1
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Otero DM, Perret B, Teixeira L, Gautério GV, Treichel H, Kalil SJ. Cryptococcus laurentii: a wild yeast for xylanase production from agricultural by-products. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00555-1. [PMID: 38970730 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The development of technologies that allow the production of enzymes at a competitive cost is of great importance for several biotechnological applications, and the use of agro-industrial by-products is an excellent alternative to minimize costs and reduce environmental impacts. This study aimed to produce endo-xylanases using agro-industrial substrates rich in hemicellulose as sources of xylan in culture media. For this purpose, the yeast Cryptococcus laurentti and five lignocellulosic materials (defatted rice bran, rice husk, corn cob, oat husks, and soybean tegument), with and without pretreatment, were used as a source of xylan for enzyme production. To insert the by-products in the culture medium, they were dried and treated (if applicable) with 4% (w.v-1) NaOH and then added in a concentration of 2% (w.v-1). The cultures were agitated for 96 h, and the aliquots were removed to determine the enzymatic activities. Among the by-products studied, the maximum activity (8.7 U. mL-1 at pH 7.3) was obtained where rice bran was used. In contrast, corn cob was the by-product that resulted in lower enzyme production (1.6 U.mL-1). Thus, the defatted rice bran deserves special attention in front of the other by-products used since it provides the necessary substrate for producing endo-xylanases by yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Murowaniecki Otero
- Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition, and Health, Nutrition School, Federal University of Bahia, 32 Araújo Pinho, Salvador, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Avenue Barão de Jeremoabo, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Bruno Perret
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Avenue Italia Km 8, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Liliane Teixeira
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Avenue Italia Km 8, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Vitória Gautério
- School of Chemistry, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenue Athos da Silveira Ramos, Rio de Janeiro, 149, 2194, Brazil
| | - Helen Treichel
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil.
| | - Susana Juliano Kalil
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Avenue Italia Km 8, Rio Grande, Brazil
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2
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Zhang Y, Ye Q, Liu B, Feng Z, Zhang X, Luo M, Yang L. Fermenting Distiller's Grains by the Domesticated Microbial Consortium To Release Ferulic Acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72. [PMID: 38598779 PMCID: PMC11046480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The microbial consortium FA12 that can release ferulic acid (FA) by fermenting distiller's grains was screened from Daqu. Taibaiella, Comamonadaceae, and Ochrobacum were highly abundant in FA12 by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In the process of long-term acclimation with distiller's grains as a medium, the biomass of FA12 remained stable, and the pH value of fermentation liquid was also relatively stable. Meanwhile, the activities of cellulase, xylanase, and feruloyl esterase secreted by FA12 were stable in the ranges of 0.2350-0.4470, 0.1917-0.3078, and 0.1103-0.1595 U/mL, respectively, and the release of FA could reach 133.77 μg/g. It is proven that the microbial consortium has good genetic stability. In addition, the structural changes of lignocellulose in distiller's grains before and after fermentation were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the changes of distiller's grains weight and lignocellulose content before and after fermentation were also detected. These results all confirmed that FA12 had the function of degrading distiller's grains. In this study, we explored a method to use microbial communities to release FA from distiller's grains and degrade lignocellulose in the waste, which opened up a new way for the application of the high value of lost waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- College
of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of
Science & Engineering, Yinbin 643000, China
| | - Qiang Ye
- College
of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of
Science & Engineering, Yinbin 643000, China
| | - Bo Liu
- College
of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of
Science & Engineering, Yinbin 643000, China
| | - Zhiping Feng
- College
of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of
Science & Engineering, Yinbin 643000, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- College
of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of
Science & Engineering, Yinbin 643000, China
| | - Mingyou Luo
- Xufu
Distillery Co. Ltd., Yibin 644000, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- College
of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of
Science & Engineering, Yinbin 643000, China
- Liquor
Making Bio-Technology & Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan
Province, Sichuan University of Science
& Engineering, Yibin 643000, China
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3
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Lojananan N, Cheirsilp B, Intasit R, Billateh A, Srinuanpan S, Suyotha W, Boonsawang P. Successive process for efficient biovalorization of Brewers' spent grain to lignocellulolytic enzymes and lactic acid production through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 397:130490. [PMID: 38403168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to increase the value of brewers' spent grain (BSG) by using it as feedstock to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes and lactic acid (LA). Twenty-two fungal strains were screened for lignocellulolytic enzyme production from BSG. Among them, Trichoderma sp. showed the highest cellulase activity (35.84 ± 0.27 U/g-BSG) and considerably high activities of xylanase (599.61 ± 23.09 U/g-BSG) and β-glucosidase (16.97 ± 0.77 U/g-BSG) under successive solid-state and submerged fermentation. The processes were successfully scaled up in a bioreactor. The enzyme cocktail was recovered and characterized. The maximum cellulase and xylanase activities were found at pH 5.0 and 50 °C, and the activities were highly stable at pH 4-8 and 30-50 °C. The enzyme cocktail was applied in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of acid-pretreated BSG for LA production. The maximum LA obtained was 59.3 ± 1.0 g/L. This study has shown the efficient biovalorization of BSG, and this approach may also be applicable to other agro-industrial wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattha Lojananan
- Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, International Program of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Benjamas Cheirsilp
- Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, International Program of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
| | - Rawitsara Intasit
- Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, International Program of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Asma Billateh
- Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, International Program of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Sirasit Srinuanpan
- Center of Excellence of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wasana Suyotha
- Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, International Program of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Boonsawang
- Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, International Program of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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4
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Tai H, Guo Q, Zhao J, Liu Y, Yu H, Liu Y, Qu Y, Du G, Li R. A thermostable xylanase hydrolyzes several polysaccharides from Bacillus altitudinis JYY-02 showing promise for industrial applications. Carbohydr Res 2024; 538:109080. [PMID: 38513464 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides have attracted immense attention as the largest source of bioactive compounds. Its bioavailability and bioactivity can be improved by utilizing degradation enzymes to reduce their molecular weight and viscosity. In this study, a 654 bp gene encoding xylanase was screened from the genome of Bacillus altitudinis JYY-02 and overexpressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3). The recombinant xylanase with a molecular weight of 27.98 kDa was purified (11.7-fold) using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, with a 43.6% final yield. Through molecular docking, Glu, Arg, Tyr, and Trp were found to be the main amino acids involved in the interaction between xylanase and xylobiose. The effects of pH, temperature, metal ions, and substrates on xylanase activity were determined, and the results showed that the highest catalytic activity was displayed at pH 6.5, 50 °C temperature, with Cu2+ as an activator and xylan as the substrate. The Km (substrate concentration that yields a half-maximal velocity) and Vmax (maximum velocity) of recombinant xylanase were 6.876 mg/mL and 10984.183 μmol/mg∙pr/min, respectively. The recombinant xylanase was thermostable, with 85% and 39% of the enzymatic activity retained after 1 h at 60 °C and 1 h at 90 °C, respectively. The recombinant xylanase demonstrated a significant clarifying effect on fruit juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzheng Tai
