fold of 11.54. Native and SDS-PAGE were used to determine the molecular weight of the enzyme as 86 and 41 kDa, respectively, indicating its homodimeric form. JS27 α-Gal II showed optimum enzyme activity at 55 °C and pH 7 (10 min). The enzyme displayed Km value of 2.3809 mM and Vmax of 2.0 × 104 µmol/min/ml with pNPG as substrate. JS27 α-Gal II demonstrated substrate hydrolysis and simultaneous formation of transgalactosylation products (α-GOS) with numerous substrates (sugar/sugar alcohols, oligosaccharides, and complex carbohydrates) which were verified by TLC and HPLC analysis. α-GOS are significant functional food ingredients and can be explored as prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navneet Batra
- Department of Biotechnology, Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagtar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Sepabeads EC-EP immobilized α-galactosidase: Immobilization, characterization and application in the degradation of raffinose-type oligosaccharides. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Improved Foods Using Enzymes from Basidiomycetes. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10040726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the kingdom of fungi, the division Basidiomycota represents more than 30,000 species, some with huge genomes indicating great metabolic potential. The fruiting bodies of many basidiomycetes are appreciated as food (“mushrooms”). Solid-state and submerged cultivation processes have been established for many species. Specifically, xylophilic fungi secrete numerous enzymes but also form smaller metabolites along unique pathways; both groups of compounds may be of interest to the food processing industry. To stimulate further research and not aim at comprehensiveness in the broad field, this review describes some recent progress in fermentation processes and the knowledge of fungal genetics. Processes with potential for food applications based on lipases, esterases, glycosidases, peptidases and oxidoreductases are presented. The formation and degradation of colourants, the degradation of harmful food components, the formation of food ingredients and particularly of volatile and non-volatile flavours serve as examples. In summary, edible basidiomycetes are foods—and catalysts—for food applications and rich donors of genes to construct heterologous cell factories for fermentation processes. Options arise to support the worldwide trend toward greener, more eco-friendly and sustainable processes.
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Anisha GS. Microbial α-galactosidases: Efficient biocatalysts for bioprocess technology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126293. [PMID: 34752888 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Galactomannans, abundantly present in plant biomass, can be used as renewable fermentation feedstock for biorefineries working for the production of bioethanol and other value-added products. The complete and efficient bioconversion of biomass to fermentable sugars for the generation of biofuels and other value-added products require the concerted action of accessory enzymes like α-galactosidases, which can work in cohesion with other carbohydrases in an enzyme cocktail. In the paper industry, α-galactosidases enhance the bleaching effect of endo-β-1,4-mannanases on softwood kraft pulp. Microbial α-galactosidases also find applications in the treatment of legume foods, recovery of sucrose from sugar beet syrup, improving the rheological properties of galactomannans, and synthesis of α-galactooligosaccharides to be used as functional food ingredients. Owing to their industrial applications, there is a surge in the research focused on α-galactosidases. The current review illustrates the diverse industrial applications of microbial α-galactosidases and their challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Sathyanesan Anisha
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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Biochemical characterization of a novel protease-resistant α-galactosidase from Paecilomyces thermophila suitable for raffinose family oligosaccharides degradation. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Wang J, Yang X, Yang Y, Liu Y, Piao X, Cao Y. Characterization of a protease-resistant α-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae YZ1 and its application in hydrolysis of raffinose family oligosaccharides from soymilk. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:708-720. [PMID: 32387605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The α-galactosidase gene (galC) was cloned from Aspergillus oryzae YZ1 and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The galC (2319 bp) containing two introns encoded a protein of 726 amino acids. The activity of the α-galactosidase (GalC) increased 1-fold after coding sequence optimization. Purified GalC exhibited a single protein band (100 kDa) in SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature of GalC were pH 4.66 and 50 °C, respectively. Like many GH36 family α-galactosidases, GalC displayed its activities towards raffinose and stachyose. The Km values for pNPG, raffinose and stachyose were 2.16, 4.63 and 8.54 mM, respectively. The GalC retained about 90% activity within the pH range 3.0-8.0. The activity of GalC was inhibited by Cu2+, while Ca2+ increased the enzyme activity. Different concentrations of glucose, mannose, galactose, xylose and sucrose slightly affected the activity of GalC. The GalC displayed strong resistance to trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and proteinase K. Under simulated gastric conditions, GalC maintained most of its native activity after pepsin treatment for 3 h. The GalC could also effectively degrade raffinose and stachyose in soymilk. The GalC with high hydrolysis efficiency towards raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) and strong resistance to proteases is considered to have great potential in food and feed industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Geng X, Yang D, Zhang Q, Chang M, Xu L, Cheng Y, Wang H, Meng J. Good hydrolysis activity on raffinose family oligosaccharides by a novel α-galactosidase from Tremella aurantialba. