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Forouzanmehr B, Hedayati AH, Gholami E, Hemmati MA, Maleki M, Butler AE, Jamialahmadi T, Kesharwani P, Yaribeygi H, Sahebkar A. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, possible cellular interactions and benefits. Cell Signal 2024; 122:111335. [PMID: 39117253 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are a newly developed class of anti-diabetics which exert potent hypoglycemic effects in the diabetic milieu. However, the evidence suggests that they also have extra-glycemic effects. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a hormonal system widely distributed in the body that is important for water and electrolyte homeostasis as well as renal and cardiovascular function. Therefore, modulating RAAS activity is a main goal in patients, notably diabetic patients, which are at higher risk of complications involving these organ systems. Some studies have suggested that SGLT2is have modulatory effects on RAAS activity in addition to their hypoglycemic effects and, thus, these drugs can be considered as promising therapeutic agents for renal and cardiovascular disorders. However, the exact molecular interactions between SGLT2 inhibition and RAAS activity are not clearly understood. Therefore, in the current study we surveyed the literature for possible molecular mechanisms by which SGLT2is modulate RAAS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behina Forouzanmehr
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Emad Gholami
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Mina Maleki
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya 15503, Bahrain
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Vliora M, Ravelli C, Grillo E, Corsini M, Flouris AD, Mitola S. The impact of adipokines on vascular networks in adipose tissue. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 69:61-72. [PMID: 35953434 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is a highly active and plastic endocrine organ. It secretes numerous soluble molecules known as adipokines, which act locally to AT control the remodel and homeostasis or exert pleiotropic functions in different peripheral organs. Aberrant production or loss of certain adipokines contributes to AT dysfunction associated with metabolic disorders, including obesity. The AT plasticity is strictly related to tissue vascularization. Angiogenesis supports the AT expansion, while regression of blood vessels is associated with AT hypoxia, which in turn mediates tissue inflammation, fibrosis and metabolic dysfunction. Several adipokines can regulate endothelial cell functions and are endowed with either pro- or anti-angiogenic properties. Here we address the role of adipokines in the regulation of angiogenesis. A better understanding of the link between adipokines and angiogenesis will open the way for novel therapeutic approaches to treat obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vliora
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cosetta Ravelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Corsini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andreas D Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Stefania Mitola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy.
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Tseng SY, Chang HY, Li YH, Chao TH. Effects of Cilostazol on Angiogenesis in Diabetes through Adiponectin/Adiponectin Receptors/Sirtuin1 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314839. [PMID: 36499166 PMCID: PMC9739574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilostazol is an antiplatelet agent with vasodilating effects that functions by increasing the intracellular concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. We have previously shown that cilostazol has favorable effects on angiogenesis. However, there is no study to evaluate the effects of cilostazol on adiponectin. We investigated the effects of cilostazol on angiogenesis in diabetes in vitro and in vivo through adiponectin/adiponectin receptors (adipoRs) and the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were cocultured under high glucose (HG) conditions. Adiponectin concentrations in the supernatants were significantly increased when HASMCs were treated with cilostazol but not significantly changed when only HUVECs were treated with cilostazol. Cilostazol treatment enhanced the expression of SIRT1 and upregulated the phosphorylation of AMPK in HG-treated HUVECs. By sequential knockdown of adipoRs, SIRT1, and AMPK, our data demonstrated that cilostazol prevented apoptosis and stimulated proliferation, chemotactic motility, and capillary-like tube formation in HG-treated HUVECs through the adipoRs/SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway. The phosphorylation of downstream signaling molecules, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), was downregulated when HUVECs were treated with a SIRT1 inhibitor. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, cilostazol treatment could improve blood flow recovery 21-28 days after inducing hindlimb ischemia as well as increase the circulating of CD34+CD45dim cells 14-21 days after operation; moreover, these effects were significantly attenuated by the knockdown of adipoR1 but not adipoR2. The expression of SIRT1 and phosphorylation of AMPK/ACC and Akt/eNOS in ischemic muscles were significantly attenuated by the gene knockdown of adipoRs. Cilostazol improves HG-induced endothelial dysfunction in vascular endothelial cells and enhances angiogenesis in diabetic mice by upregulating the expression of adiponectin/adipoRs and its SIRT1/AMPK downstream signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ya Tseng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Heng Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsing Chao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Health Management Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-23523535 (ext. 2392); Fax: +886-6-2753834
