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Liu Y, Sun G, Liu J, Lou Y, Zhu J, Wang C. Enzymatic production of diverse N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides employing a novel bifunctional chitinase and its engineered variants. Food Chem 2024; 453:139675. [PMID: 38781901 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Bioproduction of diverse N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides from chitin is of great value. In the study, a novel GH family 18 bifunctional chitinase gene (PsChi82) from Paenibacillus shirakamiensis was identified, expressed and biochemically characterized. PsChi82 was most active at pH 5.0, and 55 °C, and displayed remarkable pH stability with the broad pH range of 3.0-12.0. It showed high chitosanase activity of 10.6 U mg-1 and diverse hydrolysis products of GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)2, GlcN-GlcNAc and (GlcN)2-GlcNAc, which may facilitate comprehensively understanding of structure-function relationships of N-acetyl COSs. Three engineered variants were then expressed and characterized. Among them, PsChi82-CBM26 possessed specific activity of 25.1 U mg-1 against colloidal chitin, which was 2.1 folds higher than that of PsChi82. The diverse N-acetyl COSs were subsequently produced by PsChi82-CBM26 with a sugar content of 23.2 g L-1. These excellent properties may make PsChi82-CBM26 potentially useful for N-acetyl COSs production in the food and chemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin 300222, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangru Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin 300222, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, No.92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimeng Lou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin 300222, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin 300222, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin 300222, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Guo HZ, Wang D, Yang HT, Wu YL, Li YC, Xia GH, Zhang XY. Heterologous Expression and Characterization of a pH-Stable Chitinase from Micromonospora aurantiaca with a Potential Application in Chitin Degradation. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:287. [PMID: 38921598 PMCID: PMC11204758 DOI: 10.3390/md22060287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
To promote the bioconversion of marine chitin waste into value-added products, we expressed a novel pH-stable Micromonospora aurantiaca-derived chitinase, MaChi1, in Escherichia coli and subsequently purified, characterized, and evaluated it for its chitin-converting capacity. Our results indicated that MaChi1 is of the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 18 with a molecular weight of approximately 57 kDa, consisting of a GH18 catalytic domain and a cellulose-binding domain. We recorded its optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 55 °C. It exhibited excellent stability in a wide pH range of 3.0-10.0. Mg2+ (5 mM), and dithiothreitol (10 mM) significantly promoted MaChi1 activity. MaChi1 exhibited broad substrate specificity and hydrolyzed chitin, chitosan, cellulose, soluble starch, and N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides with polymerization degrees ranging from three to six. Moreover, MaChi1 exhibited an endo-type cleavage pattern, and it could efficiently convert colloidal chitin into N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and (GlcNAc)2 with yields of 227.2 and 505.9 mg/g chitin, respectively. Its high chitin-degrading capacity and exceptional pH tolerance makes it a promising tool with potential applications in chitin waste treatment and bioactive oligosaccharide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Zhong Guo
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, National R&D Branch Center for Prawn Processing Technology (Haikou), School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.-Z.G.); (D.W.); (H.-T.Y.); (Y.-L.W.); (Y.-C.L.); (G.-H.X.)
| | - Dou Wang
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, National R&D Branch Center for Prawn Processing Technology (Haikou), School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.-Z.G.); (D.W.); (H.-T.Y.); (Y.-L.W.); (Y.-C.L.); (G.-H.X.)
| | - Hui-Ting Yang
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, National R&D Branch Center for Prawn Processing Technology (Haikou), School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.-Z.G.); (D.W.); (H.-T.Y.); (Y.-L.W.); (Y.-C.L.); (G.-H.X.)
| | - Yu-Le Wu
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, National R&D Branch Center for Prawn Processing Technology (Haikou), School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.-Z.G.); (D.W.); (H.-T.Y.); (Y.-L.W.); (Y.-C.L.); (G.-H.X.)
| | - Yong-Cheng Li
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, National R&D Branch Center for Prawn Processing Technology (Haikou), School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.-Z.G.); (D.W.); (H.-T.Y.); (Y.-L.W.); (Y.-C.L.); (G.-H.X.)
