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Dammak M, Ben Hlima H, Fendri I, Smaoui S, Abdelkafi S. Tetraselmis species for environmental sustainability: biology, water bioremediation, and biofuel production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34247-0. [PMID: 39060891 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
With increasing demand of fossil fuels and water pollution and their environmental impacts, marine green microalgae have gained special attention in both scientific and industrial fields. This is due to their fast growth in non-arable lands with high photosynthetic activity, their metabolic plasticity, as well as their high CO2 capture capacity. Tetraselmis species, green and eukaryotic microalgae, are not only considered as a valuable source of biomolecules including pigments, lipids, and starch but also widely used in biotechnological applications. Tetraselmis cultivation for high-value biomolecules and industrial use was demonstrated to be a non-cost-effective strategy because of its low demand in nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen. Recently, phycoremediation of wastewater rich in nutrients, chemicals, and heavy metals has become an efficient and economic-alternative that allows the detoxification of waters and induces mechanisms in algal cells for biomolecules rich-energy synthesis to regulate their metabolic pathways. This review aims to shed light on Tetraselmis species for their different culture conditions and metabolites bioaccumulation, as well as their human health and environmental applications. Additionally, phycoremediation of contaminants associated to biofuel production in Tetraselmis cells and their different intracellular and extracellular mechanisms have also been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Dammak
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Département de Génie Biologique, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Ben Hlima
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Département de Génie Biologique, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratory of Microbial, Enzymatic Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LBMEB), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P. O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Smaoui
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes Appliquée À l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Département de Génie Biologique, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Ruan L, Wu H, Wu S, Zhou L, Wu S, Shang C. Optimizing the Conditions of Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse for Bioethanol Production. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:29566-29575. [PMID: 39005808 PMCID: PMC11238294 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The agricultural waste sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is a kind of plentiful biomass resource. In this study, different pretreatment methods (NaOH, H2SO4, and sodium percarbonate/glycerol) were utilized and compared. Among the three pretreatment methods, NaOH pretreatment was the most optimal method. Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to optimize NaOH pretreatment conditions. After optimization by RSM, the solid yield and lignin removal were 54.60 and 82.30% under the treatment of 1% NaOH, a time of 60 min, and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:15, respectively. Then, the enzymolysis conditions of cellulase for NaOH-treated SCB were optimized by RSM. Under the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions (an enzyme dose of 18 FPU/g, a time of 64 h, and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:30), the actual yield of reducing sugar in the enzyme-treated hydrolysate was 443.52 mg/g SCB with a cellulose conversion rate of 85.33%. A bacterium, namely, Bacillus sp. EtOH, which produced ethanol and Baijiu aroma substances, was isolated from the high-temperature Daqu of Danquan Baijiu in our previous study. At last, when the strain EtOH was cultured for 36 h in a fermentation medium (reducing sugar from cellulase-treated SCB hydrolysate, yeast extract, and peptone), ethanol concentration reached 2.769 g/L (0.353%, v/v). The sugar-to-ethanol and SCB-to-ethanol yields were 13.85 and 11.81% in this study, respectively. In brief, after NaOH pretreatment, 1 g of original SCB produced 0.5460 g of NaOH-treated SCB. Then, after the enzymatic hydrolysis, reducing sugar yield (443.52 mg/g SCB) was obtained. Our study provided a suitable method for bioethanol production from SCB, which achieved efficient resource utilization of agricultural waste SCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingru Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology
of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi
Normal University), Ministry of Education & Guangxi Key Laboratory
of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in
Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Haifeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology
of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi
Normal University), Ministry of Education & Guangxi Key Laboratory
of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in
Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Shiya Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology
of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi
Normal University), Ministry of Education & Guangxi Key Laboratory
of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in
Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Lifei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ecology
of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi
Normal University), Ministry of Education & Guangxi Key Laboratory
of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in
Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Shangxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology
of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi
Normal University), Ministry of Education & Guangxi Key Laboratory
of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in
Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Changhua Shang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology
of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi
Normal University), Ministry of Education & Guangxi Key Laboratory
of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in
Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, China
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Gao S, Chen W, Cao S, Sun P, Gao X. Microalgae as fishmeal alternatives in aquaculture: current status, existing problems, and possible solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:16113-16130. [PMID: 38315337 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Fishmeal is an indispensable ingredient for most aquatic animals. However, the finite supply and escalating price of fishmeal seriously limit its use in aquaculture. Thus the development of new, sustainable protein ingredients has been a research focus. Microalgae are potential fishmeal alternatives owing to their high protein content and balanced amino acid profile. Studies suggest that suitable replacement of fishmeal with microalgae is beneficial for fish growth performance, but excessive replacement would induce poor growth and feed utilization. Therefore, this paper aims to review research on the maximum substitutional level of fishmeal by microalgae and propose the main issues and possible solutions for fishmeal replacement by microalgae. The maximum replacement level is affected by microalgal species, fish feeding habits, quality of fishmeal and microalgal meals, and supplemental levels of fishmeal in the control group. Microalgae could generally replace 100%, 95%, 95%, 64.1%, 25.6%, and 18.6% fishmeal protein in diets of carp, shrimp, catfish, tilapia, marine fish, and salmon and trout, respectively. The main issues with fishmeal replacement using microalgae include low production and high production cost, poor digestibility, and anti-nutritional factors. Possible solutions to these problems are recommended in this paper. Overall, microalgae are promising fishmeal alternatives in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Weijun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China.
