1
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Wang Y, Du B, Zheng Q, Chen X. A demethylated lignin improved PVA-based supramolecular plastic with tough, degradable, and water-resistant performances. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133610. [PMID: 38960268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), as an excellent degradable plastic feedstock, is limited by its diminishing stability in wet environment, low strength, thermal instability and nonopaque properties. In response to these concerns, a PVA/demethylated lignin-based supramolecular plastic (DPVA-HA-Fe-5) was designed and produced from PVA, demethylated lignin (DL), humic acid (HA) and Fe3+ ions via a simple casting method. As compared with pure PVA plastic, the tensile strength of DPVA-HA-Fe-5 were increased by 411 % to 410.61 MPa, and the breaking strain was increased by 149 % to 239.47 %. Notably, the hydrophobicity of DPVA-HA-Fe-5 was also significantly improved. Although in highly humid environment (stored in RH = 100 % for 10 days) or in alkaline organic solvent (stored in pyridine for 3 h), DPVA-HA-Fe-5 also showed excellent mechanical strengths of 302.9 and 222.99 MPa, respectively, which are equivalent or even superior to the most of commercial petroleum-based plastics. Moreover, the prepared plastics showed an outstanding UV resistance and shading performance, and about 98.3 % protection against ultraviolet radiation B rays and 90.7 % protection against visible light were obtained. In short, the introduction of lignin to improve the performance of PVA-based plastic is a feasible method, and it could facilitate the development of high-value utilization of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Boyu Du
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China.
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2
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Yang J, An X, Lu B, Cao H, Cheng Z, Tong X, Liu H, Ni Y. Lignin: A multi-faceted role/function in 3D printing inks. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131364. [PMID: 38583844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
3D printing technology demonstrates significant potential for the rapid fabrication of tailored geometric structures. Nevertheless, the prevalent use of fossil-derived compositions in printable inks within the realm of 3D printing results in considerable environmental pollution and ecological consequences. Lignin, the second most abundant biomass source on earth, possesses attributes such as cost-effectiveness, renewability, biodegradability, and non-toxicity. Enriched with active functional groups including hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, and methyl, coupled with its rigid aromatic ring structure and inherent anti-oxidative and thermoplastic properties, lignin emerges as a promising candidate for formulating printable inks. This comprehensive review presents the utilization of lignin, either in conjunction with functional materials or through the modification of lignin derivatives, as the primary constituent (≥50 wt%) for formulating printable inks across photo-curing-based (SLA/DLP) and extrusion-based (DIW/FDM) printing technologies. Furthermore, lignin as an additive with multi-faceted roles/functions in 3D printing inks is explored. The effects of lignin on the properties of printing inks and printed objects are evaluated. Finally, this review outlines future perspectives, emphasizing key obstacles and potential opportunities for facilitating the high-value utilization of lignin in the realm of 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Xingye An
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Bin Lu
- Zhejiang Jingxing Paper Co., Ltd., No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Haibing Cao
- Zhejiang Jingxing Paper Co., Ltd., No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Zhengbai Cheng
- Zhejiang Jingxing Paper Co., Ltd., No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Xin Tong
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, PR China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
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3
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Fazeli M, Mukherjee S, Baniasadi H, Abidnejad R, Mujtaba M, Lipponen J, Seppälä J, Rojas OJ. Lignin beyond the status quo: recent and emerging composite applications. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2024; 26:593-630. [PMID: 38264324 PMCID: PMC10802143 DOI: 10.1039/d3gc03154c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The demand for biodegradable materials across various industries has recently surged due to environmental concerns and the need for the adoption of renewable materials. In this context, lignin has emerged as a promising alternative, garnering significant attention as a biogenic resource that endows functional properties. This is primarily ascribed to its remarkable origin and structure that explains lignin's capacity to bind other molecules, reinforce composites, act as an antioxidant, and endow antimicrobial effects. This review summarizes recent advances in lignin-based composites, with particular emphasis on innovative methods for modifying lignin into micro and nanostructures and evaluating their functional contribution. Indeed, lignin-based composites can be tailored to have superior physicomechanical characteristics, biodegradability, and surface properties, thereby making them suitable for applications beyond the typical, for instance, in ecofriendly adhesives and advanced barrier technologies. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest progress in the field of lignin utilization in emerging composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Fazeli