| | - Guang-Hua Xia
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, National R&D Branch Center for Prawn Processing Technology (Haikou), School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.-Z.G.); (D.W.); (H.-T.Y.); (Y.-L.W.); (Y.-C.L.); (G.-H.X.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xue-Ying Zhang
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Seafood Processing of Haikou, National R&D Branch Center for Prawn Processing Technology (Haikou), School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.-Z.G.); (D.W.); (H.-T.Y.); (Y.-L.W.); (Y.-C.L.); (G.-H.X.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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3
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Wan K, Buitrago S, Cheng B, Zhang W, Pan R. Analysis of chitinase gene family in barley and function study of HvChi22 involved in drought tolerance. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:731. [PMID: 38869677 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitinase (Chi) is a pathogenesis-related protein, also reported to play an important role in plant responses to abiotic stress. However, its role in response to abiotic stress in barley is still unclear. RESULTS In this study, a total of 61 Chi gene family members were identified from the whole genome of wild barley EC_S1. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that these family genes were divided into five groups. Among these genes, four pairs of collinearity genes were discovered. Besides, abundant cis-regulatory elements, including drought response element and abscisic acid response element were identified in the promoter regions of HvChi gene family members. The expression profiles revealed that most HvChi family members were significantly up-regulated under drought stress, which was also validated by RT-qPCR measurements. To further explore the role of Chi under drought stress, HvChi22 was overexpressed in Arabidopsis. Compared to wild-type plants, overexpression of HvChi22 enhanced drought tolerance by increasing the activity of oxidative protective enzymes, which caused less MDA accumulation. CONCLUSION Our study improved the understanding of the Chi gene family under drought stress in barley, and provided a theoretical basis for crop improvement strategies to address the challenges posed by changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wan
- Research Center of Crop Stresses Resistance Technologies/ MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Sebastian Buitrago
- Research Center of Crop Stresses Resistance Technologies/ MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Bingyun Cheng
- Research Center of Crop Stresses Resistance Technologies/ MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Research Center of Crop Stresses Resistance Technologies/ MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
| | - Rui Pan
- Research Center of Crop Stresses Resistance Technologies/ MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
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Kumari R, Kumar M, Dadheech PK, Vivekanand V, Pareek N. Response surface optimization, purification, characterization and short-chain chitooligosaccharides production from an acidic, thermostable chitinase from Thermomyces dupontii. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131362. [PMID: 38583843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Chitin, recovered in huge amounts from coastal waste, may biocatalytically valorized for utilization in food and biotech sectors. Conventional chemical-based conversion makes use of significant volumes of hazardous acid and alkali. Alternatively, enzymes offer better process control and generation of homogeneous products. Process variables were derived to achieve augmented levels of chitinase (3.8809 Ul-1 h-1) productivity from a novel thermophilic fungal strain Thermomyces dupontii, ITCC 9104 following incubation (96 h, 45 °C). An acidic thermostable chitinase TdChiT having molecular mass of 60 kDa has been purified. Optimal TdChiT activity has been demonstrated at 70 °C and pH 5. Notably decreased activity over a broad range of temperature and pH was observed following deglycosylation. Half-life, activation energy, Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy for denaturation of TdChiT at its optimum temperature were 197.40 min, 105.48 kJ mol-1, 100.59 kJ mol-1, 102.64 kJ mol-1 and 5.95 J mol-1 K-1. TdChiT has specificity towards colloidal chitin and (GlcNAc)2-4. Metal ions viz. Mn2+, Ca2+ and Co2+ and nonionic surfactants notably enhanced chitinase activity. Thin layer chromatography analysis has revealed effective hydrolysis of colloidal chitin and (GlcNAc)2-4. TdChiT may potentially be employed for design of better, eco-friendly and less resource-intensive industrial procedures for upcycling of crustacean waste into value-added organonitrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305801, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305801, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pawan K Dadheech
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305801, Rajasthan, India
| | - V Vivekanand
- Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nidhi Pareek
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305801, Rajasthan, India.
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Ma J, Jiang Z, Yan Q, Lv A, Li Y, Yang S. Structural and functional analysis of SpGlu64A: a novel glycoside hydrolase family 64 laminaripentaose-producing β-1,3-glucanase from Streptomyces pratensis. FEBS J 2024; 291:2009-2022. [PMID: 38380733 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Laminaripentaose (L5)-producing β-1,3-glucanases can preferentially cleave the triple-helix curdlan into β-1,3-glucooligosaccharides, especially L5. In this study, a newly identified member of the glycoside hydrolase family 64, β-1,3-glucanase from Streptomyces pratensis (SpGlu64A), was functionally and structurally characterized. SpGlu64A shared highest identity (30%) with a β-1,3-glucanase from Streptomyces matensis. The purified SpGlu64A showed maximal activity at pH 7.5 and 50 °C, and exhibited strict substrate specificity toward curdlan (83.1 U·mg-1). It efficiently hydrolyzed curdlan to produce L5 as the end product. The overall structure of SpGlu64A consisted of a barrel domain and a mixed (α/β) domain, which formed an unusually wide groove with a crescent-like structure. In the two complex structures (SpGlu64A-L3 and SpGlu64A-L4), two oligosaccharide chains were captured and the triple-helical structure was relatively compatible with the wide groove, which suggested the possibility of binding to the triple-helical β-1,3-glucan. A catalytic framework (β6-β9-β10) and the steric hindrance formed by the side chains of residues Y161, N163, and H393 in the catalytic groove were predicted to complete the exotype-like cleavage manner. On the basis of the structure, a fusion protein with the CBM56 domain (SpGlu64A-CBM) and a mutant (Y161F; by site-directed mutation) were obtained, with 1.2- and 1.7-fold increases in specific activity, respectively. Moreover, the combined expression of SpGlu64A-CBM and -Y161F improved the enzyme activity by 2.63-fold. The study will not only be helpful in understanding the reaction mechanism of β-1,3-glucanases but will also provide a basis for further enzyme engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, China
| | - Ang Lv