| | - Shenping Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Ping Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Xiaochan Gao
- College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Abreu AP, Martins R, Nunes J. Emerging Applications of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina ( Arthrospira) sp. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:955. [PMID: 37627840 PMCID: PMC10451540 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. account for over 90% of the global microalgal biomass production and represent one of the most promising aquiculture bioeconomy systems. These microorganisms have been widely recognized for their nutritional and therapeutic properties; therefore, a significant growth of their market is expected, especially in the nutraceutical, food, and beverage segments. However, recent advancements in biotechnology and environmental science have led to the emergence of new applications for these microorganisms. This paper aims to explore these innovative applications, while shedding light on their roles in sustainable development, health, and industry. From this state-of-the art review, it was possible to give an in-depth outlook on the environmental sustainability of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. For instance, there have been a variety of studies reported on the use of these two microorganisms for wastewater treatment and biofuel production, contributing to climate change mitigation efforts. Moreover, in the health sector, the richness of these microalgae in photosynthetic pigments and bioactive compounds, along with their oxygen-releasing capacity, are being harnessed in the development of new drugs, wound-healing dressings, photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, tissue engineering, and anticancer treatments. Furthermore, in the industrial sector, Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. are being used in the production of biopolymers, fuel cells, and photovoltaic technologies. These innovative applications might bring different outlets for microalgae valorization, enhancing their potential, since the microalgae sector presents issues such as the high production costs. Thus, further research is highly needed to fully explore their benefits and potential applications in various sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Abreu
- Association BLC3—Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal; (R.M.); (J.N.)
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- Association BLC3—Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal; (R.M.); (J.N.)
| | - João Nunes
- Association BLC3—Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal; (R.M.); (J.N.)
- BLC3 Evolution Lda, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal
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Li S, Xie P, Chang H, Ho SH. Simultaneously enhancement in the assimilation of microalgal nitrogen and the accumulation of carbohydrate by Debaryomyces hansenii. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139183. [PMID: 37302499 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae-based techniques are considered an alternative to traditional activated sludge processes for removing nitrogen from wastewater. Bacteria consortia have been broadly conducted as one of the most important partners. However, fungal effects on the removal of nutrients and changes in physiological properties of microalgae, and their impact mechanisms remain unclear. The current work demonstrates that, adding fungi increased the nitrogen assimilation of microalgae and the generation of carbohydrates compared to pure microalgal cultivation. The NH4+-N removal efficiency was 95.0% within 48 h using the microalgae-fungi system. At 48 h, total sugars (glucose, xylose, and arabinose) accounted for 24.2 ± 4.2% per dry weight in the microalgae-fungi group. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that, among various processes, phosphorylation and carbohydrate metabolic processes were more prominent. Gene encoding the key enzymes of glycolysis, pyruvate kinase, and phosphofructokinase were significantly up-regulated. Overall, for the first time, this study provides new insights into the art of microalgae-fungi consortia for producing value-added metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China
| | - Peng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China
| | - Haixing Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China.