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Sritama Mukherjee
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University FI-00076 Aalto Finland
- Division of Fiber and Polymer Technology, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 56-58 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Hossein Baniasadi
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University Espoo Finland
| | - Roozbeh Abidnejad
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Muhammad Mujtaba
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd P.O. Box 1000 Espoo FI-02044 Finland
| | - Juha Lipponen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Jukka Seppälä
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University Espoo Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University FI-00076 Aalto Finland
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
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4
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Wang J, Zhang K, Zhou Y, Shang P, Yang S, Zhang B, Liu A, Liu J, Xie J, Xu J. POSS (epoxy)8 reinforced poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/lignin biodegradable films: Fabrication, enhanced mechanical properties and UV aging resistance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:127921. [PMID: 37944741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the white pollution, the eco-friendly biodegradable poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)-based films had attracted increasing interests worldwide. However, the high-cost of the PBAT had limited the large-scale development and application. In this work, 10 wt% low-cost lignin was introduced into the PBAT to prepare composite films by melt blending and blow molding, and the POSS(epoxy)8 was selected as the compatibilizer to improve the compatibility of PBAT and lignin. The maximum tensile strength and the nominal strain at break subsequently increased by 48.2 % and 21.4 % respectively, while the water vapor permeability enhanced by 9.9 %. Furthermore, the UV aging resistance of PBAT/lignin films were significantly improved, with only 1 wt% POSS(epoxy)8 content. This work provides an efficient strategy to foster the end-user confidence in the low-cost and eco-friendly biodegradable polymer materials with efficient performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Yikai Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Pengpeng Shang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Shangshan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Anran Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jiahuan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jiazhuo Xie
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Application of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
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5
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Li J, Wang W, Wu H, Peng F, Gao H, Guan Y. Preparation and characterization of hemicellulose films reinforced with amino polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane for biodegradable packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127795. [PMID: 37939756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Biomass is one of the powerful alternatives to petroleum-based packaging materials. Herein, carboxymethyl hemicellulose (CMH) based films (CPF) were prepared using a convenient strategy. The chains of CMH provided the necessary supporting matrix, and the aminopropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS-NH2) regulated the thermal and barrier properties of the CPF. The secondary amide groups and hydrogen bond were appeared in chemical structure, and SEM-EDS results indicated the preferable dispersion and compatibility of POSS-NH2 in CPFs. The thermal degradation temperature (Tonset > 260 °C), the coefficient of linear thermal expansion and glass transition temperature (Tg > 130 °C) have been improved by introduction of POSS-NH2. The tensile strength of CPF showed a higher level of 39.43 MPa with the POSS-NH2 loading of 20 wt%, which was 18.8 % higher than that of CMH film. More importantly, water vapor barrier property of films almost improved by two times, and its value is reduced to 18.82 g m-2 h-1. The shelf life of blueberry was effectively extended by the CPF coating for one week compared with commercial PE film. Therefore, CPF films displayed effective thermal performances, water vapor barrier characteristic and biodegradability, which might be exploited in packaging material for food application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Han Wu
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Feng Peng
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China.
| | - Ying Guan
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China.