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Saenz-Medina J, Muñoz M, Rodriguez C, Sanchez A, Contreras C, Carballido-Rodríguez J, Prieto D. Endothelial Dysfunction: An Intermediate Clinical Feature between Urolithiasis and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020912. [PMID: 35055099 PMCID: PMC8778796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED An epidemiological relationship between urolithiasis and cardiovascular diseases has extensively been reported. Endothelial dysfunction is an early pathogenic event in cardiovascular diseases and has been associated with oxidative stress and low chronic inflammation in hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke or the vascular complications of diabetes and obesity. The aim of this study is to summarize the current knowledge about the pathogenic mechanisms of urolithiasis in relation to the development of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular morbidities. METHODS A non-systematic review has been performed mixing the terms "urolithiasis", "kidney stone" or "nephrolithiasis" with "cardiovascular disease", "myocardial infarction", "stroke", or "endothelial dysfunction". RESULTS Patients with nephrolithiasis develop a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease with a relative risk estimated between 1.20 and 1.24 and also develop a higher vascular disease risk scores. Analyses of subgroups have rendered inconclusive results regarding gender or age. Endothelial dysfunction has also been strongly associated with urolithiasis in clinical studies, although no systemic serum markers of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation or oxidative stress could be clearly related. Analysis of urine composition of lithiasic patients also detected a higher expression of proteins related to cardiovascular disease. Experimental models of hyperoxaluria have also found elevation of serum endothelial dysfunction markers. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial dysfunction has been strongly associated with urolithiasis and based on the experimental evidence, should be considered as an intermediate and changeable feature between urolithiasis and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress, a key pathogenic factor in the development of endothelial dysfunction has been also pointed out as an important factor of lithogenesis. Special attention must be paid to cardiovascular morbidities associated with urolithiasis in order to take advantage of pleiotropic effects of statins, angiotensin receptor blockers and allopurinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Saenz-Medina
- Department of Urology, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain
- Department of Medical Specialities and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, King Juan Carlos University, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Mercedes Muñoz
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.); (C.R.); (A.S.); (C.C.); (D.P.)
| | - Claudia Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.); (C.R.); (A.S.); (C.C.); (D.P.)
| | - Ana Sanchez
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.); (C.R.); (A.S.); (C.C.); (D.P.)
| | - Cristina Contreras
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.); (C.R.); (A.S.); (C.C.); (D.P.)
| | - Joaquín Carballido-Rodríguez
- Department of Urology, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, Autonoma University, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | - Dolores Prieto
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.); (C.R.); (A.S.); (C.C.); (D.P.)
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Cohen KE, Katunaric B, SenthilKumar G, McIntosh JJ, Freed JK. Vascular endothelial adiponectin signaling across the life span. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H57-H65. [PMID: 34797171 PMCID: PMC8698498 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00533.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease risk increases with age regardless of sex. Some of this risk is attributable to alterations in natural hormones throughout the life span. The quintessential example of this being the dramatic increase in cardiovascular disease following the transition to menopause. Plasma levels of adiponectin, a "cardioprotective" adipokine released primarily by adipose tissue and regulated by hormones, also fluctuate throughout one's life. Plasma adiponectin levels increase with age in both men and women, with higher levels in both pre- and postmenopausal women compared with men. Younger cohorts seem to confer cardioprotective benefits from increased adiponectin levels yet elevated levels in the elderly and those with existing heart disease are associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes. Here, we review the most recent data regarding adiponectin signaling in the vasculature, highlight the differences observed between the sexes, and shed light on the apparent paradox regarding increased cardiovascular disease risk despite rising plasma adiponectin levels over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E. Cohen
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,5Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Boran Katunaric
- 2Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,5Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Gopika SenthilKumar
- 2Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,3Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,5Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jennifer J. McIntosh
- 3Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,4Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,5Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Julie K. Freed