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Wang L, Xue M, Yan R, Xue J, Lu Z, Wen C. Insights into Chitin-Degradation Potential of Shewanella khirikhana JW44 with Emphasis on Characterization and Function of a Chitinase Gene SkChi65. Microorganisms 2024; 12:774. [PMID: 38674717 PMCID: PMC11052142 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitin, a polymer of β-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), can be degraded into valuable oligosaccharides by various chitinases. In this study, the genome of Shewanella khirikhana JW44, displaying remarkable chitinolytic activity, was investigated to understand its chitin-degradation potential. A chitinase gene SkChi65 from this strain was then cloned, expressed, and purified to characterize its enzymatic properties and substrate hydrolysis. Genome analysis showed that, of the 14 genes related to chitin utilization in JW44, six belonged to glycoside hydrolase (GH) families because of their functional domains for chitin binding and catalysis. The recombinant chitinase SkChi65, consisting of 1129 amino acids, was identified as a member of the GH18 family and possessed two chitin-binding domains with a typical motif of [A/N]KWWT[N/S/Q] and one catalytic domain with motifs of DxxDxDxE, SxGG, YxR, and [E/D]xx[V/I]. SkChi65 was heterologously expressed as an active protein of 139.95 kDa best at 37 °C with 1.0 mM isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside induction for 6 h. Purified SkChi65 displayed high stability over the ranges of 30-50 °C and pH 5.5-8.0 with optima at 40 °C and pH 7.0. The kinetic parameters Km, Vmax, and kcat of SkChi65 towards colloidal chitin were 27.2 μM, 299.2 μMs-1, and 10,203 s-1, respectively. In addition to colloidal chitin, SkChi65 showed high activity towards glycol chitosan and crystalline chitin. After analysis by thin-layer chromatography, the main products were N,N'-diacetylchitobiose, and GlcNAc with (GlcNAc)2-6 used as substrates. Collectively, SkChi65 could exhibit both exo- and endochitinase activities towards diverse substrates, and strain JW44 has a high potential for industrial application with an excellent capacity for chitin bioconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ming Xue
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jiawei Xue
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhipeng Lu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chongqing Wen
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Subramani AK, Ramachandra R, Thote S, Govindaraj V, Vanzara P, Raval R, Raval K. Engineering a recombinant chitinase from the marine bacterium Bacillus aryabhattai with targeted activity on insoluble crystalline chitin for chitin oligomer production. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130499. [PMID: 38462115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Chitin, an abundant polysaccharide in India, is primary by-product of the seafood industry. Efficiently converting chitin into valuable products is crucial. Chitinase, transforms chitin into chitin oligomers, holds significant industrial potential. However, the crystalline and insoluble nature of chitin makes the conversion process challenging. In this study, a recombinant chitinase from marine bacteria Bacillus aryabhattai was developed. This enzyme exhibits activity against insoluble chitin substrates, chitin powder and flakes. The chitinase gene was cloned into the pET 23a plasmid and transformed into E. coli Rosetta pLysS. IPTG induction was employed to express chitinase, and purification using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Optimal chitinase activity against colloidal chitin was observed in Tris buffer at pH 8, temperature 55°C, with the presence of 400 mM sodium chloride. Enzyme kinetics studies revealed a Vmax of 2000 μmole min-1 and a Km of 4.6 mg mL-1. The highest chitinase activity against insoluble chitin powder and flakes reached 875 U mg-1 and 625 U mg-1, respectively. The chitinase demonstrated inhibition of Candida albicans, Fusarium solani, and Penicillium chrysogenum growth. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and LC-MS analysis confirmed the production of chitin oligomers, chitin trimer, tetramer, pentamer, and hexamer, from chitin powder and flakes using recombinant chitinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Subramani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Karnataka 575025, India
| | - Reshma Ramachandra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Karnataka 575025, India
| | - Sachin Thote
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Karnataka 575025, India
| | - Vishnupriya Govindaraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Karnataka 575025, India
| | - Piyush Vanzara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vyavasayi Vidya Pratishthan Engineering College, Rajkot, Gujarat 360005, India
| | - Ritu Raval
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Karnataka 576104, India.
| | - Keyur Raval
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Karnataka 575025, India.
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Zhang G, Jiao Y, Zhao Z, Chen Q, Wang Z, Zhu J, Lv N, Sun G. Genome-Wide and Expression Pattern Analysis of the HIT4 Gene Family Uncovers the Involvement of GHHIT4_4 in Response to Verticillium Wilt in Gossypium hirsutum. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:348. [PMID: 38540407 PMCID: PMC10970331 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodelers are essential for regulating plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stresses. HIT4 (HEAT-INTOLERANT 4) is a novel stress-induced chromatin remodeling factor that has been less studied in abiotic stress and stress resistance, particularly in cotton. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the members of the HIT4 gene family in Gossypium hirsutum using bioinformatics methods, including phylogenetic relationships, gene organization, transcription profiles, phylogenetic connections, selection pressure, and stress response. A total of 18 HIT4 genes were identified in four cotton species, with six HIT4 gene members in upland cotton. Based on the evolutionary relationships shown in the phylogenetic tree, the 18 HIT4 protein sequences were classified into four distinct subgroups. Furthermore, we conducted chromosome mapping to determine the genomic locations of these genes and visually represented the structural characteristics of HIT4 in G. hirsutum. In addition, we predicted the regulatory elements in HIT4 in G. hirsutum and conducted an analysis of repetitive sequences and gene collinearity among HIT4 in four cotton species. Moreover, we calculated the Ka/Ks ratio for homologous genes to assess the selection pressure acting on HIT4. Using RNA-seq, we explored the expression patterns of HIT4 genes in G. hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we found that GHHIT4_4 belonged to the MEblue module, which was mainly enriched in pathways such as DNA replication, phagosome, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, steroid biosynthesis, and starch and sucrose metabolism. This module may regulate the mechanism of upland cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt through DNA replication, phagosome, and various metabolic pathways. In addition, we performed heterologous overexpression of GH_D11G0591 (GHHIT4_4) in tobacco, and the results showed a significant reduction in disease index compared to the wild type, with higher expression levels of disease resistance genes in the transgenic tobacco. After conducting a VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing) experiment in cotton, the results indicated that silencing GHHIT4_4 had a significant impact, the resistance to Verticillium wilt weakened, and the internode length of the plants significantly decreased by 30.7% while the number of true leaves increased by 41.5%. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that GHHIT4_4 mainly enhanced cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt by indirectly regulating the PAL, 4CL, and CHI genes. The subcellular localization results revealed that GHHIT4_4 was predominantly distributed in the mitochondria and nucleus. This study offers preliminary evidence for the involvement of the GHHIT4_4 in cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt and lays the foundation for further research on the disease resistance mechanism of this gene in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation, 221 Wuyi Highway, Shihezi 832000, China; (G.Z.)