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6
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Baniasadi H, Madani Z, Mohan M, Vaara M, Lipponen S, Vapaavuori J, Seppälä JV. Heat-Induced Actuator Fibers: Starch-Containing Biopolyamide Composites for Functional Textiles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48584-48600. [PMID: 37787649 PMCID: PMC10591286 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces the development of a thermally responsive shape-morphing fabric using low-melting-point polyamide shape memory actuators. To facilitate the blending of biomaterials, we report the synthesis and characterization of a biopolyamide with a relatively low melting point. Additionally, we present a straightforward and solvent-free method for the compatibilization of starch particles with the synthesized biopolyamide, aiming to enhance the sustainability of polyamide and customize the actuation temperature. Subsequently, homogeneous dispersion of up to 70 wt % compatibilized starch particles into the matrix is achieved. The resulting composites exhibit excellent mechanical properties comparable to those reported for soft and tough materials, making them well suited for textile integration. Furthermore, cyclic thermomechanical tests were conducted to evaluate the shape memory and shape recovery of both plain polyamide and composites. The results confirmed their remarkable shape recovery properties. To demonstrate the potential application of biocomposites in textiles, a heat-responsive fabric was created using thermoresponsive shape memory polymer actuators composed of a biocomposite containing 50 wt % compatibilized starch. This fabric demonstrates the ability to repeatedly undergo significant heat-induced deformations by opening and closing pores, thereby exposing hidden functionalities through heat stimulation. This innovative approach provides a convenient pathway for designing heat-responsive textiles, adding value to state-of-the-art smart textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Baniasadi
- Polymer
Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Zahra Madani
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Mithila Mohan
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Maija Vaara
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Sami Lipponen
- Polymer
Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jaana Vapaavuori
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jukka V. Seppälä
- Polymer
Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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7
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Li P, Jiang L, Lan L, Liu F, Liu Z, Huang Y, Dan Y. Sustainable polylactide materials with the function of blocking a specific wavelength of light based on aloe-emodin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125744. [PMID: 37423438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Polylactide, a biodegradable polymer, can alleviate white pollution, but the use of polylactide in food packaging is limited by high transmittance to light with a specific wavelength, UV (185-400 nm) and short-wavelength visible (400-500 nm) light. Herein, the polylactide end-capped with renewable light absorber aloe-emodin (PLA-En), is blended with commercial polylactide (PLA) to fabricate the polylactide film with the function of blocking light with a specific wavelength, PLA/PLA-En film. Only 40 % of light around 287 and 430 nm transmits through PLA/PLA-En film incorporating 3 mass% of PLA-En, while the film still maintains good mechanical properties and high transparency more than 90 % at 660 nm because of the good compatibility with PLA. The PLA/PLA-En film exhibits stable light-blocking properties under light irradiation and anti-solvent migration under the immersion of fat simulant. Almost no PLA-En migrated out of the film with the molecular weight of PLA-En only 2.89 × 104 g/mol. Compared with PLA film and commercial PE plastic wrap, the designed PLA/PLA-En film exhibits a better preservative effect on riboflavin and milk for inhibiting the production of 1O2. This study offers a green strategy for developing UV and short-wavelength light protective food package film based on renewable resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lidan Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yi Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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8
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Alshammari S, Ameli A. Polylactic acid biocomposites with high loadings of melt-flowable organosolv lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125094. [PMID: 37245743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) was blended with a new type of organosolv lignin, called Bioleum (BL) using a melt extrusion method to obtain biocomposites with BL loadings as high as 40 wt%. Two plasticizers, namely polyethylene glycol (PEG) and triethyl citrate (TEC) were also introduced to the material system. Gel permeation chromatography, rheological analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and tensile testing were performed to characterize the biocomposites. The results revealed that BL exhibits a melt-flowable characteristic. The biocomposites' tensile strength was found to be higher than most of the previously reported cases. Overall, the BL domain size increased as the BL content was increased, causing a drop in the strength and ductility. Even though the addition of both PEG and TEC improved the ductility, PEG proved to significantly outperform TEC. With the introduction of 5 wt% PEG, the elongation at break of PLA_BL20 was increased >9 times, even exceeding that of the neat PLA by several folds. Consequently, PLA_BL20_PEG5 produced a toughness that is twice as the of the neat PLA. The findings suggest a great promise of BL to develop scalable and melt processable composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shallal Alshammari
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Amir Ameli
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
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9
