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Mengistu A, Angassa K, Tessema I, Andualem G, Yiheyes B, Berhane D, Abewaa M, Kassie M, Telay B. Keratin hydrolysate as a chrome exhaust aid and keratin filler in leather processing: A cleaner technology approach for tannery solid waste management and leather manufacturing. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34049. [PMID: 39055852 PMCID: PMC11269894 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hair burning unhairing and dampening of tannery wastes during the hair-saving unhairing process are becoming significant problems in the tanning industry. Therefore, this research article focuses on the extraction of keratin hydrolysate (KH) and its application as a chrome exhaust aid and keratin filler in leather manufacturing process. The structure, morphology and functional groups of the extract were examined using X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), respectively. To study and contrast the degree of improvement in chromium uptake, the KH solution was applied both before tanning on the pickled pelt and after tanning during basification. The thermal stability, physical strength characteristics and organoleptic properties of the leathers obtained were characterized. Furthermore, the environmental impact of the tanning system was assessed through a comparative analysis of the spent liquors. Finally, experimental retanning process was conducted to replace the commercial protein filler (Celatan F: 50, 75, and 100 %) with KH solution, with concurrent processing of control leather using conventional chrome tanning agent at 6 % dosage of chromium. The FTIR analysis of the extract confirmed the presence of alkyl side chains of amino acids as well as carboxylic, amide, carboxyl group and aldehyde functional groups at 1400-1700 cm-1,3,303.46 cm-1,3270 cm-1 and 2752 cm-1, respectively. XRD spectrum showed two diffraction peaks at 2 theta values of 9.36° and 21.16°, respectively. Leathers with improved mechanical strength, organoleptic properties and thermal stability were obtained with 100 % substitution of Celatan F at pH 6 and 10 % chromium dosage. It was also discovered that the shrinkage temperature of the experimental leather was enhanced to more than 105 °C. Environmental impact evaluation on the spent liquor showed that the complete replacement of Celatan F with KH solution brought about a notable decrease in COD and TDS in the spent liquor. The extraction and application of tannery hair waste-based keratin hydrolysate as an efficient, environmentally friendly chrome exhaust aid and keratin filler has been attempted and established in this research article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashagrie Mengistu
- The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Manufacturing Industry Development Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kenatu Angassa
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Sustainable Energy Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science, and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Israel Tessema
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Sustainable Energy Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science, and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Getaneh Andualem
- Manufacturing Industry Development Institute, Leather and Leather Products Industry Research and Development Center, P.O. Box 24692 Code 1000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bereket Yiheyes
- Manufacturing Industry Development Institute, Leather and Leather Products Industry Research and Development Center, P.O. Box 24692 Code 1000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Berhane
- Manufacturing Industry Development Institute, Leather and Leather Products Industry Research and Development Center, P.O. Box 24692 Code 1000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mikiyas Abewaa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Mulat Kassie
- Manufacturing Industry Development Institute, Leather and Leather Products Industry Research and Development Center, P.O. Box 24692 Code 1000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Telay
- Manufacturing Industry Development Institute, Leather and Leather Products Industry Research and Development Center, P.O. Box 24692 Code 1000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Banasaz S, Ferraro V. Keratin from Animal By-Products: Structure, Characterization, Extraction and Application-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1999. [PMID: 39065316 PMCID: PMC11280741 DOI: 10.3390/polym16141999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Keratin is a structural fibrous protein and the core constituent of animal by-products from livestock such as wool, feathers, hooves, horns, and pig bristles. This natural polymer is also the main component of human hair and is present at an important percentage in human and animal skin. Significant amounts of keratin-rich animal tissues are discarded worldwide each year, ca. 12 M tons, and the share used for keratin extraction and added-value applications is still very low. An important stream of new potential raw materials, represented by animal by-products and human hair, is thus being lost, while a large-scale valorization could contribute to a circular bioeconomy and to the reduction in the environmental fingerprint of those tissues. Fortunately, scientific research has made much important progress in the last 10-15 years in the better understanding of the complex keratin architecture and its variability among different animal tissues, in the development of tailored extraction processes, and in the screening of new potential applications. Hence, this review aims at a discussion of the recent findings in the characterization of keratin and keratin-rich animal by-product structures, as well as in keratin recovery by conventional and emerging techniques and advances in valorization in several fields.
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Das S, Das A, Das N, Nath T, Langthasa M, Pandey P, Kumar V, Choure K, Kumar S, Pandey P. Harnessing the potential of microbial keratinases for bioconversion of keratin waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34233-6. [PMID: 38985428 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The increasing global consumption of poultry meat has led to the generation of a vast quantity of feather keratin waste daily, posing significant environmental challenges due to improper disposal methods. A growing focus is on utilizing keratinous polymeric waste, amounting to millions of tons annually. Keratins are biochemically rigid, fibrous, recalcitrant, physiologically insoluble, and resistant to most common proteolytic enzymes. Microbial biodegradation of feather keratin provides a viable solution for augmenting feather waste's nutritional value while mitigating environmental contamination. This approach offers an alternative to traditional physical and chemical treatments. This review focuses on the recent findings and work trends in the field of keratin degradation by microorganisms (bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi) via keratinolytic and proteolytic enzymes, as well as the limitations and challenges encountered due to the low thermal stability of keratinase, and degradation in the complex environmental conditions. Therefore, recent biotechnological interventions such as designing novel keratinase with high keratinolytic activity, thermostability, and binding affinity have been elaborated here. Enhancing protein structural rigidity through critical engineering approaches, such as rational design, has shown promise in improving the thermal stability of proteins. Concurrently, metagenomic annotation offers insights into the genetic foundations of keratin breakdown, primarily predicting metabolic potential and identifying probable keratinases. This may extend the understanding of microbial keratinolytic mechanisms in a complex community, recognizing the significance of synergistic interactions, which could be further utilized in optimizing industrial keratin degradation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Das
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
| | - Nandita Das
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
| | - Tamanna Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
| | | | - Prisha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Royal Global University, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India, 248016
| | - Kamlesh Choure
- Department of Biotechnology, AKS University, Satna, 485001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
| | - Piyush Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India.
