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Yao ZY, Gong JS, Jiang JY, Su C, Zhao WH, Xu ZH, Shi JS. Unraveling the intricacies of glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis: Decoding the molecular symphony in understanding complex polysaccharide assembly. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 75:108416. [PMID: 39033835 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are extensively utilized in clinical, cosmetic, and healthcare field, as well as in the treatment of thrombosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatism, and cancer. The biological production of GAGs is a strategy that has garnered significant attention due to its numerous advantages over traditional preparation methods. In this review, we embark on a journey to decode the intricate molecular symphony that orchestrates the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans. By unraveling the complex interplay of related enzymes and thorough excavation of the intricate metabolic cascades involved, GAGs chain aggregation and transportation, which efficiently and controllably modulate GAGs sulfation patterns involved in biosynthetic pathway, we endeavor to offer a thorough comprehension of how these remarkable GAGs are intricately assembled and pushes the boundaries of our understanding in GAGs biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, PR China.
| | - Jia-Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Chang Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, PR China
| | - Wen-Han Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, PR China; College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Institute of Future Food Technology, JITRI, Yixing 214200, PR China.
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Wei M, Huang Y, Zhu J, Qiao Y, Xiao N, Jin M, Gao H, Huang Y, Hu X, Li O. Advances in hyaluronic acid production: Biosynthesis and genetic engineering strategies based on Streptococcus - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132334. [PMID: 38744368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), which is a highly versatile glycosaminoglycan, is widely applied across the fields of food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. It is primary produced through Streptococcus fermentation, but the product presents inherent challenges concerning consistency and potential pathogenicity. However, recent strides in molecular biology have paved the way for genetic engineering, which facilitates the creation of high-yield, nonpathogenic strains adept at synthesizing HA with specific molecular weights. This comprehensive review extensively explores the molecular biology underpinning pivotal HA synthase genes, which elucidates the intricate mechanisms governing HA synthesis. Moreover, it delineates various strategies employed in engineering HA-producing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wei
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Junyuan Zhu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Yufan Qiao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Na Xiao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Mengying Jin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Han Gao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Yitie Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Xiufang Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Ou Li
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China.
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Ebrahimi T, Keramati M, Khodabakhsh F, Cohan RA. Enzyme variants in biosynthesis and biological assessment of different molecular weight hyaluronan. AMB Express 2024; 14:56. [PMID: 38730188 PMCID: PMC11087452 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, low- and high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acids (LMW-HA and HMW-HA) were synthesized in vitro by truncated Streptococcus equisimilis hyaluronan synthases (SeHAS). The enzyme kinetic parameters were determined for each enzyme variant. The MW, structure, dispersity, and biological activity of polymers were determined by electrophoresis, FTIR spectroscopy, carbazole, cell proliferation, and cell migration assay, respectively. The specific activities were calculated as 7.5, 6.8, 4.9, and 2.8 µgHA µgenzyme-1 min-1 for SeHAS, HAS123, HAS23, and HASIntra, respectively. The results revealed SeHAS produced a polydisperse HMW-HA (268 kDa), while HAS123 and HAS23 produced a polydisperse LMW-HA (< 30 kDa). Interestingly, HASIntra produced a low-disperse LMW-HA. Kinetics studies revealed the truncated variants displayed increased Km values for two substrates when compared to the wild-type enzyme. Biological assessments indicated all LMW-HAs showed a dose-dependent proliferation activity on endothelial cells (ECs), whereas HMW-HAs exhibited an inhibitory effect. Also, LMW-HAs had the highest cell migration effect at 10 µg/mL, while at 200 µg/mL, both LMW- and HMW-HAs postponed the healing recovery rate. The study elucidated that the transmembrane domains (TMDs) of SeHAS affect the enzyme kinetics, HA-titer, HA-size, and HA-dispersity. These findings open new insight into the rational engineering of SeHAS to produce size-defined HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Ebrahimi
- New Technologies Research Group, Department of Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Keramati
- New Technologies Research Group, Department of Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farnaz Khodabakhsh
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biotechnology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ahangari Cohan
- New Technologies Research Group, Department of Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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DeAngelis PL, Zimmer J. Hyaluronan synthases; mechanisms, myths, & mysteries of three types of unique bifunctional glycosyltransferases. Glycobiology 2023; 33:1117-1127. [PMID: 37769351 PMCID: PMC10939387 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA), the essential [-3-GlcNAc-1-β-4-GlcA-1-β-]n matrix polysaccharide in vertebrates and molecular camouflage coating in select pathogens, is polymerized by "HA synthase" (HAS) enzymes. The first HAS identified three decades ago opened the window for new insights and biotechnological tools. This review discusses current understanding of HA biosynthesis, its biotechnological utility, and addresses some misconceptions in the literature. HASs are fascinating enzymes that polymerize two different UDP-activated sugars via different glycosidic linkages. Therefore, these catalysts were the first examples to break the "one enzyme/one sugar transferred" dogma. Three distinct types of these bifunctional glycosyltransferases (GTs) with disparate architectures and reaction modes are known. Based on biochemical and structural work, we present an updated