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Wu W, Huang J, Zhao W, Zhang Q, Cao X, Li X, Li RKY. Construction of highly ductile, UV-shielding polylactide/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) biocomposites with hyperbranched polysiloxane functionalized lignin as a biocompatibilizer. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124943. [PMID: 37210051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable polylactide/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PLA/PBAT) blends have been widely utilized as packaging materials. However, it is urgent to develop a biocompatibilizer to improve the interfacial interaction of the biodegradable immiscible polymer blends in practice. In this paper, a novel type of hyperbranched polysiloxane (HBPSi) with terminal methoxy groups was synthesized and then utilized to functionalize lignin through a hydrosilation reaction. The HBPSi modified lignin (lignin@HBPSi) was incorporated into immiscible PLA/PBAT blends to serve as a biocompatibilizer. The lignin@HBPSi was uniformly dispersed in the PLA/PBAT matrix with improved interfacial compatibility. Dynamic rheological results revealed that the addition of lignin@HBPSi reduced the complex viscosity, improving the processing ability of the PLA/PBAT composite. The PLA/PBAT composite containing 5 wt% lignin@HBPSi had a superior toughness with an elongation at break of 300.2 % and a slight enhancement in tensile stress (34.47 MPa). In addition, the presence of lignin@HBPSi contributed to blocking ultraviolet rays in the full ultraviolet band. This work provides a feasible way to develop highly ductile PLA/PBAT/lignin composites with good UV-shielding properties for the packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Engineering Center for Superlubricity, Jihua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jingshu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wanjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qunchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Xianwu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Engineering Center for Superlubricity, Jihua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China.
| | - Robert K Y Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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10
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Lu Q, Zhou Y, Sui Q, Zhou Y. Mechanism and characterization of microplastic aging process: A review. FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2023; 17:100. [PMID: 36935734 PMCID: PMC10010843 DOI: 10.1007/s11783-023-1700-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing production of petroleum-based plastics, the problem of environmental pollution caused by plastics has aroused widespread concern. Microplastics, which are formed by the fragmentation of macro plastics, are bio-accumulate easily due to their small size and slow degradation under natural conditions. The aging of plastics is an inevitable process for their degradation and enhancement of adsorption performance toward pollutants due to a series of changes in their physiochemical properties, which significantly increase the toxicity and harm of plastics. Therefore, studies should focus on the aging process of microplastics through reasonable characterization methods to promote the aging process and prevent white pollution. This review summarizes the latest progress in natural aging process and characterization methods to determine the natural aging mechanism of microplastics. In addition, recent advances in the artificial aging of microplastic pollutants are reviewed. The degradation status and by-products of biodegradable plastics in the natural environment and whether they can truly solve the plastic pollution problem have been discussed. Findings from the literature pointed out that the aging process of microplastics lacks professional and exclusive characterization methods, which include qualitative and quantitative analyses. To lessen the toxicity of microplastics in the environment, future research directions have been suggested based on existing problems in the current research. This review could provide a systematic reference for in-depth exploration of the aging mechanism and behavior of microplastics in natural and artificial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinwei Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Yi Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Qian Sui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Yanbo Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092 China
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11
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Design of P-decorated POSS towards flame-retardant, mechanically-strong, tough and transparent epoxy resins. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 640:864-876. [PMID: 36907147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Epoxy resins (EPs) are known for their durability, strength, and adhesive properties, which make them a versatile and popular material for use in a variety of applications, including chemical anticorrosion, small electronic devices, etc. However, EP is highly flammable due to its chemical nature. In this study, phosphorus-containing organic-inorganic hybrid flame retardant (APOP) was synthesized by introducing 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10‑phosphaphenathrene (DOPO) into cage-like octaminopropyl silsesquioxane (OA-POSS) via Schiff base reaction. The improved flame retardancy of EP was achieved by combining the physical barrier of inorganic Si-O-Si with the flame-retardant capability of phosphaphenanthrene. EP composites containing 3 wt% APOP passed the V-1 rating with a value of LOI of 30.1% and showed an apparent reduction in smoke release. Additionally, the combination of the inorganic structure and the flexible aliphatic segment in the hybrid flame retardant provides EP with molecular reinforcement, while the abundance of amino groups facilitates a good interface compatibility and outstanding transparency. Accordingly, EP containing 3 wt% APOP increased in tensile strength, impact strength, and flexural strength by 66.0 %, 78.6 %, and 32.3 %, respectively. The EP/APOP composites had a bending angle lower than 90°, and their successful transition to a tough material highlights the potential of this innovative combination of the inorganic structure and the flexible aliphatic segment. In addition, the relevant flame-retardant mechanism revealed that the APOP promoted the formation of a hybrid char layer containing P/N/Si for EP and produced phosphorus-containing fragments during combustion, showing flame-retardant effects in both condensed and vapor phases. This research offers innovative solutions for reconciling flame retardancy & mechanical performances and strength & toughness for polymers.
