1
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Nam K, Kim SG, Kim DY, Lee DY. Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid/Poly(Butylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate) Modified with Maleic Anhydride. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:518. [PMID: 38399896 PMCID: PMC10892572 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
An increase in plastic waste pollution and the strengthening of global environmental policies have heightened the need for research on biodegradable plastics. In this regard, polylactic acid (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) are notable examples, serving as alternatives to traditional plastics. In this study, the compatibility and mechanical properties of PLA/PBAT blends were improved by the chemical grafting of maleic anhydride (MAH). In addition, qualitative analyses were conducted, dynamic mechanical properties were investigated, and the structure and mechanical characteristics of the blends were analyzed. With an increase in the MAH concentration, the grafting yield of the blends increased, and significantly improved the compatibility of the PLA/PBAT blend, with an ~2 and 2.9 times increase in the tensile strength and elongation at break, respectively. These findings indicate that the modified PLA/PBAT blend demonstrates potential for applications that require sustainable plastic materials, thereby contributing to the development of environmentally friendly alternatives in the plastics industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (K.N.); (S.G.K.); (D.Y.K.)
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2
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Yang J, Xu S, Chee CY, Ching KY, Wei Y, Wang R, Al-Hada NM, Hock CC. Influence of starch silylation on the structures and properties of starch/epoxidized soybean oil-based bioplastics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129037. [PMID: 38158061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The present work systematically investigated the influence of starch silylation on the structures and properties of starch/epoxidized soybean oil-based bioplastics. Silylated starch was synthesized using starch particles (SP-ST) or gelatinized starch (SG-ST) under different silane hydrolysis pHs. Due to the appearance of -NH2 groups and lower OH wavenumbers, SP-ST obtained at pH 5 showed higher silylation degree and stronger hydrogen bond interaction with epoxidized soybean oils (ESO) than that at pH 11. The morphology analysis revealed better interfacial compatibility of ESO and SP-ST. The tensile strength of the samples containing SP-ST increased by 51.91 % than the control, emphasizing the enhanced interaction within the bioplastics. However, tensile strength of the bioplastics with SG-ST decreased by 59.56 % due to their high moisture contents from unreacted silanes. Additionally, the bioplastics with SG-ST exhibited an obvious reduction of thermal stability and an increase in water solubility because of the presence of unreacted APMS. The bioplastic degradation was not prevented by starch silylation except high pH. The bioplastics showed the most desirable tensile properties, thermal stability, and water solubility when starch was surface-modified with silanes hydrolyzed at pH 5. These outcomes made the fabricated bioplastics strong candidates for petroleum-based plastics for packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China
| | - Shicai Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China
| | - Ching Yern Chee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre of Industry Research 4.0 (CRI 4.0), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kuan Yong Ching
- University of Reading Malaysia, Kota Ilmu, Persiaran Graduan, Educity, 79200 Nusajaya, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Yunwei Wei
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China
| | - Naif Mohammed Al-Hada
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China
| | - Chuah Cheng Hock
- Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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3
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Ding Y, Ma H, Liu X, Qin S, Liu J, Qu G, Bai Y, Zhao L. Improvement of the mechanical and shape memory properties in polylactide/polyethylene glycol blends by reactive graphene oxide. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127346. [PMID: 37832621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The widespread application of biodegradable polylactide (PLA) is hindered by its brittleness. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is commonly utilized as a plasticizer because of its favorable compatibility with PLA. However, the incorporation of PEG considerably diminishes the tensile strength of PLA. To address this issue, reactive isocyanate-modified graphene oxide (mGO) was synthesized and used as an enhancer in PLA/PEG blends. By virtue of the reaction between the isocyanate group in mGO and the terminal hydroxyl groups of PLA and PEG, graphene-based polyurethane (PU) in-situ formed and enhanced the interface between GO and the matrix. Consequently, the PLA/PEG/mGO composites exhibit simultaneously improved tensile and impact strengths, achieving an increase of 20.6% and 29.4%, respectively, compared to PLA/PEG blends. Moreover, the in situ formed PU reduces the relaxation time of the molecule motion and improved the entanglement density, thereby improving the shape-memory recovery rate and final recovery degree of the composites. This work provides a facile method to simultaneously improve the dispersion of GO and enhance its interface with polymer, thereby supplying well comprehensive properties of PLA and extending the applications of biodegradable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Haotian Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Shengxue Qin
- College of mechanical and electronic engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of mechanical and electronic engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Guanhang Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Yaozong Bai
- Sinoma lithium Battery Separator Co. Ltd, Zaozhuang 277599, China
| | - Lifen Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
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4
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Ong YT, Chen TM, Don TM. Improved miscibility and toughness of biological poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(lactic acid) blends via melt-blending-induced thermal degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127001. [PMID: 37729999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Polymer blending has been a facile method to resolve the brittle issue of poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Yet, miscibility becomes the primary concern that would affect the synergy effect of polymer blending. This study aimed to improve the miscibility of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P34HB) and PLA by lowering their molecular weights via a melt-blending-induced thermal degradation during mechanical mixing to form m-P34HB/PLA blends. The molecular weight of the P34HB was significantly reduced after blending, thereby improving the miscibility of the blends, as evidenced by the shift of glass transition temperatures. Also, simulation based on Flory-Huggins theory demonstrated increased miscibility with decreasing molecular weight of the polymers. Moreover, the thermal gravimetric analysis revealed that the PLA provided a higher shielding effect to the P34HB in the blends prepared by melt-blending than those by solution-blending, that the addition of PLA could retard the chain scission of P34HB and delay its degradation. The addition of m-P34HB at 20 wt% in the blend contributed to a 60-fold enhancement in the elongation at break and an increment of 4.6 folds in the Izod impact strength. The enzymatic degradation using proteinase K revealed the preferential to degrade the PLA in the blends and followed the surface erosion mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yit Thai Ong
- Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Ting-Min Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan
| | - Trong-Ming Don
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan.