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Qunqun Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Yandong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Yili Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Yifan Qu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Guicai Du
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Ronggui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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5
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Zhang Y, Jiang Z, Li Y, Feng Z, Zhang X, Zhou R, Liu C, Yang L. The Combined Cultivation of Feruloyl Esterase-Producing Strains with CMCase and Xylanase-Producing Strains Increases the Release of Ferulic Acid. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1889. [PMID: 36296166 PMCID: PMC9610611 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Feruloyl esterase (FAE)-producing micro-organisms to obtain ferulic acid (FA) from natural substrates have good industrial prospects, and the synergistic effect of multiple bacteria can better improve the yield of FA. In this study, on the premise of the synergistic effect of FAE, hemicellulose, and cellulase, the key strain Klebsiella oxytoca Z28 with FAE was combined with CMCase and Xylanase-producing strains to produce FA. The combination of strains with higher FA production are Klebsiella oxytoca Z28, Klebsiella pneumoniae JZE, Bacillus velezensis G1, and their FA production can reach 109.67 μg/g, which is 15% higher than that of single bacteria. To explore the effects of temperature, Ph, inoculum amount, distillers grains concentration and fermentation time on the FAE activity of the combination of strains in the fermentation process, and determined that temperature, Ph, and fermentation time were the main influencing factors and optimized through orthogonal design. The optimized fermentation conditions are 34 °C, Ph 8.0, and fermentation days for 6 days, the FAE activity can reach 270.78 U/L, and the FA yield of the combined strain is 324.50 μg/g, which is 200% higher than that of single-strain fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Zhilin Jiang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Yunran Li
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Zhiping Feng
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
- Liquor Making Bio-Technology & Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
| | | | - Chao Liu
- Xufu Distillery Co., Ltd., Yibin 644000, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
- Liquor Making Bio-Technology & Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
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6
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Sohail M, Barzkar N, Michaud P, Tamadoni Jahromi S, Babich O, Sukhikh S, Das R, Nahavandi R. Cellulolytic and Xylanolytic Enzymes from Yeasts: Properties and Industrial Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:3783. [PMID: 35744909 PMCID: PMC9229053 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulose, the main component of plant cell walls, comprises polyaromatic lignin and fermentable materials, cellulose and hemicellulose. It is a plentiful and renewable feedstock for chemicals and energy. It can serve as a raw material for the production of various value-added products, including cellulase and xylanase. Cellulase is essentially required in lignocellulose-based biorefineries and is applied in many commercial processes. Likewise, xylanases are industrially important enzymes applied in papermaking and in the manufacture of prebiotics and pharmaceuticals. Owing to the widespread application of these enzymes, many prokaryotes and eukaryotes have been exploited to produce cellulase and xylanases in good yields, yet yeasts have rarely been explored for their plant-cell-wall-degrading activities. This review is focused on summarizing reports about cellulolytic and xylanolytic yeasts, their properties, and their biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
| | - Noora Barzkar
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 3995, Iran
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Institute Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas 3995, Iran
| | - Olga Babich
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (O.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Stanislav Sukhikh
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (O.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Rakesh Das
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1433 Aas, Norway;
| | - Reza Nahavandi
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 8361, Iran;
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7
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Rajabi M, Nourisanami F, Ghadikolaei KK, Changizian M, Noghabi KA, Zahiri HS. Metagenomic psychrohalophilic xylanase from camel rumen investigated for bioethanol production from wheat bran using Bacillus subtilis AP. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8152. [PMID: 35581279 PMCID: PMC9114127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass is regarded as a clean and sustainable energy source. The recalcitrant structure of lignocellulose is a major drawback to affordable bioethanol production from plant biomass. In this study, a novel endo-1,4-xylanase, named Xyn-2, from the camel rumen metagenome, was characterized and evaluated for hydrolysis of agricultural wastes. The enzyme was identified as a psychrohalophilic xylanase with maximum activity at 20 °C, keeping 58% of the activity at 0 °C, and exhibiting twice as much activity in 0.5–4 M NaCl concentrations. Xyn-2 was able to hydrolyze wheat bran (100%), sunflower-seed shell (70%), wheat straw (56%), rice straw (56%), and rice bran (41%), in the relative order of efficiency. Besides, the ethanologenic B. subtilis AP was evaluated without and with Xyn-2 for bioethanol production from wheat bran. The strain was able to produce 5.5 g/L ethanol with a yield of 22.6% in consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). The contribution of Xyn-2 to ethanol production of B. subtilis AP was studied in an SSF system (simultaneous saccharification and fermentation) giving rise to a significant increase in ethanol production (p ≤ 0.001) to a final concentration of 7.3 g/L with a yield of 26.8%. The results revealed that the camel rumen metagenome might be an invaluable source of novel xylanolytic enzymes with potential application in lignocellulosic biomass valorization. At the same time, the results suggest that B. subtilis with a diverse carbon-source preference and sophisticated systems for production and secretion of enzymes might be a promising candidate for strain development for bioethanol production from plant biomass. It might be assumed that the fortification of B. subtilis enzymatic arsenal with select xylanolytic enzymes from camel rumen metagenome may have a great impact on bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Rajabi
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahdokht Nourisanami
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Khalili Ghadikolaei
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Changizian
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Akbari Noghabi
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahbani Zahiri
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Šuchová K, Fehér C, Ravn JL, Bedő S, Biely P, Geijer C. Cellulose- and xylan-degrading yeasts: Enzymes, applications and biotechnological potential. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107981. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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9
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Purification of xylanases from Aureobasidium pullulans CCT 1261 and its application in the production of xylooligosaccharides. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:52. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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W/W droplet-based microfluidic interfacial catalysis of xylanase-polymer conjugates for xylooligosaccharides production. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Narisetty V, Parhi P, Mohan B, Hakkim Hazeena S, Naresh Kumar A, Gullón B, Srivastava A, Nair LM, Paul Alphy M, Sindhu R, Kumar V, Castro E, Kumar Awasthi M, Binod P. Valorization of renewable resources to functional oligosaccharides: Recent trends and future prospective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126590. [PMID: 34953996 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic wastes have the ability to be transformed into oligosaccharides and other value-added products. The synthesis of oligosaccharides from renewable sources bestow to growing bioeconomies. Oligosaccharides are synthesized chemically or biologically from agricultural residues. These oligosaccharides are functional food supplements that have a positive impact on humans and livestock. Non-digestible oligosaccharides, refered as prebiotics are beneficial for the colonic microbiota inhabiting the f the digestive system. These microbiota plays a crucial role in stimulating the host immune system and other physiological responses. The commonly known prebiotics, galactooligosaccharides (GOS), xylooligosaccharides (XOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), mannanooligosaccharides (MOS), and isomaltooligosaccharides (IOS) are synthesized either through enzymatic or whole cell-mediated approaches using natural or agricultural waste substrates. This review focusses on recent advancements in biological processes, for the synthesis of oligosaccharides using renewable resources (lignocellulosic substrates) for sustainable circular bioeconomy. The work also addresses the limitations associated with the processes and commercialization of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Narisetty