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6
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Li S, Wu Y, Dao MU, Dragoi EN, Xia C. Spotlighting of the role of catalysis for biomass conversion to green fuels towards a sustainable environment: Latest innovation avenues, insights, challenges, and future perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 318:137954. [PMID: 36702404 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, extensive resources were dedicated to studying how to use catalysis to convert biomass into environmentally friendly fuels. Problems with this technology include the processing of lignocellulosic sources and the development/optimization of novel porous materials as efficient monofunctional and bifunctional catalysts for biomass fuel production. This paper reviews recent advancements in catalysts procedures. Besides, it offers assessments of the methods used in catalytic biomass pyrolysis. Understanding the catalytic conversion process of lignocellulosic biomass into bio-oil remains a key research challenge in biomass catalytic pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suiyi Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Yingji Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - My Uyen Dao
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research & Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam.
| | - Elena-Niculina Dragoi
- "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, Iasi, Bld Mangeron No 73, 700050, Romania
| | - Changlei Xia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
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Niu L, Liu L, Zhang J, Scali M, Wang W, Hu X, Wu X. Genetic Engineering of Starch Biosynthesis in Maize Seeds for Efficient Enzymatic Digestion of Starch during Bioethanol Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043927. [PMID: 36835340 PMCID: PMC9967003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize accumulates large amounts of starch in seeds which have been used as food for human and animals. Maize starch is an importantly industrial raw material for bioethanol production. One critical step in bioethanol production is degrading starch to oligosaccharides and glucose by α-amylase and glucoamylase. This step usually requires high temperature and additional equipment, leading to an increased production cost. Currently, there remains a lack of specially designed maize cultivars with optimized starch (amylose and amylopectin) compositions for bioethanol production. We discussed the features of starch granules suitable for efficient enzymatic digestion. Thus far, great advances have been made in molecular characterization of the key proteins involved in starch metabolism in maize seeds. The review explores how these proteins affect starch metabolism pathway, especially in controlling the composition, size and features of starch. We highlight the roles of key enzymes in controlling amylose/amylopectin ratio and granules architecture. Based on current technological process of bioethanol production using maize starch, we propose that several key enzymes can be modified in abundance or activities via genetic engineering to synthesize easily degraded starch granules in maize seeds. The review provides a clue for developing special maize cultivars as raw material in the bioethanol industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Niu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Liangwei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Monica Scali
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiuli Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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de Arruda MCS, da Silva MROB, Cavalcanti VLR, Brandao RMPC, de Araújo Viana Marques D, de Lima LRA, Porto ALF, Bezerra RP. Antitumor lectins from algae: A systematic review. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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9
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Lisha VS, Kothale RS, Sidharth S, Kandasubramanian B. A critical review on employing algae as a feed for polycarbohydrate synthesis. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Sharmila VG, Rajesh Banu J, Dinesh Kumar M, Adish Kumar S, Kumar G. Algal biorefinery towards decarbonization: Economic and environmental consideration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128103. [PMID: 36243260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Algae biomass contains various biological elements, including lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, making it a viable feedstock for manufacturing biofuels. However, the biggest obstacle to commercializing algal biofuels is their high production costs, primarily related to an algae culture. The extraction of additional high value added bioproducts from algal biomass is thus required to increase the economic viability of producing algae biofuel. This study aims to discuss the economic benefits of a zero-carbon economy and an environmentally sustainable algae resource in decarbonizing the environment through the manufacture of algal-based biofuels from algae biomass for a range of potential uses. In addition, research on the algae biorefineries, with an emphasis on case studies for various cultivation methods, as well as the commercialization of biofuel and bioenergy. Overall, the algal biorefinery offers fresh potential for synthesizing various products.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Godvin Sharmila
- Department of Civil Engineering, Rohini College of Engineering and Technology, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610005, India