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12
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Gong Y, Fu L, Ou Z, Zhou Q, Rao X, Wang S, Huo C, Du X. Chemical combination of nano‐silica and alkaline lignin for property enhancement of polylactic acid‐based composite films. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gong
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center Hainan University Haikou China
| | - Lingying Fu
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center Hainan University Haikou China
| | - Zhiqiang Ou
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center Hainan University Haikou China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center Hainan University Haikou China
| | - Xin Rao
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center Hainan University Haikou China
| | - Songbin Wang
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center Hainan University Haikou China
| | - Chunqing Huo
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center Hainan University Haikou China
| | - Xueyu Du
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center Hainan University Haikou China
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13
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Muzata TS, Gebrekrstos A, Orasugh JT, Ray SS. An overview of recent advances in polymer composites with improved
UV
‐shielding properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanyaradzwa S. Muzata
- Department of Polymer Technology and Engineering Harare Institute of Technology Harare Zimbabwe
| | - Amanuel Gebrekrstos
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials DSI‐CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria South Africa
| | - Jonathan Tersur Orasugh
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials DSI‐CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria South Africa
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials DSI‐CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria South Africa
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14
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Baochai L, Bakar AA, Mohamad Z. An overview of the recent advances in flame retarded poly(lactic acid). POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Baochai
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia
- Department of Applied Chemistry Hengshui University Hengshui China
| | - Aznizam Abu Bakar
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Zurina Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia
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15
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Effect of POSS-NH2-grafted different plasticizers on the crystallization properties of SC-Poly (l-lactic acid). JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Arshian M, Estaji S, Tayouri MI, Mousavi SR, Shojaei S, Khonakdar HA. Poly(lactic acid) films reinforced with hybrid zinc oxide
‐
polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanoparticles: Morphological, mechanical, and antibacterial properties. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Arshian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Sara Estaji
- Department of Polymer Processing Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Iman Tayouri
- Department of Polymer Processing Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Rasoul Mousavi
- Department of Polymer Processing Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute Tehran Iran
| | - Shahrokh Shojaei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Khonakdar
- Department of Polymer Processing Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute Tehran Iran
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17
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Tarrés Q, Aguado R, Domínguez-Robles J, Larrañeta E, Delgado-Aguilar M. Valorization of Kraft Lignin from Black Liquor in the Production of Composite Materials with Poly(caprolactone) and Natural Stone Groundwood Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235178. [PMID: 36501573 PMCID: PMC9735539 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new materials is currently focused on replacing fossil-based plastics with sustainable materials. Obtaining new bioplastics that are biodegradable and of the greenest possible origin could be a great alternative for the future. However, there are some limitations-such as price, physical properties, and mechanical properties-of these bioplastics. In this sense, the present work aims to explore the potential of lignin present in black liquor from paper pulp production as the main component of a new plastic matrix. For this purpose, we have studied the simple recovery of this lignin using acid precipitation, its thermoplastification with glycerin as a plasticizing agent, the production of blends with poly(caprolactone) (PCL), and finally the development of biocomposite materials reinforcing the blend of thermoplastic lignin and PCL with stone groundwood fibers (SGW). The results obtained show that thermoplastic lignin alone cannot be used as a bioplastic. However, its combination with PCL provided a tensile strength of, e.g., 5.24 MPa in the case of a 50 wt.% blend. In addition, when studying the properties of the composite materials, it was found that the tensile strength of a blend with 20 wt.% PCL increased from 1.7 to 11.2 MPa with 40 wt.% SGW. Finally, it was proven that through these biocomposites it is possible to obtain a correct fiber-blend interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quim Tarrés