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Protection, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Priyanka Parhi
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Binoop Mohan
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Sulfath Hakkim Hazeena
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - A Naresh Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Beatriz Gullón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), As Lagoas, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Anita Srivastava
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Lakshmi M Nair
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Maria Paul Alphy
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Protection, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Eulogio Castro
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712 100, China
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, Kerala, India.
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12
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Yeast GH30 Xylanase from Sugiyamaella lignohabitans Is a Glucuronoxylanase with Auxiliary Xylobiohydrolase Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030751. [PMID: 35164030 PMCID: PMC8840591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylanases are the enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of the main hemicellulose present in plant cell walls. They have attracted attention due to their biotechnological potential for the preparation of industrially interesting products from lignocellulose. While many xylanases have been characterized from bacteria and filamentous fungi, information on yeast xylanases is scarce and no yeast xylanase belonging to glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 30 has been described so far. Here, we cloned, expressed and characterized GH30 xylanase SlXyn30A from the yeast Sugiyamaella lignohabitans. The enzyme is active on glucuronoxylan (8.4 U/mg) and rhodymenan (linear β-1,4-1,3-xylan) (3.1 U/mg) while its activity on arabinoxylan is very low (0.03 U/mg). From glucuronoxylan SlXyn30A releases a series of acidic xylooligosaccharides of general formula MeGlcA2Xyln. These products, which are typical for GH30-specific glucuronoxylanases, are subsequently shortened at the non-reducing end, from which xylobiose moieties are liberated. Xylobiohydrolase activity was also observed during the hydrolysis of various xylooligosaccharides. SlXyn30A thus expands the group of glucuronoxylanases/xylobiohydrolases which has been hitherto represented only by several fungal GH30-7 members.
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Kaushal J, Khatri M, Singh G, Arya SK. A multifaceted enzyme conspicuous in fruit juice clarification: An elaborate review on xylanase. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1350-1361. [PMID: 34740694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Xylanase enzyme has been classified as an enzyme belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family. The catalytic action of xylanase is focused on the degradation of xylan, a substrate for this enzyme comprising of a complex arrangement of monosaccharides interlinked with the help of ester and glycosidic bonds. Xylan represents the second most profuse renewable polysaccharide present on earth. Breakage of the β- 1, 4-glycoside linkage in the xylan polymer is what makes xylanase enzyme an important biocatalyst favoring various applications including treatment of pulp for improving paper quality, improvement of bread quality, treatment of lignocelluloses waste, production of xylose sugar and production of biological fuels. Most recently, xylanase has been exploited in the food industry for the purpose of fruit juice clarification. Turbidity caused by the colloidal polysaccharides present in the freshly squeezed fruit juice poses a setback to the fruit juice industry since the commercial product must be clear and free of excess polysaccharides to improve juice quality and storage life. This review gives an overview of the recent advancements made in regards to xylanase enzyme being used commercially with main focus on its role in fruit juice clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kaushal
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhu Khatri
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gursharan Singh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Aiewviriyasakul K, Bunterngsook B, Lekakarn H, Sritusnee W, Kanokratana P, Champreda V. Biochemical characterization of xylanase GH11 isolated from Aspergillus niger BCC14405 (XylB) and its application in xylooligosaccharide production. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:2299-2310. [PMID: 34718907 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an endo-β-1,4-xylanase with high specificity for production of prebiotic xylooligosaccharides that optimally works at moderate temperature desirable to reduce the energy cost in the production process. RESULTS The xylB gene, encoding for a glycosyl hydrolase family 11 xylanase from a thermoresistant fungus, Aspergillus niger BCC14405 was expressed in a methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris KM71 in a secreted form. The recombinant XylB showed a high specific activity of 3852 and 169 U mg-1 protein on beechwood xylan and arabinoxylan, respectively with no detectable side activities against different forms of cellulose (Avicel Ò PH101 microcrystalline cellulose, phosphoric acid swollen cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose). The enzyme worked optimally at 45 °C, pH 6.0. It showed a specific cleavage pattern by releasing xylobiose (X2) as the major product from xylooligosaccharides (X3 to X6) substrates. The highest XOS yield of 708 mg g-1 substrate comprising X2, X3 and X6 was obtained from beechwood xylan hydrolysis. CONCLUSION The enzyme is potent for XOS production and for saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katesuda Aiewviriyasakul
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, Biorefinery Technology and Bioproduct Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Benjarat Bunterngsook
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, Biorefinery Technology and Bioproduct Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Hataikarn Lekakarn
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wipawee Sritusnee
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, Biorefinery Technology and Bioproduct Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Pattanop Kanokratana
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, Biorefinery Technology and Bioproduct Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Verawat Champreda
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, Biorefinery Technology and Bioproduct Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
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15
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Xie XT, Zheng LX, Duan HM, Liu Y, Chen XQ, Cheong KL. Structural characteristics of Gracilaria lemaneiformis oligosaccharides and their alleviation of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis by modulating the gut microbiota and intestinal metabolites in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:8635-8646. [PMID: 34346464 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01201k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic lifetime disorder with a high incidence worldwide. A functional food-based method to prevent UC would be a good option for disease control. G. lemaneiformis oligosaccharides (GLOs) should have potent benefits for the gastrointestinal tract, based on in vitro fermentation assessed in our previous study. This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of GLOs in UC, as well as their possible mechanisms of action. The administration of GLOs was able to reduce the severity of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis by protecting mice from weight loss, reductions in colon length, inflammatory infiltration, and colon damage. Gut microbiota composition analysis showed that at the phylum level, GLOs could restore the composition of Bacteroidetes and decrease the level of Firmicutes. Consistently, it increased the contents of beneficial microbial metabolites and short-chain fatty acids in the mouse colitis model. In conclusion, GLOs could comprise a promising functional food strategy to alleviate UC symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ting Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li-Xin Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hui-Min Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xian-Qiang Chen
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China.