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Wu W, Song W, Zhao J, Guo S, Hong M, Zheng J, Hua Y, Cao P, Liu R, Duan JA. Saiga antelope horn suppresses febrile seizures in rats by regulating neurotransmitters and the arachidonic acid pathway. Chin Med 2024; 19:78. [PMID: 38831318 PMCID: PMC11149251 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saiga antelope horn (SAH) is a traditional Chinese medicine for treating febrile seizure (FS) with precise efficacy, but its mechanism of action and functional substances are still unclear. Given the need for further research on SAH, our group conducted studies to elucidate its mechanisms and active substances. METHODS An FS rat pup model was constructed through intraperitoneal injection of LPS and hyperthermia induction. Behavioural indicators of seizures, hippocampal histopathological alterations, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and hippocampal levels of neurotransmitters were observed and measured to investigate the effects of SAH on FS model rats. Hippocampal metabolomics and network pharmacology analyses were conducted to reveal the differential metabolites, key peptides and pathways involved in the suppression of FS by SAH. RESULTS SAH suppressed FS, decreased the inflammatory response and regulated the Glu-GABA balance. Metabolomic analysis revealed 13 biomarkers of FS, of which SAH improved the levels of 8 differential metabolites. Combined with network pharmacology, a "biomarker-core target-key peptide" network was constructed. The peptides of SAH, such as YGQL and LTGGF, could exert therapeutic effects via the arachidonic acid pathway. Molecular docking and ELISA results indicated that functional peptides of SAH could bind to PTGS2 target, inhibiting the generation of AA and its metabolites in hippocampal samples. CONCLUSION In summary, the functional peptides contained in SAH are the main material basis for the treatment of FS, potentially acting through neurotransmitter regulation and the arachidonic acid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Wu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides International Collaboration Joint Laboratory, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wencong Song
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Min Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yongqing Hua
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Peng Cao
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides International Collaboration Joint Laboratory, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui Liu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides International Collaboration Joint Laboratory, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides International Collaboration Joint Laboratory, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Khan AM, Altaf M, Hussain T, Hamed MH, Safdar U, Ayub A, Memon ZN, Hafiz A, Ashraf S, Amjad MS, Majeed M, Hassan M, Bussmann RW, Abbasi AM, Al-Yafrsi M, Elansary HO, Mahmoud EA. Ethnopharmacological uses of fauna among the people of central Punjab, Pakistan. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1351693. [PMID: 38681848 PMCID: PMC11045910 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1351693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The utilization of fauna and fauna-based byproducts in ethnomedicinal usages has been a longstanding human activity, practiced across various cultures worldwide. This study focuses on investigating the utilization of animal-based traditional medicine by the people of Pakistan, specifically in the Gujranwala area. Methods Data collection took place from January to September 2019 through interviews with local communities. Ethnomedicinal applications of animal products were analyzed using several indices, including Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Relative Popularity Level (RPL), Folk Use Value (FL), and Relative Occurrence Percentage (ROP). Results The study identified the use of different body parts of 54 species of animals in treating various diseases and health issues. These include but are not limited to skin infections, sexual problems, pain management (e.g., in the backbone and joints), eyesight issues, immunity enhancement, cold, weakness, burns, smallpox, wounds, poisoning, muscular pain, arthritis, diabetes, fever, epilepsy, allergies, asthma, herpes, ear pain, paralysis, cough, swelling, cancer, bronchitis, girls' maturity, and stomach-related problems. Certain species of fauna were noted by informers with high "frequency of citation" (FC), ranging from 1 to 77. For instance, the black cobra was the most frequently cited animal for eyesight issues (FC = 77), followed by the domestic rabbit for burn treatment (FC = 67), and the Indus Valley spiny-tailed ground lizard for sexual problems (FC = 66). Passer domesticus and Gallus gallus were noted to have the highest ROP value of 99. Discussion The findings of this study provide valuable preliminary insights for the conservation of fauna in the Gujranwala region of Punjab, Pakistan. Additionally, screening these animals for medicinally active compounds could potentially lead to the development of novel animal-based medications, contributing to both traditional medicine preservation and modern pharmaceutical advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Majid Khan
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Altaf
- Institute of Forest Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Hussain
- Institute of Forest Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - M. Haroon Hamed
- Department of Zoology Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Umaira Safdar
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amina Ayub
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zaibun-nisa Memon
- Department of Zoology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Hafiz
- Department of Zoology, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sana Ashraf
- Department of Zoology, University of Lahore, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shoaib Amjad
- Department of Botany, Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Bagh, Bagh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Majeed
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Musheerul Hassan
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Alpine Institute of Management and Technology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rainer W. Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Staatliches Museum Für Naturkunde, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Arshad Mahmood Abbasi
- Department of Environment Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Al-Yafrsi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A. Mahmoud
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
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Wang K, Xu Y, Huang H, Peng D, Chen J, Li P, Du B. Porcupine quills keratin peptides induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via p53/p21 pathway and caspase cascade reaction in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:1741-1755. [PMID: 37862230 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcupine quills, a by-product of porcupine pork, are rich in keratin, which is an excellent source of bioactive peptides. The objective of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of anti-proliferation effect of porcupine quills keratin peptides (PQKPs) on MCF-7 cells. RESULTS Results showed that PQKPs induced MCF-7 cells apoptosis by significantly decreasing the secretion level of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 and increasing the secretion levels of pro-apoptosis proteins Bax, cytochrome c, caspase 9, caspase 3 and PARP. PQKPs also arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase via remarkably reducing the protein levels of CDK4 and enhancing the protein levels of p53 and p21. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis identified nine peptides with molecular weights less than 1000 Da in PQKPs. Molecular docking results showed that TPGPPT and KGPAC identified from PQKPs could bind with p53 mutant and Bcl-2 protein by conventional hydrogen bonds, carbon hydrogen bonds and van der Waals force. Furthermore, the anti-proliferation impact of synthesized peptides (TPGPPT and KGPAC) was shown in MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that PQKPs suppressed the proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells by triggering apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, the outcome of this study will bring fresh insights into the production and application of animal byproducts. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haozhang Huang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Peng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Du
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang J, Liang M, Wu L, Yang Y, Sun Y, Wang Q, Gao X. Bioconversion of feather waste into bioactive nutrients in water by Bacillus licheniformis WHU. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:7055-7070. [PMID: 37750916 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Feathers become hazardous pollutants when deposited directly into the environment. The rapid expansion of the poultry industry has significantly increased feather waste, necessitating the development of new ways to degrade and utilize feathers. This study investigated the ability of Bacillus licheniformis WHU to digest intact chicken feathers in water. The results indicated that yields of free amino acids, bioactive peptides, and keratin-derived nano-/micro-particles were improved in bacteria- versus purified keratinase-derived feather hydrolysate. Bacteria-derived feather hydrolysate supplementation induced health benefits in mice, including significantly increased intestinal villus height and zonula occludens-1 protein expression, as well as increased secretory immunoglobulin A levels in the intestinal mucosa and superoxide dismutase activity in serum. Additionally, feather hydrolysate supplementation modulated the mouse gut microbiota, reflected by increased relative abundance of probiotics such as Lactobacillus spp., decreased relative abundance of Proteobacteria at the phylum level and pathogens such as Staphylococcus spp., and increased Bacteroidota/Firmicutes ratio. This study developed a simple, cost-effective method to degrade feathers by B. licheniformis WHU digestion, yielding a hydrolysate that can be directly used as a bioactive nutrient resource. The study findings have applications in the livestock, poultry, and aquaculture industries, which have high demands for cheap protein. KEY POINTS: • Bacillus licheniformis could degrade intact feather in water. • The resulting feather hydrolysate shows prebiotic effects on mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Manyu Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanhong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Dazhou Vocational College of Chinese Medicine, Tongchuan District, Luojiang Town, Dazhou, 635000, China.
| | - Xiaowei Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Dazhou Vocational College of Chinese Medicine, Tongchuan District, Luojiang Town, Dazhou, 635000, China.
