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Xu W, Zhang X, Ni D, Zhang W, Guang C, Mu W. A review of fructosyl-transferases from catalytic characteristics and structural features to reaction mechanisms and product specificity. Food Chem 2024; 440:138250. [PMID: 38154282 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-active enzymes are accountable for the synthesis and degradation of glycosidic bonds among diverse carbohydrates. Fructosyl-transferases represent a subclass of these enzymes, employing sucrose as a substrate to generate fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and fructan polymers. This category primarily includes levansucrase (LS, EC 2.4.1.10), inulosucrase (IS, EC 2.4.1.9), and β-fructofuranosidase (Ffase, EC 3.2.1.26). These three enzymes possess a similar five-bladed β-propeller fold and employ an anomer-retaining reaction mechanism mediated by nucleophiles, transition state stabilizers, and general acids/bases. However, they exhibit distinct product profiles, characterized by variations in linkage specificity and molecular mass distribution. Consequently, this article comprehensively explores recent advancements in the catalytic characteristics, structural features, reaction mechanisms, and product specificity of levansucrase, inulosucrase, and β-fructofuranosidase (abbreviated as LS, IS, and Ffase, respectively). Furthermore, it discusses the potential for modifying catalytic properties and product specificity through structure-based design, which enables the rational production of custom fructan and FOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Zhang K, Wang W, Yang Q. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Regulation of Aureobasidium pullulans under Different pH Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16103. [PMID: 38003294 PMCID: PMC10671783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aureobasidium pullulans (A. pullulans), a commonly found yeast-like fungus, exhibits adaptability to a wide range of pH environments. However, the specific mechanisms and regulatory pathways through which A. pullulans respond to external pH remain to be fully understood. In this study, we first sequenced the whole genome of A. pullulans using Nanopore technology and generated a circle map. Subsequently, we explored the biomass, pullulan production, melanin production, and polymalic acid production of A. pullulans when cultivated at different pH levels. We selected pH 4.0, pH 7.0, and pH 10.0 to represent acidic, neutral, and alkaline environments, respectively, and examined the morphological characteristics of A. pullulans using SEM and TEM. Our observations revealed that A. pullulans predominantly exhibited hyphal growth with thicker cell walls under acidic conditions. In neutral environments, it primarily displayed thick-walled spores and yeast-like cells, while in alkaline conditions, it mainly assumed an elongated yeast-like cell morphology. Additionally, transcriptome analysis unveiled that A. pullulans orchestrates its response to shifts in environmental pH by modulating its cellular morphology and the expression of genes involved in pullulan, melanin, and polymalic acid synthesis. This research enhances the understanding of how A. pullulans regulates itself in diverse pH settings and offers valuable guidance for developing and applying engineered strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Wan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Qian Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Jia SL, Zhang M, Liu GL, Chi ZM, Chi Z. Novel chromosomes and genomes provide new insights into evolution and adaptation of the whole genome duplicated yeast-like fungus TN3-1 isolated from natural honey. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:206. [PMID: 37335429 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Aureobasidium melanogenum TN3-1 strain and A. melanogenum P16 strain were isolated from the natural honey and the mangrove ecosystem, respectively. The former can produce much higher pullulan from high concentration of glucose than the latter. In order to know what happened to their genomes, the PacBio sequencing and Hi-C technologies were used to create the first high-quality chromosome-level reference genome assembly of A. melanogenum TN3-1 (51.61 Mb) and A. melanogenum P16 (25.82 Mb) with the contig N50 of 2.19 Mb and 2.26 Mb, respectively. Based on the Hi-C results, a total of 93.33% contigs in the TN3-1 strain and 92.31% contigs in the P16 strain were anchored onto 24 and 12 haploid chromosomes, respectively. The genomes of the TN3-1 strain had two subgenomes A and B. Synteny analysis showed that the genomic contents of the two subgenomes were asymmetric with many structural variations. Intriguingly, the TN3-1 strain was revealed as a recent hybrid/fusion between the ancestor of A. melanogenum CBS105.22/CBS110374 and the ancestor of another unidentified strain of A. melanogenum similar to P16 strain. We estimated that the two ancient progenitors diverged around 18.38 Mya and merged around 10.66-9.98 Mya. It was found that in the TN3-1 strain, telomeres of each chromosome contained high level of long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), but had low level of the telomerase encoding gene. Meanwhile, there were high level of transposable elements (TEs) inserted in the chromosomes of the TN3-1 strain. In addition, the positively selected genes of the TN3-1 strain were mainly enriched in the metabolic processes related to harsh environmental adaptability. Most of the stress-related genes were found to be related to the adjacent LTRs, and the glucose derepression was caused by the mutation of the Glc7-2 in the Snf-Mig1 system. All of these could contribute to its genetic instability, genome evolution, high stress resistance, and high pullulan production from glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lei Jia