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Intasit R, Cheirsilp B, Suyotha W, Boonsawang P. Purification and characterization of a highly-stable fungal xylanase from Aspergillus tubingensis cultivated on palm wastes through combined solid-state and submerged fermentation. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:311-317. [PMID: 34197716 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1941105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fungal xylanase was produced from lignocellulosic palm wastes through combined solid-state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF) by Aspergillus tubingensis TSIP9 in a helical-impeller equipped bioreactor. The combined SSF-SmF promoted the xylanase production by 15 and 70% higher than SSF and SmF, respectively. Sequential purification yielded 7.4-fold purified xylanase with 9.07% recovery. The maximum activities of crude and purified xylanase were observed at the same pH of 5.0 and the same temperature of 50 °C while purified xylanase is more active and highly stable at a wider pH range of 3-8 and temperature of 30-60 °C. The half-life of purified xylanase at various temperatures was also much improved by 2-8 folds compared to crude xylanase. Michaelis-Menten constants, Vmax and Km, for purified xylanase are 2,602.8 U/mg and 32.4 mg/mL, respectively. Purified xylanase activity was most enhanced with Ca2+ followed by Zn2+ and Fe2+ at 10 mM while significantly inhibited by Co2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Ag+. This study has shown the effectiveness of combined SSF-SmF for xylanase production and superior properties of purified xylanase for industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawitsara Intasit
- Program of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Benjamas Cheirsilp
- Program of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Wasana Suyotha
- Program of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Boonsawang
- Program of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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17
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Cellulases, Hemicellulases, and Pectinases: Applications in the Food and Beverage Industry. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02678-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Fuso A, Risso D, Rosso G, Rosso F, Manini F, Manera I, Caligiani A. Potential Valorization of Hazelnut Shells through Extraction, Purification and Structural Characterization of Prebiotic Compounds: A Critical Review. Foods 2021; 10:1197. [PMID: 34073196 PMCID: PMC8229101 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hazelnuts are one of the most widely consumed nuts, but their production creates large quantities of by-products, especially shells, that could be upcycled into much more valuable products. Recent studies have shown that hazelnut shell hemicellulose is particularly rich in compounds that are potential precursors of xylooligosaccharides and arabino-xylooligosaccharides ((A)XOS), previously defined as emerging prebiotics very beneficial for human health. The production of these compounds on an industrial scale-up could have big consequences on the functional foods market. However, to produce (A)XOS from a lignocellulosic biomass, such as hazelnut shell, is not easy. Many methods for the extraction and the purification of these prebiotics have been developed, but they all have different efficiencies and consequences, including on the chemical structure of the obtained (A)XOS. The latter, in turn, is strongly correlated to the nutritional effects they have on health, which is why the optimization of the structural characterization process is also necessary. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the progress made by research in this field, so as to contribute to the exploitation of hazelnut waste streams through a circular economy approach, increasing the value of this biomass through the production of new functional ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fuso
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Via Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Davide Risso
- Soremartec Italia Srl, Ferrero Group, 12051 Alba, Italy; (D.R.); (G.R.); (F.R.); (F.M.); (I.M.)
| | - Ginevra Rosso
- Soremartec Italia Srl, Ferrero Group, 12051 Alba, Italy; (D.R.); (G.R.); (F.R.); (F.M.); (I.M.)
| | - Franco Rosso
- Soremartec Italia Srl, Ferrero Group, 12051 Alba, Italy; (D.R.); (G.R.); (F.R.); (F.M.); (I.M.)
| | - Federica Manini
- Soremartec Italia Srl, Ferrero Group, 12051 Alba, Italy; (D.R.); (G.R.); (F.R.); (F.M.); (I.M.)
| | - Ileana Manera
- Soremartec Italia Srl, Ferrero Group, 12051 Alba, Italy; (D.R.); (G.R.); (F.R.); (F.M.); (I.M.)