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Revankar AG, Bagewadi ZK, Bochageri NP, Yunus Khan T, Mohamed Shamsudeen S. Response surface methodology based optimization of keratinase from Bacillus velezensis strain ZBE1 and nanoparticle synthesis, biological and molecular characterization. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103787. [PMID: 37705700 PMCID: PMC10495650 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing demands of keratinases for biodegradation of recalcitrant keratinaceous waste like chicken feathers has lead to research on newer potential bacterial keratinases to produce high-value products with biological activities. The present study reports a novel keratinolytic bacterium Bacillus velezensis strain ZBE1 isolated from deep forest soil of Western Ghats of Karnataka, which possessed efficient feather keratin degradation capability and induced keratinase production. Production kinetics depicts maximum keratinase production (11.65 U/mL) on 4th day with protein concentration of 0.61 mg/mL. Effect of various physico-chemical factors such as, inoculum size, metal ions, carbon and nitrogen sources, pH and temperature influencing keratinase production were optimized and 3.74 folds enhancement was evidenced through response surface methodology. Silver (AgNP) and zinc oxide (ZnONP) nanoparticles with keratin hydrolysate produced from chicken feathers by the action of keratinase were synthesized and verified with UV-Visible spectroscopy that revealed biological activities like, antibacterial action against Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. AgNP and ZnONP also showed potential antioxidant activities through radical scavenging activities by ABTS and DPPH. AgNP and ZnONP revealed cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines with IC50 of 5.47 µg/ml and 62.26 µg/ml respectively. Characterizations of nanoparticles were carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and atomic force microscopy analysis to elucidate the thermostability, structure and surface attributes. The study suggests the prospective applications of keratinase to trigger the production of bioactive value-added products and significant application in nanotechnology in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana G. Revankar
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka 580031, India
| | - Zabin K. Bagewadi
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka 580031, India
| | - Neha P. Bochageri
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka 580031, India
| | - T.M. Yunus Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaik Mohamed Shamsudeen
- Department of Diagnostic dental science and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
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Majeed Z, Farhat H, Ahmad B, Iqbal A, Faiz AUH, Mahnashi MH, Alqarni AO, Alqahtani O, Ali AA, Momenah AM. Process optimization, antioxidant, antibacterial, and drug adjuvant properties of bioactive keratin microparticles derived from porcupine ( Hystrix indica) quills. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15653. [PMID: 37609437 PMCID: PMC10441523 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A structural protein called keratin is often employed in the medical industry to create medication carriers. Process improvement, antioxidant, antibacterial, and adjuvant drug studies of synthetic bioactive keratin microparticles made from lipids and keratin derived from porcupine (Hystrix indica) quills are the main objectives of this study. After coating the keratin microparticles with lipids which were obtained from the same porcupine quills, the bioactive keratin microparticles were produced. The response surface technique was applied to optimize the conditions for extraction of the keratin protein and sizing of the keratin microparticles. An infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the chemical shifts in compositions of keratin microparticles while the optical microscopy was used to measure the size of the keratin microparticles. The results of this work revealed that a yield 27.36 to 42.25% of the keratin protein could be obtained from porcupine quills. The keratin microparticles were sized between 60.65 and 118.87 µm. Through response surface optimization, mercaptoethanol and urea were shown to be the main variables which positively affected the yield and the size of the keratin protein. The lipid stacking on the keratin microparticles' surface was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. The 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) assay confirmed the keratin microparticle's antioxidant activity of 29.83%. Compared to lipid alone, the antibacterial properties of the keratin microparticles against Escherichia coli-a gram-negative-and Staphylococcus aureus-a gram-positive-bacteria enhanced by up to 55% following the coating of the microparticles with the lipids. The pharmacological action against these bacterial species was further improved by the lipid-loaded erythromycin that was carried on the surface of keratin microparticles. This work has demonstrated the design and uses of the keratin microparticles obtained from porcupine quills for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Majeed
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Hoorulain Farhat
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Basharat Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Atia Iqbal
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Abu ul Hassan Faiz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bagh, Pakistan
| | - Mater H. Mahnashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali O. Alqarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omaish Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Al Ali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Al Nakhil Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman M. Momenah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Giteru SG, Ramsey DH, Hou Y, Cong L, Mohan A, Bekhit AEDA. Wool keratin as a novel alternative protein: A comprehensive review of extraction, purification, nutrition, safety, and food applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:643-687. [PMID: 36527315 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The growing global population and lifestyle changes have increased the demand for specialized diets that require protein and other essential nutrients for humans. Recent technological advances have enabled the use of food bioresources treated as waste as additional sources of alternative proteins. Sheep wool is an inexpensive and readily available bioresource containing 95%-98% protein, making it an outstanding potential source of protein for food and biotechnological applications. The strong structure of wool and its indigestibility are the main hurdles to achieving its potential as an edible protein. Although various methods have been investigated for the hydrolysis of wool into keratin, only a few of these, such as sulfitolysis, oxidation, and enzymatic processes, have the potential to generate edible keratin. In vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity studies reported no cytotoxicity effects of extracted keratin, suggesting its potential for use as a high-value protein ingredient that supports normal body functions. Keratin has a high cysteine content that can support healthy epithelia, glutathione synthesis, antioxidant functions, and skeletal muscle functions. With the recent spike in new keratin extraction methods, extensive long-term investigations that examine prolonged exposure of keratin generated from these techniques in animal and human subjects are required to ascertain its safety. Food applications of wool could improve the ecological footprint of sheep farming and unlock the potential of a sustainable protein source that meets demands for ethical production of animal protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yakun Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lei Cong
- Department of Agribusiness and Markets, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Anand Mohan
- Alliance Group Limited, Invercargill, New Zealand
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11
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Nano/micro-formulations of keratin in biocomposites, wound healing and drug delivery systems; recent advances in biomedical applications. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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12
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Trojanowska D, Suarato G, Braccia C, Armirotti A, Fiorentini F, Athanassiou A, Perotto G. Wool Keratin Nanoparticle-Based Micropatterns for Cellular Guidance Applications. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2022; 5:15272-15287. [PMID: 36338329 PMCID: PMC9624257 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c03116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The waste stream of low-grade wool is an underutilized source of keratin-rich materials with appropriate methods for upcycling into high value-added products still being an open challenge. In the present work, keratins were precipitated from their water solution to produce hierarchical keratin particles via isoelectric precipitation. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization coupled with time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry analysis (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS) showed the presence of the amino acid sequence leucine-aspartic acid-valine (LDV) in the extracted keratin. This well-known cell adhesion motif is recognized by the cell adhesion molecule α4β1 integrin. We showed that keratin particles had this tripeptide exposed on the surface and that it could be leveraged, via patterns obtained with microcontact printing, to support and facilitate dermal fibroblast cell adhesion and direct their growth orientation. The zeta potential, isoelectric point, morphological structures, chemical composition, and biocompatibility of keratin particles and the influence of the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were investigated. An appropriate ink for microcontact printing of the keratin particles was developed and micron-sized patterns were obtained. Cells adhered preferentially to the patterns, showing how this strategy could be used to functionalize biointerfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara
J. Trojanowska
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Materials Group, Via Morego, 30, 16163Genova, Italy
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Suarato
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Materials Group, Via Morego, 30, 16163Genova, Italy