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi 830052, China; (Y.J.)
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Group Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Enhancement and Gene Resources Utilization, Shehezi 832000, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi 830052, China; (Y.J.)
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Group Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Enhancement and Gene Resources Utilization, Shehezi 832000, China
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation, 221 Wuyi Highway, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhao
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Group Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Enhancement and Gene Resources Utilization, Shehezi 832000, China
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation, 221 Wuyi Highway, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Quanjia Chen
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi 830052, China; (Y.J.)
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation, 221 Wuyi Highway, Shihezi 832000, China; (G.Z.)
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Group Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Enhancement and Gene Resources Utilization, Shehezi 832000, China
| | - Jincheng Zhu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation, 221 Wuyi Highway, Shihezi 832000, China; (G.Z.)
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Group Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Enhancement and Gene Resources Utilization, Shehezi 832000, China
| | - Ning Lv
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation, 221 Wuyi Highway, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Guoqing Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Guan F, Tian X, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Wu N, Sun J, Zhang H, Tu T, Luo H, Yao B, Tian J, Huang H. Enhancing the endo-activity of the thermophilic chitinase to yield chitooligosaccharides with high degrees of polymerization. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:29. [PMID: 38647930 PMCID: PMC10991111 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00735-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic endo-chitinases are essential for production of highly polymerized chitooligosaccharides, which are advantageous for plant immunity, animal nutrition and health. However, thermophilic endo-chitinases are scarce and the transformation from exo- to endo-activity of chitinases is still a challenging problem. In this study, to enhance the endo-activity of the thermophilic chitinase Chi304, we proposed two approaches for rational design based on comprehensive structural and evolutionary analyses. Four effective single-point mutants were identified among 28 designed mutations. The ratio of (GlcNAc)3 to (GlcNAc)2 quantity (DP3/2) in the hydrolysates of the four single-point mutants undertaking colloidal chitin degradation were 1.89, 1.65, 1.24, and 1.38 times that of Chi304, respectively. When combining to double-point mutants, the DP3/2 proportions produced by F79A/W140R, F79A/M264L, F79A/W272R, and M264L/W272R were 2.06, 1.67, 1.82, and 1.86 times that of Chi304 and all four double-point mutants exhibited enhanced endo-activity. When applied to produce chitooligosaccharides (DP ≥ 3), F79A/W140R accumulated the most (GlcNAc)4, while M264L/W272R was the best to produce (GlcNAc)3, which was 2.28 times that of Chi304. The two mutants had exposed shallower substrate-binding pockets and stronger binding abilities to shape the substrate. Overall, this research offers a practical approach to altering the cutting pattern of a chitinase to generate functional chitooligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Guan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tian
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Ruohan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Ningfeng Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jilu Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Honglian Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tao Tu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiying Luo
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bin Yao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian Tian
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Huoqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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10
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Wang M, Li H, Li J, Zhang W, Zhang J. Streptomyces Strains and Their Metabolites for Biocontrol of Phytopathogens in Agriculture. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2077-2088. [PMID: 38230633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable agriculture is increasingly linked to biological pesticides as alternatives to agro-chemicals. Streptomyces species suppress plant diseases through their unique traits and numerous metabolites. Although many Streptomyces strains have been developed into commercial products, their roles in the biocontrol of phytopathogens and mechanisms of functional metabolite synthesis remain poorly understood. In this review, biocontrol of plant diseases by Streptomyces is summarized on the basis of classification of fungal and bacterial diseases and secondary metabolites produced by Streptomyces that act on phytopathogenic microorganisms are discussed. The associated non-ribosomal peptide synthetases and polyketide synthetases responsible for biosynthesis of these secondary metabolites are also investigated, and advances in fermentation of Streptomyces are described. Finally, the need to develop precise and effective biocontrol methods for plant diseases is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglin Li
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Wujin Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
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11
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Zhao S, Liu M, Sun X, Jiang X, Li Y, Wu X, Wang L. Engineering the Relatively Conserved Residues in Active Site Architecture of Thermophilic Chitinase SsChi18A Enhanced Catalytic Activity. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:238-247. [PMID: 38116793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Chitinase plays a vital role in the efficient biotransformation of the chitin substrate. This study aimed to modify and elucidate the contribution of the relatively conserved residues in the active site architecture of a thermophilic chitinase SsChi18A from Streptomyces sp. F-3 in processive catalysis. The enzymatic activity on colloidal chitin increased to 151%, 135%, and 129% in variants Y286W, E287A, and K186A compared with the wild type (WT). Also, the apparent processive parameter G2/G1 was lower in the variants compared to the WT, indicating the essential role of Tyr-286, Glu-287, and Lys-186 in processive catalysis. Additionally, the enzymatic activity on the crystalline chitin of F48W and double mutants F48W/Y209F and F48W/Y286W increased by 35%, 16%, and 36% compared with that for WT. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the driving force of processive catalysis might be related to the changes in interaction energy. This study provided a rational design strategy targeting relatively conserved residues to enhance the catalytic activity of GH18 processive chitinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xukai Jiang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
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12
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Song Y, Liu X, Feng S, Zhao K, Qi Z, Wu W, Xiao J, Xu H, Ran M, Qin B. Discovery, Identification, and Insecticidal Activity of an Aspergillus flavus Strain Isolated from a Saline-Alkali Soil Sample. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2788. [PMID: 38004799 PMCID: PMC10673062 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aphids are one of the most destructive pests in agricultural production. In addition, aphids are able to easily develop resistance to chemical insecticides due to their rapid reproduction and short generation periods. To explore an effective and environmentally friendly aphid control strategy, we isolated and examined a fungus with aphid-parasitizing activity. The strain (YJNfs21.11) was identified as Aspergillus flavus by ITS, 28S, and BenA gene sequence analysis. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the infection hyphae of 'YJNfs21.11' colonized and penetrated the aphid epidermal layer and subsequently colonized the body cavity. Field experiments showed that 'YJNfs21.11' and its fermentation products exerted considerable control on aphids, with a corrected efficacy of 96.87%. The lipase, protease, and chitinase secreted by fungi help aphid cuticle degradation, thus assisting spores in completing the infection process. Additionally, changes were observed in the mobility and physical signs of aphids, with death occurring within 60 h of infection. Our results demonstrate that A. flavus 'YJNfs21.11' exhibits considerable control on Aphis gossypii Glover and Hyalopterus arundimis Fabricius, making it a suitable biological control agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Song
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (K.Z.); (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.R.)