| | - M Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Adish Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Srimongkol P, Sangtanoo P, Songserm P, Watsuntorn W, Karnchanatat A. Microalgae-based wastewater treatment for developing economic and environmental sustainability: Current status and future prospects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:904046. [PMID: 36159694 PMCID: PMC9489850 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.904046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last several decades, concerns about climate change and pollution due to human activity has gained widespread attention. Microalgae have been proposed as a suitable biological platform to reduce carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas, while also creating commercial sources of high-value compounds such as medicines, cosmetics, food, feed, and biofuel. Industrialization of microalgae culture and valorization is still limited by significant challenges in scaling up the production processes due to economic constraints and productivity capacities. Therefore, a boost in resource usage efficiency is required. This enhancement not only lowers manufacturing costs but also enhancing the long-term viability of microalgae-based products. Using wastewater as a nutrient source is a great way to reduce manufacturing costs. Furthermore, water scarcity is one of the most important global challenges. In recent decades, industrialization, globalization, and population growth have all impacted freshwater resources. Moreover, high amounts of organic and inorganic toxins in the water due to the disposal of waste into rivers can have severe impacts on human and animal health. Microalgae cultures are a sustainable solution to tertiary and quaternary treatments since they have the ability to digest complex contaminants. This review presents biorefineries based on microalgae from all angles, including the potential for environmental pollution remediation as well as applications for bioenergy and value-added biomolecule production. An overview of current information about microalgae-based technology and a discussion of the associated hazards and opportunities for the bioeconomy are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piroonporn Srimongkol
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Papassara Sangtanoo
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pajareeya Songserm
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wannapawn Watsuntorn
- Panyapiwat Institute of Management Demonstration School, Pakkred, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Aphichart Karnchanatat
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Aphichart Karnchanatat,
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Update on the application of magnetic fields to microalgal cultures. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:211. [PMID: 36053367 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that any magnetic field (MF) applied to microalgae modifies its cultivation conditions and may favor biomolecule production since it interacts with the microorganisms and affect their growth. As a result, there are changes in concentrations and compositions of biomass and biomolecules. This review aims at updating MF applications to microalga cultures that were reported by studies conducted in the last 5 years. It shows the main studies that reached positive results of carbohydrate, lipid, protein and pigment production. Effects of MFs may be positive, negative or null, depending on some factors, such as intensity, exposure time, physiological state of cells and application devices. Therefore, this review details cultivation conditions used for reaching high concentration of biomolecules, explains the action of MFs on microalgae and describes their applicability to the biorefinery concept.
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Microalgae-Based Biorefineries: Challenges and Future Trends to Produce Carbohydrate Enriched Biomass, High-Added Value Products and Bioactive Compounds. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081146. [PMID: 36009773 PMCID: PMC9405046 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Microalgae-based biorefineries allow the simultaneous production of microalgae biomass enriched in a particular macromolecule and high-added and low-value products if a proper selection of the microalgae species and the cultivation conditions are adequate for the purpose. This review discusses the challenges and future trends related to microalgae-based biorefineries stressing the multi-product approach and the use of raw wastewater or pretreated wastewater to improve the cost-benefit ratio of biomass and products. Emphasis is given to the production of biomass enriched in carbohydrates. Microalgae-bioactive compounds as potential therapeutical and health promoters are also discussed. Future and novel trends following the circular economy strategy are also discussed. Abstract Microalgae have demonstrated a large potential in biotechnology as a source of various macromolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) and high-added value products (pigments, poly-unsaturated fatty acids, peptides, exo-polysaccharides, etc.). The production of biomass at a large scale becomes more economically feasible when it is part of a biorefinery designed within the circular economy concept. Thus, the aim of this critical review is to highlight and discuss challenges and future trends related to the multi-product microalgae-based biorefineries, including both phototrophic and mixotrophic cultures treating wastewater and the recovery of biomass as a source of valuable macromolecules and high-added and low-value products (biofertilizers and biostimulants). The therapeutic properties of some microalgae-bioactive compounds are also discussed. Novel trends such as the screening of species for antimicrobial compounds, the production of bioplastics using wastewater, the circular economy strategy, and the need for more Life Cycle Assessment studies (LCA) are suggested as some of the future research lines.
