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Al-Shabib NA, Khan JM, Malik A, Alamri A, Rehman MT, AlAjmi MF, Husain FM. Probing the interaction mechanisms between sunset yellow dye and trypsin protein leading to amorphous aggregation under low pH conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130442. [PMID: 38417745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Protein aggregation poses a significant concern in the field of food sciences, and various factors, such as synthetic food dyes, can contribute to protein aggregation. One such dye, Sunset Yellow (SY), is commonly employed in the food industry. Trypsin was used as a model protein to assess the impact of SY. We employed several biophysical techniques to examine the binding and aggregation mechanisms between SY and trypsin at different pHs. Results from intrinsic fluorescence measurements indicate a stronger interaction between SY and trypsin at pH 2.0 compared to pH 6.0. Turbidity data reveal trypsin aggregation in the presence of 0.05-3.0 mM SY at pH 2.0, while no aggregation was observed at pH 6.0. Kinetic data demonstrate a rapid, lag-phase-free SY-induced aggregation of trypsin. Circular dichroism analysis reveals that trypsin adopts a secondary structure in the presence of SY at pH 6.0, whereas at pH 2.0, the secondary structure was nearly lost with increasing SY concentrations. Furthermore, turbidity and kinetics data suggest that trypsin aggregation depends on trypsin concentrations and pH. Our study highlights potential health risks associated with the consumption of SY, providing insights into its impact on human health and emphasizing the necessity for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Abdulatif Al-Shabib
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ajamaluddin Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alamri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- King Saud University, Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F AlAjmi
- King Saud University, Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Li M, Zhou D, Li Y, Li Q, Song Y, Geng F, Wu D. Aggregation studies of alpha-lactalbumin induced by edible azo dyes with different sulfonyl group numbers: A comparative study. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127374. [PMID: 37839609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
As an opaque and complex colloidal mixture, milk is usually present as a positively charged colloid under acidic conditions. Adding negatively charged colloids can lead to protein aggregation in milk. Alpha-lactalbumin (α-La) is an essential component of whey protein and has good physicochemical properties for functional food development. We combined spectroscopy, computer simulations, and other techniques to comparative analyze the mechanisms and characteristics of isolated α-La aggregation induced by CI Acid Red 27 (C27)/CI Acid Red 14 (FB) containing different sulfonyl groups in vitro. The results showed that C27/FB (5.25 × 10-5 mol·L-1 to 3.15 × 10-4 mol·L-1) induced the formation of fibril-like aggregates under acidic conditions (pH 2.0 and 4.0) mainly benefit from hydrophobic and electrostatic forces. Weakening and redshift of α-La's characteristics negative peak were observed (208 nm to 218 nm) on circular dichroism. β-Crosslinks self-assembly and reorganization of disulfide bonds occurred during protein fibrillation. Moreover, the different redshift intensity of Congo red binding to amyloid fibrils was observed to be induced by C27 (>551 nm) and FB (>536 nm), and the direct observation by TEM demonstrated the ability to induce protein fibrillation is C27 > FB. Edible azo dyes with more sulfonyl groups would possess a stronger ability to induce protein fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Li
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Dian Zhou
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yuanqiao Li
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Qinhong Li
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yali Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610100, China.