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Translational Pharmacology Facility, Via Morego, 30, 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Clarissa Braccia
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Analytical Chemistry Facility, Via Morego, 30, 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Analytical Chemistry Facility, Via Morego, 30, 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fiorentini
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Materials Group, Via Morego, 30, 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Athanassia Athanassiou
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Materials Group, Via Morego, 30, 16163Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Perotto
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Materials Group, Via Morego, 30, 16163Genova, Italy
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13
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Nuutinen EM, Valle-Delgado JJ, Kellock M, Farooq M, Österberg M. Affinity of Keratin Peptides for Cellulose and Lignin: A Fundamental Study toward Advanced Bio-Based Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9917-9927. [PMID: 35930798 PMCID: PMC9387096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Keratin is a potential raw material to meet the growing demand for bio-based materials with special properties. Keratin can be obtained from feathers, a by-product from the poultry industry. One approach for keratin valorization is to use the protein to improve the properties of already existing cellulose and lignin-based materials to meet the requirements for replacing fossil-based plastics. To ensure a successful combination of keratin with lignocellulosic building blocks, keratin must have an affinity to these substrates. Hence, we used quartz crystal microbalance with a dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) technique to get a detailed understanding of the adsorption of keratin peptides onto lignocellulosic substrates and how the morphology of the substrate, pH, ionic strength, and keratin properties affected the adsorption. Keratin was fractionated from feathers with a scalable and environmentally friendly deep eutectic solvent process. The keratin fraction used in the adsorption studies consisted of different sized keratin peptides (about 1-4 kDa), which had adopted a random coil conformation as observed by circular dichroism (CD). Measuring keratin adsorption to different lignocellulosic substrates by QCM-D revealed a significant affinity of keratin peptides for lignin, both as smooth films and in the form of nanoparticles but only a weak interaction between cellulose and keratin. Systematic evaluation of the effect of surface, media, and protein properties enabled us to obtain a deeper understanding of the driving force for adsorption. Both the structure and size of the keratin peptides appeared to play an important role in its adsorption. The keratin-lignin combination is an attractive option for advanced material applications. For improved adsorption on cellulose, modifications of either keratin or cellulose would be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi-Maria Nuutinen
- Sustainable
products and materials, VTT, Technical Research
Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Juan José Valle-Delgado
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Miriam Kellock
- Sustainable
products and materials, VTT, Technical Research
Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Monika Österberg
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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14
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Sedighimehr I, Karami B, Farahi M, Keshavarz M. Synthesis of novel pyrano[2,3-f]chromene-dione derivatives using phosphoric acid-functionalized silica-coated Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles as a new reusable solid acid nanocatalyst. Mol Divers 2022; 26:3325-3336. [PMID: 35915390 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10393-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this research, the synthesis of novel indeno[1,2-b]pyrano[2,3-f]chromene-2,12(13H)-dione derivatives in the presence of a newly introduced magnetically recoverable nanosolid acid catalyst is reported. At the first, phosphoric acid-functionalized silica-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2-(CH2)3OPO3H2) were prepared and well characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. Then, the catalytic activity of the prepared Fe3O4@ SiO2-(CH2)3OPO3H2 nanocatalyst was investigated for the synthesis of novel indeno[1,2-b]pyrano[2,3-f]chromene-2,12(13H)-dione derivatives via a one-pot and three-component condensation between 5,7-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin, indane-1, 3-dione, and various aromatic aldehydes under solvent-free condition. All the products are unknown, and their characterization was performed with the spectral data information obtained from their FT-IR, 1H and 13CNMR, elemental analysis, and their melting points. The reusability study of the introduced nanosolid acid catalyst showed that the catalytic stability is almost completely remained up to five consecutive runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Sedighimehr
- Department of Chemistry, Yasouj University, P. O. Box 353, 75918-74831, Yasouj, Iran
| | - Bahador Karami
- Department of Chemistry, Yasouj University, P. O. Box 353, 75918-74831, Yasouj, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Farahi
- Department of Chemistry, Yasouj University, P. O. Box 353, 75918-74831, Yasouj, Iran
| | - Mosadegh Keshavarz
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Gas and Petroleum, Yasouj University, Gachsaran, Iran
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15
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Faiz M, Altaf M, Umair M, Almarry KS, Elbadawi YB, Abbasi AM. Traditional Uses of Animals in the Himalayan Region of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:807831. [PMID: 35847043 PMCID: PMC9277021 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.807831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The use of animals and animal-derived products in ethnopharmacological applications is an ancient human practice that continues in many regions today. The local people of the Himalayan region harbor rich traditional knowledge used to treat a variety of human ailments. The present study was intended with the aim of examining animal-based traditional medicine utilized by the population of the Himalayan region of Azad Jammu and Kashmir.Methods: Data were collected from 2017 to 2019 through individual and group interviews. Data on traditional uses of animal products were analyzed, utilizing following indices such as the frequency of citation, use value, relative importance, similarity index, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis to find the highly preferred species in the area.Results: Ethnomedicinal uses of 62 species of vertebrates and invertebrates were documented. Flesh, fat, bone, whole body, milk, skin, egg, head, feathers, bile, blood, and honey were all used in these applications. The uses of 25 animals are reported here for the first time from the study area (mainly insects and birds, including iconic species like the kalij pheasant, Lophura leucomelanos; Himalayan monal, L. impejanus; and western tragopon, Tragopan melanocephalus). The diversity and range of animal-based medicines utilized in these communities are indications of their strong connections with local ecosystems.Conclusion: Our results provide baseline data valuable for the conservation of vertebrate and invertebrate diversity in the region of Himalayan of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. It is possible that screening this fauna for medicinally active chemicals could contribute to the development of new animal-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Faiz
- Department of Zoology, Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bagh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Altaf
- Department of Forestry, Range and Wildlife Management, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur-Pakistan, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Umair, , ; Arshad Mehmood Abbasi, ,
| | - Khalid S. Almarry
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya B. Elbadawi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Mehmood Abbasi
- Department of Environment Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Pollenzo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Umair, , ; Arshad Mehmood Abbasi, ,
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16
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Brown CL, Montina T, Inglis GD. Feather pulp: a novel substrate useful for proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolomics and biomarker discovery. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101866. [PMID: 35679673 PMCID: PMC9189206 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive biomarkers of stress that are predictive of poultry health are needed. Feather pulp is highly vascularized and represents a potential source of biomarkers that has not been extensively explored. We investigated the feasibility and use of feather pulp for novel biomarker discovery using 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR)-based metabolomics. To this end, high quality NMR metabolomic spectra were obtained from chicken feather pulp extracted using either ultrafiltration (UF) or Bligh-Dyer methanol-chloroform (BD) methods. In total, 121 and 160 metabolites were identified using the UF and BD extraction methods, respectively, with 71 of these common to both methods. The metabolome of feather pulp differed in broiler breeders that were 1-, 23-, and 45-wk-of-age. Moreover, feather pulp was more difficult to obtain from older birds, indicating that age must be considered when targeting feather pulp as a source of biomarkers. The metabolomic profile of feather pulp obtained from 12-day-old broilers administered corticosterone differed from control birds, indicating that the metabolome of feather pulp was sensitive to induced physiological stress. A comparative examination of feather pulp and serum in broilers revealed that the feather pulp metabolome differed from that of serum but provided more information. The study findings show that metabolite biomarkers in chicken feather pulp may allow producers to effectively monitor stress, and to objectively develop and evaluate on-farm mitigations, including practices that reduce stress and enhance bird health.
