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Shi H, Jiang X, Liu G, Ma B, Lv Y, Xu P, Ma P, Zhang X, Liu T. Enhancement of PLA crystallization, transparency, and strength by adding the long aliphatic chains grafted CNC. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132223. [PMID: 38777688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The combination of crystallization, transparency, and strength is still a challenge for broadening the application of polylactic acid (PLA) films, while it is also difficult to balance. In this work, the long aliphatic chains of octadecylamine (ODA) were grafted onto the surface of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) by tannic acid oxidation self-polymerization and Michael addition/Schiff base reaction between polytannic acid and ODA. Furthermore, the ODA grafted CNC (g-CNC) was used as green reinforcement for the PLA matrix and a series of PLA/g-CNC nanocomposite films were prepared by the casting method. The DSC, WAXD, POM, UV-vis and stretching test were employed to examine the effect of g-CNC on the properties of the as-prepared PLA/g-CNC nanocomposite films. It shows that the g-CNC is effective to improve the melt crystallization rate of PLA from 11 min to 7.3 min. Most importantly, the crystal size of the PLA spherulites was significantly reduced due to the well dispersion in the amorphous PLA matrix, which would effectively improve the transmittance of the PLA films and synchronously realize the combination of crystallization (62 %) and transparency (80.6 %). Moreover, the improved crystallization could also enhance the heat deformation performance of the PLA films since the heat resistance is closely associated with the crystallinity. Besides, the grafted ODA long chains improve the compatibility between CNC and PLA, leading to the reinforcement of PLA matrix, where the tensile strength reaches 65.05 MPa from 44.31 MPa. Compared with the pristine CNC, the addition of g-CNC makes more comprehensive improvement in the properties of the PLA films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizi Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lightweight Composite, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulong Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lightweight Composite, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Textiles Inspection Technology, Fujian Fiber Inspection Center, Fuzhou, Fujian 350026, People's Republic of China
| | - Bomou Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lightweight Composite, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, International Joint Research Laboratory for Nano Energy Composites, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengwu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, International Joint Research Laboratory for Nano Energy Composites, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Piming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, International Joint Research Laboratory for Nano Energy Composites, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, International Joint Research Laboratory for Nano Energy Composites, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, International Joint Research Laboratory for Nano Energy Composites, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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Chinnappa K, Bai CDG, Srinivasan PP. Nanocellulose-stabilized nanocomposites for effective Hg(II) removal and detection: a comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:30288-30322. [PMID: 38619767 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Mercury pollution, with India ranked as the world's second-largest emitter, poses a critical environmental and public health challenge and underscores the need for rigorous research and effective mitigation strategies. Nanocellulose is derived from cellulose, the most abundant natural polymer on earth, and stands out as an excellent choice for mercury ion remediation due to its remarkable adsorption capacity, which is attributed to its high specific surface area and abundant functional groups, enabling efficient Hg(II) ion removal from contaminated water sources. This review paper investigates the compelling potential of nanocellulose as a scavenging tool for Hg(II) ion contamination. The comprehensive examination encompasses the fundamental attributes of nanocellulose, its diverse fabrication techniques, and the innovative development methods of nanocellulose-based nanocomposites. The paper further delves into the mechanisms that underlie Hg removal using nanocellulose, as well as the integration of nanocellulose in Hg detection methodologies, and also acknowledges the substantial challenges that lie ahead. This review aims to pave the way for sustainable solutions in mitigating Hg contamination using nanocellulose-based nanocomposites to address the global context of this environmental concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Chinnappa
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, OMR, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Pandi Prabha Srinivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur Taluk, Chennai, 602117, Tamil Nadu, India
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He J, Yu T, Li Y. Biodegradable thermoset poly(lactic acid) resin containing phosphorus: Flame retardancy, mechanical properties and its soil degradation behavior. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123737. [PMID: 36805506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
With the growing environmental awareness, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is regarded as one of the most promising varieties of bio-based polyesters owing to its environment-friendly and biodegradable advantages. However, poor thermal stability and flammability disadvantages limit the applications of PLA. Herein, a series of biodegradable intrinsic flame-retardant thermoset PLA resins (DMMP-M4sPLA) were designed. DMMP-M4sPLA resins exhibit excellent flame retardancy, achieving UL 94 V-0 rating and limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 28.1 %-31.7 %. Meanwhile, the cured DMMP-M4sPLA resins show a high glass transition temperature and tensile strength. In addition, the resins demonstrate full degradation with no harmful degradation products. This work provides an advanced design strategy to create bio-based and biodegraded resins with superior flame retardant and mechanical performance, holding great potentials in the fields of aviation interior, automotive, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Tao Yu
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Mapping and Remote Sensing for Planetary Exploration, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Yan Li
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Abstract
The green nanocomposites have elite features of sustainable polymers and eco-friendly nanofillers. The green or eco-friendly nanomaterials are low cost, lightweight, eco-friendly, and highly competent for the range of energy applications. This article initially expresses the notions of eco-polymers, eco-nanofillers, and green nanocomposites. Afterward, the energy-related applications of the green nanocomposites have been specified. The green nanocomposites have been used in various energy devices such as solar cells, batteries, light-emitting diodes, etc. The main focus of this artifact is the energy storage application of green nanocomposites. The capacitors have been recognized as corporate devices for energy storage, particularly electrical energy. In this regard, high-performance supercapacitors have been proposed based on sustainable nanocomposites. Consequently, this article presents various approaches providing key knowledge for the design and development of multi-functional energy storage materials. In addition, the future prospects of the green nanocomposites towards energy storage have been discussed.
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Kim H, Shin MS, Jeon H, Koo JM, Eom Y, Choi S, Shin G, Oh DX, Hwang SY, Park J. Highly reinforced poly(butylene succinate) nanocomposites prepared from chitosan nanowhiskers by in-situ polymerization. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 173:128-135. [PMID: 33476620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable aliphatic polyesters need to be tough for commodity-plastic applications, such as disposable bags. Herein, we show that chitosan nanowhiskers (CsWs) prepared from naturally abundant chitin is an effective nanofiller that reinforces the strength and toughness of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). In-situ polycondensation of an aqueous solution of processed CsWs led to a PBS nanocomposite with the highest tensile strength (77 MPa) and elongation at break (530%) reported to date for all PBS types at a minimal nanofiller content of 0.2 wt%. The observed 3.2-fold increase in toughness of the CsW/PBS composite compared to neat PBS is superior to those of composites prepared using cellulose nanocrystals, chitin nanowhiskers, and unstably dispersed CsWs in 1,4-butanediol monomer. Interestingly, CsWs efficiently overcome the disadvantages of the PBS film that easily tears. The highly polar surfaces of the CsWs strongly bind to polymer chains and promote a fibrillar and micro-void structure, thereby maximizing the chain-holding ability of the nanofiller, which resists external tensile and tear stress. This sustainable all-organic nanocomposite is a promising candidate for biodegradable disposable commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeri Kim
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Suk Shin
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonyeol Jeon
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Mo Koo
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Eom
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejin Choi
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Giyoung Shin
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyeop X Oh
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea; Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Yeon Hwang
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea; Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeyoung Park
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea; Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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