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5
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Ávila-Orta CA, Covarrubias-Gordillo CA, Fonseca-Florido HA, Melo-López L, Radillo-Ruíz R, Gutiérrez-Montiel E. PLA/modified-starch blends and their application for the fabrication of non-woven fabrics by melt-blowing. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 316:120975. [PMID: 37321705 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Blends of polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic starch (TS) with and without chemical modification were obtained by melt extrusion and used to obtain non-woven fabrics by melt-blowing for the first time. Different TS were obtained by reactive extrusion from native cassava, oxidized, maleated, and dual modified (oxidized and maleated) starch. The chemical modification of starch decreases the difference in viscosity and favors blending, resulting in more homogeneous morphologies, unlike the blends with unmodified TS, which displayed a visible phase separation with large TS droplets. The dual modified starch showed a synergistic effect to process TS by melt-blowing. Regarding non-woven fabrics, values in diameter (2.5-82.1 μm), thickness (0.4-0.6 mm), and grammage (49.9-103.8 g/m2) were explained due to differences in viscosity of the components, and to the fact that during melt the hot air preferentially stretches and thins the areas without large droplets of TS. Moreover, plasticized starch acts as a flow modifier. The porosity of the fibers increased with the addition of TS. Further studies and optimization of blends with low contents of TS and type starch modification will be necessary to completely understand these systems with very complex behavior to obtain non-woven fabrics with improved properties and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Ávila-Orta
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, Saltillo, Coahuila C. P 25294, Mexico
| | | | - Heidi Andrea Fonseca-Florido
- Investigador por México, CONACYT, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, Saltillo, Coahuila C.P 25294, Mexico.
| | - Leticia Melo-López
- Investigador por México, CONACYT, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, Saltillo, Coahuila C.P 25294, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Radillo-Ruíz
- Consultoría e Ingeniería en Servicios Especializados (CISE), Leona Vicario 1686, Ciudad de México C.P 09500, Mexico
| | - Edith Gutiérrez-Montiel
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, Saltillo, Coahuila C. P 25294, Mexico
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6
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Pooja N, Chakraborty I, Rahman MH, Mazumder N. An insight on sources and biodegradation of bioplastics: a review. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:220. [PMID: 37265543 PMCID: PMC10230146 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Durability and affordability are two main reasons for the widespread consumption of plastic in the world. However, the inability of these materials to undergo degradation has become a significant threat to the environment and human health To address this issue, bioplastics have emerged as a promising alternative. Bioplastics are obtained from renewable and sustainable biomass and have a lower carbon footprint and emit fewer greenhouse gases than petroleum-based plastics. The use of these bioplastics sourced from renewable biomass can also reduce the dependency on fossil fuels, which are limited in availability. This review provides an elaborate comparison of biodegradation rates of potential bioplastics in soil from various sources such as biomass, microorganisms, and monomers. These bioplastics show great potential as a replacement for conventional plastics due to their biodegradable and diverse properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nag Pooja
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Ishita Chakraborty
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Md. Hafizur Rahman
- Department of Quality Control and Safety Management, Faculty of Food Sciences and Safety, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
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7
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Srithep Y, Pholharn D, Worajittiphon P, Sriprateep K, Veang-In O, Morris J. Toughening Polylactide Stereocomplex by Injection Molding with Thermoplastic Starch and Chain Extender. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092055. [PMID: 37177201 PMCID: PMC10180853 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The high cost, low heat resistance, and brittleness of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) is a significant drawback that inhibits its diffusion into many industrial applications. These weaknesses were solved by forming a polylactide stereocomplex (ST) and blending it with thermoplastic starch (TPS). We blended poly (L-lactide)(PLLA), up to 30% thermoplastic starch, and a chain extender (2%) in an internal mixer, which was then hand-mixed with poly (D-lactide)(PDLA) and injection molded to form specimens, in order to study mechanical, thermal, and crystallization behavior. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated that the stereocomplex structures were still formed despite the added TPS and showed melting points ~55 °C higher than neat PLLA. Furthermore, stereocomplex crystallinity decreased with the increased TPS content. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that ST improved PLLA heat resistance, and tensile testing suggested that the TPS improved the elongation-at-break of ST. Moreover, the chain extender reduced the degradation of ST/TPS blends and generally improved ST/TPS composites' mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yottha Srithep
- Manufacturing and Materials Research Unit, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Dutchanee Pholharn
- Department of Rubber and Polymer Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajabhat Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - Patnarin Worajittiphon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Keartisak Sriprateep
- Manufacturing and Materials Research Unit, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Onpreeya Veang-In
- Manufacturing and Materials Research Unit, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - John Morris
- School of Industrial Education and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
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8
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Zhao X, Yu J, Liang X, Huang Z, Li J, Peng S. Crystallization behaviors regulations and mechanical performances enhancement approaches of polylactic acid (PLA) biodegradable materials modified by organic nucleating agents. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123581. [PMID: 36758767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) has attracted much attention because of its good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical properties. However, the slow crystallization rate of PLA during molding leads to its poor heat resistance, which limit its diffusion for many industrial applications. In this review, the relationship between PLA crystallization and its molecular structure and processing conditions is summarized. From the perspective of the regulation of PLA crystallization by organic nucleating agents, the research progress of organic micromolecule (e.g., esters, amides, and hydrazides), organic salt, supramolecular, and macromolecule nucleating agents on the crystallization behavior of PLA is mainly introduced. The nucleation mechanism of PLA is expounded by organic nucleating agents, and the effect of the interaction force between organic nucleating agents and PLA molecular chains on the crystallization behavior of PLA is analyzed. The effects of the crystallization behavior of PLA on its mechanical properties and heat resistance are discussed. It will provide a theoretical reference for the development and application of high-efficiency nucleating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xipo Zhao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang 441000, China.
| | - Jiajie Yu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xinyu Liang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Zepeng Huang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Juncheng Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Shaoxian Peng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang 441000, China
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9
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Optimization of processing parameters in poly(lactic acid)-reinforced acetylated starch composite films by response surface methodology. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-022-01113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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10
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Study by DFT of the functionalization of amylose/amylopectin with glycerin monoacetate: Characterization by FTIR, electronic and adsorption properties. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Jordá-Reolid M, Ibáñez-García A, Catani L, Martínez-García A. Development of Blends to Improve Flexibility of Biodegradable Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235223. [PMID: 36501617 PMCID: PMC9735979 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, binary blends of biodegradable polymers were prepared to improve the ductile properties of those that have a more rigid and/or brittle behaviour. Specifically, PLA, PHA and TPS were blended with different amounts of PBS with the objective of reducing the stiffness and brittleness of the three polymers. The compatibility of the blends and their resulting mechanical properties were studied. The flexibility of the blends increased with the addition of PBS; however, a limited compatibility was achieved, leading to a low impact resistance improvement. For this reason, other blend options with an EVA-based material were studied, increasing the impact resistance and flexibility of the PLA material in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jordá-Reolid
- Innovative Materials and Manufacturing Area, Technological Institute for Children’s Products and Leisure, 03440 Ibi, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-555-44-75
| | - Ana Ibáñez-García
- Innovative Materials and Manufacturing Area, Technological Institute for Children’s Products and Leisure, 03440 Ibi, Spain
| | - Linda Catani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science—BiGeA, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna—Campus of Ravenna, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Asunción Martínez-García
- Innovative Materials and Manufacturing Area, Technological Institute for Children’s Products and Leisure, 03440 Ibi, Spain
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12
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Mansoor Z, Tchuenbou-Magaia F, Kowalczuk M, Adamus G, Manning G, Parati M, Radecka I, Khan H. Polymers Use as Mulch Films in Agriculture-A Review of History, Problems and Current Trends. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235062. [PMID: 36501456 PMCID: PMC9740682 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of mulch films for preserving soil moisture and preventing weed growth has been a part of agricultural practice for decades. Different materials have been used as mulch films, but polyethylene plastic has been considered most effective due to its excellent mechanical strength, low cost and ability to act as a barrier for sunlight and water. However, its use carries a risk of plastic pollution and health hazards, hence new laws have been passed to replace it completely with other materials over the next few years. Research to find out about new biodegradable polymers for this purpose has gained impetus in the past few years, driven by regulations and the United Nations Organization's Sustainable Development Goals. The primary requisite for these polymers is biodegradability under natural climatic conditions without the production of any toxic residual compounds. Therefore, biodegradable polymers developed from fossil fuels, microorganisms, animals and plants are viable options for using as mulching material. However, the solution is not as simple since each polymer has different mechanical properties and a compromise has to be made in terms of strength, cost and biodegradability of the polymer for its use as mulch film. This review discusses the history of mulching materials, the gradual evolution in the choice of materials, the process of biodegradation of mulch films, the regulations passed regarding material to be used, types of polymers that can be explored as potential mulch films and the future prospects in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinnia Mansoor
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fideline Tchuenbou-Magaia
- Division of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Marek Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Grazyna Adamus
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Georgina Manning
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Mattia Parati
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Iza Radecka
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (H.K.)