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17
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Velamakanni RP, Sree BS, Vuppugalla P, Velamakanni RS, Merugu R. Biopolymers from Microbial Flora. Biopolymers 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-98392-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Biopolymers: Global Carbon Footprint and Climate Change. Biopolymers 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-98392-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Biopolymers from Agriculture Waste and By-Products. Biopolymers 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-98392-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Potential Applications of Biopolymers in Fisheries Industry. Biopolymers 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-98392-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Kumawat TK, Kumawat V, Sharma S, Sharma V, Pandit A, Kandwani N, Biyani M. Sustainable Green Methods for the Extraction of Biopolymers. Biopolymers 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-98392-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Molisso S, Williams DR, Ces O, Rowlands LJ, Marsh JM, Law RV. Molecular interaction and partitioning in α-keratin using 1H NMR spin-lattice ( T1) relaxation times. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210698. [PMID: 34875877 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions between small molecules and keratins are poorly understood. In this paper, a nuclear magnetic resonance method is presented to measure changes in the 1H T1 relaxation times of small molecules in human hair keratin to quantify their interaction with the fibre. Two populations of small-molecule compounds were identified with distinct relaxation times, demonstrating the partitioning of the compounds into different keratin environments. The changes in relaxation time for solvent in hair compared with bulk solvent were shown to be related to the molecular weight (MW) and the partition coefficient, LogP, of the solvent investigated. Compounds with low MWs and high hydrophilicities had greater reductions in their T1 relaxation times and therefore experienced increased interactions with the hair fibre. The relative population sizes were also calculated. This is a significant step towards modelling the behaviour of small molecules in keratinous materials and other large insoluble fibrous proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Molisso
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, MSRH, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80-92 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Daryl R Williams
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Oscar Ces
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, MSRH, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80-92 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Lucy J Rowlands
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, MSRH, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80-92 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Jennifer M Marsh
- The Procter and Gamble Company, Mason Business Center, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, OH 45040, USA
| | - Robert V Law
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, MSRH, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80-92 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
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23
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Sun X, Wang X, Sun F, Tian M, Qu L, Perry P, Owens H, Liu X. Textile Waste Fiber Regeneration via a Green Chemistry Approach: A Molecular Strategy for Sustainable Fashion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2105174. [PMID: 34561908 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fast fashion, as a continuously growing part of the textile industry, is widely criticized for its excessive resource use and high generation of textiles. To reduce its environmental impacts, numerous efforts are focused on finding sustainable and eco-friendly approaches to textile recycling. However, waste textiles and fibers are still mainly disposed of in landfills or by incineration after their service life and thereby pollute the natural environment, as there is still no effective strategy to separate natural fibers from chemical fibers. Herein, a green chemistry strategy is developed for the separation and regeneration of waste textiles at the molecular level. Cellulose/wool keratin composite fibers and multicomponent fibers are regenerated from waste textiles via a green chemical process. The strategy attempts to reduce the large amount of waste textiles generated by the fast-developing fashion industry and provide a new source of fibers, which can also address the fossil fuel reserve shortages caused by chemical fiber industries and global food shortages caused by natural fiber production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuantong Sun
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Fengqiang Sun
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province and the Ministry of Education, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, P.R. China
| | - Mingwei Tian
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province and the Ministry of Education, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Qu
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province and the Ministry of Education, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, P.R. China
| | - Patsy Perry
- Manchester Fashion Institute, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M15 6BG, UK
| | - Huw Owens
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Xuqing Liu
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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24
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Goh PS, Othman MHD, Matsuura T. Waste Reutilization in Polymeric Membrane Fabrication: A New Direction in Membranes for Separation. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:782. [PMID: 34677548 PMCID: PMC8541373 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In parallel to the rapid growth in economic and social activities, there has been an undesirable increase in environmental degradation due to the massively produced and disposed waste. The need to manage waste in a more innovative manner has become an urgent matter. In response to the call for circular economy, some solid wastes can offer plenty of opportunities to be reutilized as raw materials for the fabrication of functional, high-value products. In the context of solid waste-derived polymeric membrane development, this strategy can pave a way to reduce the consumption of conventional feedstock for the production of synthetic polymers and simultaneously to dampen the negative environmental impacts resulting from the improper management of these solid wastes. The review aims to offer a platform for overviewing the potentials of reutilizing solid waste in liquid separation membrane fabrication by covering the important aspects, including waste pretreatment and raw material extraction, membrane fabrication and characterizations, as well as the separation performance evaluation of the resultant membranes. Three major types of waste-derived polymeric raw materials, namely keratin, cellulose, and plastics, are discussed based on the waste origins, limitations in the waste processing, and their conversion into polymeric membranes. With the promising material properties and viability of processing facilities, recycling and reutilization of waste resources for membrane fabrication are deemed to be a promising strategy that can bring about huge benefits in multiple ways, especially to make a step closer to sustainable and green membrane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Sean Goh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Takeshi Matsuura
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur St., Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
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25
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Abstract
Keratin is a structural protein of mammalian tissues and birds, representing the principal constituent of hair, nails, skin, wool, hooves, horns, beaks, and feathers, and playing an essential role in protecting the body from external harassment. Due to its intrinsic features such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, responsiveness to specific biological environment, and physical–chemical properties, keratin has been extensively explored in the production of nanocarriers of active principles for different biomedical applications. In the present review paper, we aimed to give a literature overview of keratin-based nanoparticles produced starting from human hair, wool, and chicken feathers. Along with the chemical and structural description of keratin nanoparticles, selected in vitro and in vivo biological data are also discussed to provide a more comprehensive framework of possible fields of application of this protein. Despite the considerable number of papers describing the production and use of keratin nanoparticles as carries of anticancer and antimicrobial drugs or as hemostatic and wound healing materials, still, efforts are needed to implement keratin nanoparticles towards their clinical application.