| | - Fang Geng
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Di Wu
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
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3
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Khan MS, Rehman MT, Shaik GM, Mohammed Alamri A, F AlAjmi M, Arshad M, Alokail MS. Aggregation and cytotoxicity of food additive dye (Azorubine)-albumin adducts: a multi-spectroscopic, microscopic and computational analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-11. [PMID: 38047623 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2289046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein and peptide misfolding is a central factor in the formation of pathological aggregates and fibrils linked to disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Therefore, it's essential to understand how food additives, particularly Azorubine, affect protein structures and their ability to induce aggregation. In this study, human serum albumin (HSA) was used as a model protein to investigate the binding and conformational changes caused by azorubine, a common food and drink colorant. The research revealed that azorubine destabilized the conformation of HSA at both physiological (pH 7.4) and acidic (pH 3.5) conditions. The loss of tryptophan fluorescence in HSA suggested significant structural alterations, particularly around aromatic residues. Far UV-CD analysis demonstrated disruptions in HSA's secondary structure, with a notable reduction in α-helical structures at pH 7.4. At pH 3.5, Azorubine induced even more extensive perturbations, resulting in a random coil conformation at higher azorubine concentrations. The study also investigated aggregation phenomena through turbidity measurements, RLS analysis, and TEM imaging. At pH 3.5, larger insoluble aggregates formed, while at pH 7.4, only conformational changes occurred without aggregate formation. Cytotoxicity assessments on neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells highlighted the concentration-dependent toxicity of albumin aggregates. Molecular dynamics simulations reaffirmed the stable interaction between azorubine and HSA. This research provides valuable insights into the mechanisms by which azorubine influences protein conformations. To further advance our understanding and contribute to the broader knowledge in this area, several future directions can be considered such as exploring other proteins, studying dose-response relationship, gaining mechanistic insights, biological relevance, toxicity assessment, identifying alternative food colorants, and mitigation strategies to prevent adverse effects of azorubine on serum proteins.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gouse M Shaik
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohamed F AlAjmi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Arshad
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S Alokail
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Hakeem MJ, Khan JM, Malik A, Husain FM, Alresaini SM, Ahmad A, Alam P. Molecular insight into the modulation of ovalbumin fibrillation by allura red dye at acidic pH. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123254. [PMID: 36641020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic food additive dye induces amyloid fibrillation has many implications in the laboratory and industries. The effect of Allura red (AR), on the fibrillation of ovalbumin (Ova) at pH 2.0 was investigated. The influence of salt and pH was also seen on AR-induced Ova aggregation. We have used several spectroscopic and microscopy techniques to characterize the changes. The turbidity data suggest that concentrations above 0.05 mM of AR induce aggregation, and the size of aggregates increased in response to AR concentration. The kinetics data showed that the AR induces Ova aggregation quickly without lag time. The aggregates induced by AR have amyloid-like aggregates confirmed by far-UV CD and TEM. NaCl has very marginal effects in AR-induced aggregation. The turbidity results clearly state that Ova is not forming aggregates with pH above 4.0 due to electrostatic repulsion. However, Ova forms bigger aggregates in the presence of 0.5 mM AR at a pH below 4.0. These spectroscopic data suggest that the amyloid fibrillation that occurs in Ova is due to electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction. The amyloid fibrillation induced by AR dye in protein should be taken seriously for food safety purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed J Hakeem
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ajamaluddin Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prawez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Fan Y, Lan H, Qi Z, Liu R, Hu C. Removal of nickel and copper ions in strongly acidic conditions by in-situ formed amyloid fibrils. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134241. [PMID: 35259361 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The research investigated a novel strategy that can synchronously remove Ni2+ and Cu2+ by synthesizing amyloid fibrils under harsh conditions. The adsorption capacity of Ni2+ and Cu2+ increased by 18.5% and 34.1% respectively in the in-situ scenario as compared to that Ni2+ and Cu2+ were introduced after amyloid fibrils preparation, meantime, it avoids the generation of acidic waste liquid in the process of preparing amyloid fibrils. The adsorption behaviors of Ni2+ and Cu2+ can be well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm. The functional groups of amide, hydroxyl, and carboxyl played determining roles in the adsorption process. Moreover, when the amyloid fibrils were prepared in the presence of Ni2+ and Cu2+, i.e., the in-situ adsorption scenario, metal ions tended to occupy the functional sites, inhibit protein aggregation, and affect long amyloid fibrils synthesis accordingly. Metal ion-binding site prediction server was used to predict the binding sites of metal ions towards the protein sequence within amyloid fibrils, and the metal ion was observed to preferentially bind to a particular residue such as glutamic acid, cysteine, and serine. The amyloid fibrils be potentially valuable for the removal of heavy metals in strongly acidic wastewater such as acidic mining drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Huachun Lan
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Zenglu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruiping Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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6
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Antioxidant activity, stability, in vitro digestion and cytotoxicity of two dietary polyphenols co-loaded by β-lactoglobulin. Food Chem 2022; 371:131385. [PMID: 34808778 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The combination of multiple dietary polyphenols may have synergistic beneficial effects. And the beneficial effects can be further improved by the encapsulation of proteins. The interactions of procyanidin B2 (PB2) and/or dihydromyricetin (DMY) with β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) were investigated using multi-spectroscopic techniques and molecular docking. The structural change of β-LG in the presence of PB2 and/or DMY was demonstrated by dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Response surface analysis was used to optimize the synergistic antioxidant activity between PB2 and DMY. Besides, the antioxidant activity, stability, in vitro digestion and cytotoxicity of PB2 and DMY in the binary and ternary systems were investigated. These studies will elucidate the interaction mechanism of PB2 and/or DMY with β-LG. The research results can provide theoretical support for the development of functional foods and beverages with synergistic activity, improved stability and bioaccessibility, thereby promoting human health and preventing diseases.