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (K.Z.); (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.R.)
| | - Shirong Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (K.Z.); (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.R.)
| | - Kangbo Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (K.Z.); (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.R.)
| | - Zhijun Qi
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Z.Q.); (W.W.)
| | - Wenjun Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Z.Q.); (W.W.)
- Institute of Pesticides, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (K.Z.); (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.R.)
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (K.Z.); (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.R.)
| | - Mingwei Ran
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (K.Z.); (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.R.)
| | - Baofu Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (K.Z.); (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.R.)
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13
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Wang J, Zhu M, Wang P, Chen W. Biochemical Properties of a Cold-Active Chitinase from Marine Trichoderma gamsii R1 and Its Application to Preparation of Chitin Oligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:332. [PMID: 37367657 DOI: 10.3390/md21060332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic degradation of different chitin polymers into chitin oligosaccharides (COSs) is of great significance given their better solubility and various biological applications. Chitinase plays a pivotal role in the enzymatic preparation of COSs. Herein, a cold-adapted and efficient chitinase (ChiTg) from the marine Trichoderma gamsii R1 was purified and characterized. The optimal temperature of ChiTg was 40 °C, and the relative activity at 5 °C was above 40.1%. Meanwhile, ChiTg was active and stable from pH 4.0 to 7.0. As an endo-type chitinase, ChiTg exhibited the highest activity with colloidal chitin, then with ball-milled and powdery chitin. In addition, ChiTg showed high efficiency when hydrolyzing colloidal chitin at different temperatures, and the end products were mainly composed of COSs with one to three degrees of polymerization. Furthermore, the results of bioinformatics analysis revealed that ChiTg belongs to the GH18 family, and its acidic surface and the flexible structure of its catalytic site may contribute to its high activity in cold conditions. The results of this study provide a cold-active and efficient chitinase and ideas for its application regarding the preparation of COSs from colloidal chitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Wang
- Shenzhen Raink Ecology & Environment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518102, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mujin Zhu
- Shenzhen Raink Ecology & Environment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518102, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shenzhen Raink Ecology & Environment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518102, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shenzhen Raink Ecology & Environment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518102, China
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14
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Xing A, Hu Y, Wang W, Secundo F, Xue C, Mao X. A novel microbial-derived family 19 endochitinase with exochitinase activity and its immobilization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3565-3578. [PMID: 37103491 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel chitinase gene of 888 bp from Streptomyces bacillaris was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The purified recombinant enzyme (SbChiAJ103) was identified as the first microbial-derived family 19 endochitinase that showed exochitinase activity. SbChiAJ103 exhibited the substrate preference for N-acetylchitooligosaccharides with even degrees of polymerization and the capability to specifically hydrolyze colloidal chitin into (GlcNAc)2. Mono-methyl adipate was employed as a novel linker for the efficient covalent immobilization of chitinase on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The immobilized SbChiAJ103, SbChiAJ103@MNPs, exhibited superior pH tolerance, temperature stability, and storage stability than free SbChiAJ103. Even after incubation at 45 °C for 24 h, SbChiAJ103@MNPs could retain more than 60.0% initial activity. As a result, the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of SbChiAJ103@MNPs increased to 1.58 times that of free SbChiAJ103. Moreover, SbChiAJ103@MNPs could be reused by convenient magnetic separation. After 10 recycles, SbChiAJ103@MNPs could retain almost 80.0% of its initial activity. The immobilization of the novel chitinase SbChiAJ103 paves the way to the efficient and eco-friendly commercial production of (GlcNAc)2. KEY POINTS: • The first microbial GH19 endochitinase with exochitinase activity was reported. • Mono-methyl adipate was first employed to immobilize chitinase. • SbChiAJ103@MNPs showed excellent pH stability, thermal stability, and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijia Xing
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, China
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", CNR, v. Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Changhu Xue
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
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15
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Functional characterization of N-acetyl glucosaminidase from Myrothecium verrucaria for bio-control of plant pathogenic fungi and bio-production of N-acetyl glucosamine. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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16
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Synergic chitin degradation by Streptomyces sp. SCUT-3 chitinases and their applications in chitinous waste recycling and pathogenic fungi biocontrol. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:987-996. [PMID: 36403764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The genus Streptomyces comprises the most important chitin decomposers in soil and revealing their chitinolytic machinery is beneficial for the conversion of chitinous wastes. Streptomyces sp. SCUT-3, a chitin-hydrolyzing and a robust feather-degrading bacterium, was isolated previously. The potential chitin-degrading enzymes produced by SCUT-3 were analyzed in the present study. Among these enzymes, three chitinases were successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris at comparatively high yields of 4.8 U/mL (SsExoChi18A), 11.2 U/mL (SsExoChi18B), and 17.8 U/mL (SsEndoChi19). Conserved motifs and constructive 3D structures of these three exo- and endochitinases were also analyzed. These chitinases hydrolyzed colloidal chitin to chitin oligomers. SsExoChi18A showed apparent synergic effects with SsEndoChi19 in colloidal chitin and shrimp shell hydrolysis, with an improvement of 29.3 % and 124.9 %, respectively. Compared with SsExoChi18B and SsEndoChi19, SsExoChi18A exhibited the strongest antifungal effects against four plant pathogens by inhibiting mycelial growth and spore germination. This study provided good candidates for chitinous waste-processing enzymes and antifungal biocontrol agents. These synergic chitin-degrading enzymes of SCUT-3 are good targets for its further genetical modification to construct super chitinous waste-degrading bacteria with strong abilities to hydrolyze both protein and chitin, thereby providing a direction for the future path of the chitinous waste recycling industry.