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Roberto Aguado
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Juan Domínguez-Robles
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Lisburn Road 97, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Lisburn Road 97, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Marc Delgado-Aguilar
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
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He Y, Ye HC, You TT, Xu F. Sustainable and multifunctional cellulose-lignin films with excellent antibacterial and UV-shielding for active food packaging. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Yu S, Gan M, Chen Y, Hu Z, Xie Y, Feng Q. Fabrication of lignin-containing cellulose bio-composite based on unbleached corncob and wheat straw pulp. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:741-747. [PMID: 35367472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In contemporary life, plastic, a kind of petroleum carbon source, has been produced and used in varieties of applications. However, the vast consumption of petroleum-based plastic and the burning of agricultural wastes make the environmental problems increasingly severe. Furthermore, a large number of lignocellulosic resources (such as corncob and wheat straw) are often wasted and burned, which will aggravate the environmental damage. In this paper, we use unbleached corncob and wheat straw pulp to fabricate the lignin-containing cellulose bio-composites (LCBs) to reduce non-renewable energy consumption and utilize agricultural wastes. The LCBs were obtained by a direct manufacturing process in benzyltrimethyl ammonium hydroxide (BzMe3NOH) aqueous solution under mild conditions, constituting an entwined composite structure of cellulose micro/nano-fibers. This unique micro/nano-structure provides bio-composites with the outstanding mechanical performance of 96.7 MPa and a high haze of 90.1%. Meanwhile, with the inherent lignin, the LCBs could filter over 81.8% UV-C. As the raw material used is pure natural lignocellulose, the bio-composites prepared have innate environmental friendliness. With exceptional mechanical strength, UV-shielding property, and innate environmental friendliness, the LCBs are possible and potential substitutes for traditional petroleum-based plastic that is easily aging or non-biodegradable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixu Yu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Meixue Gan
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yiruo Chen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Zhipeng Hu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yimin Xie
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Qinghua Feng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
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Sun L, An X, Qian X. Nano-MIL-88A(Fe) Enabled Clear Cellulose Films with Excellent UV-Shielding Performance and Robust Environment Resistance. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111891. [PMID: 35683745 PMCID: PMC9182417 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While tremendous efforts have been dedicated to developing cellulose-based ultraviolet (UV)-blocking films, challenges still remain in simultaneously achieving high transparency, low haze and excellent UV shielding properties via simple and green strategy. Here, we present a facile and eco-friendly route to fabricate flexible, biodegradable and clear UV-shielding nano-MIL-88A(Fe)@carboxymethylated cellulose films (M(Fe)CCFs) via in situ synthesis of nano-MIL-88A(Fe) in carboxymethylated cellulose hydrogel followed by natural drying. The carboxymethylated cellulose film has high transmittance (93.2%) and low haze (1.8%). The introduction of nano-MIL-88A(Fe) endowed M(Fe)CCFs superior UV-shielding ability, while retaining high transmittance (81.5-85.3%) and low haze (2.5-4.9%). Moreover, M(Fe)CCFs showed stable UV blocking performance under UV irradiation, high temperature, acidic or alkaline conditions. Quite encouragingly, the UV-shielding ability of M(Fe)CCFs did not deteriorate, even after 30 days of immersion in aqueous solution, providing films with a long-term use capacity. Thus, M(Fe)CCFs show high potential in the UV protection field. Overall, these UV-blocking films with outstanding performances are a promising candidate to replace conventional film materials made from synthetic polymers in fields such as packaging and flexible electronics.