- 2Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,3Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,5Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Nigro E, Mallardo M, Polito R, Scialò F, Bianco A, Daniele A. Adiponectin and Leptin Exert Antagonizing Effects on HUVEC Tube Formation and Migration Modulating the Expression of CXCL1, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147516. [PMID: 34299135 PMCID: PMC8307755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin and leptin are two abundant adipokines with different properties but both described such as potent factors regulating angiogenesis. AdipoRon is a small-molecule that, binding to AdipoRs receptors, acts as an adiponectin agonist. Here, we investigated the effects of AdipoRon and leptin on viability, migration and tube formation on a human in vitro model, the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) focusing on the expression of the main endothelial angiogenic factors: hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP-2) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9). Treatments with VEGF-A were used as positive control. Our data revealed that, at 24 h treatment, proliferation of HUVEC endothelial cells was not influenced by AdipoRon or leptin administration; after 48 h longer exposure time, the viability was negatively influenced by AdipoRon while leptin treatment and the combination of AdipoRon+leptin produced no effects. In addition, AdipoRon induced a significant increase in complete tubular structures together with induction of cell migration while, on the contrary, leptin did not induce tube formation and inhibited cell migration; interestingly, the co-treatment with both AdipoRon and leptin determined a significant decrease of the tubular structures and cell migration indicating that leptin antagonizes AdipoRon effects. Finally, we found that the effects induced by AdipoRon administration are accompanied by an increase in the expression of CXCL1, VEGF-A, MMP-2 and MMP-9. In conclusion, our data sustain the active role of adiponectin and leptin in linking adipose tissue with the vascular endothelium encouraging the further deepening of the role of adipokines in new vessel’s formation, to candidate them as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersilia Nigro
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (E.N.); (M.M.); (R.P.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Marta Mallardo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (E.N.); (M.M.); (R.P.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Rita Polito
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (E.N.); (M.M.); (R.P.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Filippo Scialò
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Hospital Monaldi, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Hospital Monaldi, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Aurora Daniele
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-0813737856
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Daiber A, Chlopicki S. Revisiting pharmacology of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease: Evidence for redox-based therapies. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 157:15-37. [PMID: 32131026 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
According to the latest Global Burden of Disease Study data, non-communicable diseases in general and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in particular are the leading cause of premature death and reduced quality of life. Demographic shifts, unhealthy lifestyles and a higher burden of adverse environmental factors provide an explanation for these findings. The expected growing prevalence of CVD requires enhanced research efforts for identification and characterisation of novel therapeutic targets and strategies. Cardiovascular risk factors including classical (e.g. hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia) and non-classical (e.g. environmental stress) factors induce the development of endothelial dysfunction, which is closely associated with oxidant stress and vascular inflammation and results in CVD, particularly in older adults. Most classically successful therapies for CVD display vasoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but were originally designed with other therapeutic aims. So far, only a few 'redox drugs' are in clinical use and many antioxidant strategies have not met expectations. With the present review, we summarise the actual knowledge on CVD pathomechanisms, with special emphasis on endothelial dysfunction, adverse redox signalling and oxidative stress, highlighting the preclinical and clinical evidence. In addition, we provide a brief overview of established CVD therapies and their relation to endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Finally, we discuss novel strategies for redox-based CVD therapies trying to explain why, despite a clear link between endothelial dysfunction and adverse redox signalling and oxidative stress, redox- and oxidative stress-based therapies have not yet provided a breakthrough in the treatment of endothelial dysfunction and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- The Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; The Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- The Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka 16, 31-531, Krakow, Poland.
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8
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in the fetoplacental unit in gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165948. [PMID: 32866635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease of pregnancy that is associated with d-glucose intolerance and foeto-placental vascular dysfunction. GMD causes mitochondrial dysfunction in the placental endothelium and trophoblast. Additionally, GDM is associated with reduced placental oxidative phosphorylation due to diminished activity of the mitochondrial F0F1-ATP synthase (complex V). This phenomenon may result from a higher generation of reactive superoxide anion and nitric oxide. Placental mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy work in concert to maintain cell homeostasis and are vital mechanisms securing the efficient generation of ATP, whose demand is higher in pregnancy, ensuring foetal growth and development. Additional factors disturbing placental ATP synthase activity in GDM include pre-gestational maternal obesity or overweight, intracellular pH, miRNAs, fatty acid oxidation, and foetal (and 'placental') sex. GDM is also associated with maternal and foetal hyperinsulinaemia, altered circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin, and the accumulation of extracellular adenosine. Here, we reviewed the potential interplay between these molecules or metabolic conditions on the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in the foeto-placental unit in GDM pregnancies.