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17
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Bacterial chitinases: genetics, engineering and applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:252. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Shimizu M, Naznin HA, Hieno A. The Significance of Mycoparasitism by Streptomyces sp. MBCN152-1 for Its Biocontrol Activity against Alternaria brassicicola. Microbes Environ 2022; 37. [PMID: 36104185 PMCID: PMC9530718 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me22048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces sp. strain MBCN152-1, isolated from cabbage, has potential as a biocontrol agent for Alternaria brassicicola on cabbage seedlings. The present study examined its mode of action. Light microscopy showed that appressorium formation by A. brassicicola was significantly suppressed on cabbage seedlings bacterized with MBCN152-1. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy revealed that the mycelia of MBCN152-1, which were epiphytically growing on the cotyledon leaves of cabbage seedlings, intensively coiled around the germinating conidia of A. brassicicola. In vitro co-culture experiments demonstrated that MBCN152-1 is an aggressive mycoparasite of A. brassicicola, but not of A. brassicae or Colletotrichum higginsianum. Biocontrol experiments indicated that MBCN152-1 did not control diseases caused by A. brassicae or C. higginsianum. These results suggest that mycoparasitism is the primary mode of action for MBCN152-1. This is the first study to clearly demonstrate the significance of mycoparasitism in the biocontrol efficacy of endophytic Streptomyces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Shimizu
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Hushna Ara Naznin
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Ayaka Hieno
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University
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19
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Pang F, Solanki MK, Wang Z. Streptomyces can be an excellent plant growth manager. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:193. [PMID: 35980475 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces, the most abundant and arguably the most important genus of actinomycetes, is an important source of biologically active compounds such as antibiotics, and extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. Since Streptomyces can have a beneficial symbiotic relationship with plants they can contribute to nutrition, health and fitness of the latter. This review article summarizes recent research contributions on the ability of Streptomyces to promote plant growth and improve plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress responses, as well as on the consequences, on plant health, of the enrichment of rhizospheric soils in Streptomyces species. This review summarizes the most recent reports of the contribution of Streptomyces to plant growth, health and fitness and suggests future research directions to promote the use of these bacteria for the development of a cleaner agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Pang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China
| | - Manoj Kumar Solanki
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-701, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China.
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20
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Characterization of chitinase from Exiguobacterium antarcticum and its bioconversion of crayfish shell into chitin oligosaccharides. Food Res Int 2022; 158:111517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Antifungal Agent Chitooligosaccharides Derived from Solid-State Fermentation of Shrimp Shell Waste by Pseudonocardia antitumoralis 18D36-A1. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Shrimp shell waste is a potential source of the biopolymer chitin. Through fermentation, chitin can be converted into its derivative products. This study aimed to isolate and characterize the products of the biodegradation of chitin from shrimp shell waste through a solid-state fermentation process using actinomycetes. Actinomycete isolates were obtained from tunicate marine biota collected from the waters of Buleleng, Bali, using a dilution technique on 1% chitin colloid agar medium. The isolated actinomycetes were cultivated on a shrimp shell waste medium for 7 days, and then the products of the biodegradation of the oligomers were extracted using water. The extracts of the biodegradation products of the shrimp shells were isolated through several chromatographic steps and analyzed using LC–MS–MS, and the bioactivity of the biodegradation products against fungi was tested. The morphological observations and phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate 18D36-A1 was a rare actinomycete with the proposed name Pseudonocardia antitumoralis 18D36-A1. The results of the analysis using TLC showed that the solid-state fermented water isolate 18D36-A1 produced several oligomeric components. These results indicate that the isolate 18D36-A1 was able to convert chitin into chitooligosaccharides. Further isolation of the extract produced the active fraction D36A1C38, which can inhibit the growth of fungi by 74% at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. This initial information is very important for further studies related to the development of a solid-state fermentation process for obtaining bioactive compounds from shrimp shell waste.