classification system. Class I membrane-integrated HASs employ a processive chain elongation mechanism and secrete HA across the plasma membrane. This complex operation is accomplished by functionally integrating a cytosolic catalytic domain with a channel-forming transmembrane region. Class I enzymes, containing a single GT family-2 (GT-2) module that adds both monosaccharide units to the nascent chain, are further subdivided into two groups that construct the polymer with opposite molecular directionalities: Class I-R and I-NR elongate the HA polysaccharide at either the reducing or the non-reducing end, respectively. In contrast, Class II HASs are membrane-associated peripheral synthases with a non-processive, non-reducing end elongation mechanism using two independent GT-2 modules (one for each type of monosaccharide) and require a separate secretion system for HA export. We discuss recent mechanistic insights into HA biosynthesis that promise biotechnological benefits and exciting engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma, OK 73104, United States
| | - Jochen Zimmer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Virginia, 480 Ray C. Hunt Dr, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
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Shukla P, Sinha R, Anand S, Srivastava P, Mishra A. Tapping on the Potential of Hyaluronic Acid: from Production to Application. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:7132-7157. [PMID: 36961510 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The manufacture, purification, and applications of hyaluronic acid (HA) are discussed in this article. Concerning the growing need for affordable, high-quality HA, it is essential to consider diverse production techniques using renewable resources that pose little risk of cross-contamination. Many microorganisms can now be used to produce HA without limiting the availability of raw materials and in an environmentally friendly manner. The production of HA has been associated with Streptococci A and C, explicitly S. zooepidemicus and S. equi. Different fermentation techniques, including the continuous, batch, fed-batch, and repeated batch culture, have been explored to increase the formation of HA, particularly from S. zooepidemicus. The topic of current interest also involves a complex broth rich in metabolites and residual substrates, intensifying downstream processes to achieve high recovery rates and purity. Although there are already established methods for commercial HA production, the anticipated growth in trade and the diversification of application opportunities necessitate the development of new procedures to produce HA with escalated productivity, specified molecular weights, and purity. In this report, we have enacted the advancement of HA technical research by analyzing bacterial biomanufacturing elements, upstream and downstream methodologies, and commercial-scale HA scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Shukla
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rupika Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, India
| | - Shubhankar Anand
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Pradeep Srivastava
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Abha Mishra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Brugnoli M, Mazzini I, La China S, De Vero L, Gullo M. A Microbial Co-Culturing System for Producing Cellulose-Hyaluronic Acid Composites. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1504. [PMID: 37375006 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a co-culture system combining bacterial cellulose (BC) producers and hyaluronic acid (HA) producers was developed for four different combinations. AAB of the genus Komagataeibacter sp. and LAB of the Lactocaseibacillus genus were used to produce BC and HA, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction were used to investigate changes in BC-HA composites chemical and morphological structure. Water absorption, uptake, and antibacterial properties were also tested. Outcomes highlighted a higher bacterial cellulose yield and the incorporation of hyaluronic acid into the composite. The presence of hyaluronic acid increased fiber dimension-nearly doubled for some combinations-which led to a decreased crystallinity of the composites. Different results were observed based on the BC producer and HA producer combination. However, water holding capacity (WHC) in all the samples improved with the presence of HA, while water uptake worsened. A thymol-enriched BC-HA composite showed high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli DSM 30083T and Staphylococcus aureus DSM 20231T. Results could contribute to opening new applications in the cosmetics or pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Brugnoli
- Unimore Microbial Culture Collection Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42124 Reggio nell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Mazzini
- Unimore Microbial Culture Collection Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42124 Reggio nell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Salvatore La China
- Unimore Microbial Culture Collection Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42124 Reggio nell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Luciana De Vero
- Unimore Microbial Culture Collection Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42124 Reggio nell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria Gullo
- Unimore Microbial Culture Collection Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42124 Reggio nell'Emilia, Italy
- NBFC-National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Abdullah Thaidi NI, Mohamad R, Wasoh H, Kapri MR, Ghazali AB, Tan JS, Rios-Solis L, Halim M. Development of In Situ Product Recovery (ISPR) System Using Amberlite IRA67 for Enhanced Biosynthesis of Hyaluronic Acid by Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020558. [PMID: 36836914 PMCID: PMC9966800 DOI: 10.3390/life13020558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
High broth viscosity due to the accumulation of hyaluronic acid (HA) causes a limited yield of HA. It is a major problem of HA production using Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Extractive fermentation via in situ product recovery (ISPR) was utilized to enhance the HA production. Resins from Amberlite: IRA400 Cl; IRA900 Cl; IRA410 Cl; IRA402 Cl; and IRA67 were tested for the HA adsorption. IRA67 showed high adsorption capacity on HA. The study of the adsorption via a 2 L stirred tank bioreactor of S. zooepidemicus fermentation was investigated to elucidate the adsorption of HA onto IRA67 in dispersed and integrated internal column systems. The application of a dispersed IRA67 improved the HA production compared to the fermentation without resin addition by 1.37-fold. The HA production was further improved by 1.36-fold with an internal column (3.928 g/L) over that obtained with dispersed IRA67. The cultivation with an internal column shows the highest reduction of viscosity value after the addition of IRA67 resin: from 58.8 to 23.7 (mPa·s), suggesting the most effective ISPR of HA. The improved biosynthesis of HA indicated that an extractive fermentation by ISPR adsorption is effective and may streamline the HA purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Imanina Abdullah Thaidi