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9
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Daiber A, Xia N, Steven S, Oelze M, Hanf A, Kröller-Schön S, Münzel T, Li H. New Therapeutic Implications of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Function/Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010187. [PMID: 30621010 PMCID: PMC6337296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Global Burden of Disease Study identified cardiovascular risk factors as leading causes of global deaths and life years lost. Endothelial dysfunction represents a pathomechanism that is associated with most of these risk factors and stressors, and represents an early (subclinical) marker/predictor of atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress is a trigger of endothelial dysfunction and it is a hall-mark of cardiovascular diseases and of the risk factors/stressors that are responsible for their initiation. Endothelial function is largely based on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) function and activity. Likewise, oxidative stress can lead to the loss of eNOS activity or even “uncoupling” of the enzyme by adverse regulation of well-defined “redox switches” in eNOS itself or up-/down-stream signaling molecules. Of note, not only eNOS function and activity in the endothelium are essential for vascular integrity and homeostasis, but also eNOS in perivascular adipose tissue plays an important role for these processes. Accordingly, eNOS protein represents an attractive therapeutic target that, so far, was not pharmacologically exploited. With our present work, we want to provide an overview on recent advances and future therapeutic strategies that could be used to target eNOS activity and function in cardiovascular (and other) diseases, including life style changes and epigenetic modulations. We highlight the redox-regulatory mechanisms in eNOS function and up- and down-stream signaling pathways (e.g., tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism and soluble guanylyl cyclase/cGMP pathway) and their potential pharmacological exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Alina Hanf
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Abstract
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is considered a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. It is associated with endothelial dysfunction as an early event of generalized atherosclerosis. However, it is unclear whether steatotic hepatocytes influence endothelial function directly. Objective: Explore the influence of hepatocyte steatosis on the function of endothelial cells. Methods: Oleic and palmitic acid (2:1 mixture, final concentration: 1 mM for 24 hours) was used to induce a normal adult hepatocyte strain (L-02) for transformation into steatosis cells. This was followed by oil red O staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for verification. The culture solution of steatotic L-02 cells was filtered and collected, and added into the culture substrate of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The expression of vascular cellular adhesion molecule -1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and E-selectin in HUVECs was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays. The apoptosis and proliferation of HUVECs was determined using flow cytometry. The experimental results were compared with the controls. Results: Oil red O staining and microscopic observation showed that the cytoplasm of induced L-02 cells contained a large amount of red lipid droplets. TEM results showed that the cytoplasm had lipid accumulation, swelling mitochondria, fewer cristae, and reduced number of rough endoplasmic reticula accompanied with degranulation. However, these changes were not observed in normal L-02 cells. As to the group of HUVECs treated by the filtrate of steatosis L-02 cells, the mRNA and protein expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin was higher than that in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (p <0.01). No significant difference was found when HUVECs apoptosis and proliferation were assessed by flow cytometry. Conclusion: Secretion from steatotic hepatocytes could boost the expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin in endothelial cells, indicating that hepatocyte steatosis could induce endothelial cell dysfunction. The proliferation and apoptosis of endothelial cells did not change, suggesting that hepatocyte steatosis had no influence on the viability of endothelial cells under this condition.