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Pan Y, Shen Y, Zhang H, Ran X, Xie T, Zhang Y, Yao C. Fine-tuned regulation of photosynthetic performance via γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) supply coupled with high initial cell density culture for economic starch production in microalgae. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:52. [PMID: 38647858 PMCID: PMC10992858 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal starch is considered as renewable and sustainable feedstock for biofuels and biorefinery. High cell density culture is favourable for photoautotrophic starch production in microalgae in the aspects of productivity and economy, but it often encounters low starch content or extra stress exposure that limits the production. This study aimed to economically enhance photosynthetic starch production from CO2 fixation in a green microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis by regulating photosynthetic stress status with a signalling molecule γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) combined with the application of high initial cell density culture. By increasing initial cell density (ICD) from the normal of 1.1 g L-1 (NICD) to as high as 2.8 g L-1 (HICD), the starch content, yield, and theoretical productivity were improved by 7%, 63%, and 42%, respectively. The addition of GABA under HICD resulted in 14%, 19%, and 26% of further enhancement in starch content, yield, and theoretical productivity, respectively. GABA exhibited distinct regulatory mechanisms on photosynthesis and stress status under HICD relative to NICD. GABA augmented excessive light energy absorption and electron transfer through photosystem II that reinforced the photoinhibition under NICD, while alleviated the stress reversely under HICD, both of which facilitated starch production by enabling a suitable stress status while simultaneously maintaining a sufficient photosynthetic activity. The increase of ICD and/or GABA supply particularly boosted amylopectin accumulation, leading to the changes in starch composition and was more favourable for fermentation-based biofuels production. Preliminary techno-economic analysis showed that the highest net extra benefit of 9.64 $ m-3 culture could be obtained under HICD with 2.5 mM GABA supply where high starch content (62%DW) and yield (2.5 g L-1) were achieved. The combined HICD-GABA regulation was a promising strategy for economic starch production from CO2 by microalgae for sustainable biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiuyuan Ran
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Tonghui Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongkui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Changhong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
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15
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Li X, Zhang C, Qu W, Xie P, Xie Y, Chang JS, Ho SH. Role of nitrogen transport for efficient energy conversion potential in low carbon and high nitrogen/phosphorus wastewater by microalgal-bacterial system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:127019. [PMID: 35306129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal-bacterial system (MBS) is potential biotechnology in wastewater treatment because it can remedy defects of conventional processes (e.g., insufficient carbon source and imbalanced elements ratio). However, the mechanisms of nitrogen (N) transport and removal in MBS are still unclear. In this study, it was discovered that MBS was conducive to adsorb NH4+-N and NO3--N through electrical neutralization, while extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) could provide binding sites (e.g., -OH and -CH3) for enhancing N transport and removal. The microalgae-bacteria interaction could accelerate N transport and removal from aqueous solution to cell. More importantly, the microalgal starch biosynthetic metabolism exhibited demonstrating the energy production potential could be boosted via MBS. Overall, the NO3--N and NH4+-N removal efficiencies, and energy yield were 82.28%, 94.15%, and 86.81 kJ/L, respectively, which are better than other relevant studies. Altogether, it is meaningful for revealing the applicability of MBS for treating wastewater and producing energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Chaofan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Wenying Qu
- College of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Peng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Youping Xie
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, PR China
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart and Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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16
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Andrade BB, Cardoso LG, de Souza CO, Druzian JI, Cunha Lima STD. Technological Prospecting: Electroflocculation Harvesting Procedure to Obtain Microalgae Biomass. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2021.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Guimarães Cardoso
- Laboratory of Algae Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira de Souza
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Janice Izabel Druzian
- Bromatological Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Suzana Telles da Cunha Lima
- Bioprospecting and Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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17
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Wang Z, Fan C, Zheng X, Jin Z, Bei K, Zhao M, Kong H. Roles of Surfactants in Oriented Immobilization of Cellulase on Nanocarriers and Multiphase Hydrolysis System. Front Chem 2022; 10:884398. [PMID: 35402378 PMCID: PMC8983819 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.884398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactants, especially non-ionic surfactants, play an important role in the preparation of nanocarriers and can also promote the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. A broad overview of the current status of surfactants on the immobilization of cellulase is provided in this review. In addition, the restricting factors in cellulase immobilization in the complex multiphase hydrolysis system are discussed, including the carrier structure characteristics, solid-solid contact obstacles, external diffusion resistance, limited recycling frequency, and nonproductive combination of enzyme active centers. Furthermore, promising prospects of cellulase-oriented immobilization are proposed, including the hydrophilic-hydrophobic interaction of surfactants and cellulase in the oil-water reaction system, the reversed micelle system of surfactants, and the possible oriented immobilization mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Wang
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunzhen Fan
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangyong Zheng
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhan Jin