| | - Habib Khan
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (H.K.)
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13
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Jayarathna S, Andersson M, Andersson R. Recent Advances in Starch-Based Blends and Composites for Bioplastics Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4557. [PMID: 36365555 PMCID: PMC9657003 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution by synthetic polymers is a global problem and investigating substitutes for synthetic polymers is a major research area. Starch can be used in formulating bioplastic materials, mainly as blends or composites with other polymers. The major drawbacks of using starch in such applications are water sensitivity and poor mechanical properties. Attempts have been made to improve the mechanical properties of starch-based blends and composites, by e.g., starch modification or plasticization, matrix reinforcement, and polymer blending. Polymer blending can bring synergetic benefits to blends and composites, but necessary precautions must be taken to ensure the compatibility of hydrophobic polymers and hydrophilic starch. Genetic engineering offers new possibilities to modify starch inplanta in a manner favorable for bioplastics applications, while the incorporation of antibacterial and/or antioxidant agents into starch-based food packaging materials brings additional advantages. In conclusion, starch is a promising material for bioplastic production, with great potential for further improvements. This review summarizes the recent advances in starch-based blends and composites and highlights the potential strategies for overcoming the major drawbacks of using starch in bioplastics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishanthi Jayarathna
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mariette Andersson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Roger Andersson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Colli-Pacheco JP, Rios-Soberanis CR, Moo‑Huchin VM, Perez-Pacheco E. Study of the incorporation of oleoresin Capsicum as an interfacial agent in starch-poly(lactic acid) bilayer films. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Fonseca-García A, Osorio BH, Aguirre-Loredo RY, Calambas HL, Caicedo C. Miscibility study of thermoplastic starch/polylactic acid blends: Thermal and superficial properties. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 293:119744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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16
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Chang FL, Hu B, Huang WT, Chen L, Yin XC, Cao XW, He GJ. Improvement of rheology and mechanical properties of PLA/PBS blends by in-situ UV-induced reactive extrusion. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Peng J, Wu L, Zhang H, Wang B, Si Y, Jin S, Zhu H. Research progress on eco-friendly superhydrophobic materials in environment, energy and biology. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11201-11219. [PMID: 36125075 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03899d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, bioinspired eco-friendly superhydrophobic materials (EFSMs) have made great breakthroughs, especially in the fields of environment, energy and biology, which have made remarkable contributions to the sustainable development of the natural environment. However, some potential challenges still exist, which urgently need to be systematically summarized to guide the future development of this field. Herein, in this review, initially, we discuss the five typical superhydrophobic models, namely, the Wenzel, Cassie, Wenzel-Cassie, "lotus", and "gecko" models. Then, the existence of superhydrophobic creatures in nature and artificial EFSMs are summarized. Then, we focus on the applications of EFSMs in the fields of environment (self-cleaning, wastewater purification, and membrane distillation), energy (solar evaporation, heat accumulation, and batteries), and biology (biosensors, biomedicine, antibacterial, and food packaging). Finally, the challenges and developments of eco-friendly superhydrophobic materials are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Laiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Ben Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hongkong SAR 999077, P. R. China.
| | - Shiwei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Hai Zhu
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China. .,China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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18
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Critical Review on Polylactic Acid: Properties, Structure, Processing, Biocomposites, and Nanocomposites. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124312. [PMID: 35744371 PMCID: PMC9228835 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Composite materials are emerging as a vital entity for the sustainable development of both humans and the environment. Polylactic acid (PLA) has been recognized as a potential polymer candidate with attractive characteristics for applications in both the engineering and medical sectors. Hence, the present article throws lights on the essential physical and mechanical properties of PLA that can be beneficial for the development of composites, biocomposites, films, porous gels, and so on. The article discusses various processes that can be utilized in the fabrication of PLA-based composites. In a later section, we have a detailed discourse on the various composites and nanocomposites-based PLA along with the properties’ comparisons, discussing our investigation on the effects of various fibers, fillers, and nanofillers on the mechanical, thermal, and wear properties of PLA. Lastly, the various applications in which PLA is used extensively are discussed in detail.
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19
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Olaiya NG, Obaseki OS, Mersal GAM, Ibrahim MM, Hessien MM, Grace OF, Afzal A, Khanam T, Rashedi A. Functional miscibility and thermomechanical properties enhancement of substituted phthalic acetylated modified chitin filler in biopolymer composite. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211411. [PMID: 35706656 PMCID: PMC9156934 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The miscibility between hydrophobic and hydrophilic biopolymers has been of significant challenge. This study used a novel simplified chitin modification method to produce phthalic chitin using phthalic anhydride in a substitution reaction. The FT-IR functional group analysis was used to confirm the substitution reaction. The modified chitin was used as compatibilizer in polylactic acid (PLA)/starch biocomposite to enhance its properties. The biocomposite was prepared using melt extrusion and compression moulding technique. The biocomposite's morphological, thermomechanical and water absorption properties were characterized using scanning electron microscope, tensile test, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetry analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thickness swelling and water absorption test. The FT-IR study shows a successful substitution reaction of the amine hydrogen ion present in the chitin as opposed to substituting the hydrogen ion in the hydroxide group. The tensile and impact properties of biocomposite incorporated with modified chitin showed better results compared with other samples. The SEM images showed uniform miscibility of the modified biocomposite. The dynamic mechanical analysis showed improved modulus value with the incorporation of modified chitin. The thermal properties showed improved thermal stability of the modified biocomposite. Furthermore, the percentage of water absorbed by biocomposite with modified chitin is reduced compared with the PLA/starch biocomposite. The produced biodegradable ternary blend can be used as a substitute for plastics in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. G. Olaiya
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, PMB 704, Ondo state, Nigeria
| | - O. S. Obaseki
- Department of Physical Sciences, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Gaber A. M. Mersal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M. Hessien
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Asif Afzal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Technology, Glocal University, Delhi-Yamunotri, Marg, SH-57, Mirzapur pole, Saharanpur District, Uttar Pradesh 247121, India
- University Centre for Research and Development, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Taslima Khanam
- College of Engineering, I.T. and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Casuarina, NT 0810, Australia
| | - Ahmad Rashedi
- College of Engineering, I.T. and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Casuarina, NT 0810, Australia
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20
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Flexure-resistant and additive-free poly (L-lactic acid) hydrophobic membranes fabricated by slow phase separation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1605-1612. [PMID: 35413322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PLLA membranes with excellent ductility were successfully prepared by a simple solvent evaporation-induced precipitation method, without any additive. The excellent mechanical properties are mainly attributed to the interconnecting pore morphology and the plastic deformation of the pore wall during the stretching process. The interconnecting pore morphology is determined by delaying non-solvent diffusion and molecular chain pre-nucleation. It was found that the average pore size gradually decreased from 19.25 μm to 6.71 μm as the concentration of the polymer solution increased from 0.03 g/ml to 0.10 g/ml, and the elongation at break of the membrane can reach 130.8%. The crystallinity is between 33.4% and 44.5%, and the crystal form is a perfect α crystal. Membrane with interconnecting pore structure contributes to the formation of 91.2% porosity. Furthermore, the solvent evaporation-induced precipitation method can also form surfaces containing micro-nano structures which significantly improves surface hydrophobicity. The combination of high porosity and hydrophobicity makes the membrane potentially applicable to the field of oil-water separation.