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Complex, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Complex, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Helmi Wasoh
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Complex, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Rizal Kapri
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Complex, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Badruddin Ghazali
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Diagnosis, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Joo Shun Tan
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Complex, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Leonardo Rios-Solis
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK
| | - Murni Halim
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Complex, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Shikina E, Kovalevsky R, Shirkovskaya A, Toukach P. Prospective bacterial and fungal sources of hyaluronic acid: A review. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:6214-6236. [PMID: 36420162 PMCID: PMC9676211 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique biological and rheological properties make hyaluronic acid a sought-after material for medicine and cosmetology. Due to very high purity requirements for hyaluronic acid in medical applications, the profitability of streptococcal fermentation is reduced. Production of hyaluronic acid by recombinant systems is considered a promising alternative. Variations in combinations of expressed genes and fermentation conditions alter the yield and molecular weight of produced hyaluronic acid. This review is devoted to the current state of hyaluronic acid production by recombinant bacterial and fungal organisms.
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Mlambo LK, Abbasiliasi S, Tang HW, Ng ZJ, Parumasivam T, Hanafiah KM, Al-Shammary AAK, Tan JS. Bioactive Metabolites of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K014 Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC43300 and In Vitro Evaluation of Its Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:359. [PMID: 36251092 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of bioactive metabolites produced by lactic acid bacteria against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300. A total of six lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were selected to evaluate the antimicrobial activity against MRSA ATCC 43300, a skin pathogen that is highly resistant to most antibiotics. The K014 isolate from a fermented vegetable recorded the highest inhibition against MRSA ATCC 43300 at 91.93 ± 0.36%. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed the K014 isolate is closely related to L. plantarum and the sequence was subsequently deposited in the GenBank database with an accession number of MW180960, named as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K014. The cell-free supernatant (CFS) of L. plantarum K014 had tolerance to high temperature as well as acidic pH. The bioactive metabolites, such as hydrogen peroxide, lactic acid and hyaluronic acid, were produced by L. plantarum K014. Result from ABTS assay showed higher antioxidant activity (46.28%) as compared to that obtained by DPPH assay (2.97%). The CFS had showed anti-inflammatory activity for lipoxygenase (LOX) assay at 43.66%. The bioactive metabolites of L. plantarum K014 showed very promising potential to be used topical skin pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Kurai Mlambo
- Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Sahar Abbasiliasi
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hock Wei Tang
- Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Zhang Jin Ng
- Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Thaigarajan Parumasivam
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Joo Shun Tan
- Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Amjad Zanjani FS, Afrasiabi S, Norouzian D, Ahmadian G, Hosseinzadeh SA, Fayazi Barjin A, Cohan RA, Keramati M. Hyaluronic acid production and characterization by novel Bacillus subtilis harboring truncated Hyaluronan Synthase. AMB Express 2022; 12:88. [PMID: 35821141 PMCID: PMC9445140 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic Acid (HA) is a natural biopolymer that has important physiological and industrial applications due to its viscoelastic and hydrophilic characteristics. The responsible enzyme for HA production is Hyaluronan synthase (HAS). Although in vitro structure–function of intact HAS enzyme has been partly identified, there is no data on in vivo function of truncated HAS forms. In the current study, novel recombinant Bacillus subtilis strains harboring full length (RBSFA) and truncated forms of SeHAS (RBSTr4 and RBSTr3) were developed and HA production was studied in terms of titer, production rate and molecular weight (Mw). The maximum HA titer for RBSFA, RBSTr4 and RBSTr3 was 602 ± 16.6, 503 ± 19.4 and 728 ± 22.9 mg/L, respectively. Also, the HA production rate was 20.02, 15.90 and 24.42 mg/L.h−1, respectively. The findings revealed that RBSTr3 produced 121% and 137% more HA rather than RBSFA and RBSTr4, respectively. More interestingly, the HA Mw was about 60 kDa for all strains which is much smaller than those obtained in prior studies. The strains containing truncated forms of SeHAS enzysme are able to produce HA. The HA from all recombinant strains was the same and low Mw. Deletion of C-terminal region of SeHAS was not effective on Mw.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shadi Afrasiabi
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Norouzian
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Ahmadian
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ali Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Fayazi Barjin
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ahangari Cohan
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Malihe Keramati