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Han X, Yang R, Wan X, Dou J, Yuan J, Chi B, Shen J. Antioxidant and multi-sensitive PNIPAAm/keratin double network gels for self-stripping wound dressing application. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6212-6225. [PMID: 34319336 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00702e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel is a potential wound dressing material due to its ability to maintain a humid environment, the strong absorptive capacity of exuded tissue fluid, and gas exchange function. Herein, poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)/keratin double network (PNIPAAm/keratin DN) gels were fabricated through covalent and ionic double cross-linking strategy. The effects of PNIPAAm/keratin ratios on the morphology and swelling rate of gels were characterized. The DN gels could swell up from 2600% to 4600% in proportion to the keratin content, demonstrating their great ability to absorb tissue fluid. The gels possessed thermo-sensitiveness, imparting self-stripping property. Moreover, the antibacterial chlorhexidine acetate (CHX) was loaded into gels with a post-fabrication drug-loading strategy. The release behavior showed that CHX-loaded DN gels exhibited multiple responsive characteristics (temperature, pH, and ROS). Furthermore, the drug-loaded gels showed greater antibacterial activity than free CHX due to the sustained drug release effect. Meanwhile, the antioxidant efficiency of PNIPAAm/keratin DN gels was ca. 33.1%, while the PNIPAAm gel was just ca. 18.2%, indicating the strong oxidation resistance of DN gels. In the Sprague Dawley (SD) rat skin defect model, the hydrogel had better tissue regeneration ability than the commercial film. Taken together, the multifunctional PNIPAAm/keratin DN gels are potential candidates for clinical wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
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Chicken Feather Keratin Peptides for the Control of Keratinocyte Migration. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11156779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
FAO estimates that in 2030 the poultry meat production could reach 120 million tons, which is a challenge in terms of waste management. Feathers are mainly composed of keratin, an important biomaterial. Using feathers as a source of keratin will minimize the waste generated, while contributing to supply an important material for several industries, such as pharmaceutical and biomedical. The peptides were extracted from the feathers by microbial degradation. In this study, we evaluated the peptides effect on keratinocyte metabolic activity and migration. The influence of these peptides on non-activated and activated macrophages was also assessed. It was demonstrated that depending on the keratin peptide fraction in contact with keratinocytes, it is possible to modulate the migration rate of the keratinocytes. Peptide fraction with low molecular weight increases migration, while peptides with a high range of molecular sizes decreases it. Some peptide fractions induce the secretion of TNF-α in non-activated macrophages and not on activated macrophages, demonstrating that these peptides should only be placed in contact with cells, in the context of an ongoing inflammatory process. This work is a step forward on the understanding of keratin peptides influence on keratinocytes and immune cells system cells, macrophages.
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Yi Z, Cui X, Chen G, Chen X, Jiang X, Li X. Biocompatible, Antioxidant Nanoparticles Prepared from Natural Renewable Tea Polyphenols and Human Hair Keratins for Cell Protection and Anti-inflammation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1046-1057. [PMID: 33512989 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause oxidative stress of tissues and adversely influence homeostasis of the body. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) with an antioxidative effect can effectively eliminate the ROS, but an evident weakness associated with it is the relatively poor cytocompatibility. Combining with other biomacromolecules such as human hair keratin (KE) and using nanotechnology to prepare nanoparticles can improve this situation. By covalent bonding, we assembled KE and EGCG into KE-EGCG nanoparticles (NANO) with size of about 50 nm and characterized them by DLS, UV, FTIR, NMR, and XPS. Free radical scavenging experiments show that antioxidant properties of the obtained NANO are superior to that of vitamin C. Cell culture experiments also show that the NANO can effectively protect the proliferation of L929 cells and HUVEC cells. In addition, we also used RAW264.7 cells to establish a H2O2-induced cell injury model and an lipopolysaccharide-induced cellular inflammatory model to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of NANO. The results show that the NANO can effectively prevent cells from oxidative damage and reduce inflammatory expression of the cells, indicating that the NANO have a good antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effect on cells which can be applied to many diseases related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Yi
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.,College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xinxing Cui
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.,College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Guangcan Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.,College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.,College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.,College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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Sharma T, Kumar A. Bioprocess development for efficient conversion of CO2 into calcium carbonate using keratin microparticles immobilized Corynebacterium flavescens. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ion transfer channel network formed by flower and rod shape crystals of hair hydrolysate in poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix and its application as anion exchange membrane in fuel cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 587:214-228. [PMID: 33360894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ion transfer phenomena occurring in nature are known to be most efficient. Many efforts have been made to mimic such phenomena, especially in the area of energy transfer. Proteins consisting of various amino acids are known to be the fundamental materials behind these phenomena. In the current study, an effort was made to extract proteinaceous material from human hair bio-waste by a green chemical-free thermal hydrolysis process. A simple heat treatment of the human hairs in presence of water led to the formation of a water soluble material, which was called hair hydrolysate (HH), contains 70 wt% proteinaceous material. It was utilized for the fabrication of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix-based anion exchange membrane (AEM). Presence of 27 wt% charged amino acids and 19 wt% polarizable amino acids in the HH provided effective charge transfer sites. 7 wt% arginine present in the HH, having continuous delocalized net positive charge helped the membrane to be stable in highly alkaline conditions, which was confirmed by an indirect analysis of alkaline stability. Formation of rod and flower shaped crystal morphology by the HH in glutaraldehyde crosslinked PVA matrix, created a continuous channel network at higher loadings, which provided a simple path for ion transfer, achieving OH- conductivity of 7.46 mS/cm at 70 °C. Swelling of the PVA matrix was minimized by annealing of the HH loaded sample, which resulted in reduction of ionic conductivity to 6.16 mS/cm (at 70 °C). At the same time, improvement in the properties like increase in thermal, mechanical and thermo-mechanical stability, reduction in water uptake, %swelling and methanol permeability was observed. The selectivity of the membrane was increased to almost a decimal place. Thus, the HH obtained from simple green thermal hydrolysis of human hair bio-waste is a cheap material, which is found to be suitable as ion conductive material for alkaline fuel cells.