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21
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Applications of Starch Biopolymers for a Sustainable Modern Agriculture. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14106085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protected cultivation in modern agriculture relies extensively on plastic-originated mulch films, nets, packaging, piping, silage, and various applications. Polyolefins synthesized from petrochemical routes are vastly consumed in plasticulture, wherein PP and PE are the dominant commodity plastics. Imposing substantial impacts on our geosphere and humankind, plastics in soil threaten food security, health, and the environment. Mismanaged plastics are not biodegradable under natural conditions and generate problematic emerging pollutants such as nano-micro plastics. Post-consumed petrochemical plastics from agriculture face many challenges in recycling and reusing due to soil contamination in fulfilling the zero waste hierarchy. Hence, biodegradable polymers from renewable sources for agricultural applications are pragmatic as mitigation. Starch is one of the most abundant biodegradable biopolymers from renewable sources; it also contains tunable thermoplastic properties suitable for diverse applications in agriculture. Functional performances of starch such as physicomechanical, barrier, and surface chemistry may be altered for extended agricultural applications. Furthermore, starch can be a multidimensional additive for plasticulture that can function as a filler, a metaphase component in blends/composites, a plasticizer, an efficient carrier for active delivery of biocides, etc. A substantial fraction of food and agricultural wastes and surpluses of starch sources are underutilized, without harnessing useful resources for agriscience. Hence, this review proposes reliable solutions from starch toward timely implementation of sustainable practices, circular economy, waste remediation, and green chemistry for plasticulture in agriscience
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22
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Asadollahzadeh M, Mahboubi A, Taherzadeh MJ, Åkesson D, Lennartsson PR. Application of Fungal Biomass for the Development of New Polylactic Acid-Based Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091738. [PMID: 35566907 PMCID: PMC9100248 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal biomass (FB), a by-product of the fermentation processes produced in large volumes, is a promising biomaterial that can be incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to develop enhanced biocomposites that fully comply with the biobased circular economy concept. The PLA/FB composites, with the addition of triethyl citrate (TEC) as a biobased plasticizer, were fabricated by a microcompounder at 150 °C followed by injection molding. The effects of FB (10 and 20 wt %) and TEC (5, 10, and 15 wt %) contents on the mechanical, thermal and surface properties of the biocomposites were analyzed by several techniques. The PLA/FB/TEC composites showed a rough surface in their fracture section. A progressive decrease in tensile strength and Young’s modulus was observed with increasing FB and TEC, while elongation at break and impact strength started to increase. The neat PLA and biocomposite containing 10% FB and 15% TEC exhibited the lowest (3.84%) and highest (224%) elongation at break, respectively. For all blends containing FB, the glass transition, crystallization and melting temperatures were shifted toward lower values compared to the neat PLA. The incorporation of FB to PLA thus offers the possibility to overcome one of the main drawbacks of PLA, which is brittleness.
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23
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Marano S, Laudadio E, Minnelli C, Stipa P. Tailoring the Barrier Properties of PLA: A State-of-the-Art Review for Food Packaging Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1626. [PMID: 35458376 PMCID: PMC9029979 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well recognized that the production of petroleum-based packaging materials has created serious ecological problems for the environment due to their resistance to biodegradation. In this context, substantial research efforts have been made to promote the use of biodegradable films as sustainable alternatives to conventionally used packaging materials. Among several biopolymers, poly(lactide) (PLA) has found early application in the food industry thanks to its promising properties and is currently one of the most industrially produced bioplastics. However, more efforts are needed to enhance its performance and expand its applicability in this field, as packaging materials need to meet precise functional requirements such as suitable thermal, mechanical, and gas barrier properties. In particular, improving the mass transfer properties of materials to water vapor, oxygen, and/or carbon dioxide plays a very important role in maintaining food quality and safety, as the rate of typical food degradation reactions (i.e., oxidation, microbial development, and physical reactions) can be greatly reduced. Since most reviews dealing with the properties of PLA have mainly focused on strategies to improve its thermal and mechanical properties, this work aims to review relevant strategies to tailor the barrier properties of PLA-based materials, with the ultimate goal of providing a general guide for the design of PLA-based packaging materials with the desired mass transfer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Marano
- Department of Science and Engineering of Matter, Environment and Urban Planning, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Emiliano Laudadio
- Department of Science and Engineering of Matter, Environment and Urban Planning, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Cristina Minnelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Pierluigi Stipa
- Department of Science and Engineering of Matter, Environment and Urban Planning, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.L.); (P.S.)
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24
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Parida M, Shajkumar A, Mohanty S, Biswal M, Nayak SK. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based mulch films: evaluation of mechanical, thermal, barrier properties and aerobic biodegradation characteristics in real-time environment. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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A Review of Nonbiodegradable and Biodegradable Composites for Food Packaging Application. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7670819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dependency on nonbiodegradable-based food packaging, increase in population growth, and persistent environmental problems are some of the driving forces in considering the development of biodegradable food packaging. This effort of green packaging has the potential to solve issues on plastic wastes through the combination of biodegradable composite-based food packaging with plant extracts, nanomaterials, or other types of polymer. Modified biodegradable materials have provided numerous alternatives for producing green packaging with mechanical strength, thermal stability, and barrier performance that are comparable to the conventional food packaging. To the best of our knowledge, the performance of nonbiodegradable and biodegradable composites as food packaging in terms of the above properties has not yet been reviewed. In this context, the capability of biodegradable polymers to substitute the nonbiodegradable polymers was emphasized to enhance the packaging biodegradation while retaining the mechanical strength, thermal stability, barrier properties, and antioxidant and antimicrobial or antibacterial activity. These are the ultimate goal in the food industry. This review will impart useful information on the properties of food packaging developed from different polymers and future outlook toward the development of green food packaging.