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:1249-1257. [PMID: 31739012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An α-galactosidase designated as TAG was purified from the dried fruit bodies of Tremella aurantialba with 182.5-fold purification. The purification procedure involved ion exchange chromatography on Q-sepharose, DEAE-Cellulose, and Mono Q and gel filtration by FPLC on Superdex 75. The purified α-galactosidase was a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 88 kDa. The optimal pH of TAG was 5.0 and more than 60% of the original enzyme activity remained at pH 2.0 and 3.0. Its optimal temperature was 54 °C with good thermo-stability, 30.8% of the original activity was retained after exposure to a temperature of 70 °C for 1 h. The metal ions Hg2+, Cu2+, Fe3+ and Mg2+ strongly inhibited the enzyme activity. The enzyme activity was found to be inhibited by N-bromosuccinimide indicating that tryptophan was essential to the catalytic activity of α-galactosidase. The enzyme completely hydrolysed stachyose and partially hydrolysed raffinose to galactose at 50 °C within 6 h as detected by thin layer chromatography and the dinitrosalicylic acid method and the content of reducing sugar reached 4.36 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueran Geng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiaoyi Zhang
- Orient Science & Technology College of Hunan Agricultural University, China
| | - Mingchang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Lijing Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Junlong Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
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Dong M, Gong Y, Guo J, Ma J, Li S, Li T. Optimization of production conditions of rice α-galactosidase II displayed on yeast cell surface. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 171:105611. [PMID: 32092408 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The yeast surface displayed rice α-galactosidase II (YSD rice α-Gal II) was generated with the pYD1 vector. The expression and cultural conditions for the improvement of production of YSD rice α-Gal II were optimized. The results showed that several induction factors, which were the initial cell density, inoculation ratio, galactose (inducer) concentration, induction time and temperature, determined the activity and expression efficiency of YSD rice α-Gal II. Meanwhile, the medium composition also affected its activity and production. Moreover, the production of YSD rice α-Gal II was further improved by continuous feeding of galactose in the fermenter level. The highest production was obtained at an initial cell density of OD600 = 2.9, 2% inoculation ratio, and 2% galactose, with 0.6 g/L compound nitrogen source ((NH4)2SO4/urea = 2/1, w/w) and 5 g/L sucrose, followed by continuous feeding of galactose (20 g/L with flow rate of 1.5 mL/h). At such conditions, the enzyme activity and productivity reached to 676.2 U/g (DCW) and 1548.5 U/L, respectively, 26.4- and 63.7-fold to that before optimization. The results provided a basic and effective strategy for the industrial production of YSD rice α-Gal II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosi Dong
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yun Gong
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jia Guo
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Xingcheng Village Rehabilitation Service Centre, Xingcheng, 125100, China
| | - Suhong Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Tuoping Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Liu Q, Du F, Kong W, Wang H, Ng TB. Fermentation Production, Purification and Characterization of a Fungal α-galactosidase from Trametes versicolor and Its Synergistic Degradation of Guar Gum with Mannanase. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.26.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Fang Du
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Weili Kong
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories
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15
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Bhatia S, Singh A, Batra N, Singh J. Microbial production and biotechnological applications of α-galactosidase. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 150:1294-1313. [PMID: 31747573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
α-Galactosidase, (E.C. 3.2.1.22) is an exoglycosidase that target galactooligosaccharides such as raffinose, melibiose, stachyose and branched polysaccharides like galactomannans and galacto-glucomannans by catalysing the hydrolysis of α-1,6 linked terminal galactose residues. The enzyme has been isolated and characterized from microbial, plant and animal sources. This ubiquitous enzyme possesses physiological significance and immense industrial potential. Optimization of the growth conditions and efficient purification strategies can lead to a significant increase in the enzyme production. To boost commercial productivity, cloning of novel α-galactosidase genes and their heterologous expression in suitable host has gained popularity. Enzyme immobilization leads to its greater reutilization, superior thermostability, pH tolerance and increased activity. The enzyme is well explored in food industry in the removal of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) in soymilk and sugar crystallization process. It also improves animal feed quality and biomass processing. Applications of the enzyme is in the area of biomedicine includes therapeutic advances in treatment of Fabry disease, blood group conversion and removal of α-gal type immunogenic epitopes in xenotransplantation. With considerable biotechnological applications, this enzyme has been vastly commercialized and holds greater future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Abhinashi Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, G.G.D.S.D. College, Sector-32-C, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navneet Batra