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7
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Hoppenreijs L, Fitzner L, Ruhmlieb T, Heyn T, Schild K, van der Goot AJ, Boom R, Steffen-Heins A, Schwarz K, Keppler J. Engineering amyloid and amyloid-like morphologies of β-lactoglobulin. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Mohammad Zakariya S, Zaman M, Nabi F, Moasfar Ali S, Jahan I, Nayeem SM, Khan RH. The inhibitory effect of Sunset Yellow on thermally induced Human Serum Albumin aggregates: Possible role in naturopathy. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 199:181-188. [PMID: 34973990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intensive research in the field of protein aggregation confirmed that the deposition of amyloid fibrils of proteins are the major cause for the development of various neurotoxic and neurodegenerative diseases, which could be controlled by ensuring the efficient inhibition of aggregation using anti aggregation strategies. Herein, we elaborated the anti amyloidogenic potential of Sunset Yellow (SY) dye against Human Serum Albumin (HSA) fibrillogenesis utilising different biophysical, computational and microscopic techniques. The inhibitory effect of sunset yellow was confirmed by Rayleigh Light Scattering (RLS) measurements along with different dye binding assays (ANS, ThT and CR) by showing concentration dependent reduction in scattering intensity and fluorescence intensity respectively. Further, destabilization and anti fibrillation activity of HSA aggregates were characterized through spectroscopic techniques like Circular Dichroism (CD) and other microscopic techniques like Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for elucidating the structural properties. The SDS-PAGE was also carried out that render the disaggregation effect of the dye on the protein. Moreover, Molecular Docking studies revealed the binding parameters justifying the stable protein-dye complex. Simulation studies were also performed accordingly. Thus, this dye which is used as food additive can serve as a potential aggregation inhibiting agent that can aid in the prevention of amyloidogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masihuz Zaman
- Centre for Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi.
| | - Faisal Nabi
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, UP, India.
| | - Syed Moasfar Ali
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, UP, India.
| | - Ishrat Jahan
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, UP, India.
| | - Shahid M Nayeem
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, UP, India.
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, UP, India
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9
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Khan JM, Malik A, Husain FM, Hakeem MJ, Alhomida AS. Sunset Yellow Dye Induces Amorphous Aggregation in β-Lactoglobulin at Acidic pH: A Multi-Techniques Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030395. [PMID: 35160385 PMCID: PMC8839080 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation is of two types: (i) amorphous and (ii) amyloid fibril. Several extrinsic factors (temperature, pH, and small ligands) stimulate protein aggregation in vitro. In this study, we have examined the role of sunset yellow (SY) on the β-lactoglobulin (BLG) aggregation at pH 2.0. We have used spectroscopic (turbidity, Rayleigh light scattering (RLS), far-UV CD) and microscopic (transmission electron microscopy [TEM]) techniques to describe the effects of SY on BLG aggregation. Our results showed that BLG aggregation is dependent on SY concentrations. Very low concentrations (0.0–0.07 mM) of SY were unable to induce aggregation, while SY in the concentrations range of 0.1–5.0 mM induces aggregation in BLG. The kinetics of SY-stimulated aggregation is very fast and monomeric form of BLG directly converted into polymeric aggregates. The kinetics results also showed SY-induced BLG aggregation disappeared in the presence of NaCl. The far-UV CD and TEM results indicated the amorphous nature of SY-induced BLG aggregates. We believe that our results clearly suggest that SY dye effectively stimulates BLG aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.M.H.); (M.J.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ajamaluddin Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.M.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Mohammed J. Hakeem
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.M.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Abdullah S. Alhomida
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (A.S.A.)