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26
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Whulanza Y, Azadi A, Supriadi S, Rahman S, Chalid M, Irsyad M, Nadhif M, Kreshanti P. Tailoring mechanical properties and degradation rate of maxillofacial implant based on sago starch/polylactid acid blend. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08600. [PMID: 35028440 PMCID: PMC8741438 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A polymeric bone implants have a distinctive advantage compared to metal implants due to their degradability in the local bone host. The usage of degradable implant prevents the need for an implant removal surgery especially if they fixated in challenging position such as maxillofacial area. Additionally, this fixation system has been widely applied in fixing maxillofacial fracture in child patients. An ideal degradable implant has a considerable mass degradation rate that proved structural integrity to the healing bone. At this moment, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) are the most common materials used as degradable implant. This composition of materials has a degradation rate of more than a year. A long degradation rate increases the long-term biohazard risk for the bone host. Therefore, a faster degradation rate with adequate strength of implant is the focal point of this research. This study tailored the tunable degradability of starch with strength properties of PLA. Blending system of starch and PLA has been reported widely, but none of them were aimed to be utilized as medical implant. Here, various concentrations of sago starch/PLA and Polyethylene glycol (PEG) were composed to meet the requirement of maxillofacial miniplate implant. The implant was realized using an injection molding process to have a six-hole-miniplate with 1.2 mm thick and 34 mm length. The specimens were physiochemically characterized through X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. It is found that the microstructure and chemical interactions of the starch/PLA/PEG polymers are correlated with the mechanical characteristics of the blends. Compared to a pure PLA miniplate, the sago starch/PLA/PEG blend shows a 60-80% lower tensile strength and stiffness. However, the flexural strength and elongation break are improved. A degradation study was conducted to observe the mass degradation rate of miniplate for 10 weeks duration. It is found that a maximum concentration of 20% sago starch and 10% of PEG in the PLA blending has promising properties as desired. The blends showed a 100-150% higher degradability rate compared to the pure PLA or a commercial miniplate. The numerical simulation was conducted and confirmed that the miniplate in the mandibular area were shown to be endurable with standard applied loading. The mechanical properties resulted from the experimental work was applied in the Finite Element Analysis to find that our miniplate were in acceptable level. Lastly, the in-vitro test showed that implants are safe to human cell with viability more than 80%. These findings shall support the use of this miniplate in rehabilitating mandibular fractures with faster degradation with acceptance level of mechanical characteristic specifically in case of 4-6 weeks bone union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Whulanza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
- Research Center on Biomedical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - A. Azadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
- Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Indonesia
| | - S. Supriadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
- Research Center on Biomedical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - S.F. Rahman
- Research Center on Biomedical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - M. Chalid
- Department of Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - M. Irsyad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
- Medical Technology Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - M.H. Nadhif
- Medical Technology Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - P. Kreshanti
- Research Center on Biomedical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
- Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
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27
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Morinval A, Averous L. Systems Based on Biobased Thermoplastics: From Bioresources to Biodegradable Packaging Applications. POLYM REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.2012802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Morinval
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France
| | - Luc Averous
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France
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28
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Tiozon RJN, Bonto AP, Sreenivasulu N. Enhancing the functional properties of rice starch through biopolymer blending for industrial applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:100-117. [PMID: 34619270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rice starch has been used in various agri-food products due to its hypoallergenic properties. However, rice starch has poor solubility, lower resistant starch content with reduced retrogradation and poor functional properties. Hence, its industrial applications are rather limited. The lack of comprehensive information and a holistic understanding of the interaction between rice starch and endo/exogenous constituents to improve physico-chemical properties is a prerequisite in designing industrial products with enhanced functional attributes. In this comprehensive review, we highlight the potentials of physically mixing of biopolymers in upgrading the functional characteristics of rice starch as a raw material for industrial applications. Specifically, this review tackles rice starch modifications by adding natural/synthetic polymers and plasticizers, leading to functional blends or composites in developing sustainable packaging materials, pharma- and nutraceutical products. Moreover, a brief discussion on rice starch chemical and genetic modifications to alter starch quality for the deployment of rice starch industrial application is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhowell Jr N Tiozon
- Consumer driven Grain Quality and Nutrition unit, Rice Breeding and Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños 4030, Philippines; Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Aldrin P Bonto
- Chemistry Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft, Avenue, Manila 0922, Philippines; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd, Sampaloc, Manila, 1008, Metro Manila, Philippines.
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Consumer driven Grain Quality and Nutrition unit, Rice Breeding and Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños 4030, Philippines.
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29
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Pei Y, Li X, Zeng G, Gao Y, Wen T. Chiral stationary phases based on lactide derivatives for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1661:462705. [PMID: 34879306 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lactide is a natural and renewable lactone cyclic ester-containing intrinsic chiral center, providing an affordable natural compound that is potential for the development of chiral polymers. In this work, we reported two novel chiral stationary phases (CSPs) based on lactide derivatives, methylene lactide (MLA), for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). By using free radical polymerization, chemically bonded CSPs of poly(methylene lactide) (PMLA) and side-chain modified PMLA by aminolysis (N-PMLA) can be prepared. Also, poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) was prepared as a control. The chiral resolution performance of the chromatographic columns was examined in both reversed-phase and normal-phase modes. PMLA and N-PMLA CSPs exhibited fairly good chiral recognition ability, whereas the separation ability of PLLA is much weaker. This work provides a new platform for the development of high-performance CSPs from affordable natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Pei
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China 510640; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China 510640
| | - Xinyu Li
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China 510640; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China 510640
| | - Guangjian Zeng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China 510640; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China 510640
| | - Yuting Gao
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China 510640; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China 510640
| | - Tao Wen
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China 510640; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China 510640.
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30
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Kudzin MH, Giełdowska M, Mrozińska Z, Boguń M. Poly(lactic acid)/Zinc/Alginate Complex Material: Preparation and Antimicrobial Properties. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1327. [PMID: 34827265 PMCID: PMC8614701 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate an antimicrobial and degradable composite material consisting of melt-blown poly(lactic acid) nonwoven fabrics, alginate, and zinc. This paper describes the method of preparation and the characterization of the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of the new fibrous composite material. The procedure consists of fabrication of nonwoven fabric and two steps of dip-coating modification: (1) impregnation of nonwoven samples in the solution of alginic sodium salt and (2) immersion in a solution of zinc (II) chloride. The characterization and analysis of new material included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specific surface area (SSA), and total/average pore volume (BET). The polylactide/alginate/Zn fibrous composite were subjected to microbial activity tests against colonies of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial strains, and the following fungal strains: Aspergillus niger van Tieghem and Chaetomium globosum. These results lay a technical foundation for the development and potential application of new composite as an antibacterial/antifungal material in biomedical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin H. Kudzin
- Lukasiewicz Research Network-Textile Research Institute, Brzezinska 5/15, 92-103 Lodz, Poland; (M.G.); (Z.M.); (M.B.)