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Ucm R, Aem M, Lhb Z, Kumar V, Taherzadeh MJ, Garlapati VK, Chandel AK. Comprehensive review on biotechnological production of hyaluronic acid: status, innovation, market and applications. Bioengineered 2022; 13:9645-9661. [PMID: 35436410 PMCID: PMC9161949 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2057760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing, existing demand for low-cost and high-quality hyaluronic acid (HA) needs an outlook of different possible production strategies from renewable resources with the reduced possibility of cross-infections. Recently, the possibility of producing HA from harmless microorganisms appeared, which offers the opportunity to make HA more economical, without raw material limitations, and environmentally friendly. HA production is mainly reported with Lancefield Streptococci A and C, particularly from S. equi and S. zooepidemicus. Various modes of fermentation such as batch, repeated batch, fed-batch, and continuous culture have been investigated to optimize HA production, particularly from S. zooepidemicus, obtaining a HA yield of 2.5 g L−1 – 7.0 g L−1. Among the different utilized DSP approaches of HA production, recovery with cold ethanol (4°C) and cetylpyridinium chloride is the ideal strategy for lab-scale HA production. On the industrial scale, besides using isopropanol, filtration (0.22 um), ultrafiltration (100 kDa), and activated carbon absorption are employed to obtain HA of low molecular weight and additional ultrafiltration to purify HA of higher MW. Even though mature technologies have already been developed for the industrial production of HA, the projections of increased sales volume and the expansion of application possibilities require new processes to obtain HA with higher productivity, purity, and specific molecular weights. In this review, we have put forth the progress of HA technological research by discussing the microbial biosynthetic aspects, fermentation and downstream strategies, industrial-scale scenarios of HA, and the prospects of HA production to meet the current and ongoing market demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruschoni Ucm
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena (EEL), University of São Paulo (USP), Lorena 12602-810, Brazil
| | - Mera Aem
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena (EEL), University of São Paulo (USP), Lorena 12602-810, Brazil
| | - Zamudio Lhb
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena (EEL), University of São Paulo (USP), Lorena 12602-810, Brazil
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | | | - Vijay Kumar Garlapati
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Information Technology, Waknaghat 173234, India
| | - Anuj Kumar Chandel
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena (EEL), University of São Paulo (USP), Lorena 12602-810, Brazil
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Rossatto A, Trocado Dos Santos J, Zimmer Ferreira Arlindo M, Saraiva de Morais M, Denardi de Souza T, Saraiva Ogrodowski C. Hyaluronic acid production and purification techniques: a review. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:1-11. [PMID: 35323089 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2042822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an exopolysaccharide extracted from several sources such as rooster combs, umbilical cords and microorganisms. A system that controls temperature, agitation and aeration of bacterial cultures could make the HA production autonomous. Therefore, HA of microbial origin is set to take over alternative methods of production. Furthermore, the use of different nutrient sources in the culture medium and the purification stage applied in the process can cause physicochemical alterations on the bioproduct. For instance, structural modifications that change the molecular weight of HA may alter its elastic and viscoelastic properties. As a result, HA synthesized by microbes has applications in pharmacology, biotechnology, and tissue engineering. Our aim here, is to show the vast range of applications by compiling articles and patents on the culture media or genetic modifications of microorganisms that synthesize HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Rossatto
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
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13
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Peter SB, Qiao Z, Godspower HN, Ajeje SB, Xu M, Zhang X, Yang T, Rao Z. Biotechnological Innovations and Therapeutic Application of Pediococcus and Lactic Acid Bacteria: The Next-Generation Microorganism. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:802031. [PMID: 35237589 PMCID: PMC8883390 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.802031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria represent a worthwhile organism within the microbial consortium for the food sector, health, and biotechnological applications. They tend to offer high stability to environmental conditions, with an indicated increase in product yield, alongside their moderate antimicrobial activity. Lack of endotoxins and inclusion bodies, extracellular secretion, and surface display with other unique properties, are all winning attributes of these Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria, of which, Pediococcus is progressively becoming an attractive and promising host, as the next-generation probiotic comparable with other well-known model systems. Here, we presented the biotechnological developments in Pediococcal bacteriocin expression system, contemporary variegated models of Pediococcus and lactic acid bacteria strains as microbial cell factory, most recent applications as possible live delivery vector for use as therapeutics, as well as upsurging challenges and future perspective. With the radical introduction of artificial intelligence and neural network in Synthetic Biology, the microbial usage of lactic acid bacteria as an alternative eco-friendly strain, with safe use properties compared with the already known conventional strains is expected to see an increase in various food and biotechnological applications in years to come as it offers better hope of safety, accuracy, and higher efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Bulus Peter
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhina Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hero Nmeri Godspower
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Samaila Boyi Ajeje
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Taowei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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14