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China
| | - Guang-Lei Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Chi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Zhe Chi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
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Araújo VPB, Araújo TKD, Sousa KMND, Albuquerque WWC, Nascimento AKCD, Cardoso KBB, Nascimento TP, Batista JMDS, Cavalcanti MTH, Porto ALF, Costa RMPB. A novel β-fructofuranosidase produced by Penicillium citreonigrum URM 4459: purification and biochemical features. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:906-913. [PMID: 36579491 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2158472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are prebiotics of interest to the food industry. These compounds can be produced through the transfructosylation reaction by the enzyme fructofuranosidase. This enzyme is widely produced by fungi in a medium rich in sugar. Therefore, in this work, the main objectives were production, purification, biochemical characterization of a novel fructofuranosidase enzyme by Penicillium citreonigrum URM 4459 and synthesize and evaluate the antibacterial potential of fructooligosaccharides. With respect to sucrose hydrolysis, the optimal pH was 5.5, the apparent Km for purified FFase was 3.8 mM, the molecular mass was 43.0 kDa, estimated by gel filtration on Superdex increase G75 controlled by AKTA Avant 25 and confirmed by 10% SDS-PAGE under denaturing condition. Also, the isoelectric point was 4.9. The fractions obtained with enzymatic activities, both stable at acidic pH and high temperatures, as well as being able to produce FOS. Regarding antibacterial activity, the FOS produced in this study showed better results than commercial FOS and other carbon sources. Thus, this work presents relevant data for the use of P. citreonigum to produce fructofuranosidase and consequently FOS and can be used in the food and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thayza Kássia de Araújo
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Xue T, Zhao M, Chen J, Chen Y, Zhang C, Li B. Revealing the mechanisms of the bioactive ingredients accumulation in Polygonatum cyrtonema by multiomics analyses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1055721. [PMID: 36466239 PMCID: PMC9709641 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1055721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polygonatum cyrtonema is a medicinal and edible herb rich in polysaccharides, steroidal saponins, and flavonoids that has been widely used as a food, vegetable, and medicine over the years. Although previous studies have preliminarily explored the metabolic and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of the main secondary metabolites in P. cyrtonema, the complex mechanism of microRNA (miRNA)-mediated posttranscriptional regulation remains unclear. Metabolome analysis showed that iso-ophiopogonanone B, (25S)-pratioside D1, disporopsin, and isodiosgenin-Glc-Glc, which are associated with intermediates in the flavonoids and saponins pathways, were significantly upregulated in the stem and leaf compared with the rhizome, and most saccharides, including arabinose, cellobiose, maltotetraose, and panose, showed the opposite trend, suggesting that they may contribute to the formation and accumulation of the main active ingredients in P. cyrtonema. We found that 4-hydroxymandelonitrile have a relatively good inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase, indicating that it may play a role in hypoglycemic functions. Transcriptome and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) were combined to reveal several candidate genes involved in the accumulation of polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids, including PcSQLE, PcCYP71A1, PcSUS, PcFK, and PcMYB102. Integrated analyses of miRNAs and messengerRNAs (mRNAs) showed that novel_miR14, novel_miR49, novel_miR75, and aof_miR164 were negatively correlated with alpha-linolenic acid metabolism and the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, including PcAOS, PcSPLA2, PcFRK1, and PcDELLA, indicating that these miRNAs may coordinately regulate the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites in P. cyrtonema. These findings will facilitate in-depth research on the functions of these miRNAs and mRNAs related to the main active substances for pathological and biological regulation, which will be beneficial to provide theoretical guidance for the molecular breeding of P. cyrtonema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xue
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Miaohua Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youqiang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chuanhai Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, College of Ecology and Resource Engineering, Wuyi University, Nanping, China