| | - Augusta Caligiani
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Via Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
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19
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Xylooligosaccharides production by crude and partially purified xylanase from Aureobasidium pullulans: Biochemical and thermodynamic properties of the enzymes and their application in xylan hydrolysis. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Otero DM, Cavalcante Braga AR, Kalil SJ. Diversification of nitrogen sources as a tool to improve endo-xylanase enzyme activity produced by Cryptococcus laurentii. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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21
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Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and machine learning to predict fatty acid content of nine commercial insects. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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22
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Taddia A, Rito-Palomares M, Mayolo-Deloisa K, Tubio G. Purification of xylanase from Aspergillus niger NRRL3 extract by an integrated strategy based on aqueous two-phase systems followed by ion exchange chromatography. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Hou Y, Yang S, Huang J, Xu Q, Liao A, Zhong Q, Li M. Nutritional profile and in vitro immunomodulatory activity of protein extract from goat placenta and fermented extraction residual. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinchen Hou
- College of Food and Biological Engineering Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy Zhengzhou China
| | - Shengru Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy Zhengzhou China
| | - Jihong Huang
- College of Biological Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Qianying Xu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering University College London London UK
| | - Aimei Liao
- College of Biological Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Qiufan Zhong
- College of Food and Biological Engineering Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy Zhengzhou China
| | - Mengxing Li
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering The University of Nebraska‐Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA
- Department of Statistics The University of Nebraska‐Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA
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24
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Monica P, Kapoor M. Alkali-stable GH11 endo-β-1,4 xylanase (XynB) from Bacillus subtilis strain CAM 21: application in hydrolysis of agro-industrial wastes, fruit/vegetable peels and weeds. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:475-487. [PMID: 33043796 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1830416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
GH11 endo-xylanases, due to their inherent structural and biochemical properties, are the key to efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into value-added products. A GH11 endo-xylanase (XynB) from Bacillus subtilis strain CAM 21 was cloned, over-expressed and purified (Mw∼24 kDa) using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. XynB showed optimum activity at pH 7.0 and 50°C and was stable (>88%) in a broad range of pH (4-11). The apparent Km, Kcat and Kcat/Km of XynB were 2.9 mg/ml, 1961.2/sec, and 675.62 ml/mg/sec, respectively using birchwood xylan as substrate. XynB was a classical endo-xylanase as it hydrolyzed birchwood xylan to xylo-oligosaccharides and not xylose. Kinetic stability of XynB at 45-53°C was between 43-182 min. Secondary structure analysis of XynB using far-UV CD spectroscopy revealed presence of 51.85% β strands and 2.64% α helix and was consistent with the homology modeling studies. XynB hydrolyzed the xylan extracted from agro-industrial wastes and fruit/vegetable peels by releasing up to 670 mg/g of reducing sugars. The xylan extracted from weeds (Ageratum conyzoides, Achyranthes aspera and Tridax procumbens) had characteristic signatures of hemicelluloses and after XynB hydrolysis showed cracks, peeling and release of up to 135.2 mg/g reducing sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Monica
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mukesh Kapoor
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, India
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25
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Brandt SC, Ellinger B, van Nguyen T, Harder S, Schlüter H, Hahnke RL, Rühl M, Schäfer W, Gand M. Aspergillus sydowii: Genome Analysis and Characterization of Two Heterologous Expressed, Non-redundant Xylanases. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2154. [PMID: 33071998 PMCID: PMC7531221 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.573482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A prerequisite for the transition toward a biobased economy is the identification and development of efficient enzymes for the usage of renewable resources as raw material. Therefore, different xylanolytic enzymes are important for efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan-heteropolymers. A powerful tool to overcome the limited enzymatic toolbox lies in exhausting the potential of unexplored habitats. By screening a Vietnamese fungal culture collection of 295 undiscovered fungal isolates, 12 highly active xylan degraders were identified. One of the best xylanase producing strains proved to be an Aspergillus sydowii strain from shrimp shell (Fsh102), showing a specific activity of 0.6 U/mg. Illumina dye sequencing was used to identify our Fsh102 strain and determine differences to the A. sydowii CBS 593.65 reference strain. With activity based in-gel zymography and subsequent mass spectrometric identification, three potential proteins responsible for xylan degradation were identified. Two of these proteins were cloned from the cDNA and, furthermore, expressed heterologously in Escherichia coli and characterized. Both xylanases, were entirely different from each other, including glycoside hydrolases (GH) families, folds, substrate specificity, and inhibition patterns. The specific enzyme activity applying 0.1% birch xylan of both purified enzymes were determined with 181.1 ± 37.8 or 121.5 ± 10.9 U/mg for xylanase I and xylanase II, respectively. Xylanase I belongs to the GH11 family, while xylanase II is member of the GH10 family. Both enzymes showed typical endo-xylanase activity, the main products of xylanase I are xylobiose, xylotriose, and xylohexose, while xylobiose, xylotriose, and xylopentose are formed by xylanase II. Additionally, xylanase II showed remarkable activity toward xylotriose. Xylanase I is stable when stored up to 30°C and pH value of 9, while xylanase II started to lose significant activity stored at pH 9 after exceeding 3 days of storage. Xylanase II displayed about 40% activity when stored at 50°C for 24 h. The enzymes are tolerant toward mesophilic temperatures, while acting in a broad pH range. With site directed mutagenesis, the active site residues in both enzymes were confirmed. The presented activity and stability justify the classification of both xylanases as highly interesting for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C. Brandt
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ellinger
- Department ScreeningPort, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thuat van Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Harder
- Mass Spectrometric Proteomics Group, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Mass Spectrometric Proteomics Group, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard L. Hahnke
- Department of Microorganisms, Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Rühl
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schäfer
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Gand
- Department of Molecular Phytopathology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Fed-batch polyhydroxybutyrate production by Paraburkholderia sacchari from a ternary mixture of glucose, xylose and arabinose. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:185-193. [PMID: 32895870 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biodegradable bioplastic that is comparable with many petroleum-based plastics in terms of mechanical properties and is highly biocompatible. Lignocellulosic biomass conversion into PHB can increase profit and add sustainability. Glucose, xylose and arabinose are the main monomer sugars derived from upstream lignocellulosic biomass processing. The sugar mixture ratios may vary greatly depending on the pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis conditions. Paraburkholderia sacchari DSM 17165 is a bacterium strain that can convert all three sugars into PHB. In this study, fed-batch mode was applied to produce PHB on three sugar mixtures (glucose:xylose:arabinose = 4:2:1, 2:2:1, 1:2:1). The highest PHB concentration produced was 67 g/L for 4:2:1 mixture at 41 h corresponding to an accumulation of 77% of cell dry weight as PHB. Corresponding sugar conversion efficiency and productivity were 0.33 g PHB/g sugar consumed and 1.6 g/L/h, respectively. The results provide references for process control to maximize PHB production from real sugar streams derived from corn fibre.