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22
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Fatima I, Hakim S, Imran A, Ahmad N, Imtiaz M, Ali H, Islam EU, Yousaf S, Mirza MS, Mubeen F. Exploring biocontrol and growth-promoting potential of multifaceted PGPR isolated from natural suppressive soil against the causal agent of chickpea wilt. Microbiol Res 2022; 260:127015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Identification and Characterization of Three Chitinases with Potential in Direct Conversion of Crystalline Chitin into N,N′-diacetylchitobiose. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030165. [PMID: 35323464 PMCID: PMC8950537 DOI: 10.3390/md20030165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COSs) have been widely used in agriculture, medicine, cosmetics, and foods, which are commonly prepared from chitin with chitinases. So far, while most COSs are prepared from colloidal chitin, chitinases used in preparing COSs directly from natural crystalline chitin are less reported. Here, we characterize three chitinases, which were identified from the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra DSM 14401T, with an ability to degrade crystalline chitin into (GlcNAc)2 (N,N’-diacetylchitobiose). Strain DSM 14401 can degrade the crystalline α-chitin in the medium to provide nutrients for growth. Genome and secretome analyses indicate that this strain secretes six chitinolytic enzymes, among which chitinases Chia4287, Chib0431, and Chib0434 have higher abundance than the others, suggesting their importance in crystalline α-chitin degradation. These three chitinases were heterologously expressed, purified, and characterized. They are all active on crystalline α-chitin, with temperature optima of 45–50 °C and pH optima of 7.0–7.5. They are all stable at 40 °C and in the pH range of 5.0–11.0. Moreover, they all have excellent salt tolerance, retaining more than 92% activity after incubation in 5 M NaCl for 10 h at 4 °C. When acting on crystalline α-chitin, the main products of the three chitinases are all (GlcNAc)2, which suggests that chitinases Chia4287, Chib0431, and Chib0434 likely have potential in direct conversion of crystalline chitin into (GlcNAc)2.
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Poria V, Rana A, Kumari A, Grewal J, Pranaw K, Singh S. Current Perspectives on Chitinolytic Enzymes and Their Agro-Industrial Applications. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1319. [PMID: 34943233 PMCID: PMC8698876 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases are a large and diversified category of enzymes that break down chitin, the world's second most prevalent polymer after cellulose. GH18 is the most studied family of chitinases, even though chitinolytic enzymes come from a variety of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families. Most of the distinct GH families, as well as the unique structural and catalytic features of various chitinolytic enzymes, have been thoroughly explored to demonstrate their use in the development of tailor-made chitinases by protein engineering. Although chitin-degrading enzymes may be found in plants and other organisms, such as arthropods, mollusks, protozoans, and nematodes, microbial chitinases are a promising and sustainable option for industrial production. Despite this, the inducible nature, low titer, high production expenses, and susceptibility to severe environments are barriers to upscaling microbial chitinase production. The goal of this study is to address all of the elements that influence microbial fermentation for chitinase production, as well as the purifying procedures for attaining high-quality yield and purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Poria
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendargarh 123031, India; (V.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Anuj Rana
- Department of Microbiology (COBS & H), CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India;
| | - Arti Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendargarh 123031, India; (V.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Jasneet Grewal
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, 102-096 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (K.P.)
| | - Kumar Pranaw
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, 102-096 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (K.P.)
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendargarh 123031, India; (V.P.); (A.K.)
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Kim SK, Park JE, Oh JM, Kim H. Molecular Characterization of Four Alkaline Chitinases from Three Chitinolytic Bacteria Isolated from a Mudflat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312822. [PMID: 34884628 PMCID: PMC8658002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Four chitinases were cloned and characterized from three strains isolated from a mudflat: Aeromonas sp. SK10, Aeromonas sp. SK15, and Chitinibacter sp. SK16. In SK10, three genes, Chi18A, Pro2K, and Chi19B, were found as a cluster. Chi18A and Chi19B were chitinases, and Pro2K was a metalloprotease. With combinatorial amplification of the genes and analysis of the hydrolysis patterns of substrates, Chi18A and Chi19B were found to be an endochitinase and exochitinase, respectively. Chi18A and Chi19B belonged to the glycosyl hydrolase family 18 (GH18) and GH19, with 869 and 659 amino acids, respectively. Chi18C from SK15 belonged to GH18 with 864 amino acids, and Chi18D from SK16 belonged to GH18 with 664 amino acids. These four chitinases had signal peptides and high molecular masses with one or two chitin-binding domains and, interestingly, preferred alkaline conditions. In the activity staining, their sizes were determined to be 96, 74, 95, and 73 kDa, respectively, corresponding to their expected sizes. Purified Chi18C and Chi18D after pET expression produced N,N′-diacetylchitobiose as the main product in hydrolyzing chitooligosaccharides and colloidal chitin. These results suggest that Chi18A, Chi18C, and Chi18D are endochitinases, that Chi19B is an exochitinase, and that these chitinases can be effectively used for hydrolyzing natural chitinous sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kyum Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Jong Eun Park
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (J.E.P.); (J.M.O.)
| | - Jong Min Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (J.E.P.); (J.M.O.)
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (J.E.P.); (J.M.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-750-3751
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Bai L, Kim J, Son KH, Chung CW, Shin DH, Ku BH, Kim DY, Park HY. Novel Bi-Modular GH19 Chitinase with Broad pH Stability from a Fibrolytic Intestinal Symbiont of Eisenia fetida, Cellulosimicrobium funkei HY-13. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111735. [PMID: 34827733 PMCID: PMC8615386 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endo-type chitinase is the principal enzyme involved in the breakdown of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-based oligomeric and polymeric materials through hydrolysis. The gene (966-bp) encoding a novel endo-type chitinase (ChiJ), which is comprised of an N-terminal chitin-binding domain type 3 and a C-terminal catalytic glycoside hydrolase family 19 domain, was identified from a fibrolytic intestinal symbiont of the earthworm Eisenia fetida, Cellulosimicrobium funkei HY-13. The highest endochitinase activity of the recombinant enzyme (rChiJ: 30.0 kDa) toward colloidal shrimp shell chitin was found at pH 5.5 and 55 °C and was considerably stable in a wide pH range (3.5–11.0). The enzyme exhibited the highest biocatalytic activity (338.8 U/mg) toward ethylene glycol chitin, preferentially degrading chitin polymers in the following order: ethylene glycol chitin > colloidal shrimp shell chitin > colloidal crab shell chitin. The enzymatic hydrolysis of N-acetyl-β-d-chitooligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization from two to six and colloidal shrimp shell chitin yielded primarily N,N′-diacetyl-β-d-chitobiose together with a small amount of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. The high chitin-degrading ability of inverting rChiJ with broad pH stability suggests that it can be exploited as a suitable biocatalyst for the preparation of N,N′-diacetyl-β-d-chitobiose, which has been shown to alleviate metabolic dysfunction associated with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Bai
- Department of Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea;
- Industrial Bio-Materials Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.K.); (K.-H.S.)