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Du Y, Cheng F, Wang M, Xu C, Yu H. Indirect Pathway Metabolic Engineering Strategies for Enhanced Biosynthesis of Hyaluronic Acid in Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:768490. [PMID: 34988066 PMCID: PMC8721151 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.768490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is composed of alternating d-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, with excellent biocompatibility and water retention capacity. To achieve heterologous biosynthesis of HA, Corynebacterium glutamicum, a safe GRAS (generally recognized as safe) host, was utilized and metabolically engineered previously. In this work, to achieve further enhancement of HA yield, four strategies were proposed and performed separately first, i.e., (1) improvement of glucose uptake via iolR gene knockout, releasing the inhibition of transporter IolT1/IolT2 and glucokinases; (2) intensification of cardiolipin synthesis through overexpression of genes pgsA1/pgsA2/cls involved in cardiolipin synthesis; (3) duly expressed Vitreoscilla hemoglobin in genome, enhancing HA titer coupled with more ATP and improved NAD+/NADH (>7.5) ratio; and (4) identification of the importance of glutamine for HA synthesis through transcriptome analyses and then enhancement of the HA titer via its supplement. After that, we combined different strategies together to further increase the HA titer. As a result, one of the optimal recombinant strains, Cg-dR-CLS, yielded 32 g/L of HA at 60 h in a fed-batch culture, which was increased by 30% compared with that of the starting strain. This high value of HA titer will enable the industrial production of HA via the engineered C. glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyu Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmeng Xu
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Yu
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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15
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Screening of the Chemical Composition and Identification of Hyaluronic Acid in Food Supplements by Fractionation and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13224002. [PMID: 34833306 PMCID: PMC8620353 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid, together with collagen, vitamins or plant extracts, is a part of many cosmetic and food preparations. For example, this polysaccharide is used in formulation of many food supplements due to its protective effects on human health. In this work, the screening of the chemical composition of three chosen dietary supplements (powder, tablets and capsules) containing hyaluronic acid was carried out using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Because of the low amount of analyte in all these samples, it was isolated or concentrated prior to the analysis using a suitable sequential fractionation protocol. Individual isolation procedures were established for each sample based on their declared composition. Firstly, the major components such as collagen or vitamins were removed to obtain polysaccharide fractions by the enzymatic treatment and/or washing out with the appropriate solvents. In some cases, the water insoluble part was removed from the rest dissolved in water. Then, hyaluronic acid was precipitated with copper(II) cations and thus separated from the other polysaccharides. Finally, the analyte was identified in the enriched fractions by the characteristic vibrational bands. The amount of hyaluronic acid in the purified fractions was determined in three ways: gravimetrically, spectrophotometrically, and using isotachophoresis. The combination of the appropriate preparative and analytical steps led to the successful evaluation of chemical composition, finding and quantification of hyaluronic acid in all the studied samples.
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16
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Jeon S, Kim H, Choi Y, Cho S, Seo M, Kim H. Complete Genome Sequence of the Newly Developed Lactobacillus acidophilus Strain With Improved Thermal Adaptability. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:697351. [PMID: 34630344 PMCID: PMC8498822 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.697351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) is a representative probiotic and is widely used in many industrial products for its beneficial effects on human and animal health. This bacterium is exposed to harsh environments such as high temperatures for manufacturing industrial products, but cell yield under high temperatures is relatively low. To resolve this issue, we developed a new L. acidophilus strain with improved heat resistance while retaining the existing beneficial properties through the adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) method. The newly developed strain, L. acidophilus EG008, has improved the existing limit of thermal resistance from 65°C to 75°C. Furthermore, we performed whole-genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis of wild-type and EG008 strains to unravel the molecular mechanism of improved heat resistance. Interestingly, only two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were different compared to the L. acidophilus wild-type. We identified that one of these SNPs is a non-synonymous SNP capable of altering the structure of MurD protein through the 435th amino acid change from serine to threonine. We believe that these results will directly contribute to any industrial field where L. acidophilus is applied. In addition, these results make a step forward in understanding the molecular mechanisms of lactic acid bacteria evolution under extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Jeon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyaekang Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngseok Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Minseok Seo
- Department of Computer Convergence Software, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,eGnome, Inc., Seoul, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Xu Q, Torres JE, Hakim M, Babiak PM, Pal P, Battistoni CM, Nguyen M, Panitch A, Solorio L, Liu JC. Collagen- and hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels and their biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. R, REPORTS : A REVIEW JOURNAL 2021; 146:100641. [PMID: 34483486 PMCID: PMC8409465 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2021.100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have been widely investigated in biomedical fields due to their similar physical and biochemical properties to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA) are the main components of the ECM in many tissues. As a result, hydrogels prepared from collagen and HA hold inherent advantages in mimicking the structure and function of the native ECM. Numerous studies have focused on the development of collagen and HA hydrogels and their biomedical applications. In this extensive review, we provide a summary and analysis of the sources, features, and modifications of collagen and HA. Specifically, we highlight the fabrication, properties, and potential biomedical applications as well as promising commercialization of hydrogels based on these two natural polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Xu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jessica E. Torres