- Department of Biotechnology, G.G.D.S.D. College, Sector-32-C, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagtar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Álvarez-Cao ME, Cerdán ME, González-Siso MI, Becerra M. Optimization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-galactosidase production and application in the degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:172. [PMID: 31601209 PMCID: PMC6786279 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Galactosidases are enzymes that act on galactosides present in many vegetables, mainly legumes and cereals, have growing importance with respect to our diet. For this reason, the use of their catalytic activity is of great interest in numerous biotechnological applications, especially those in the food industry directed to the degradation of oligosaccharides derived from raffinose. The aim of this work has been to optimize the recombinant production and further characterization of α-galactosidase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. RESULTS The MEL1 gene coding for the α-galactosidase of S. cerevisiae (ScAGal) was cloned and expressed in the S. cerevisiae strain BJ3505. Different constructions were designed to obtain the degree of purification necessary for enzymatic characterization and to improve the productive process of the enzyme. ScAGal has greater specificity for the synthetic substrate p-nitrophenyl-α-D-galactopyranoside than for natural substrates, followed by the natural glycosides, melibiose, raffinose and stachyose; it only acts on locust bean gum after prior treatment with β-mannosidase. Furthermore, this enzyme strongly resists proteases, and shows remarkable activation in their presence. Hydrolysis of galactose bonds linked to terminal non-reducing mannose residues of synthetic galactomannan-oligosaccharides confirms that ScAGal belongs to the first group of α-galactosidases, according to substrate specificity. Optimization of culture conditions by the statistical model of Response Surface helped to improve the productivity by up to tenfold when the concentration of the carbon source and the aeration of the culture medium was increased, and up to 20 times to extend the cultivation time to 216 h. CONCLUSIONS ScAGal characteristics and improvement in productivity that have been achieved contribute in making ScAGal a good candidate for application in the elimination of raffinose family oligosaccharides found in many products of the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Efigenia Álvarez-Cao
- Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña. Grupo EXPRELA, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María-Esperanza Cerdán
- Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña. Grupo EXPRELA, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María-Isabel González-Siso
- Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña. Grupo EXPRELA, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Manuel Becerra
- Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña. Grupo EXPRELA, A Coruña, Spain
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A protease-resistant α-galactosidase characterized by relatively acid pH tolerance from the Shitake Mushroom Lentinula edodes. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:324-330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Mutra R, Joseph JE, Panwar D, Kaira GS, Kapoor M. Low molecular weight α-galactosidase from black gram (Vigna mungo): Purification and insights towards biochemical and biophysical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:770-778. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ye F, Geng XR, Xu LJ, Chang MC, Feng CP, Meng JL. Purification and characterization of a novel protease-resistant GH27 α-galactosidase from Hericium erinaceus. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:2165-2174. [PMID: 30195005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel 57-kDa acidic α-galactosidase designated as HEG has been purified from the dry fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus. The isolation protocol involved ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration on a Superdex75 column. The purification fold and specific activity were 1251 and 46 units/mg, respectively. A BLAST search of internal peptide sequences obtained by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis suggested that the enzyme belonged to the GH27 family. The activity of the enzyme reached its maximum at a pH of 6.0 or at 60 °C. The enzyme was stable within an acidic pH range of 2.2-7.0 and in a narrow temperature range. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by Zn2+, Fe3+, Ag+ ions and SDS. The Lineweaver-Burk plot suggested that the mode of inhibition by galactose and melibiose were of a mixed type. N-bromosuccinimide drastically decreased the activity of the enzyme, whereas diethylpyrocarbonate and carbodiimide strengthened the activity slightly. Moreover, the isolated enzyme displayed remarkable resistance to acid proteases, neutral proteases and pepsin. The enzyme could also hydrolyse oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. In addition, acidic protease promoted the hydrolysis of RFOs by HEG. The Km values of the enzyme towards pNPGal, raffinose and stachyose were 0.36 mM, 40.07 mM and 54.71 mM, respectively. These favourable properties increase the potential of the enzyme in the food industry and animal feed applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ye
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xue-Ran Geng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Li-Jing Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Ming-Chang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Cui-Ping Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Jun-Long Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, 030801, China.