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Meng Y, Wei Z, Xue C. Protein fibrils from different food sources: A review of fibrillation conditions, properties, applications and research trends. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Liu T, Liu M, Liu H, Ren Y, Zhao Y, Yan H, Wang Q, Zhang N, Ding Z, Wang Z. Co-encapsulation of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and piceatannol/oxyresveratrol in β-lactoglobulin: effect of ligand-protein binding on the antioxidant activity, stability, solubility and cytotoxicity. Food Funct 2021; 12:7126-7144. [PMID: 34180492 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00481f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The co-encapsulation of multiple bioactive components in a carrier may produce synergistic effects and improve health benefits. In this study, the interactions of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and/or piceatannol (PIC)/oxyresveratrol (OXY) were investigated by multispectroscopic techniques, isothermal titration calorimetry, and molecular docking. The static quenching mechanism of β-LG by EGCG, PIC and OXY was confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy and UV-vis absorption difference spectroscopy. The binding sites of these three polyphenols in β-LG were identified by site marking fluorescence experiments and molecular docking. The thermodynamic parameters of the β-LG + EGCG/PIC/OXY binary complex and β-LG + EGCG + PIC/OXY ternary complex were obtained from fluorescence data and used to analyze the main driving force for complex formation. The exothermic binding process was further confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry. The α-helical content, particle size and morphology of free and ligand-bound β-LG were determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The effect of EGCG, PIC and OXY on the conformation of β-LG was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the maximum synergistic antioxidant activity between EGCG and PIC/OXY was obtained by response surface analysis. The effects of β-LG in the binary and ternary systems on the antioxidant activity, stability, solubility and cytotoxicity of the polyphenols were also studied. Finally, the different cytotoxicities of the complexes and nanoparticles of the binary and ternary systems were compared. The results of this study are expected to provide a theoretical basis for the development of β-LG-based carriers co-encapsulating a variety of bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Institute of BioPharmceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
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12
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Al-Shabib NA, Khan JM, Malik A, Rehman MT, Husain FM, AlAjmi MF, Hamdan Ali Alghamdi O, Khan A. Quinoline yellow dye stimulates whey protein fibrillation via electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction: A biophysical study. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:5141-5151. [PMID: 33685710 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid fibril formation of proteins is associated with a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Several small molecules can accelerate the amyloid fibril formation in vitro and in vivo. However, the molecular mechanism of amyloid fibrillation is still unclear. In this study, we investigated how the food dye quinoline yellow (QY) induces amyloid fibrillation in α-lactalbumin (α-LA), a major whey protein, at pH 2.0. We used several spectroscopy techniques and a microscopy technique to explore how QY provokes amyloid fibrillation in α-LA. From turbidity and Rayleigh light scattering experiments, we found that QY promotes α-LA aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner; the optimal concentration for α-LA aggregation was 0.15 to 10.00 mM. Below 0.1 mM, no aggregation occurred. Quinoline yellow-induced aggregation was a rapid process that escaped the lag phase, but it depended on the concentrations of both α-LA and QY. We also demonstrated that aggregation switched the secondary structure of α-LA from α-helices to cross-β-sheets. We then confirmed the amyloid-like structure of aggregated α-LA by transmission electron microscopy measurements. Molecular docking and simulation confirmed the stability of the α-LA-QY complex due to the formation of 1 hydrogen bond with Lys99 and 2 electrostatic interactions with Arg70 and Lys99, along with hydrophobic interactions with Leu59 and Tyr103. This study will aid in our understanding of how small molecules induce aggregation of proteins inside the stomach (low pH) and affect the digestive process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser A Al-Shabib
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ajamaluddin Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F AlAjmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Altaf Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Zakariya SM, Furkan M, Zaman M, Chandel TI, Ali SM, Uversky VN, Khan RH. An in-vitro elucidation of inhibitory potential of carminic acid: Possible therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Khan MS, Bhatt S, Tabrez S, Rehman MT, Alokail MS, AlAjmi MF. Quinoline yellow (food additive) induced conformational changes in lysozyme: a spectroscopic, docking and simulation studies of dye-protein interactions. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 50:673-681. [PMID: 32101072 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1725774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Quinoline yellow (QY) is a synthetic yellow dye widely used as a coloring agent for various foodstuffs. In the current study, we have examined the role of QY on the aggregation propensity of hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) under physiological conditions. The dye induced conformational changes in HEWL leading to aggregate formation were identified by circular dichroism (CD), turbidity analysis, fluorescence measurement and microscopic (TEM) imaging. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies were also employed to strengthen binding and aggregation results. Our results indicate that 25-100 µM of QY induces aggregation in HEWL, while lower QY concentrations (5 and 10 µM) does not have any effect on the aggregation propensity of HEWL. The kinetics of HEWL aggregation demonstrate nucleation independent aggregation of HEWL without lag phase. On the other hand, far UV-CD analysis illustrated the loss of α-helical structure with the increasing concentration of QY. TEM results also support the formation of aggregate structures in HEWL when exposed to QY. Molecular docking and simulation studies revealed that the HEWL-QY complex is stable as compared to individual entities. In silico analysis also illustrated that QY-induced aggregation of HEWL proceeds through the formation of hydrogen bonds, electrostatic (Pi-Anion) and Pi-Sulfur interactions. The above-mentioned results highlight the possible detrimental effect by food additive dyes, particularly in protein misfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheraz Bhatt
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Cluster University, Srinagar, India
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology, Collage of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Saleh Alokail
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F AlAjmi
- Department of Pharmacology, Collage of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Khan JM, Malik A, Rehman T, AlAjmi MF, Alamery SF, Alghamdi OHA, Khan RH, Odeibat HAM, Fatima S. Alpha-cyclodextrin turns SDS-induced amyloid fibril into native-like structure. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Al-Shabib NA, Khan JM, Malik A, Sen P, Alsenaidy MA, Husain FM, Alsenaidy AM, Khan RH, Choudhry H, Zamzami MA, Khan MI, Shahzad SA. A quercetin-based flavanoid (rutin) reverses amyloid fibrillation in β-lactoglobulin at pH 2.0 and 358 K. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 214:40-48. [PMID: 30763917 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
β-lactoglobulin (BLG) is a well characterized milk protein and a model for folding and aggregation studies. Rutin is a quercetin based-flavanoid and a famous dietary supplement. It is a potential protector from coronary heart disease, cancers, and inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, amyloid fibrillation is reported in BLG at pH 2.0 and temperature 358 K. It is inhibited to some extent by rutin with a rate of 99.3 h-1 M-1. Amyloid fibrillation started taking place after 10 h of incubation and completed near 40 h at a rate of 16.6 × 10-3 h-1, with a plateau during 40-108 h. Disruption of tertiary structure of BLG and increased solvent accessibility of hydrophobic core seem to trigger intermolecular assembly. Increase in 7% β-sheet structure at the cost of 10% α-helical structures and the electron micrograph of BLG fibrils at 108 h further support the formation of amyloid. Although it could not block amyloidosis completely, and even the time required to reach plateau remains the same, a decrease of growth rate from 16.6 × 10-3 to 13.5 × 10-3 h-1 was observed in the presence of 30.0 μM rutin. Rutin seems to block solvent accessibility of the hydrophobic core of BLG. A decrease in the fibril population was observed in electron micrographs, with the increase in rutin concentration. All evidences indicate reversal of fibrillation in BLG in the presence of rutin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Abdulatif Al-Shabib
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajamaluddin Malik
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Priyankar Sen
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Mohammad A Alsenaidy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M Alsenaidy
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Molecular Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry Group, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin A Zamzami
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohmmad Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Ali Shahzad
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Disorder-to-helix conformational conversion of the human immunomodulatory peptide LL-37 induced by antiinflammatory drugs, food dyes and some metabolites. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:50-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Different conformational states of hen egg white lysozyme formed by exposure to the surfactant of sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Al-Shabib NA, Khan JM, Malik A, Sen P, Ramireddy S, Chinnappan S, Alamery SF, Husain FM, Ahmad A, Choudhry H, Khan MI, Shahzad SA. Allura red rapidly induces amyloid-like fibril formation in hen egg white lysozyme at physiological pH. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 127:297-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Patlolla PR, Desai N, Gupta S, Datta B. Interaction of a dimeric carbocyanine dye aggregate with bovine serum albumin in non-aggregated and aggregated forms. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 209:256-263. [PMID: 30414574 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of fluorescent dyes with serum proteins has garnered significant interest owing to potential for non-covalent labeling and imaging applications. In this work, dimeric benzothiazole-based trimethine cyanine dyes are synthesized and their interaction with bovine serum albumin studied. The dimeric cyanine dyes mainly exist as H-dimers and H-aggregates in aqueous solution. A combination of absorbance, fluorescence, circular dichroism spectroscopy and atomic force and fluorescence microscopy indicate the formation of dye-BSA complexes. Binding of one of the dimeric dyes on BSA with a Ka of 1.49×105M-1 results in disruption of dye self-aggregates and unfolding of the dyes into the monomeric or open conformation. Fluorescence enhancement experienced by the dimeric dyes upon interaction with BSA is superior to that registered by Thioflavin T. Surfactant SDS has been used to further tune the self-aggregation of the dimeric dye resulting in a 200-fold fluorescence enhancement in presence of BSA. Interaction of a dimeric dye with BSA under conditions favoring protein aggregation is found to result in faster dye binding and the resulting fluorescence enhancement is easily visualized by fluorescence microscopy. The interaction of a dimeric cyanine dye aggregate with BSA is promising for non-covalent labeling applications in sharp contrast to the monomeric dye counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathap Reddy Patlolla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Nakshi Desai
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Sharad Gupta
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Bhaskar Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India; Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India.
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21
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Roy A, Tiwari S, Karmakar S, Anki Reddy K, Pandey LM. The effect of the stoichiometric ratio of zinc towards the fibrillation of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA): A mechanistic insight. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 123:409-419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Zaman M, Safdari HA, Khan AN, Zakariya SM, Nusrat S, Chandel TI, Khan RH. Interaction of anticancer drug pinostrobin with lysozyme: a biophysical and molecular docking approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 37:4338-4344. [PMID: 30488768 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1547661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masihuz Zaman
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Haaris Ahsan Safdari
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Asra Nasir Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Syed Mohammad Zakariya
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Saima Nusrat
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Tajalli Ilm Chandel
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India
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23
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Sardar S, Anas M, Maity S, Pal S, Parvej H, Begum S, Dalui R, Sepay N, Halder UC. Silver nanoparticle modulates the aggregation of beta-lactoglobulin and induces to form rod-like aggregates. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 125:596-604. [PMID: 30528992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) have been increasingly used in medicines and biomaterials as a drug carriers and diagnostic or therapeutic material due to their smaller size, large surface area and cell penetration ability. Here we report the preparation of SNPs of diameter 10 ± 3 nm by using silver nitrate and sodium borohydride and the interaction of synthesized SNPs with our model protein β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) in 10 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.5 after thermal exposure at 75 °C. Heat exposed β-lg forms amyloidal fibrillar aggregates whereas this protein aggregates adopt rod-like shape instead of fibrillar structure in presence of SNP under the same conditions. Size of the synthesized SNPs is confirmed by UV-Visible spectroscopy, SEM and TEM. Interactions and subsequent formation of molecular assembly of heat stressed β-lg with SNP were investigated using Th-T assay and ANS binding assay, DLS, RLS, CD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM. Docking study parallely also support the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Sardar
- Organic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Md Anas
- Organic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sanhita Maity
- Organic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sampa Pal
- Organic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Hasan Parvej
- Organic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Shahnaz Begum
- Organic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ramkrishna Dalui
- Organic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Nayim Sepay
- Organic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Umesh Chandra Halder
- Organic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
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24
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Khan JM, Khan MR, Sen P, Malik A, Irfan M, Khan RH. An intermittent amyloid phase found in gemini (G5 and G6) surfactant induced β-sheet to α-helix transition in concanavalin A protein. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Hasan S, Fatma S, Zaman M, Khan RH, Naeem A. Carboxylic acids of different nature induces aggregation of hemoglobin. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1584-1593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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