| | - Jonghoon Kim
- Industrial Bio-Materials Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.K.); (K.-H.S.)
| | - Kwang-Hee Son
- Industrial Bio-Materials Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.K.); (K.-H.S.)
| | - Chung-Wook Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea;
| | - Dong-Ha Shin
- Insect Biotech Co. Ltd., Daejeon 34054, Korea; (D.-H.S.); (B.-H.K.)
| | - Bon-Hwan Ku
- Insect Biotech Co. Ltd., Daejeon 34054, Korea; (D.-H.S.); (B.-H.K.)
| | - Do Young Kim
- Industrial Bio-Materials Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.K.); (K.-H.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.Y.K.); (H.-Y.P.)
| | - Ho-Yong Park
- Department of Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea;
- Industrial Bio-Materials Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.K.); (K.-H.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.Y.K.); (H.-Y.P.)
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Abady SM, M Ghanem K, Ghanem NB, Embaby AM. Molecular cloning, heterologous expression, and in silico sequence analysis of Enterobacter GH19 class I chitinase (chiRAM gene). Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:951-969. [PMID: 34773550 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using in silico sequence analyses, the present study aims to clone and express the gene-encoding sequence of a GH19 chitinase from Enterobacter sp. in Escherichia coli. METHODS AND RESULTS The putative open reading frame of a GH19 chitinase from Enterobacter sp. strain EGY1 was cloned and expressed into pGEM®-T and pET-28a (+) vectors, respectively using a degenerate primer. The isolated nucleotide sequence (1821 bp, GenBank accession no.: MK533791.2) was translated to a chiRAM protein (606 amino acids, UniProt accession no.: A0A4D6J2L9). The in silico protein sequence analysis of chiRAM revealed a class I GH19 chitinase: an N-terminus signal peptide (Met1-Ala23), a catalytic domain (Val83-Glu347 and the catalytic triad Glu149, Glu171, and Ser218), a proline-rich hinge region (Pro414 -Pro450), a polycystic kidney disease protein motif (Gly 465-Ser 533), a C-terminus chitin-binding domain (Ala553- Glu593), and conserved class I motifs (NYNY and AQETGG). A three-dimensional model was constructed by LOMETS MODELLER of PDB template: 2dkvA (class I chitinase of Oryza sativa L. japonica). Recombinant chiRAM was overexpressed as inclusion bodies (IBs) (~ 72 kDa; SDS-PAGE) in 1.0 mM IPTG induced E. coli BL21 (DE3) Rosetta strain at room temperature 18 h after induction. Optimized expression yielded active chiRAM with 1.974 ± 0.0002 U/mL, on shrimp colloidal chitin (SCC), in induced E. coli BL21 (DE3) Rosetta cells growing in SB medium. LC-MS/MS identified a band of 72 kDa in the soluble fraction with a 52.3% coverage sequence exclusive to the GH19 chitinase of Enterobacter cloacae (WP_063869339.1). CONCLUSIONS Although chiRAM of Enterobacter sp. was successfully cloned and expressed in E. coli with appreciable chitinase activity, future studies should focus on minimizing IBs to facilitate chiRAM purification and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahinaz M Abady
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 1 Baghdad Street-Moharam Bek, Alexandria, 21568, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Ghanem
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 1 Baghdad Street-Moharam Bek, Alexandria, 21568, Egypt
| | - Nevine B Ghanem
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 1 Baghdad Street-Moharam Bek, Alexandria, 21568, Egypt
| | - Amira M Embaby
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, P.O.Box 832, 163 Horreya Avenue, Chatby, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt.
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Chen J, Hu L, Chen N, Jia R, Ma Q, Wang Y. The Biocontrol and Plant Growth-Promoting Properties of Streptomyces alfalfae XN-04 Revealed by Functional and Genomic Analysis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:745766. [PMID: 34630371 PMCID: PMC8493286 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.745766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of cotton, caused by the pathogenic fungal Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov), is a devastating disease of cotton, dramatically affecting cotton production and quality. With the increase of pathogen resistance, controlling Fusarium wilt disease has become a significant challenge. Biocontrol agents (BCAs) can be used as an additional solution to traditional crop breeding and chemical control. In this study, an actinomycete with high inhibitory activity against Fov was isolated from rhizosphere soil and identified as Streptomyces alfalfae based on phylogenetic analyses. Next, an integrative approach combining genome mining and metabolites detection was applied to decipher the significant biocontrol and plant growth-promoting properties of XN-04. Bioinformatic analysis and bioassays revealed that the antagonistic activity of XN-04 against Fov was associated with the production of various extracellular hydrolytic enzymes and diffusible antifungal metabolites. Genome analysis revealed that XN-04 harbors 34 secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters. The ability of XN-04 to promote plant growth was correlated with an extensive set of genes involved in indoleacetic acid biosynthesis, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase activity, phosphate solubilization, and iron metabolism. Colonization experiments indicated that EGFP-labeled XN-04 had accumulated on the maturation zones of cotton roots. These results suggest that S. alfalfae XN-04 could be a multifunctional BCA and biofertilizer used in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lifang Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Na Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ruimin Jia
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qing Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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