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11
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Daiber A, Steven S, Weber A, Shuvaev VV, Muzykantov VR, Laher I, Li H, Lamas S, Münzel T. Targeting vascular (endothelial) dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1591-1619. [PMID: 27187006 PMCID: PMC5446575 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are major contributors to global deaths and disability-adjusted life years, with hypertension a significant risk factor for all causes of death. The endothelium that lines the inner wall of the vasculature regulates essential haemostatic functions, such as vascular tone, circulation of blood cells, inflammation and platelet activity. Endothelial dysfunction is an early predictor of atherosclerosis and future cardiovascular events. We review the prognostic value of obtaining measurements of endothelial function, the clinical techniques for its determination, the mechanisms leading to endothelial dysfunction and the therapeutic treatment of endothelial dysfunction. Since vascular oxidative stress and inflammation are major determinants of endothelial function, we have also addressed current antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapies. In the light of recent data that dispute the prognostic value of endothelial function in healthy human cohorts, we also discuss alternative diagnostic parameters such as vascular stiffness index and intima/media thickness ratio. We also suggest that assessing vascular function, including that of smooth muscle and even perivascular adipose tissue, may be an appropriate parameter for clinical investigations. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- Center of CardiologyMedical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site Rhine‐MainMainzGermany
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Center of CardiologyMedical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
- Center of Thrombosis and HemostasisMedical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Alina Weber
- Center of CardiologyMedical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Vladimir V. Shuvaev
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Vladimir R. Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Huige Li
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site Rhine‐MainMainzGermany
- Department of PharmacologyMedical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Santiago Lamas
- Department of Cell Biology and ImmunologyCentro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC‐UAM)MadridSpain
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center of CardiologyMedical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site Rhine‐MainMainzGermany
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12
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Tortosa-Caparrós E, Navas-Carrillo D, Marín F, Orenes-Piñero E. Anti-inflammatory effects of omega 3 and omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:3421-3429. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1126549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Tortosa-Caparrós
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Diana Navas-Carrillo
- Department of Surgery, Hospital de la Vega Lorenzo Guirao, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Marín
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Esteban Orenes-Piñero
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Growth and maturation of heart valves leads to changes in endothelial cell distribution, impaired function, decreased metabolism and reduced cell proliferation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 100:72-82. [PMID: 27756541 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Risk factors of heart valve disease are well defined and prolonged exposure throughout life leads to degeneration and dysfunction in up to 33% of the population. While aortic valve replacement remains the most common need for cardiovascular surgery particularly in those aged over 65, the underlying mechanisms of progressive deterioration are unknown. In other cardiovascular systems, a decline in endothelial cell integrity and function play a major role in promoting pathological changes, and while similar mechanisms have been speculated in the valves, studies to support this are lacking. The goal of this study was to examine age-related changes in valve endothelial cell (VEC) distribution, morphology, function and transcriptomes during critical stages of valve development (embryonic), growth (postnatal (PN)), maintenance (young adult) and aging (aging adult). Using a combination of in vivo mouse, and in vitro porcine assays we show that VEC function including, nitric oxide bioavailability, metabolism, endothelial-to-mesenchymal potential, membrane self-repair and proliferation decline with age. In addition, density of VEC distribution along the endothelium decreases and this is associated with changes in morphology, decreased cell-cell interactions, and increased permeability. These changes are supported by RNA-seq analysis showing that focal adhesion-, cell cycle-, and oxidative phosphorylation-associated biological processes are negatively impacted by aging. Furthermore, by performing high-throughput analysis we are able to report the differential and common transcriptomes of VECs at each time point that can provide insights into the mechanisms underlying age-related dysfunction. These studies suggest that maturation of heart valves over time is a multifactorial process and this study has identified several key parameters that may contribute to impairment of the valve to maintain critical structure-function relationships; leading to degeneration and disease.
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Ebrahimi-Mamaeghani M, Mohammadi S, Arefhosseini SR, Fallah P, Bazi Z. Adiponectin as a potential biomarker of vascular disease. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2015; 11:55-70. [PMID: 25653535 PMCID: PMC4303398 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s48753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of diabetes and its complications heralds an alarming situation worldwide. Obesity-associated changes in circulating adiponectin concentrations have the capacity to predict insulin sensitivity and are a link between obesity and a number of vascular diseases. One obvious consequence of obesity is a decrease in circulating levels of adiponectin, which are associated with cardiovascular disorders and associated vascular comorbidities. Human and animal studies have demonstrated decreased adiponectin to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, in animal studies, increased circulating adiponectin alleviates obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, and also prevents atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and diabetic cardiac tissue disorders. Further, metabolism of a number of foods and medications are affected by induction of adiponectin. Adiponectin has beneficial effects on cardiovascular cells via its antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antiatherogenic, vasodilatory, and antithrombotic activity, and consequently has a favorable effect on cardiac and vascular health. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of adiponectin secretion and signaling is critical for designing new therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the recent evidence for the physiological role and clinical significance of adiponectin in vascular health, identification of the receptor and post-receptor signaling events related to the protective effects of the adiponectin system on vascular compartments, and its potential use as a target for therapeutic intervention in vascular disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adiponectin/immunology