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mazin Hakim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Paulina M Babiak
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Pallabi Pal
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Carly M Battistoni
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Michael Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Julie C. Liu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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18
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Manfrão-Netto JHC, Queiroz EB, de Oliveira Junqueira AC, Gomes AMV, Gusmão de Morais D, Paes HC, Parachin NS. Genetic strategies for improving hyaluronic acid production in recombinant bacterial culture. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:822-840. [PMID: 34327773 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a biopolymer of repeating units of glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. Its market was valued at USD 8.9 billion in 2019. Traditionally, HA has been obtained from rooster comb-like animal tissues and fermentative cultures of attenuated pathogenic streptococci. Various attempts have been made to engineer a safe micro-organism for HA synthesis; however, the HA titres obtained from these attempts are in general still lower than those achieved by natural, pathogenic producers. In this scenario, ways to increase HA molecule length and titres in already constructed strains are gaining attention in the last years, but no recent publication has reviewed the main genetic strategies applied to improve HA production on heterologous hosts. In light of that, we hereby compile the advances made in the engineering of micro-organisms to improve HA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- João H C Manfrão-Netto
- Grupo de Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Bloco K, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Enzo Bento Queiroz
- Grupo de Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Bloco K, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ana C de Oliveira Junqueira
- Grupo de Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Bloco K, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Antônio M V Gomes
- Grupo de Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Bloco K, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Daniel Gusmão de Morais
- Grupo de Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Bloco K, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Hugo Costa Paes
- Clinical Medicine Division, University of Brasília Medical School, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Nádia Skorupa Parachin
- Grupo de Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Bloco K, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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19
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Torres-Acosta MA, Castaneda-Aponte HM, Mora-Galvez LM, Gil-Garzon MR, Banda-Magaña MP, Marcellin E, Mayolo-Deloisa K, Licona-Cassani C. Comparative Economic Analysis Between Endogenous and Recombinant Production of Hyaluronic Acid. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:680278. [PMID: 34368093 PMCID: PMC8334870 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.680278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a biopolymer with a wide range of applications, mainly in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical sectors. Typical industrial-scale production utilizes organisms that generate HA during their developmental cycle, such as Streptococcus equi sub. zooepidemicus. However, a significant disadvantage of using Streptococcus equi sub. zooepidemicus is that it is a zoonotic pathogen, which use at industrial scale can create several risks. This creates opportunities for heterologous, or recombinant, production of HA. At an industrial scale, the recovery and purification of HA follow a series of precipitation and filtration steps. Current recombinant approaches are developing promising alternatives, although their industrial implementation has yet to be adequately assessed. The present study aims to create a theoretical framework to forecast the advantages and disadvantages of endogenous and recombinant strains in production with the same downstream strategy. The analyses included a selection of the best cost-related recombinant and endogenous production strategies, followed by a sensitivity analysis of different production variables in order to identify the three most critical parameters. Then, all variables were analyzed by varying them simultaneously and employing multiple linear regression. Results indicate that, regardless of HA source, production titer, recovery yield and bioreactor scale are the parameters that affect production costs the most. Current results indicate that recombinant production needs to improve current titer at least 2-fold in order to compete with costs of endogenous production. This study serves as a platform to inform decision-making for future developments and improvements in the recombinant production of HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Torres-Acosta
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Héctor M Castaneda-Aponte
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, Mexico.,Núcleo de Innovación de Sistemas Biológicos, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Liliana M Mora-Galvez
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, Mexico.,Biomentum SAPI de CV, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | | | - Esteban Marcellin
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Queensland Node of Metabolomics Australia, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Cuauhtemoc Licona-Cassani
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, Mexico.,Núcleo de Innovación de Sistemas Biológicos, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
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20
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Abstract
Bored coffee beans (BCBs) are the residues left from the pest Hypothenemus hampei that attacks coffee crops, resulting in enormous economic losses. The bioconversion of monosaccharides from BCBs into hyaluronic acid (HA) is appealing both for using the residues and given the high commercial value of HA. This study dealt with the production of HA using Streptococcus zooepidemicus by employing either acid (AcH) or enzymatic (EnH) hydrolyzates from BCBs. The highest release of monosaccharides (evaluated using surface response methodology) was obtained with EnH (36.4 g/L); however, S. zooepidemicus produced more HA (1.5 g/L) using AcH compared to EnH. Hydrolyzates from acetone-extracted BCBs yielded 2.7 g/L of HA, which is similar to the amount obtained using a synthetic medium (2.8 g/L). This report demonstrates the potential of hydrolyzates from bored coffee beans to produce HA by S. zooepidemicus.