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27
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Si D, Shang T, Liu X, Zheng Z, Hu Q, Hu C, Zhang R. Production and characterization of functional wheat bran hydrolysate rich in reducing sugars, xylooligosaccharides and phenolic acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:e00511. [PMID: 32775234 PMCID: PMC7397401 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to enhance production of functional hydrolysate from wheat bran (WB). WB was hydrolyzed with 3000 U/mL ɑ-amylase and 1200 U/mL alkaline protease to prepare WB insoluble dietary fibre (WBIDF). Functional hydrolysate production from the extract containing crude xylan of WBIDF by xylanase was optimized by Taguchi method. The optimal condition for xylan degradation and functional substances production was 78.50 U/mL xylanase, pH 10.0, 50 °C, and reaction time 6 h. The maximum yield of reducing sugars was 614.0 μg/mL, xylobiose increased from 12.9 μg/mL to 213.3 μg/mL, xylotriose increased from 34.9 μg/mL to 174.0 μg/mL, ferulic acid 13.1 μg/mL made up 57.5 % of the total identifiable phenolic pool in the hydrolysate. The total antioxidant activity of hydrolysate was 141.8 mg ascorbic acid equivalents g-1 crude xylan, and the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity reached 92.7 %. The hydrolysate exhibited great potential in agricultural and food industry application.
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Key Words
- AAE, ascorbic acid equivalents
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- Antioxidant capacity
- DAD, diode array detector
- DNS, dinitrosalicylic acid
- DP, degree of polymerization
- DPPH, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
- Hydrolysis optimization
- Phenolic acids
- Reducing sugars
- WB, wheat bran
- WBIDF, wheat bran insoluble dietary fibre
- Wheat bran
- X2, xylobiose
- X3, xylotriose
- X4, xylotetraose
- X5, xylopentose
- X6, xylohexose
- XOS, xylooligosaccharides
- Xylooligosaccharides
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Si
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Shang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Liu
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojun Zheng
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyong Hu
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Hu
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Rijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Taddia A, Brandaleze GN, Boggione MJ, Bortolato SA, Tubio G. An integrated approach to the sustainable production of xylanolytic enzymes from Aspergillus niger using agro-industrial by-products. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 50:979-991. [PMID: 32552262 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1777425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Xylanolytic enzymes were produced by Aspergillus niger NRRL3 grown on agro-industrial by-products obtained from the processing of wheat flour without pretreatment. Significant parameters for xylanase production were screened and optimized. The xylanolytic activity obtained in the optimized extract was 138.3 ± 2.6 U/mL, higher than the activity obtained in an unoptimized medium (14.5 ± 0.3 U/mL) in previous work. The optimized fermentation process was performed in a successful 40-fold scale-up. The optimized enzymatic extract obtained was characterized by LC-MS. Nine enzymes were identified as constituents of the xylanolytic complex. Moreover, the xylanolytic enzymes were stable until 60 °C and over a broad range of pH. Sodium, calcium, cobalt and manganese had no inhibitory effect, meanwhile 1% w/v polyvinylpyrrolidone and 1% w/v dextran increased the xylanolytic activity. The saccharification efficiency was evaluated and the surface morphology of the lignocellulosic substrate was monitored by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The synergistic combination of the extracted (o purified) xylanolytic enzymes permitted a higher xylan conversion beneficial for diverse applications, such as bioethanol production. Thus, these agroindustrial by-products can be used within the framework of a circular economy, rendering an added value bioproduct, which is reused in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Taddia
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROByQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Tecnología, Rosario, Argentina.,Instituto de Química de Rosario (IQUIR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Química Analítica, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gerónimo Nicolás Brandaleze
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROByQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Tecnología, Rosario, Argentina.,Instituto de Química de Rosario (IQUIR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Química Analítica, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Julia Boggione
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROByQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Tecnología, Rosario, Argentina.,Instituto de Química de Rosario (IQUIR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Química Analítica, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Santiago Andrés Bortolato
- Instituto de Química de Rosario (IQUIR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Química Analítica, Rosario, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (FCByF), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gisela Tubio
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROByQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Tecnología, Rosario, Argentina.,Instituto de Química de Rosario (IQUIR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Química Analítica, Rosario, Argentina
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29
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Liu F, Xu WF, Mu H, Lv ZR, Peng J, Guo C, Zhou HM, Ye ZM, Li XH. Inhibition kinetics of acetosyringone on xylanase in hydrolysis of hemicellulose. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1788-1798. [PMID: 32448038 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1767499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Many phenolic compounds, derived from lignin during the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass, could obviously inhibit the activity of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes. Acetosyringone (AS) is one of the phenolic compounds produced from lignin degradation. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of AS on xylanase activity through kinetic experiments. The results showed that AS could obviously inhibit the activity of xylanase in a reversible and noncompetitive binding manner (up to 50% activity loss). Inhibitory kinetics and constants of xylanase on AS were conducted by the HCH-1 model (β = 0.0090 ± 0.0009 mM-1). Furthermore, intrinsic and 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic (ANS)-binding fluorescence results showed that the tertiary structure of AS-mediated xylanase was altered. These findings provide new insights into the role of AS in xylanase activity. Our results also suggest that AS was an inhibitor of xylanase and targeting AS was a potential strategy to increase xylose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University , Guangdong, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University , Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Fei Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University , Zhejiang, China
| | - Hang Mu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University , Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Lv
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University , Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University , Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-Meng Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University , Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhuo-Ming Ye
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University , Guangdong, China
| | - Xu-Hui Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University , Zhejiang, China
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Recent advances in polyhydroxyalkanoate production: Feedstocks, strains and process developments. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:691-703. [PMID: 32315680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have been actively studied in academia and industry for their properties comparable to petroleum-derived plastics and high biocompatibility. However, the major limitation for commercialization is their high cost. Feedstock costs, especially carbon costs, account for the majority of the final cost. Finding cheap feedstocks for PHA production and associated process development are critical for a cost-effective PHA production. In this study, waste materials from different sources, particularly lignocellulosic biomass, were proposed as suitable feedstocks for PHA production. Strains involved in the conversion of these feedstocks into PHA were reviewed. Newly isolated strains were emphasized. Related process development, including the factors that affect PHA production, fermentation modes and downstream processing, was elaborated upon.