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Si W, Zhang S, He Y, Chen YK. Tailoring flexibility and dispersity of thermoplastic starch gel by controlling intermolecular structure for improving folding endurance of polylactide. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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M. Rangaraj V, Rambabu K, Banat F, Mittal V. Natural antioxidants-based edible active food packaging: An overview of current advancements. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Nagy B, Miskolczi N, Eller Z. Improving Mechanical Properties of PLA/Starch Blends Using Masterbatch Containing Vegetable Oil Based Active Ingredients. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172981. [PMID: 34503021 PMCID: PMC8434555 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to increase the compatibility between PLA and starch with vegetable oil-based additives. Based on tensile results, it can be stated, that Charpy impact strength could be improved for 70/30 and 60/40 blends in both unconditioned and conditioned cases, regardless of vegetable oil, while no advantageous change in impact strength was obtained with PLA-g-MA. Considering sample with the highest starch concentration (50%), the flexural modulus was improved by using sunflower oil-based additive, Charpy impact strength and elongation at break was increased using rapeseed oil-based additive in both conditioned and unconditioned cases. SEM images confirmed the improvement of compatibility between components.
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R R, Philip E, Madhavan A, Sindhu R, Pugazhendhi A, Binod P, Sirohi R, Awasthi MK, Tarafdar A, Pandey A. Advanced biomaterials for sustainable applications in the food industry: Updates and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117071. [PMID: 33866219 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining the safety and quality of food are major concerns while developing biomaterial based food packaging. It offers a longer shelf-life as well as protection and quality control to the food based on international standards. Nano-biotechnology contributes to a far extent to make advanced packaging by developing multifunctional biomaterials for potential applications providing smarter materials to consumers. Applications of nano-biocomposites may thus help to deliver enhanced barrier, mechanical strength, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties to novel food packaging materials. Starch derived bioplastics, polylactic acid and polyhydroxybutyrate are examples of active bioplastics currently in the food packaging sector. This review discusses the various types of biomaterials that could be used to improve future smarter food packaging, as well as biomaterials' potential applications as food stabilizers, pathogen control agents, sensors, and edible packaging materials. The regulatory concerns related to the use of biomaterials in food packaging and commercially available biomaterials in different fields are also discussed. Development of novel biomaterials for different food packaging applications can therefore guarantee active food packaging in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmy R
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, 690 110, Kerala, India
| | - Eapen Philip
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, 690 110, Kerala, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136713, 11, Republic of Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, North West A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712 100, China
| | - Ayon Tarafdar
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR- Indian Institute for Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, India; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Przybysz-Romatowska M, Barczewski M, Mania S, Tercjak A, Haponiuk J, Formela K. Morphology, Thermo-Mechanical Properties and Biodegradibility of PCL/PLA Blends Reactively Compatibilized by Different Organic Peroxides. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154205. [PMID: 34361398 PMCID: PMC8347303 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactive blending is a promising approach for the sustainable development of bio-based polymer blends and composites, which currently is gaining more and more attention. In this paper, biodegradable blends based on poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were prepared via reactive blending performed in an internal mixer. The PCL and PLA content varied in a ratio of 70/30 and 55/45. Reactive modification of PCL/PLA via liquid organic peroxides (OP) including 0.5 wt.% of tert-butyl cumyl peroxide (BU), 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(tert-butylperoxy)-hexane (HX), and tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (PB) is reported. The materials were characterized by rotational rheometer, atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile tests and biodegradability tests. It was found that the application of peroxides improves the miscibility between PCL and PLA resulted in enhanced mechanical properties and more uniform morphology. Moreover, it was observed that the biodegradation rate of PCL/PLA blends reactively compatibilized was lower comparing to unmodified samples and strongly dependent on the blend ratio and peroxide structure. The presented results confirmed that reactive blending supported by organic peroxide is a promising approach for tailoring novel biodegradable polymeric systems with controllable biodegradation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Przybysz-Romatowska
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.P.-R.); (K.F.)
| | - Mateusz Barczewski
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Szymon Mania
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Biochemistry of Food, Faculty of Chemistry, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Tercjak
- Group ‘Materials + Technologies’ (GMT), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Pza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain;
| | - Józef Haponiuk
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Formela
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.P.-R.); (K.F.)
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Coiai S, Di Lorenzo ML, Cinelli P, Righetti MC, Passaglia E. Binary Green Blends of Poly(lactic acid) with Poly(butylene adipate- co-butylene terephthalate) and Poly(butylene succinate- co-butylene adipate) and Their Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2489. [PMID: 34372090 PMCID: PMC8348712 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is the most widely produced biobased, biodegradable and biocompatible polyester. Despite many of its properties are similar to those of common petroleum-based polymers, some drawbacks limit its utilization, especially high brittleness and low toughness. To overcome these problems and improve the ductility and the impact resistance, PLA is often blended with other biobased and biodegradable polymers. For this purpose, poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) (PBAT) and poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) are very advantageous copolymers, because their toughness and elongation at break are complementary to those of PLA. Similar to PLA, both these copolymers are biodegradable and can be produced from annual renewable resources. This literature review aims to collect results on the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of PLA/PBAT and PLA/PBSA blends, as binary blends with and without addition of coupling agents. The effect of different compatibilizers on the PLA/PBAT and PLA/PBSA blends properties is here elucidated, to highlight how the PLA toughness and ductility can be improved and tuned by using appropriate additives. In addition, the incorporation of solid nanoparticles to the PLA/PBAT and PLA/PBSA blends is discussed in detail, to demonstrate how the nanofillers can act as morphology stabilizers, and so improve the properties of these PLA-based formulations, especially mechanical performance, thermal stability and gas/vapor barrier properties. Key points about the biodegradation of the blends and the nanocomposites are presented, together with current applications of these novel green materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Coiai
- CNR-ICCOM, National Research Council—Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Maria Laura Di Lorenzo
- CNR-IPCB, National Research Council—Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Maria Cristina Righetti
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council—Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Passaglia
- CNR-ICCOM, National Research Council—Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
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38
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Zhao H, Yu Y, Han C, Liu Q, Liu H, Zhou G, Xu M. Improving the stereocomplexation and toughness of poly(L-lactic acid)/poly(D-lactic acid) blends via melt blending with ethylene/methyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2021.1873071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Yancun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Changyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Qingquan Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Guangbin Zhou
- Zhongshan RBT Digital Tecchnology Co., Ltd, Zhongshan, China
| | - Mingzhi Xu
- Zhongshan RBT Digital Tecchnology Co., Ltd, Zhongshan, China
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PLLA and cassava thermoplastic starch blends: crystalinity, mechanical properties, and UV degradation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Kim SJ, Kwak HW, Kwon S, Jang H, Park SI. Characterization of PLA/PBSeT Blends Prepared with Various Hexamethylene Diisocyanate Contents. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14010197. [PMID: 33401629 PMCID: PMC7795754 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is the most widely available commercial bioplastic that is used in various medical and packaging applications and three-dimensional filaments. However, because neat PLA is brittle, it conventionally has been blended with ductile polymers and plasticizers. In this study, PLA was blended with the high-ductility biopolymer poly (butylene-sebacate–co–terephthalate) (PBSeT), and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) was applied as a crosslinking compatibilizer to increase the miscibility between the two polymers. PLA (80%) and PBSeT (20%) were combined with various HDI contents in the range 0.1–1.0 parts-per-hundred rubber (phr) to prepare blends, and the resulting physical, thermal, and hydrolysis properties were analyzed. Fourier-transform infrared analysis confirmed that –NH–C=OO− bonds had formed between the HDI and the other polymers and that the chemical bonding had influenced the thermal behavior. All the HDI-treated specimens showed tensile strengths and elongations higher than those of the control. In particular, the 0.3-phr-HDI specimen showed the highest elongation (exceeding 150%) and tensile strength. In addition, all the specimens were hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions, and all the HDI-treated specimens degraded faster than the neat PLA one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jong Kim
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju 26493, Korea; (S.J.K.); (S.K.); (H.J.)