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21
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Wu J, Xin Y, Kong J, Guo T. Genetic tools for the development of recombinant lactic acid bacteria. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:118. [PMID: 34147119 PMCID: PMC8214781 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a phylogenetically diverse group with the ability to convert soluble carbohydrates into lactic acid. Many LAB have a long history of safe use in fermented foods and are recognized as food-grade microorganisms. LAB are also natural inhabitants of the human intestinal tract and have beneficial effects on health. Considering these properties, LAB have potential applications as biotherapeutic vehicles to delivery cytokines, antigens and other medicinal molecules. In this review, we summarize the development of, and advances in, genome manipulation techniques for engineering LAB and the expected future development of such genetic tools. These methods are crucial for us to maximize the value of LAB. We also discuss applications of the genome-editing tools in enhancing probiotic characteristics and therapeutic functionalities of LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongping Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tingting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Chang WH, Liu PY, Lin MH, Lu CJ, Chou HY, Nian CY, Jiang YT, Hsu YHH. Applications of Hyaluronic Acid in Ophthalmology and Contact Lenses. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092485. [PMID: 33923222 PMCID: PMC8123179 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan that was first isolated and identified from the vitreous body of a bull’s eye. HA is ubiquitous in the soft connective tissues of animals and therefore has high tissue compatibility for use in medication. Because of HA’s biological safety and water retention properties, it has many ophthalmology-related applications, such as in intravitreal injection, dry eye treatment, and contact lenses. Due to its broad range of applications, the identification and quantification of HA is a critical topic. This review article discusses current methods for analyzing HA. Contact lenses have become a widely used medical device, with HA commonly used as an additive to their production material, surface coating, and multipurpose solution. HA molecules on contact lenses retain moisture and increase the wearer’s comfort. HA absorbed by contact lenses can also gradually release to the anterior segment of the eyes to treat dry eye. This review discusses applications of HA in ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hsin Chang
- Research and Development Center, Yung Sheng Optical Company, Daya District, Taichung 42881, Taiwan; (W.-H.C.); (P.-Y.L.); (M.-H.L.); (C.-J.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.N.)
| | - Pei-Yi Liu
- Research and Development Center, Yung Sheng Optical Company, Daya District, Taichung 42881, Taiwan; (W.-H.C.); (P.-Y.L.); (M.-H.L.); (C.-J.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.N.)
| | - Min-Hsuan Lin
- Research and Development Center, Yung Sheng Optical Company, Daya District, Taichung 42881, Taiwan; (W.-H.C.); (P.-Y.L.); (M.-H.L.); (C.-J.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.N.)
| | - Chien-Ju Lu
- Research and Development Center, Yung Sheng Optical Company, Daya District, Taichung 42881, Taiwan; (W.-H.C.); (P.-Y.L.); (M.-H.L.); (C.-J.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.N.)
| | - Hsuan-Yi Chou
- Research and Development Center, Yung Sheng Optical Company, Daya District, Taichung 42881, Taiwan; (W.-H.C.); (P.-Y.L.); (M.-H.L.); (C.-J.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.N.)
| | - Chih-Yu Nian
- Research and Development Center, Yung Sheng Optical Company, Daya District, Taichung 42881, Taiwan; (W.-H.C.); (P.-Y.L.); (M.-H.L.); (C.-J.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.N.)
| | - Yuan-Ting Jiang
- Research and Development Center, Yung Sheng Optical Company, Daya District, Taichung 42881, Taiwan; (W.-H.C.); (P.-Y.L.); (M.-H.L.); (C.-J.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.N.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-T.J.); (Y.-H.H.H.); Tel.: +886-4-25658384 (ext. 3706) (Y.-T.J.); +886-4-23590121 (ext. 32238) (Y.-H.H.H.)
| | - Yuan-Hao Howard Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Xitun District, Taichung 40704, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-T.J.); (Y.-H.H.H.); Tel.: +886-4-25658384 (ext. 3706) (Y.-T.J.); +886-4-23590121 (ext. 32238) (Y.-H.H.H.)