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Bei
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hainan Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Ortiz MS, Alvarado JG, Zambrano F, Marquez R. Surfactants produced from carbohydrate derivatives: A review of the biobased building blocks used in their synthesis. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ronald Marquez
- TotalEnergies SE Pôle d'Etudes et de Recherche de Lacq Lacq France
- Laboratoire commun TotalEnergies/ESPCI Paris, Physico‐Chimie des Interfaces Complexes CHEMSTARTUP Lacq France
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19
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Zhu C, Jiang H, Chen Q. Rapid determination of process parameters during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of cassava based on molecular spectral fusion (MSF) features. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 264:120245. [PMID: 34364037 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of cassava is one of the key steps in the production of fuel ethanol. In order to improve the monitoring efficiency of the ethanol production process and the product yield, this study puts forward a new idea for monitoring of the cassava SSF process based on the molecular spectroscopy fusion (MSF) technique. Savisky-Golay (SG) combined with standard normal variable (SNV) was used to preprocess the obtained Raman spectra and near-infrared (NIR) spectra. Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) was used to optimize the characteristic wavelengths of the preprocessed Raman spectra and the NIR spectra, and the optimized features were fused in the feature layer. The support vector machine (SVM) model of the process parameters during the cassava SSF based on the MSF features was established. The experimental results showed that compared with the best CARS-SVM model based on the single-molecule spectral features, the performance of the best CARS-SVM model based on fusion features has been significantly improved. For detection of the glucose content, the RMSEP, RP2 and RPD of the best CARS-SVM model were 5.398, 0.957 and 4.922, respectively. For detection of the ethanol content, the RMSEP, RP2 and RPD of the best CARS-SVM model were 4.394, 0.977 and 6.758, respectively. The obtained results reveal that the combination of MSF technique and appropriate chemometric methods can achieve high-precision quantitative detection of the process parameters during the cassava SSF. This study can provide technical basis and experimental reference for the development of portable spectrometer equipment for process monitoring of the cassava SSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyun Zhu
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, PR China
| | - Hui Jiang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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20
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Aswathi Mohan A, Robert Antony A, Greeshma K, Yun JH, Ramanan R, Kim HS. Algal biopolymers as sustainable resources for a net-zero carbon bioeconomy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126397. [PMID: 34822992 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The era for eco-friendly polymers was ushered by the marine plastic menace and with the discovery of emerging pollutants such as micro-, nano-plastics, and plastic leachates from fossil fuel-based polymers. This review investigates algae-derived natural, carbon neutral polysaccharides and polyesters, their structure, biosynthetic mechanisms, biopolymers and biocomposites production process, followed by biodegradability of the polymers. The review proposes acceleration of research in this promising area to address the need for eco-friendly polymers and to increase the cost-effectiveness of algal biorefineries by coupling biofuel, high-value products, and biopolymer production using waste and wastewater-grown algal biomass. Such a strategy improves overall sustainability by lowering costs and carbon emissions in algal biorefineries, eventually contributing towards the much touted circular, net-zero carbon future economies. Finally, this review analyses the evolution of citation networks, which in turn highlight the emergence of a new frontier of sustainable polymers from algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aswathi Mohan
- Sustainable Resources Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Aiswarya Robert Antony
- Sustainable Resources Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Kozhumal Greeshma
- Sustainable Resources Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Jin-Ho Yun
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Rishiram Ramanan
- Sustainable Resources Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India; Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sik Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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21
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de Carvalho Silvello MA, Severo Gonçalves I, Patrícia Held Azambuja S, Silva Costa S, Garcia Pereira Silva P, Oliveira Santos L, Goldbeck R. Microalgae-based carbohydrates: A green innovative source of bioenergy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126304. [PMID: 34752879 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae contribute significantly to the global carbon cycle through photosynthesis. Given their ability to efficiently convert solar energy and atmospheric carbon dioxide into chemical compounds, such as carbohydrates, and generate oxygen during the process, microalgae represent an excellent and feasible carbohydrate bioresource. Microalgae-based biofuels are technically viable and, delineate a green and innovative field of opportunity for bioenergy exploitation. Microalgal polysaccharides are one of the most versatile groups for biotechnological applications and its content can be increased by manipulating cultivation conditions. Microalgal carbohydrates can be used to produce a variety of biofuels, including bioethanol, biobutanol, biomethane, and biohydrogen. This review provides an overview of microalgal carbohydrates, focusing on their use as feedstock for biofuel production, highlighting the carbohydrate metabolism and approaches for their enhancement. Moreover, biofuels produced from microalgal carbohydrate are showed, in addition to a new bibliometric study of current literature on microalgal carbohydrates and their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Augusta de Carvalho Silvello
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Igor Severo Gonçalves
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Suéllen Patrícia Held Azambuja
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Sharlene Silva Costa
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Garcia Pereira Silva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Lucielen Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Rosana Goldbeck
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil.