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31
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Li M, Wilkins M. Fed-batch cultivation and adding supplements to increase yields of polyhydroxybutyrate production by Cupriavidus necator from corn stover alkaline pretreatment liquor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 299:122676. [PMID: 31924491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production and productivity with supplements under fed-batch cultivation at bioreactor scale (1.3 L). In this study, multiple supplements including oxidative enzyme, mediators, surfactants and silicon nanoparticles were added to Cupriavidus necator culture growing on alkaline pretreatment liquor (APL). At 1.3 L bioreactor scale, PHB production reached 3.3 g/L. To further enhance PHB production, fed-batch cultivation with two different feeding strategies were applied. Under single pulse feeding of 300 mL medium, PHB production reached 4.0 g/L. Under 4 pulses feeding of 75 mL medium each time, PHB production reached 4.5 g/L. This is the highest PHB production from lignin that the authors are aware of in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxing Li
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583 USA; Department of Statistics, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583 USA
| | - Mark Wilkins
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583 USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68588 USA; Industrial Agricultural Products Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583 USA.
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32
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Sun X, Atiyeh HK, Li M, Chen Y. Biochar facilitated bioprocessing and biorefinery for productions of biofuel and chemicals: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 295:122252. [PMID: 31669180 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is traditionally used to improve soil properties in arable land and as adsorbent or precursor of activated carbon in wastewater treatment. Recent advances have shown biochar potentials in enhancing productions of biofuels and chemicals such as bio-ethanol, butanol, methane, hydrogen, bio-diesel, hydrocarbons and carboxylic acids. The properties of biochar such as high levels of porosity, functional groups, cation exchange capacity, pH buffering capacity, electron conductivity, and macro-/micro- nutrients (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, S, Fe, etc.) provide appropriate conditions to relieve physicochemical stresses on microorganisms through pH buffering, detoxification, nutrients supply, serving as electron carrier and supportive microbial habitats. This paper critically reviewed biochar production and characteristics, biochar utilization in anaerobic digestion, composting, microbial fermentation, hydrolysate detoxification, catalysis in biomass refinery and biodiesel synthesis. This review provides novel vision of biochar application, which could guide future research towards cleaner and more economic production of renewable fuels and bio-based chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul 55108, MN, USA.
| | - Hasan K Atiyeh
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078, OK, USA
| | - Mengxing Li
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583, NE, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
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Li M, Wilkins M. Flow cytometry for quantitation of polyhydroxybutyrate production by Cupriavidus necator using alkaline pretreated liquor from corn stover. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 295:122254. [PMID: 31629285 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline pretreated liquor (APL) from lignocellulosic feedstock pretreatment is a lignin-rich stream. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a biodegradable polymer, has been previously synthesized from APL. It is of interest to monitor PHB production and cell number from APL rapidly for process control. However, APL has insoluble substances and is dark, which makes quantitation of cells by visible light absorbance difficult. A sample preparation method was developed using Nile Red staining and flow cytometry to quantify bacterial cells and PHB concentration. A linear model with good fitness (R2 = 0.9939) was constructed to predict PHB concentration (0.2-2.1 g/L) based on fluorescence intensity acquired from a flow cytometer. A linear model (R2 = 0.8614) to predict cell number based on fluorescence intensity was also established. The good correlation between PHB concentration and fluorescence intensity indicates the potential of applying flow cytometry for quantitation of PHB from APL and other media that is dark and/or contains insoluble particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxing Li
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; Department of Statistics, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Mark Wilkins
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Industrial Agricultural Products Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
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Fu LH, Jiang N, Li CX, Luo XM, Zhao S, Feng JX. Purification and characterization of an endo-xylanase from Trichoderma sp., with xylobiose as the main product from xylan hydrolysis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:171. [PMID: 31673786 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2747-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fungal endo-β-1,4-xylanases (endo-xylanases) can hydrolyze xylan into xylooligosaccharides (XOS), and have potential biotechnological applications for the exploitation of natural renewable polysaccharides. In the current study, we aimed to screen and characterize an efficient fungal endo-xylanase from 100 natural humus-rich soil samples collected in Guizhou Province, China, using extracted sugarcane bagasse xylan (SBX) as the sole carbon source. Initially, 182 fungal isolates producing xylanases were selected, among which Trichoderma sp. strain TP3-36 was identified as showing the highest xylanase activity of 295 U/mL with xylobiose (X2) as the main product when beechwood xylan was used as substrate. Subsequently, a glycoside hydrolase family 11 endo-xylanase, TXyn11A, was purified from strain TP3-36, and its optimal pH and temperature for activity against beechwood xylan were identified to be 5.0 and 55 °C, respectively. TXyn11A was stable across a broad pH range (3.0-10.0), and exhibited strict substrate specificity, including xylan from beechwood, wheat, rye, and sugarcane bagasse, with Km and Vmax values of 5 mg/mL and 1250 μmol/mg min, respectively, toward beechwood xylan. Intriguingly, the main product obtained from hydrolysis of beechwood xylan by TXyn11A was xylobiose, whereas SBX hydrolysis resulted in both X2 and xylotriose. Overall, these characteristics of the endo-xylanase TXyn11A indicate several potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hao Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia-Xun Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Bhardwaj N, Kumar B, Verma P. A detailed overview of xylanases: an emerging biomolecule for current and future prospective. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-019-0276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Xylan is the second most abundant naturally occurring renewable polysaccharide available on earth. It is a complex heteropolysaccharide consisting of different monosaccharides such as l-arabinose, d-galactose, d-mannoses and organic acids such as acetic acid, ferulic acid, glucuronic acid interwoven together with help of glycosidic and ester bonds. The breakdown of xylan is restricted due to its heterogeneous nature and it can be overcome by xylanases which are capable of cleaving the heterogeneous β-1,4-glycoside linkage. Xylanases are abundantly present in nature (e.g., molluscs, insects and microorganisms) and several microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae are used extensively for its production. Microbial xylanases show varying substrate specificities and biochemical properties which makes it suitable for various applications in industrial and biotechnological sectors. The suitability of xylanases for its application in food and feed, paper and pulp, textile, pharmaceuticals, and lignocellulosic biorefinery has led to an increase in demand of xylanases globally. The present review gives an insight of using microbial xylanases as an “Emerging Green Tool” along with its current status and future prospective.