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Alahyaribeik S, Ullah A. Effects of Ultrasound‐Assisted Alkaline Extraction on Antioxidant Activity and Functional Characteristics of Chicken Feather Keratin Peptides. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Alahyaribeik
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada T5G2P5
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science College of Aburaihan University of Tehran Pakdasht Iran 33916-53755
| | - Aman Ullah
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada T5G2P5
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Alahyaribeik S, Sharifi SD, Tabandeh F, Honarbakhsh S, Ghazanfari S. Stability and cytotoxicity of DPPH inhibitory peptides derived from biodegradation of chicken feather. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 177:105748. [PMID: 32911063 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant activity and cell viability of feather hydrolysates obtained with the Bacillus licheniformis were evaluated using an in-vitro model. The results indicate that feathers-derived peptides under 3 kDa have antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 5.03 ± 0.215 mg/mL by using DPPH antioxidant assay. Although the antioxidant activity of the peptides under 3 kDa preserved after applying diverse heating (from 20 to 100 °C), they lost their activity under strongly acidic or alkaline conditions. Antioxidant activity of the mixed feather bioactive peptides (MFBPs) obtained with partial purification of peptides under 3 kDa was with IC50 amount of 0.169 mg/mL ± 0.004 using DPPH radical scavenging assay. Also, MFBPs within an amount range of from 0.0048 to 5.0 mg/mL, illustrated no cytotoxicity to gingival fibroblast blood cell lines. In light of our results, the obtained value-added peptides could be useful in different food products as a future functional ingredient with antioxidant potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Alahyaribeik
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Davood Sharifi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Tabandeh
- Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shirin Honarbakhsh
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shokoufe Ghazanfari
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
Keratin-based biomaterials represent an attractive opportunity in the fields of wound healing and tissue regeneration, not only for their chemical and physical properties, but also for their ability to act as a delivery system for a variety of payloads. Importantly, keratins are the only natural biomaterial that is not targeted by specific tissue turnover-related enzymes, giving it potential stability advantages and greater control over degradation after implantation. However, in-situ polymerization chemistry in some keratin systems are not compatible with cells, and incorporation within constructs such as hydrogels may lead to hypoxia and cell death. To address these challenges, we envisioned a pre-formed keratin microparticle on which cells could be seeded, while other payloads (e.g. drugs, growth factors or other biologic compounds) could be contained within, although studies investigating the potential partitioning between phases during emulsion polymerization would need to be conducted. This study employs well-established water-in-oil emulsion procedures as well as a suspension culture method to load keratin-based microparticles with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Fabricated microparticles were characterized for size, porosity and surface structure and further analyzed to investigate their ability to form gels upon hydration. The suspension culture technique was validated based on the ability for loaded cells to maintain their viability and express actin and vinculin proteins, which are key indicators of cell attachment and growth. Maintenance of expression of markers associated with cell plasticity was also investigated. As a comparative model, a collagen-coated microparticle (Sigma) of similar size was used. Results showed that an oxidized form of keratin ("keratose" or "KOS") formed unique microparticle structures of various size that appeared to contain a fibrous sub-structure. Cell adhesion and viability was greater on keratin microparticles compared to collagen-coated microparticles, while marker expression was retained on both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Thompson
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Burn and Soft Tissue Research Division, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aaron Giuffre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Claire McClenny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Mark Van Dyke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Lu TY, Huang WC, Chen Y, Baskaran N, Yu J, Wei Y. Effect of varied hair protein fractions on the gel properties of keratin/chitosan hydrogels for the use in tissue engineering. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 195:111258. [PMID: 32683238 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Keratin/chitosan composite is a readily available source for a hybrid hydrogel in tissue engineering. While human hair keratins could provide biological functions, chitosan could further enhance the mechanical strength of the hybrid hydrogels. However, hair keratin is a group of natural proteins, and the uncontrolled hair protein contents in a hydrogel may lead to the batch-to-batch inconsistent gel properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of hair protein composition, including the keratin-associated proteins (KAPs, 6-30 kDa) and keratin intermediate filaments (KIFs, 45-60 kDa) on gel characteristics of the keratin/chitosan hydrogel. The various compressive and tensile modulus of the gel was observed based on the selection of different protein fractions as the significant gel components. These results thus suggest a straightforward method of preparing hair keratin/chitosan hydrogel with much more controllable gel properties by merely modulating the KAPs/KIFs ratios in a gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuan Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Nareshkumar Baskaran
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Jiashing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Yang Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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Shankar S, Rhim JW. Eco-friendly antimicrobial nanoparticles of keratin-metal ion complex. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:110068. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zou M, Xu L, Zhou J, Song J, Liu S, Li X. Microstructure and compression resistance of bean goose (Anser fabalis) feather shaft. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 83:156-164. [PMID: 31659818 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The bean goose Anser fabalis, noted for its excellent flying ability, has feathers composed of keratinized products derived from epidermal cells, which play a crucial role in flight. The feather shaft is an important connective unit, made of a lightweight material, which also contributes to aiding flight. The shaft can withstand loads from different directions and has outstanding compression resistance. In this study, the microstructure and composition of the A. fabalis feather shaft were observed by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and its compression resistance was studied by compression testing. The results indicated that the mechanical property of the shaft is related to its microstructure. Compression testing verified that the primary feathers had the strongest mechanical properties, followed by the secondaries, and finally the alulae. Under the same conditions, the specific energy absorption of the three feather types was 5.96, 5.02, and 3.17 J/g, respectively. With increasing moisture content, the rachis was softened and the energy absorption was reduced. At low moisture content, the specific energy absorption of the primaries was reduced to 1.03 J/g, that of the secondaries was reduced to 1.72 J/g, and that of the alulae to 0.39 J/g. The feather shafts have the advantage of light weight while maintaining the required mechanical properties. These results provide a theoretical and experimental basis for crashworthiness in bionic designs based on the requirements of light weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zou
- Key Lab of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihan Xu
- Key Lab of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianfei Zhou
- Key Lab of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiafeng Song
- Key Lab of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shengfu Liu
- Key Lab of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Key Lab of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Callegaro K, Brandelli A, Daroit DJ. Beyond plucking: Feathers bioprocessing into valuable protein hydrolysates. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 95:399-415. [PMID: 31351626 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The livestock production and subsequent processing of meat results in huge quantities of solid waste such as viscera, bones, skin and keratin-rich materials, including feathers, hair, wool, claws and hooves. In particular, the continuous growth of poultry industry generates massive amounts of feathers as major waste material. The conversion of such by-products into materials with increased value has been studied. Hydrothermal, chemical or biological approaches have been investigated to achive effective conversion of highly recalcitrant proteins that are abundant in animal waste, but increasing interest is devoted to the development of biotechnological methods. The processing of feathers and other by-products into protein hydrolysates may have industrial and commercial significance. Therefore, this review comprehensively addresses the postulated applications of hydrolysates obtained from keratinous biomasses. Examples on the utilization of feather hydrolysates as organic soil fertilizers, feed ingredients, cosmetic formulations and biofuel production are described in the literature. Microbial feather hydrolysis can generate bioactive peptides as well. The use of protein-rich waste from meat industry to produce hydrolysates with biological activities constitutes a point of utmost interest for development of functional ingredients with elevated value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Callegaro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Tecnologias Sustentáveis, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Cerro Largo, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, 97900-000 Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriano Brandelli
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (ICTA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Joner Daroit
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Tecnologias Sustentáveis, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Cerro Largo, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, 97900-000 Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil.