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Geng X, Fan J, Xu L, Wang H, Ng TB. Hydrolysis of oligosaccharides by a fungal α-galactosidase from fruiting bodies of a wild mushroom Leucopaxillus tricolor. J Basic Microbiol 2018; 58:1043-1052. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueran Geng
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu Shanxi China
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Jing Fan
- Hebei Foreing Studies University; Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Lijing Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu Shanxi China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- Faculty of Medicine; School of Biomedical Sciences; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
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Liu Y, Yang S, Yan Q, Liu J, Jiang Z. High-level expression of a novel protease-resistant α-galactosidase from Thielavia terrestris. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Zhao R, Zhao R, Tu Y, Zhang X, Deng L, Chen X. A novel α-galactosidase from the thermophilic probiotic Bacillus coagulans with remarkable protease-resistance and high hydrolytic activity. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197067. [PMID: 29738566 PMCID: PMC5940202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel α-galactosidase of glycoside hydrolase family 36 was cloned from Bacillus coagulans, overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and characterized. The purified enzyme Aga-BC7050 was 85 kDa according to SDS-PAGE and 168 kDa according to gel filtration, indicating that its native structure is a dimer. With p-nitrophenyl-α-d- galactopyranoside (pNPGal) as the substrate, optimal temperature and pH were 55 °C and 6.0, respectively. At 60 °C for 30 min, it retained > 50% of its activity. It was stable at pH 5.0–10.0, and showed remarkable resistance to proteinase K, subtilisin A, α-chymotrypsin, and trypsin. Its activity was not inhibited by glucose, sucrose, xylose, or fructose, but was slightly inhibited at galactose concentrations up to 100 mM. Aga-BC7050 was highly active toward pNPGal, melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose. It completely hydrolyzed melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose in < 30 min. These characteristics suggest that Aga-BC7050 could be used in feed and food industries and sugar processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yishuai Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Liping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Characterization of a novel GH36 α-galactosidase from Bacillus megaterium and its application in degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Isolation of a protease-resistant and pH-stable α-galactosidase displaying hydrolytic efficacy toward raffinose family oligosaccharides from the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Int J Biol Macromol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Biochemical characterization of a novel β-galactosidase from Paenibacillus barengoltzii suitable for lactose hydrolysis and galactooligosaccharides synthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:1055-1063. [PMID: 28652150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A β-galactosidase gene (PbBGal2A) was cloned from Paenibacillus barengoltzii and expressed in Escherichia coli. The in silico analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed that PbBGal2A shared the highest identity of 40% with the characterized glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 2 β-galactosidase from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. The recombinant β-galactosidase (PbBGal2A) was purified with a molecular mass of 124.2kDa on SDS-PAGE. The optimal pH and temperature of PbBGal2A were determined to be pH 7.5 and 45°C, respectively. PbBGal2A was stable within pH 6.0-8.0 and up to 45°C. It completely hydrolyzed the lactose in milk and whey powder solution. In addition, PbBGal2A exhibited high transglycosylation activity and a maximum yield of 47.9% (w/w) for galactooligosaccharides (GOS) production was obtained in 8h at a lactose concentration of 350g/L. These properties make PbBGal2A an ideal candidate for commercial use in the production of lactose-free milk and GOS.
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