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36
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Bioconversion of agroindustrial wastes to pectinases enzyme via solid state fermentation in trays and rotating drum bioreactors. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Mosina NL, Schubert WD, Cowan DA. Characterization and homology modelling of a novel multi-modular and multi-functional Paenibacillus mucilaginosus glycoside hydrolase. Extremophiles 2019; 23:681-686. [PMID: 31372752 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-019-01121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolases, particularly cellulases, xylanases and mannanases, are essential for the depolymerisation of lignocellulosic substrates in various industrial bio-processes. In the present study, a novel glycoside hydrolase from Paenibacillus mucilaginosus (PmGH) was expressed in E. coli, purified and characterised. Functional analysis indicated that PmGH is a 130 kDa thermophilic multi-modular and multi-functional enzyme, comprising a GH5, a GH6 and two CBM3 domains and exhibiting cellulase, mannanase and xylanase activities. The enzyme displayed optimum hydrolytic activities at pH 6 and 60 °C and moderate thermostability. Homology modelling of the full-length protein highlighted the structural and functional novelty of native PmGH, with no close structural homologs identified. However, homology modelling of the individual GH5, GH6 and the two CBM3 domains yielded excellent models based on related structures from the Protein Data Bank. The catalytic GH5 and GH6 domains displayed a (β/α)8 and a distorted seven stranded (β/α) fold, respectively. The distinct homology at the domain level but low homology of the full-length protein suggests that this protein evolved by exogenous gene acquisition and recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntsoaki Leticia Mosina
- Department Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Wolf-Dieter Schubert
- Department Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Don A Cowan
- Department Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
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38
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Ezeilo UR, Lee CT, Huyop F, Zakaria II, Wahab RA. Raw oil palm frond leaves as cost-effective substrate for cellulase and xylanase productions by Trichoderma asperellum UC1 under solid-state fermentation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 243:206-217. [PMID: 31096173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Production of cellulases and xylanase by a novel Trichoderma asperellum UC1 (GenBank accession no. MF774876) under solid state fermentation (SSF) of raw oil palm frond leaves (OPFL) was optimized. Under optimum fermentation parameters (30 °C, 60-80% moisture content, 2.5 × 106 spores/g inoculum size) maximum CMCase, FPase, β-glucosidase and xylanase activity were recorded at 136.16 IU/g, 26.03 U/g, 130.09 IU/g and 255.01 U/g, respectively. Cellulases and xylanase were produced between a broad pH range of pH 6.0-12.0. The enzyme complex that comprised of four endo-β-1,4-xylanases and endoglucanases, alongside exoglucanase and β-glucosidase showed thermophilic and acidophilic characteristics at 50-60 °C and pH 3.0-4.0, respectively. Glucose (16.87 mg/g) and fructose (18.09 mg/g) were among the dominant sugar products from the in situ hydrolysis of OPFL, aside from cellobiose (105.92 mg/g) and xylose (1.08 mg/g). Thermal and pH stability tests revealed that enzymes CMCase, FPase, β-glucosidase and xylanase retained 50% residual activities for up to 15.18, 4.06, 17.47 and 15.16 h of incubation at 60 °C, as well as 64.59, 25.14, 68.59 and 19.20 h at pH 4.0, respectively. Based on the findings, it appeared that the unique polymeric structure of raw OPFL favored cellulases and xylanase productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna R Ezeilo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, PMB, 1010, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Chew Tin Lee
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing, UTM Pagoh, Hub Pendidikan Tinggi Pagoh, 84600, Pagoh, Johor. Malaysia
| | - Fahrul Huyop
- Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Iffah Izzati Zakaria
- Natural Products and Drug Discovery Center, Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, National Institute of Biotechnology Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Block 5-A, Halaman Bukit Gambir, 11700, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
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39
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Ding C, Wang X, Li M. Evaluation of six white-rot fungal pretreatments on corn stover for the production of cellulolytic and ligninolytic enzymes, reducing sugars, and ethanol. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5641-5652. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Shahryari Z, Fazaelipoor MH, Ghasemi Y, Lennartsson PR, Taherzadeh MJ. Amylase and Xylanase from Edible Fungus Neurospora intermedia: Production and Characterization. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040721. [PMID: 30781572 PMCID: PMC6412995 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrated enzyme production in the biorefinery can significantly reduce the cost of the entire process. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the production of two hydrolyzing enzymes (amylase and xylanase) by an edible fungus used in the biorefinery, Neurospora intermedia. The enzyme production was explored through submerged fermentation of synthetic media and a wheat-based waste stream (thin stillage and wheat bran). The influence of a nitrogen source on N. intermedia was investigated and a combination of NaNO3 and yeast extract has been identified as the best nitrogen source for extracellular enzyme production. N. intermedia enzymes showed maximum activity at 65 °C and pH around 5. Under these conditions, the maximum velocity of amylase and xylanase for starch and xylan hydrolysis was found to be 3.25 U mL−1 and 14.77 U mL−1, respectively. Cultivation of N. intermedia in thin stillage and wheat bran medium resulted in relatively high amylase (8.86 ± 0.41 U mL−1, 4.68 ± 0.23) and xylanase (5.48 ± 0.21, 2.58 ± 0.07 U mL−1) production, respectively, which makes this fungus promising for enzyme production through a wheat-based biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Shahryari
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, SE-50190 Borås, Sweden.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7618868366, Iran.
| | - Mohammad H Fazaelipoor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7618868366, Iran.
- Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd 8915818411, Iran.
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran.
| | - Patrik R Lennartsson
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, SE-50190 Borås, Sweden.
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de Oliveira Simões LC, da Silva RR, de Oliveira Nascimento CE, Boscolo M, Gomes E, da Silva R. Purification and Physicochemical Characterization of a Novel Thermostable Xylanase Secreted by the Fungus Myceliophthora heterothallica F.2.1.4. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 188:991-1008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-02973-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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