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Nuutinen EM, Willberg-Keyriläinen P, Virtanen T, Mija A, Kuutti L, Lantto R, Jääskeläinen AS. Green process to regenerate keratin from feathers with an aqueous deep eutectic solvent. RSC Adv 2019; 9:19720-19728. [PMID: 35519403 PMCID: PMC9065387 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03305j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, waste feathers were processed into uniform keratin feedstock using an aqueous, inexpensive and non-toxic deep eutectic solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi-Maria Nuutinen
- Solutions for Natural Resources and Environment
- VTT
- Technical Research Centre of Finland
- Espoo
- Finland
| | - Pia Willberg-Keyriläinen
- Solutions for Natural Resources and Environment
- VTT
- Technical Research Centre of Finland
- Espoo
- Finland
| | - Tommi Virtanen
- Solutions for Natural Resources and Environment
- VTT
- Technical Research Centre of Finland
- Espoo
- Finland
| | - Alice Mija
- Université Côte d'Azur
- Université Nice-Sophia Antipolis
- Institut de Chimie de Nice
- 06108 Nice Cedex 02
- France
| | - Lauri Kuutti
- Solutions for Natural Resources and Environment
- VTT
- Technical Research Centre of Finland
- Espoo
- Finland
| | - Raija Lantto
- Solutions for Natural Resources and Environment
- VTT
- Technical Research Centre of Finland
- Espoo
- Finland
| | - Anna-Stiina Jääskeläinen
- Solutions for Natural Resources and Environment
- VTT
- Technical Research Centre of Finland
- Espoo
- Finland
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Adelere IA, Lateef A. Degradation of Keratin Biomass by Different Microorganisms. KERATIN AS A PROTEIN BIOPOLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02901-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Shah A, Tyagi S, Bharagava RN, Belhaj D, Kumar A, Saxena G, Saratale GD, Mulla SI. Keratin Production and Its Applications: Current and Future Perspective. KERATIN AS A PROTEIN BIOPOLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02901-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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McLellan J, Thornhill SG, Shelton S, Kumar M. Keratin-Based Biofilms, Hydrogels, and Biofibers. KERATIN AS A PROTEIN BIOPOLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02901-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Perotto G, Sandri G, Pignatelli C, Milanesi G, Athanassiou A. Water-based synthesis of keratin micro- and nanoparticles with tunable mucoadhesive properties for drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00443b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A water-based synthesis to produce micro and nano particles of keratin, that can be easily loaded with drugs and showed a sustained release, is reported. The particles interaction with mucin could be altered to favor or decrease their mucoadhesion.
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Abstract
Magnetic nanocomposites are multi-component, nanosized magnetic materials, to generate the response to an external stimulus (i.e., outer inert or alternative magnetic field). The novel nanocomposites is a combination of excess of various materials such as liquid crystals, silica, gels, renewable polymers, carbon along with different magnetic particles. They have immense applications in the field of medical diagnosis and therapy, catalysis and separation. These nanocarriers are mainly classified into nanotubes, nanosheets, spherical nanoparticles, nanofibres, highly porous nanocomposites. The porous nanostructures provides a better surface for the entrapment or covalent binding of enzymes, proteins, biomolecules and drugs but the major challenge is to design and synthesize a desired structure with suitable surface properties and biocompatibility. Extensive attempts have been made to manipulate the mesoporous materials and its combination with other structure in order to synthesize a matrix with appropriate pore size, large surface area to volume ratio. “Bottom-up” and “Bottom-down” chemical-based synthesis methods have been widely employed to prepare magnetic nanoparticles. Magnetic nanocomposites are synthesized from magnetic nanoparticles and biopolymers by using sol-gel technique, chemical precipitation methods and NanogenTM, a microwave plasma method. In this chapter, we described the advances and developments in the formation/synthesis of magnetic nanocomposites. This chapter will review the characteristics, properties and applications of the magnetic nanocomposites.
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Ramakrishnan N, Sharma S, Gupta A, Alashwal BY. Keratin based bioplastic film from chicken feathers and its characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:352-358. [PMID: 29320725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Plastics have been one of the highly valued materials and it plays an significant role in human's life such as in food packaging and biomedical applications. Bioplastic materials can gradually work as a substitute for various materials based on fossil oil. The issue like sustainability and environmental challenges which occur due to manufacturing and disposal of synthetic plastics can be conquering by bio-based plastics. Feathers are among the most inexpensive abundant, and renewable protein sources. Feathers disposal to the landfills leads to environmental pollutions and it results into wastage of 90% of protein raw material. Keratin is non-burning hydrophilic, and biodegradable due to which it can be applicable in various ways via chemical processing. Main objective of this research is to synthesis bioplastic using keratin from chicken feathers. Extracted keratin solution mixed with different concentration of glycerol (2 to 10%) to produce plastic films. The mixture was stirred under constant magnetic stirring at 60 °C for 5 h. The mixtures are then poured into aluminum weighing boat and dried in an oven at 60 °C for 24 h. The mechanical properties of the samples were tested and the physic-chemical properties of the bioplastic were studied. According to the results, Scanning Electron Microscopy test showed good compatible morphologies without holes, cavity and edge. The difference in chemical composition was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The samples were also characterized by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) to check the thermal and crystallinity properties. Other than that, bioplastic made up from keratin with 2% of glycerol has the best mechanical and thermal properties. According to biodegradability test, all bioplastic produced are proven biodegradable. Therefore, the results showed possible application of the film as an alternative to fossil oil based materials which are harmful to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navina Ramakrishnan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Swati Sharma
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Arun Gupta
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Basma Yahya Alashwal
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
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Subramaniam M, Sharma S, Gupta A, Abdullah N. Enhanced degradation properties of polypropylene integrated with iron and cobalt stearates and its synthetic application. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malini Subramaniam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources; Universiti Malaysia Pahang; Gambang Pahang Malaysia 26300
| | - Swati Sharma
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources; Universiti Malaysia Pahang; Gambang Pahang Malaysia 26300
| | - Arun Gupta
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources; Universiti Malaysia Pahang; Gambang Pahang Malaysia 26300
| | - Norhayati Abdullah
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources; Universiti Malaysia Pahang; Gambang Pahang Malaysia 26300
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