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23
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Versatile strategies for bioproduction of hyaluronic acid driven by synthetic biology. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 264:118015. [PMID: 33910717 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its outstanding water-retention ability, viscoelasticity, biocompatibility and non-immunogenicity, Hyaluronic acid (HA), a natural linear polymer alternating linked by d-glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine, has been widely employed in cosmetic, medical and clinical applications. With the development of synthetic biology and bioprocessing optimization, HA production via microbial fermentation is an economical and sustainable alternative over traditional animal extraction methods. Indeed, recently Streptococci and other recombinant systems for HA synthesis has received increasing interests due to its technical advantages. This review summarizes the production of HA by microorganisms and demonstrates its synthesis mechanism, focusing on the current status in various production systems, as well as common synthetic biology strategies include driving more carbon flux into HA biosynthesis and regulating the molecular weight (MW), and finally discusses the major challenges and prospects.
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24
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Cavalcanti ADD, Melo BAGD, Ferreira BAM, Santana MHA. Performance of the main downstream operations on hyaluronic acid purification. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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25
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Gunasekaran V, D G, V P. Role of membrane proteins in bacterial synthesis of hyaluronic acid and their potential in industrial production. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1916-1926. [PMID: 32791275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan polymer found in various parts of human body and is required for functions like lubrication, water homeostasis etc. Hyaluronic acid is mostly produced industrially by bacterial fermentation for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. This review discusses on the role of membrane proteins involved in synthesis and transport of bacterial HA, since HA is a transmembrane product. The different types of membrane proteins involved, their transcriptional control in wild type bacteria and the expression of those proteins in various recombinant hosts have been discussed. The role of phospholipids and metal ions on membrane proteins activity, HA yield and size of HA have also been discussed. Today with an estimated market of US$ 8.3 billion and which is expected to grow to US$ 15.25 billion in 2026, it is essential to increase the efficiency of the industrial HA production process. So this review also proposes on how those membrane proteins and cellular mechanisms like the transcriptional control can be utilised to develop efficient industrial strains that enhance the yield and size of HA produced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gowdhaman D
- Biomass conversion and Bioproducts Laboratory, Center for Bioenergy, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ponnusami V
- Biomass conversion and Bioproducts Laboratory, Center for Bioenergy, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Şensoy AT, İspirli H, Dertli E. Determining the optimum model parameters for oligosaccharide production efficiency using response surface integrated particle swarm optimization method: an experimental validation study. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 50:820-826. [PMID: 32282271 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1753070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Glucansucrases (GTFs) catalyzes the synthesis of α-glucans from sucrose and oligosaccharides in the presence of an acceptor sugar by transferring glucosyl units to the acceptor molecule with different linkages. The acceptor reactions can be affected by several parameters and this study aimed to determine the optimal reaction parameters for the production of glucansucrase-based oligosaccharides using sucrose and maltose as the donor and acceptor sugars, respectively via a hybrid technique of Response Surface Method (RSM) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The experimental design was performed using Central Composite Design and the tested parameters were enzyme concentration, acceptor:donor ratio and the reaction period. The optimization studies showed that enzyme concentration was the most effective parameter for the final oligosaccharides yields. The optimal values of the significant parameters determined for enzyme concentration and acceptor:donor ratio were 3.45 U and 0.62, respectively. Even the response surface plots for input parameters verified the PSO results, an experimental validation study was performed for the reverification. The experimental verification results obtained were also consistent with the PSO results. These findings will help our understanding in the role of different parameters for the production of oligosaccharides in the acceptor reactions of GTFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Tahir Şensoy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Samsun University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Hümeyra İspirli
- Central Research Laboratory, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Enes Dertli
- Department of Food Engineering İstanbul, Chemical-Metallurgical Engineering Faculty, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Cheng F, Yu H, Stephanopoulos G. Engineering Corynebacterium glutamicum for high-titer biosynthesis of hyaluronic acid. Metab Eng 2019; 55:276-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jiang T, Chen G, Shi X, Guo R. Hyaluronic Acid-Decorated Laponite ® Nanocomposites for Targeted Anticancer Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E137. [PMID: 30960121 PMCID: PMC6401931 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA), a natural polysaccharide that can specifically bind to CD44 receptors, was conjugated onto laponite® (LAP) nanodisks for the encapsulation and specific delivery of the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) to CD44-overexpressed cancer cells. The prepared LM-HA could encapsulate DOX efficiently and release drug in a continuous manner with pH-responsiveness. In vitro cell viability assay proved that LM-HA had good biocompatibility, and drug-loaded LM-HA/DOX exhibited targeted anti-tumor effects against HeLa cells with CD44 receptors overexpressed. In addition, the flow cytometric detection and confocal laser scanning microscope results confirmed that LM-HA/DOX could be specifically internalized by HeLa cells via CD44-mediated endocytosis. Therefore, the HA-modified LAP nanodisks with high drug loading efficiency, pH-sensitive drug release properties and CD44 targetability might be an efficient nanoplatform for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Guangxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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