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22
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Chandrasekhar K, Raj T, Ramanaiah SV, Kumar G, Banu JR, Varjani S, Sharma P, Pandey A, Kumar S, Kim SH. Algae biorefinery: a promising approach to promote microalgae industry and waste utilization. J Biotechnol 2021; 345:1-16. [PMID: 34954289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have a number of intriguing characteristics that make them a viable raw material aimed at usage in a variety of applications when refined using a bio-refining process. They offer unique capabilities that allow them to be used in biotechnology-related applications. As a result, this review explores how to increase the extent to which microalgae may be integrated with various additional biorefinery uses in order to improve their maintainability. In this study, the use of microalgae as potential animal feed, manure, medicinal, cosmeceutical, ecological, and other biotechnological uses is examined in its entirety. It also includes information on the boundaries, openings, and improvements of microalgae and the possibilities of increasing the range of microalgae through techno-economic analysis. According to the findings of this review, financing supported research and shifting the focus of microalgal investigations from biofuels production to biorefinery co-products can help guarantee that they remain a viable resource. Furthermore, innovation collaboration is unavoidable if one wishes to avoid the high cost of microalgae biomass handling. This review is expected to be useful in identifying the possible role of microalgae in biorefinery applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chandrasekhar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tirath Raj
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - S V Ramanaiah
- Food and Biotechnology Research Lab, South Ural State University (National Research University), 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382 010, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur-440020, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and TranslationalResearch, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur-440020, India
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Kselíková V, Singh A, Bialevich V, Čížková M, Bišová K. Improving microalgae for biotechnology - From genetics to synthetic biology - Moving forward but not there yet. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 58:107885. [PMID: 34906670 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are a diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that can be exploited for the production of different compounds, ranging from crude biomass and biofuels to high value-added biochemicals and synthetic proteins. Traditionally, algal biotechnology relies on bioprospecting to identify new highly productive strains and more recently, on forward genetics to further enhance productivity. However, it has become clear that further improvements in algal productivity for biotechnology is impossible without combining traditional tools with the arising molecular genetics toolkit. We review recent advantages in developing high throughput screening methods, preparing genome-wide mutant libraries, and establishing genome editing techniques. We discuss how algae can be improved in terms of photosynthetic efficiency, biofuel and high value-added compound production. Finally, we critically evaluate developments over recent years and explore future potential in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kselíková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Anjali Singh
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Vitali Bialevich
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Mária Čížková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Bišová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic.
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24
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Use of microalgal lipids and carbohydrates for the synthesis of carbon dots via hydrothermal microwave treatment. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.109021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Silveira CF, Assis LRD, Oliveira APDS, Calijuri ML. Valorization of swine wastewater in a circular economy approach: Effects of hydraulic retention time on microalgae cultivation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:147861. [PMID: 34049147 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To optimize the swine wastewater (SWW) treatment, this study investigated different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) for microalgae cultivation. For this purpose, five pilot-scale reactors operated in semi-continuous flow, with HRTs equal to 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 days were evaluated in terms of SWW polishing and biomass production. The effluent treatment was discussed accompanied by principal component analysis, which allowed identification of causes of variance in the data set, ideal for studies with real effluent and influenced by environmental conditions. All reactors show satisfactory removals of N-NH4+ (91.6-95.3%), COD (15.8-39.9%), DO increment (in average 7.5 mg O2/L) and, only the longest HRT (21 days) was able to remove Ps (21%). The results obtained indicated that a consortium of microalgae and bacteria was developed for all the tested HRTs. On the other hand, HRT = 12 days provided a healthier culture of photosynthesizing organisms (chl-a/VSS = 3.04%). Carbohydrates (20.8-31.3%) and proteins (2.7-16.2%) were the compounds of commercial interest in the highest proportion in the biomass of all reactors, with contents comparable to that of terrestrial crops. Thus, it was suggested a valorization route of these compounds of high added value to return to pig farming, where the nutrients were intended to supplement the swine feed and clarified water for cleaning the pig stalls. Thus, in the circular economy context, this research contributes to water footprint reduction and the sustainability of the pig farming production chain. The economic and environmental analysis of the route is suggested to enable its implementation on a large scale, as well as further technical feasibility research (reactor types, exposure to external environment, evaluation of pathogen removal and animal feed supplementation from SWW microalgae biomass).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Lúcia Calijuri
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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26