| | - Hyo Won Kwak
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Sangwoo Kwon
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju 26493, Korea; (S.J.K.); (S.K.); (H.J.)
| | - Hyunho Jang
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju 26493, Korea; (S.J.K.); (S.K.); (H.J.)
| | - Su-il Park
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju 26493, Korea; (S.J.K.); (S.K.); (H.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-760-2370
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41
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Anderson G, Shenkar N. Potential effects of biodegradable single-use items in the sea: Polylactic acid (PLA) and solitary ascidians. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115364. [PMID: 33152630 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
With conventional plastics posing a great threat to marine organisms, and potentially also to humans, bio-based, biodegradable plastics are being offered as an ecological solution by which to reduce the environmental impact. Inside compost facilities, bioplastics that comply with the EN 13432:2000 international standard biodegrade almost completely within 180 days. However, outside compost facilities, and specifically in marine environments, these bioplastics may have a similar effect to that of fossil-fuel based plastics. Here we investigated the effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polylactic acid (PLA) single-use cups and plates on a solitary ascidian's biological and ecological features. Both PET and PLA microparticles reduced the fertilization rate of Microcosmus exasperatus, with no significant difference between materials. Accumulation rates in adult M. exasperatus exposed to micronized PET and PLA particles at two concentrations were similar for both the bioplastic material and the conventional plastic particles, with no significant difference between the two materials. A microbial-based digestive protocol was developed in order to recover the bioplastic material from ascidian tissue and reduce any material-loss caused by the known digestion protocols. Finally, PET plates submerged for three months in the Red Sea exhibited a significantly higher community richness and cover area in comparison to PLA plates, which did not provide a firm substrate for settlers. Indeed, coverage by the solitary ascidian Herdmania momus was significantly higher on PET plates. The current study demonstrates that discarded bioplastic products may have similar effects to those of conventional plastics on marine organism fertilization and biological accumulation, emphasizing the need to revise both the production and marketing of "biodegradable" and "compostable" plastics in order to prevent a further negative impact on ecosystems due to the mismanagement of bioplastic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Anderson
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Noa Shenkar
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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Kudzin MH, Boguń M, Mrozińska Z, Kaczmarek A. Physical Properties, Chemical Analysis, and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Response of New Polylactide/Alginate/Copper Composite Materials. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:660. [PMID: 33371380 PMCID: PMC7767405 DOI: 10.3390/md18120660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, due to an expansion of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, there has been growing interest in biodegradable and antibacterial polymers that can be used in selected biomedical applications. The present work describes the synthesis of antimicrobial polylactide-copper alginate (PLA-ALG-Cu2+) composite fibers and their characterization. The composites were prepared by immersing PLA fibers in aqueous solution of sodium alginate, followed by ionic cross-linking of alginate chains within the polylactide fibers with Cu(II) ions to yield PLA-ALG-Cu2+ composite fibers. The composites, so prepared, were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV/VIS transmittance and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy ATR-FTIR, and by determination of their specific surface area (SSA), total/average pore volumes (through application of the 5-point Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET)), and ability to block UV radiation (determination of the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of samples). The composites were also subjected to in vitro antimicrobial activity evaluation tests against colonies of Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria and antifungal susceptibility tests against Aspergillus niger and Chaetomium globosum fungal mold species. All the results obtained in this work showed that the obtained composites were promising materials to be used as an antimicrobial wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin H. Kudzin
- Lukasiewicz Research Network-Textile Research Institute, Brzezinska 5/15, 92-103 Lodz, Poland; (M.B.); (Z.M.); (A.K.)
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Hu H, Xu A, Zhang D, Zhou W, Peng S, Zhao X. High-Toughness Poly(Lactic Acid)/Starch Blends Prepared through Reactive Blending Plasticization and Compatibilization. Molecules 2020; 25:E5951. [PMID: 33339088 PMCID: PMC7765517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/starch blends were prepared through reactive melt blending by using PLA and starch as raw materials and vegetable oil polyols, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and citric acid (CA) as additives. The effects of CA and PEG on the toughness of PLA/starch blends were analyzed using a mechanical performance test, scanning electron microscope analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, rheological analysis, and hydrophilicity test. Results showed that the elongation at break and impact strength of the PLA/premixed starch (PSt)/PEG/CA blend were 140.51% and 3.56 kJ·m-2, which were 13.4 and 1.8 times higher than those of pure PLA, respectively. The essence of the improvement in the toughness of the PLA/PSt/PEG/CA blend was the esterification reaction among CA, PEG, and starch. During the melt-blending process, the CA with abundant carboxyl groups reacted in the amorphous region of the starch. The shape and crystal form of the starch did not change, but the surface activity of the starch improved and consequently increased the adhesion between starch and PLA. As a plasticizer for PLA and starch, PEG effectively enhanced the mobility of the molecular chains. After PEG was dispersed, it participated in the esterification reaction of CA and starch at the interface and formed a branched/crosslinked copolymer that was embedded in the interface of PLA and starch. This copolymer further improved the compatibility of the PLA/starch blends. PEGs with small molecules and CA were used as compatibilizers to reduce the effect on PLA biodegradability. The esterification reaction on the starch surface improved the compatibilization and toughness of the PLA/starch blend materials and broadens their application prospects in the fields of medicine and high-fill packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xipo Zhao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-Weight Materials and Processing, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (H.H.); (A.X.); (D.Z.); (W.Z.); (S.P.)