| | - Baoyin Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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De novo genome assembly and analysis of Zalaria sp. Him3, a novel fructooligosaccharides producing yeast. BMC Genom Data 2022; 23:78. [PMID: 36357835 PMCID: PMC9647967 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-022-01094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zalaria sp. Him3 was reported as a novel fructooligosaccharides (FOS) producing yeast. However, Zalaria spp. have not been widely known and have been erroneously classified as a different black yeast, Aureobasidium pullulans. In this study, de novo genome assembly and analysis of Zalaria sp. Him3 was demonstrated to confirm the existence of a potential enzyme that facilitates FOS production and to compare with the genome of A. pullulans. Results The genome of Zalaria sp. Him3 was analyzed; the total read bases and total number of reads were 6.38 Gbp and 42,452,134 reads, respectively. The assembled genome sequence was calculated to be 22.38 Mbp, with 207 contigs, N50 of 885,387, L50 of 10, GC content of 53.8%, and 7,496 genes. g2419, g3120, and g3700 among the predicted genes were annotated as cellulase, xylanase, and β-fructofuranosidase (FFase), respectively. When the read sequences were mapped to A. pullulans EXF-150 genome as a reference, a small amount of reads (3.89%) corresponded to the reference genome. Phylogenetic tree analysis, which was based on the conserved sequence set consisting of 2,362 orthologs in the genome, indicated genetic differences between Zalaria sp. Him3 and Aureobasidium spp. Conclusion The differences between Zalaria and Aureobasidium spp. were evident at the genome level. g3700 identified in the Zalaria sp. Him3 likely does not encode a highly transfructosyl FFase because the motif sequences were unlike those in other FFases involved in FOS production. Therefore, strain Him3 may produce another FFase. Furthermore, several genes with promising functions were identified and might elicit further interest in Zalaria yeast. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12863-022-01094-2.
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Choukade R, Kango N. Purification of Aspergillus tamarii mycelial fructosyltransferase (m-FTase), optimized FOS production, and evaluation of its anticancer potential. J Food Sci 2022; 87:3294-3306. [PMID: 35638324 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, generation of prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS) using Aspergillus tamarii FTase was optimized by applying response surface methodology. Optimal FOS (251 g L-1 ) was generated at 28.4°C, pH 7.0 and 50% (w/v) sucrose leading to 1.97-fold yield enhancement. The m-FTase was purified using ultrafiltration followed by HiTrap Q HP anion exchange chromatography resulting in 2.15-fold purified FTase with 12.76 U mg-1 specific activity. Purified FTase (75 kDa) had Km and Vmax values of 1049.717 mM and 2.094 µmol min-1 mg-1 , respectively. FOS incorporation led to upregulation of caspase 3, caspase 9, and Bax genes suggesting mitochondrial apoptosis activation in cancer cells. The study describes characteristics of purified FTase from A. tamarii, production optimization of FOS and unravels the role of FOS in anticancer activity against HT-29 cells. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study provides detailed insights of kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of purified FTase, a prebiotic FOS-generating enzyme. Moreover, the role of the apoptotic genes involved in anticancer activity, and the prebiotic potential of FOS is also investigated. These findings are important in the context of FOS applications, and the optimized production strategies make it useful for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritumbhara Choukade
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Naveen Kango
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
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9
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The signaling pathways involved in metabolic regulation and stress responses of the yeast-like fungi Aureobasidium spp. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 55:107898. [PMID: 34974157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aureobasidium spp. can use a wide range of substrates and are widely distributed in different environments, suggesting that they can sense and response to various extracellular signals and be adapted to different environments. It is true that their pullulan, lipid and liamocin biosynthesis and cell growth are regulated by the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway; Polymalate (PMA) and pullulan biosynthesis is controlled by the Ca2+ and TORC1 signaling pathways; the HOG1 signaling pathway determines high osmotic tolerance and high pullulan and liamocin biosynthesis; the Snf1/Mig1 pathway controls glucose repression on pullulan and liamocin biosynthesis; DHN-melanin biosynthesis and stress resistance are regulated by the CWI signaling pathway and TORC1 signaling pathway. In addition, the HSF1 pathway may control cell growth of some novel strains of A. melanogenum at 37 °C. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of high temperature growth and thermotolerance of some novel strains of A. melanogenum and glucose derepression in A. melanogenum TN3-1 are still unclear.