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Catone CM, Ripa M, Geremia E, Ulgiati S. Bio-products from algae-based biorefinery on wastewater: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112792. [PMID: 34058450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing resource demand, predicted fossil resources shortage in the near future, and environmental concerns due to the production of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide have motivated the search for alternative 'circular' pathways. Among many options, microalgae have been recently 'revised' as one of the most promising due to their high growth rate (with low land use and without competing with food crops), high tolerance to nutrients and salts stresses and their variability in biochemical composition, in so allowing the supply of a plethora of possible bio-based products such as animal feeds, chemicals and biofuels. The recent raising popularity of Circular Bio-Economy (CBE) further prompted investment in microalgae, especially in combination with wastewater treatment, under the twofold aim of allowing the production of a wide range of bio-based products while bioremediating wastewater. With the aim of discussing the potential bio-products that may be gained from microalgae grown on urban wastewater, this paper presents an overview on microalgae production with particular emphasis on the main microalgae species suitable for growth on wastewater and the obtainable bio-based products from them. By selecting and reviewing 76 articles published in Scopus between 1992 and 2020, a number of interesting aspects, including the selection of algal species suitable for growing on urban wastewater, wastewater pretreatment and algal-bacterial cooperation, were carefully reviewed and discussed in this work. In this review, particular emphasis is placed on understanding of the main mechanisms driving formation of microalgal products (such as biofuels, biogas, etc.) and how they are affected by different environmental factors in selected species. Lastly, the quantitative information gathered from the articles were used to estimate the potential benefits gained from microalgae grown on urban wastewater in Campania Region, a region sometimes criticized for poor wastewater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Catone
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - M Ripa
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - E Geremia
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - S Ulgiati
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy; School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Static Magnetic Fields Effects on Polysaccharides Production by Different Microalgae Strains. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11115299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are able to produce many valuable biomolecules, such as polysaccharides, that presents a large diversity of biochemical structures and functions as antioxidant, antifungal, anticancer, among others. Static magnetic fields (SMF) influence the metabolism of microorganisms and has been shown as an alternative to increase microalgae biomass, yield and compounds production. Especially, some studies have highlighted that SMF application could enhance carbohydrate content. This study aimed to evaluate different conditions of SMF on Spirulina and Chlorella in indoor and outdoor conditions, in order to confirm the influence of SMF on polysaccharides production, evaluating which polysaccharidic fraction could be enhanced by SMF and highlighting a possible modification in EPS composition. Starch from Chlorella and exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Spirulina were quantified and characterized. SMF increased the starch content in Chorella fusca biomass. EPS productions from A. platensis and Spirulina sp. were not significantly increased, and global composition appeared similar to the controls (constituted basically of 80–86% neutral sugars and 13–19% uronic acids). However, the monosaccharide composition analysis revealed a significant modification of composition, i.e., the amount of fucose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose and glucuronic acid was increased, while the glucose content was decreased. SMF application led to significant modification of polysaccharides production and this study demonstrate that combining the outdoor conditions with SMF, the starch content and EPS composition was positively affected.
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Jiang Q, Chen Q, Zhang T, Liu M, Duan S, Sun X. The Antihypertensive Effects and Potential Molecular Mechanism of Microalgal Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Like Peptides: A Mini Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084068. [PMID: 33920763 PMCID: PMC8071128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension causes many deaths worldwide and has shown an increasing trend as a severe non-communicable disease. Conventional antihypertensive drugs inevitably cause side effects, and great efforts have been made to exploit healthier and more-available substitutes. Microalgae have shown great potential in this regard and have been applied in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Some compounds in microalgae have been proven to have antihypertensive effects. Among these natural compounds, peptides from microalgae are promising angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors because an increasing number of peptides show hypertensive effects and ACE inhibitory-like activity. In addition to acting as ACE inhibitors for the treatment of hypertension, these peptides have other probiotic properties, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, that are important for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Numerous studies have revealed the important bioactivities of ACE inhibitors and their mechanisms. This review discusses the antihypertensive effects, structure-activity relationships, molecular docking studies, interaction mechanisms, and other probiotic properties of microalgal ACE inhibitory peptides according to the current research related to microalgae as potential antihypertensive drugs. Possible research directions are proposed. This review contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of microalgal antihypertensive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China; (Q.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Q.C.); (S.D.)
- Guangdong Center for Marine Development Research, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Tongqing Zhang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China; (Q.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Meng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Shunshan Duan
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Q.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Xian Sun
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(75)-67626350
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