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Xiao J, Liu T, Chu Q, Yu C, Yin Y, Xuan L, Wu S. Development of an UV-Resistant Multilayer Film with Enhanced Compatibility between Carboxymethyl Cellulose and Polylactic Acid via Incorporation of Tannin and Ferric Chloride. Molecules 2024; 29:2822. [PMID: 38930885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polylactic acid (PLA) are recognized for their environmental friendliness. By merging them into a composite film, packaging solutions can be designed with good performance. Nonetheless, the inherent interface disparity between CMC and PLA poses a challenge, and there may be layer separation issues. This study introduces a straightforward approach to mitigate this challenge by incorporating tannin acid and ferric chloride in the fabrication of the CMC-PLA. The interlayer compatibility was improved by the in situ formation of a cohesive interface. The resulting CMC/TA-PLA/Fe multilayer film, devoid of any layer separation, exhibits exceptional mechanical strength, with a tensile strength exceeding 70 MPa, a high contact angle of 105°, and superior thermal stability. Furthermore, the CMC/TA-PLA/Fe film demonstrates remarkable efficacy in blocking ultraviolet light, effectively minimizing the discoloration of various wood surfaces exposed to UV aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qiulu Chu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chaoguang Yu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yunlong Yin
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lei Xuan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Shufang Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
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Zhang Z, Zhang J, Lucia LA, Abidi N. Bamboo fiber reinforced poly (acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic)/chlorinated polyethylene via compabilization. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131287. [PMID: 38565367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In the quest to enhance the performance of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites, achieving optimal dispersion of fiber materials within a polymeric matrix has been identified as a key strategy. Traditional approaches, such as the surface modification of natural fibers, often necessitate the use of additional synthetic chemical processes, presenting a significant challenge. In this work, taking poly (acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic) (ASA) and bamboo fiber (BF) as a model system, we attempt to use the elastomer-chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) as a compatibilizer to tailor the mechanical properties of ASA/CPE/BF ternary composites. It was found that increasing CPE content contributed to more remarkable reinforcing efficiency, where composite with 15 phr CPE exhibited a nearly four-fold increase in reinforcing efficiency of tensile strength (20 %) compared with that of composite system without CPE (4.1 %). Such improvement was ascribed to the compatibilizing effect exerted by CPE, which prevented the aggregation of BF within polymeric matrix. Surface properties suggested the stronger interface between CPE and BF compared to that between ASA and BF and thereby contributed to the compabilizing effect. Since no chemical process was involved, it is suggested that the introduction of elastomer to be a universal, green and sustainable approach to achieve the reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Lucian A Lucia
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Noureddine Abidi
- Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Yu X, Jin X, He Y, Yu Z, Zhang R, Qin D. Eco-friendly bamboo pulp foam enabled by chitosan and phytic acid interfacial assembly of halloysite nanotubes: Toward flame retardancy, thermal insulation, and sound absorption. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129393. [PMID: 38218301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Lightweight, porous cellulose foam is an attractive alternative to traditional petroleum-based products, but the intrinsic flammability impedes its use in construction. Herein, an environmentally friendly strategy for scalable fabrication of flame-retardant bamboo pulp foam (BPF) using a foam-forming technique followed by low-cost ambient drying is reported. In the process, a hierarchical structure of halloysite nanotubes (HNT) was decorated onto bamboo pulp fibers through layer-by-layer assembling of chitosan (CS) and phytic acid (PA). This modification retained the highly porous microcellular structure of the resultant BPF (92 %-98 %). It improved its compressive strength by 228.01 % at 50 % strain, endowing this foam with desired thermal insulation properties and sound absorption coefficient comparable to commercial products. More importantly, this foam possessed exceptional flame retardancy (47.05 % reduction in the total heat release and 95.24 % reduction in the total smoke production) in cone calorimetry, and it showed excellent extinguishing performance, indicating considerably enhanced fire safety. These encouraging results suggest that the flame retardant BPF has the potential to serve as a renewable and cost-effective alternative to traditional foam for applications in acoustic and thermal insulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yu
- Department of Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; SFA and Beijing Co-built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xiaobei Jin
- Department of Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; SFA and Beijing Co-built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Ying He
- Department of Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; SFA and Beijing Co-built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zixuan Yu
- Department of Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; SFA and Beijing Co-built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; SFA and Beijing Co-built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Daochun Qin
- Sanya Research Base, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Sanya 572000, Hainan, China
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Xu D, He S, Leng W, Chen Y, Wu Z. Replacing Plastic with Bamboo: A Review of the Properties and Green Applications of Bamboo-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4276. [PMID: 37959955 PMCID: PMC10647463 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural fiber composites are receiving more and more attention because of their greenness and low cost. Among natural fibers, bamboo is characterized by fast growth, a short cultivation period, high strength and good toughness, and is one of the strongest natural fibers in the world. A bamboo-fiber-reinforced polymer composite (BFRPC) has the characteristics of high mechanical strength, low density, degradability, etc. It has the industrial applicability comparable to metal materials, the same strong corrosion resistance as composites such as glass and carbon fibers, and the same immunity to electromagnetic interference and low thermal conductivity as natural materials. Its unidirectional specific strength and unidirectional specific modulus is higher than that of glass fiber, second only to the extremely high price of carbon fiber, which is playing an increasingly important role in the field of composite materials, and can be widely used in the fields of wind power, construction, aviation, automotive, medical care and so on. At present, it has been initially used in packaging, automotive and transportation fields, and is expected to replace petroleum-based plastics in various fields. In addition to their environmental protection and green production, they have excellent physical properties. This paper provides an overview of the mechanical properties of bamboo-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites and thermoset composites that have been developed so far, such as tensile strength, flexural properties and impact strength. In addition, the prospects of bamboo-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites for automotive, packaging and agricultural applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xu
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Key Laboratory of Bamboo High Efficient Processing of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China; (D.X.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
| | - Sheng He
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Key Laboratory of Bamboo High Efficient Processing of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China; (D.X.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
| | - Weiqi Leng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuhe Chen
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Key Laboratory of Bamboo High Efficient Processing of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China; (D.X.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zaixing Wu
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Key Laboratory of Bamboo High Efficient Processing of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China; (D.X.); (Y.C.); (Z.W.)
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