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Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanocomposite Foams Reinforced with Carbon and Inorganic Nanoparticles—State-of-the-Art. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs6050129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric nanocomposite foams have attracted increasing research attention for technical reasons. Poly(methyl methacrylate) is a remarkable and viable thermoplastic polymer. This review highlights some indispensable aspects of poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposite foams with nanocarbon nanofillers (carbon nanotube, graphene, etc.) and inorganic nanoparticles (nanoclay, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, silica, etc.). The design and physical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposite foams have been deliberated. It has been observed that processing strategies, nanofiller dispersion, and interfacial interactions in poly(methyl methacrylate)–nanofiller have been found essential to produce high-performance nanocellular foams. The emergent application areas of the poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposite foams are electromagnetic interference shielding, sensors, and supercapacitors.
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Improvement of Gas Barrier Properties for Biodegradable Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Nanocomposites with MXene Nanosheets via Biaxial Stretching. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030480. [PMID: 35160469 PMCID: PMC8839497 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to ease the white pollution problem, biodegradable packaging materials are highly demanded. In this work, the biodegradable poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/MXene (PBAT/Ti3C2TX) composite casting films were fabricated by melt mixing. Then, the obtained PBAT/Ti3C2TX composite casting films were biaxially stretched at different stretching ratios so as to reduce the water vapor permeability rate (WVPR) and oxygen transmission rate (OTR). It was expected that the combination of Ti3C2TX nanosheets and biaxial stretching could improve the water vapor and oxygen barrier performance of PBAT films. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation showed that the Ti3C2TX nanosheets had good compatibility with the PBAT matrix. The presence of Ti3C2TX acted as a nucleating agent to promote the crystallinity when the content was lower than 2 wt%. The mechanical tests showed that the incorporation of 1.0 wt% Ti3C2TX improved the tensile stress, elongation at break, and Young’s modulus of the PBAT/Ti3C2TX nanocomposite simultaneously, as compared with those of pure PBAT. The mechanical dynamical tests showed that the presence of Ti3C2TX significantly improved the storage modulus of the PBAT nanocomposite in a glassy state. Compared with pure PBAT, PBAT-1.0 with 1.0 wt% Ti3C2TX exhibited the lowest OTR of 782 cc/m2·day and 10.2 g/m2·day. The enhancement in gas barrier properties can be attributed to the presence of Ti3C2TX nanosheets, which can increase the effective diffusion path length for gases. With the biaxial stretching, the OTR and WVPR of PBAT-1.0 were further reduced to 732 cc/m2·day and 6.5 g/m2·day, respectively. The PBAT composite films with enhanced water vapor and water barrier performance exhibit a potential application in green packaging.
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Tanjung FA, Arifin Y, Kuswardani RA. Influence of Newly Organosolv Lignin-Based Interface Modifier on Mechanical and Thermal Properties, and Enzymatic Degradation of Polylactic Acid/Chitosan Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193355. [PMID: 34641170 PMCID: PMC8512308 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aimed to study the effects of chitosan fiber and a newly modifying agent, based on organosolv lignin, on mechanical and thermal performances and the enzymatic degradation of PLA/chitosan biocomposites. A newly modifying agent based on polyacrylic acid-grafted organosolv lignin (PAA-g-OSL) was synthesized via free radical copolymerization using t-butyl peroxide as the initiator. The biocomposites were prepared using an internal mixer and the hot-pressed method at various fiber loadings. The results demonstrate that the addition of chitosan fiber into PLA biocomposites remarkably decreases tensile strength and elongation at break. However, it improves the Young's modulus. The modified biocomposites clearly demonstrat an improvement in tensile strength by approximately 20%, with respect to the unmodified ones, upon the presence of PAA-g-OSL. Moreover, the thermal stability of the modified biocomposites was enhanced significantly, indicating the effectiveness of the thermal protective barrier of the lignin's aromatic structure belonging to the modifying agent during pyrolysis. In addition, a slower biodegradation rate was exhibited by the modified biocomposites, relative to the unmodified ones, that confirms the positive effects of their improved interfacial interaction, resulting in a decreased area that was degraded through enzyme hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Amri Tanjung
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Medan Area, Medan 20223, North Sumatera, Indonesia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +61-7360-168
| | - Yalun Arifin
- Department of Food Business Technology, Universitas Prasetiya Mulya, BSD Raya Utama, Tangerang 15339, Banten, Indonesia;
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