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Batista RD, Melo FG, do Amaral Santos CCA, de Paula-Elias FC, Perna RF, Xavier MCA, Villalba Morales SA, de Almeida AF. Optimization of β-Fructofuranosidase Production from Agrowaste by Aspergillus carbonarius and Its Application in the Production of Inverted Sugar. Food Technol Biotechnol 2021; 59:306-313. [PMID: 34759762 PMCID: PMC8542183 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.59.03.21.6934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research background Microbial β-fructofuranosidases are widely employed in food industry to produce inverted sugar or fructooligosaccharides. In this study, a newly isolated Aspergillus carbonarius PC-4 strain was used to optimize the β-fructofuranosidase production in a cost-effective process and the sucrose hydrolysis was evaluated to produce inverted sugars. Experimental approach Optimization of nutritional components of culture medium was carried out using simplex lattice mixture design for 72 and 120 h at 28 °C. One-factor-at-a-time methodology was used to optimize the physicochemical parameters. Crude enzyme was used for sucrose hydrolysis at different concentrations. Results and conclusions The optimized conditions of enzyme production were achieved from cultivations containing pineapple crown waste (1.3%, m/V) and yeast extract (0.3%, m/V) after 72 h with an enzyme activity of 9.4 U/mL, obtaining R2=91.85%, R2 adjusted=85.06%, highest F-value (13.52) and low p-value (0.003). One-factor-at-a-time used for optimizing the physicochemical conditions showed optimum temperature (20 °C), pH (5.5), agitation (180 rpm) and time course (72 h) with a 3-fold increase of enzyme production. The invertase-induced sucrose hydrolysis showed the maximum yield (3.45 mmol of reducing sugars) using 10% of initial sucrose concentration. Higher sucrose concentrations caused the inhibition of invertase activity, possibly due to the saturation of substrate or formation of sucrose aggregates, making it difficult for the enzyme to access sucrose molecules within the created clusters. Therefore, a cost-effective method was developed for the invertase production using agroindustrial waste and the produced enzyme can be used efficiently for inverted sugar production at high sucrose concentration. Novelty and scientific contribution This study presents an efficient utilization of pineapple crown waste to produce invertase by a newly isolated Aspergillus carbonarius PC-4 strain. This enzyme exhibited a good potential for inverted sugar production at high initial sucrose concentration, which is interesting for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryhára Dias Batista
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Tocantins, 109 Norte Av. NS-15, ALCNO-14, Plano Diretor Norte, CEP: 77001-090, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Guimarães Melo
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Tocantins, 109 Norte Av. NS-15, ALCNO-14, Plano Diretor Norte, CEP: 77001-090, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Claudia Cristina Auler do Amaral Santos
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Tocantins, 109 Norte Av. NS-15, ALCNO-14, Plano Diretor Norte, CEP: 77001-090, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Coutinho de Paula-Elias
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Tocantins, 109 Norte Av. NS-15, ALCNO-14, Plano Diretor Norte, CEP: 77001-090, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Rafael Firmani Perna
- Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Institute of Science and Technology, José Aurélio Vilela Road 11999, Km 533, Zip Code 37715-400, Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil
| | - Michelle Cunha Abreu Xavier
- Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Badejos Street 69-72, Jardim Cervilha, Zip Code 77404-970, Gurupi, TO, Brazil
| | - Sergio Andres Villalba Morales
- Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Institute of Science and Technology, José Aurélio Vilela Road 11999, Km 533, Zip Code 37715-400, Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil
| | - Alex Fernando de Almeida
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Tocantins, 109 Norte Av. NS-15, ALCNO-14, Plano Diretor Norte, CEP: 77001-090, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil
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Biotechnological purification of a β-fructofuranosidase (β-FFase) from Aspergillus tamarii kita: Aqueous two-phase system (PEG/Citrate) and biochemical characterization. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Han S, Pan L, Zeng W, Yang L, Yang D, Chen G, Liang Z. Improved production of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) using a mutant strain of Aspergillus oryzae S719 overexpressing β-fructofuranosidase (FTase) genes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Khatun MS, Hassanpour M, Harrison MD, Speight RE, O'Hara IM, Zhang Z. Highly efficient production of transfructosylating enzymes using low-cost sugarcane molasses by A. pullulans FRR 5284. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:48. [PMID: 38650217 PMCID: PMC10992317 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are a type of important prebiotics and produced by transfructosylating enzymes. In this study, sugarcane molasses was used as the substrate for production of transfructosylating enzymes by Aureobasidium pullulans FRR 5284. NaNO3 was a superior nitrogen source to yeast extract for production of transfructosylating enzymes by A. pullulans FRR 5284 and decreasing the ratio of NaNO3 to yeast extract nitrogen from 1:0 to 1:1 resulted in the reduction of the total transfructosylating activity from 109.8 U/mL to 82.5 U/mL. The addition of only 4.4 g/L NaNO3 into molasses-based medium containing 100 g/L mono- and di-saccharides resulted in total transfructosylating activity of 123.8 U/mL. Scale-up of the A. pullulans FRR 5284 transfructosylating enzyme production process from shake flasks to 1 L bioreactors improved the enzyme activity and productivity to 171.7 U/mL and 3.58 U/mL/h, 39% and 108% higher than those achieved from shake flasks, respectively. Sucrose (500 g/L) was used as a substrate for extracellular, intracellular, and total A. pullulans FRR 5284 transfructosylating enzymes, with a maximum yield of 61%. Intracellular, extracellular, and total A. pullulans FRR 5284 transfructosylating enzymes from different production systems resulted in different FOS profiles, indicating that FOS profiles can be controlled by adjusting intracellular and extracellular enzyme ratios and, hence prebiotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Most Sheauly Khatun
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Morteza Hassanpour
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Mark D Harrison
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Robert E Speight
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Ian M O'Hara
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Zhanying Zhang
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
- Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
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Choukade R, Kango N. Production, properties, and applications of fructosyltransferase: a current appraisal. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:1178-1193. [PMID: 34015988 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1922352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fructosyltransferases (FTases) are drawing increasing attention due to their application in prebiotic fructooligosaccharide (FOS) generation. FTases have been reported to occur in a variety of microorganisms but are predominantly found in filamentous fungi. These are employed at the industrial scale for generating FOS which make the key ingredient in functional food supplements and nutraceuticals due to their bifidogenic and various other health-promoting properties. SCOPE AND APPROACH This review is aimed to discuss recent developments made in the area of FTase production, characterization, and application in order to present a comprehensive account of their present status to the reader. Structural features, catalytic mechanisms, and FTase improvement strategies have also been discussed in order to provide insight into these aspects. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Although FTases occur in several plants and microorganisms, fungal FTases are being exploited commercially for industrial-scale FOS generation. Several fungal FTases have been characterized and heterologously expressed. However, considerable scope exists for improved production and application of FTases for cost-effective production of prebiotic FOS.HIGHLIGHTSFructosyltrasferase (FTase) is a key enzyme in fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) generationDevelopments in the production, properties, and functional aspects of FTasesMolecular modification and immobilization strategies for improved FOS generationFructosyltransferases are innovation hotspots in the food and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritumbhara Choukade
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Naveen Kango
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
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Rasbold LM, Heinen PR, da Conceição Silva JL, de Cássia Garcia Simão R, Kadowaki MK, Maller A. Cunninghamella echinulata PA3S12MM invertase: Biochemical characterization of a promiscuous enzyme. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13654. [PMID: 33595123 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The Cunninghamella echinulata PA3S12MM fungus is a great producer of invertases in a growth medium supplemented by apple peels. The enzyme was purified 4.5 times after two chromatographic processes, and it presented a relative molecular mass of 89.2 kDa. The invertase reached maximum activity at pH of 6 and at 60°C, in addition to presenting stability in alkaline pH and thermal activation at 50°C. The enzymatic activity increased in the presence of Mn2+ and dithiothreitol (DTT), while Cu2+ and Z2+ ions inhibited it. Also, DTT showed to protect enzymatic activity. The apparent values for Km , Vmáx , and Kcat for the sucrose hydrolysis were, respectively, 173.8 mmol/L, 908.7 mmol/L min-1 , and 1,388.79 s-1 . The carbohydrate content was of 83.13%. The invertase presented hydrolytic activity over different types of glycosidic bonds, such as α1 ↔ 2β (sucrose), α1 → 4 (polygalacturonic acid), α1 → 4 and α1 → 2 (pectin), and α1 ↔ 1 (trehalose), indicating that the enzyme is multifunctional. Thus, the biochemical properties showed by the C. echinulata PA3S12MM suggest a broad industrial application, such as in the biomass hydrolysis or in the food industry. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Invertases are hydrolytic enzymes employed in several industrial sectors. Given their great importance for the economy and several industrial sectors, there is a growing interest in microorganisms producing this enzyme. The analysis of the biochemical properties of invertase in C. echinulata PA3S12MM suggest applications in the food industry. Due to its increased hydrolytic activity, the hydrolysis process of the sucrose may employ invertase for the production of invert sugar. The stability at alkaline pH suggests an application in the development of enzymatic electrodes for the quantification of sucrose in food and beverage. The multifunctional activity may work in the biomass hydrolysis or saccharification of by-products for the extraction of fermentable sugars. The high level of invertase N-linked glycosylation of invertase grants this enzyme thermal stability at high temperatures, in addition to resistance against the action of proteases, which are desirable characteristics for the application of this enzyme in industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Mara Rasbold
- Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marina Kimiko Kadowaki
- Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Maller
- Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
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16
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Chen L, Wei X, Liu GL, Hu Z, Chi ZM, Chi Z. Glycerol, trehalose and vacuoles had relations to pullulan synthesis and osmotic tolerance by the whole genome duplicated strain Aureobasidium melanogenum TN3-1 isolated from natural honey. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:131-140. [PMID: 32987074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, it was found that Aureobasidium melanogenum TN3-1 was a high pullulan producing and osmotic tolerant yeast-like fungal strain. In this study, the HOG1 signaling pathway controlling glycerol synthesis, glycerol, trehalose and vacuoles were found to be closely related to its pullulan biosynthesis and high osmotic tolerance. Therefore, deletion of the key genes for the HOG1 signaling pathway, glycerol and trehalose biosynthesis and vacuole formation made all the mutants reduce pullulan biosynthesis and increase sensitivity of the growth of the mutants to high glucose concentration. Especially, abolishment of both the VSP11 and VSP12 genes which controlled the fission/fusion balance of vacuoles could cause big reduction in pullulan production (less than 7.4 ± 0.4 g/L) by the double mutant ΔDV-5 and increased sensitivity to high concentration glucose, while expression of the VSP11 gene in the double mutant ΔDV-5 made the transformants EV-2 restore pullulan production and tolerance to high concentration glucose. But cell growth of them were the similar. The double mutant ΔDV-5 had much bigger vacuoles and less numbers of vacuoles than the transformant EV-2 and its wild type strain TN3-1 while it grew weakly on the plate with 40% (w/v) glucose while the transformant EV-2 and its wild type strain TN3-1 could grow normally on the plate even with 60% (w/v) glucose. The double mutant ΔDV-5 also had high level of pigment and its cells were swollen. This was the first time to give the evidence that glycerol, trehalose and vacuoles were closely related to pullulan biosynthesis and high osmotic tolerance by A. melanogenum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Wei
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China
| | - Guang-Lei Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Zhong Hu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Chi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266003 Qingdao, China.
| | - Zhe Chi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266003 Qingdao, China
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17
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Ni D, Xu W, Zhu Y, Pang X, Lv J, Mu W. Insight into the effects and biotechnological production of kestoses, the smallest fructooligosaccharides. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 41:34-46. [PMID: 33153319 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1844622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Kestoses, the smallest fructooligosaccharides, are trisaccharides composed of a fructose molecule and a sucrose molecule linked by either β-(2,1) or β-(2,6) linkage. 1-kestose, 6-kestose and neokestose are the three types of kestoses occurring in nature. As the main kind of fructooligosaccharide, kestoses share similar physiological effects with other fructooligosaccharides, and they have recently been determined to show more notable effects in promoting the growth of probiotics including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bifidobacterium than those of other fructooligosaccharides. Kestoses exist in many plants, but the relatively low content and the isolation and purification are the main barriers limiting their industrial application. The production of kestoses by enzymatic biosynthesis and microbial fermentation has the potential to facilitate its production and industrial use. In this article, the recent advances in the research of kestoses were overviewed, including those studying their functions and production. Kestose-producing enzymes were introduced in detail, and microbial production and fermentation optimization techniques for enhancing the yield of kestoses were addressed. β-Fructofuranosidase is the main one used to produce kestoses because of the extensive range of microbial sources. Therefore, the production of kestoses by microorganisms containing β-fructofuranosidase has also been reviewed. However, few molecular modification studies have attempted to change the production profile of some enzymes and improve the yield of kestoses, which is a topic that should garner more attention. Additionally, the production of kestoses using food-grade microorganisms may be beneficial to their application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoyang Pang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaping Lv
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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18