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Ordered long polyvinyl alcohol fiber-reinforced thermoplastic starch composite having comparable mechanical properties with polyethylene and polypropylene. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116913. [PMID: 33049833 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy is proposed to fabricate ordered long polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVAF)-reinforced thermoplastic starch (TPS) composites with significantly improved mechanical properties. The PVAFs were uniformly fixed on two rods first; then sandwich-like TPS/fibers/TPS composite films were prepared by hot pressing, and PVAFs (0-4.08 wt%) with the same orientation were added to the composite films. The tensile test demonstrated that the tensile strength of the PVAF/TPS composite film improved from 2.13 MPa for TPS to 20.98 MPa with 4.08 wt% PVAFs, which is higher than the tensile strength of polyethylene (PE) (11.88 MPa) and polypropylene (PP) (19.29 MPa) and ten times higher than that of TPS. The sandwich-like cross-section of the composite film was observed by scanning electron microscopy to prove the better compatibility between PVAF and TPS. The nanoindentation test revealed that the addition of fibers improved the elastic modulus and hardness of the surface of the material. The strengthening mechanism for different PVAF contents was simulated by finite element analysis and attributed to the reduced maximum von Mises stress at the interface between the fiber and the TPS matrix, avoiding the stress concentration and corresponding fracture. This study provides a new way to prepare degradable composite films with suitable mechanical properties to replace PE or PP.
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Gonçalves I, Lopes J, Barra A, Hernández D, Nunes C, Kapusniak K, Kapusniak J, Evtyugin DV, Lopes da Silva JA, Ferreira P, Coimbra MA. Tailoring the surface properties and flexibility of starch-based films using oil and waxes recovered from potato chips byproducts. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:251-259. [PMID: 32615230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Agrofood byproducts may be exploited as a source of biomolecules suitable for developing bioplastic materials. In this work, the feasibility of using starch, oil, and waxes recovered from potato chips byproducts for films production was studied. The recovered potato starch-rich fraction (RPS) contained an amylopectin/amylose ratio of 2.3, gelatinization temperatures varying from 59 to 71 °C, and a gelatinization enthalpy of 12.5 J/g, similarly to a commercial potato starch (CPS). Despite of its spherical and oval granules identical to CPS, RPS had a more amorphous structure and gave rise to low viscous suspensions, contradicting the typical B-type polymorph crystal structure and sluggish dispersions of CPS, respectively. When used for films production, RPS originated transparent films with lower roughness and wettability than CPS-based films, but with higher stretchability. In turn, when combined with RPS and CPS, oil or waxes recovered from frying residues and potato peels, respectively, allowed to develop transparent yellowish RPS- and CPS-based films with increased surface hydrophobicity, mechanical traction resistance, elasticity, and/or plasticity. Therefore, potato chips industry byproducts revealed to have thermoplastic and hydrophobic biomolecules that can be used to efficiently develop biobased plastics with improved surface properties and flexibility, opening an opportunity for their valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idalina Gonçalves
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Joana Lopes
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Barra
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana Hernández
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Kamila Kapusniak
- Department of Dietetics and Food Studies, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15 Ave, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Janusz Kapusniak
- Department of Dietetics and Food Studies, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15 Ave, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Dmitry V Evtyugin
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José A Lopes da Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula Ferreira
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Noreen A, Zia KM, Tabasum S, Aftab W, Shahid M, Zuber M. Hydroxyethylcellulose-g-poly(lactic acid) blended polyurethanes: Preparation, characterization and biological studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:993-1003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Structural elucidation and biological aptitude of modified hydroxyethylcellulose-polydimethyl siloxane based polyurethanes. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:426-440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Narancic T, Cerrone F, Beagan N, O’Connor KE. Recent Advances in Bioplastics: Application and Biodegradation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E920. [PMID: 32326661 PMCID: PMC7240402 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of oil-based plastics and the continued growth of production and utilisation can be attributed to their cost, durability, strength to weight ratio, and eight contributions to the ease of everyday life. However, their mainly single use, durability and recalcitrant nature have led to a substantial increase of plastics as a fraction of municipal solid waste. The need to substitute single use products that are not easy to collect has inspired a lot of research towards finding sustainable replacements for oil-based plastics. In addition, specific physicochemical, biological, and degradation properties of biodegradable polymers have made them attractive materials for biomedical applications. This review summarises the advances in drug delivery systems, specifically design of nanoparticles based on the biodegradable polymers. We also discuss the research performed in the area of biophotonics and challenges and opportunities brought by the design and application of biodegradable polymers in tissue engineering. We then discuss state-of-the-art research in the design and application of biodegradable polymers in packaging and emphasise the advances in smart packaging development. Finally, we provide an overview of the biodegradation of these polymers and composites in managed and unmanaged environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Narancic
- UCD Earth Institute and School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland; (T.N.); (F.C.); (N.B.)
- BiOrbic - Bioeconomy Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Federico Cerrone
- UCD Earth Institute and School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland; (T.N.); (F.C.); (N.B.)
- BiOrbic - Bioeconomy Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niall Beagan
- UCD Earth Institute and School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland; (T.N.); (F.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Kevin E. O’Connor
- UCD Earth Institute and School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland; (T.N.); (F.C.); (N.B.)
- BiOrbic - Bioeconomy Research Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, Earth Institute, O’Brien Centre for Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland
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Siyamak S, Luckman P, Laycock B. Rapid and solvent-free synthesis of pH-responsive graft-copolymers based on wheat starch and their properties as potential ammonium sorbents. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:477-486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Effect of loadings of nanocellulose on the significantly improved crystallization and mechanical properties of biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 147:34-45. [PMID: 31923509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/nanocellulose (NC) nanocomposites were prepared using solvent-free melt processing techniques with various NC contents. Both the nonisothermal and isothermal melt crystallization processes of PCL/NC nanocomposites were significantly accelerated by adding NC. The nonisothermal melt crystallization peak temperature obviously increased from 18.8 °C for neat PCL to 30.9 °C for the PCL/NC nanocomposite with 10 wt% NC content at a cooling rate of 10 °C min-1; moreover, the half-time isothermal crystallization at 40 °C significantly decreased from 12.2 min for neat PCL to 2.0 min. Apparently, NC enhanced PCL's crystallization rate. The crystalline morphology study confirmed the increased nucleation density of PCL spherulites, indicating the role of NC as an efficient nucleating agent. Moreover, the loading of NC did not change the crystal structure of PCL, and with increase in NC content, the Young's modulus and yield strength increased; however, the elongation-at-break and the breaking strength decreased. Compared with pure PCL, the thermomechanical properties of PCL/NC nanocomposites were significantly improved. These biodegradable PCL/NC nanocomposites showed excellent crystallization capabilities and tailored mechanical properties, thus proving their potential as a substitute for traditional commercial plastics.
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