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Efficient production of fructo-oligosaccharides from sucrose and molasses by a novel Aureobasidium pullulan strain. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Jia SL, Chi Z, Liu GL, Hu Z, Chi ZM. Fungi in mangrove ecosystems and their potential applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:852-864. [PMID: 32633147 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1789063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove fungi, their ecological role in mangrove ecosystems, their bioproducts, and potential applications are reviewed in this article. Mangrove ecosystems can play an important role in beach protection, accretion promotion, and sheltering coastlines and creeks as barriers against devastating tropical storms and waves, seawater, and air pollution. The ecosystems are characterized by high average and constant temperatures, high salinity, strong winds, and anaerobic muddy soil. The mangrove ecosystems also provide the unique habitats for the colonization of fungi which can produce different kinds of enzymes for industrial uses, recycling of plants and animals in the ecosystems, and the degradation of pollutants. Many mangrove ecosystem-associated fungi also can produce exopolysaccharides, Ca2+-gluconic acid, polymalate, liamocin, polyunsaturated fatty acids, biofuels, xylitol, enzymes, and bioactive substances, which have many potential applications in the bioenergy, food, agricultural, and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, mangrove ecosystems are rich bioresources for bioindustries and ecology. It is necessary to identify more mangrove fungi and genetically edit them to produce a distinct array of novel chemical entities, enzymes, and bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lei Jia
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhe Chi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Guang-Lei Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhong Hu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Chi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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20
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Zhang S, Jiang H, Xue S, Ge N, Sun Y, Chi Z, Liu G, Chi Z. Efficient Conversion of Cane Molasses into Fructooligosaccharides by a Glucose Derepression Mutant of Aureobasidium melanogenum with High β-Fructofuranosidase Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13665-13672. [PMID: 31686508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) are excellent food ingredients or feed additives by stimulating probiotics. In this paper, a CREA gene encoding a glucose repressor in the β-fructofuranosidase producer Aureobasidium melanogenum 33 with high-level FOS biosynthesis was disrupted, and glucose repression in disruptant D28 was relieved. The disruptant D28 produced up to 2100 U/mL of β-fructofuranosidase activity, whereas the enzyme activities produced by parent strain 33 and complemented strain C11 were below 600 U/mL. The whole cells of the disruptant D28 was used to convert cane molasses into FOSs, and 0.58 g of FOSs/g of molasses sugar was synthesized from 350 g/L cane molasses sugar within 4 h. Results demonstrated that the industrial waste cane molasses can be efficiently converted into FOSs by the glucose derepression mutant D28 with high β-fructofuranosidase activity. This low-cost and environmentally friendly bioprocess has great potential applications in bioengineering and biotechnology for FOS production.
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21
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Han S, Ye T, Leng S, Pan L, Zeng W, Chen G, Liang Z. Purification and biochemical characteristics of a novel fructosyltransferase with a high FOS transfructosylation activity from Aspergillus oryzae S719. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 167:105549. [PMID: 31805395 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) have widely used for the manufacture of low-calorie and functional foods, because they can inhibit intestinal pathogenic microorganism growth and increase the absorption of Ca2+ and Mg2+. In this study, the novel fructosyltransferase (FTase) from Aspergillus oryzae strain S719 was successfully purified and characterized. The specific activity of the final purified material was 4200 mg-1 with purification ratio of 66 times and yield of 26%. The molecular weight of FTase of A. oryzae S719 was around 95 kDa by SDS-PAGE, which was identified as a type of FTase by Mass Spectrometry (MS). The purified FTase had optimum temperature and pH of 55 °C and 6.0, respectively. The FTase showed to be stable with more than 80% of its original activity at room temperature after 12 h and maintaining activity above 90% at pH 4.0-11.0. The Km and kcat values of the FTase were 310 mmol L-1 and 2.0 × 103 min-1, respectively. The FTase was activated by 5 mmol L-1 Mg2+ and 10 mmol L-1 Na+ (relative activity of 116 and 114%, respectively), indicating that the enzyme was Mg2+ and Na+ dependent. About 64% of FOS was obtained by the purified FTase under 500 g L-1 sucrose within 4 h of reaction time, which was the shortest reaction time to be reported regarding the purified enzyme production of FOS. Together, these results indicated that the FTase of A. oryzae S719 is an excellent candidate for the industrial production of FOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Han
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Tong Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuo Leng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Lixia Pan
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-refinery, Guangxi Biomass, Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Guiguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Zhiqun Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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