- Adiponectin/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue/immunology
- Adipose Tissue/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue/physiopathology
- Animals
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Humans
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/immunology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Prognosis
- Protective Factors
- Receptors, Adiponectin/metabolism
- Risk Factors
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Diseases/immunology
- Vascular Diseases/metabolism
- Vascular Diseases/physiopathology
- Vascular Diseases/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Somayeh Mohammadi
- Department of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Rafie Arefhosseini
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Fallah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bazi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Adya R, Tan BK, Randeva HS. Differential effects of leptin and adiponectin in endothelial angiogenesis. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:648239. [PMID: 25650072 PMCID: PMC4310451 DOI: 10.1155/2015/648239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major health burden with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Endothelial dysfunction is pivotal to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In relation to this, adipose tissue secreted factors termed "adipokines" have been reported to modulate endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we focus on two of the most abundant circulating adipokines, that is, leptin and adiponectin, in the development of endothelial dysfunction. Leptin has been documented to influence a multitude of organ systems, that is, central nervous system (appetite regulation, satiety factor) and cardiovascular system (endothelial dysfunction leading to atherosclerosis). Adiponectin, circulating at a much higher concentration, exists in different molecular weight forms, essentially made up of the collagenous fraction and a globular domain, the latter being investigated minimally for its involvement in proinflammatory processes including activation of NF-κβ and endothelial adhesion molecules. The opposing actions of the two forms of adiponectin in endothelial cells have been recently demonstrated. Additionally, a local and systemic change to multimeric forms of adiponectin has gained importance. Thus detailed investigations on the potential interplay between these adipokines would likely result in better understanding of the missing links connecting CVD, adipokines, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Adya
- Division of Translational and Systems Medicine-Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- *Raghu Adya:
| | - Bee K. Tan
- Division of Translational and Systems Medicine-Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| | - Harpal S. Randeva
- Division of Translational and Systems Medicine-Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Cai X, Li X, Li L, Huang XZ, Liu YS, Chen L, Zhang K, Wang L, Li X, Song J, Li S, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Adiponectin reduces carotid atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE-/- mice: roles of oxidative and nitrosative stress and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1715-21. [PMID: 25395016 PMCID: PMC4270320 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN) is an important anti-atherogenic adipocytokine. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of adiponectin in atherosclerotic plaque formation and clarify its mechanisms. An atherosclerosis model was induced by in vivo perivascular constrictive silica collar placement on the left common carotid arteries in male apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice. All of the mice were fed a high-fat diet, and divided into phosphate-buffered saline, adenovirus (Ad)-β-galactosidase and Ad-APN treatment groups. Compared with treatment of Ad-β-gal or PBS, Ad-APN treatment markedly reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression, decreased in nitric oxide/superoxide production, blocked peroxynitrite formation and reversed the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Adiponectin may be a natural molecule that reduces atherosclerosis by inhibiting iNOS and consequently diminishing oxidative/nitrative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Sheng Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jiantao Song
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shuzhen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Mei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Trifunovic D, Stankovic S, Marinkovic J, Beleslin B, Banovic M, Djukanovic N, Orlic D, Tesic M, Vujisic-Tesic B, Petrovic M, Nedeljkovic I, Stepanovic J, Djordjevic-Dikic A, Giga V, Ostojic M. Time-dependent changes of plasma adiponectin concentration in relation to coronary microcirculatory function in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention. J Cardiol 2014; 65:208-15. [PMID: 25012060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To analyze plasma adiponectin kinetics in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) and its association with coronary flow reserve (CFR), an index of coronary microcirculatory function. METHODS A total of 96 consecutive patients with the first anterior STEMI treated by pPCI without heart failure were included. CFR was assessed on the 7th day after pPCI. Plasma adiponectin was measured on admission before pPCI, and on the 2nd and 7th day after pPCI. RESULTS Adiponectin concentration was the highest on admission, declined to the lowest level on the 2nd day, and rose on the 7th day remaining below admission values. Impaired coronary microcirculatory function (CFR<2) was observed in 41% of the patients. Adiponectin concentrations significantly positively correlated with CFR, and the strongest correlation was with the 2nd day adiponectin (r=0.489, p<0.001). In multivariate models, adiponectin concentrations were independent predictors of impaired CFR [on admission: odds ratio (OR) 0.175, confidence interval (CI): 0.047-0.654, p=0.010; 2nd day: OR 0.146, 95% CI: 0.044-0.485, p=0.002; 7th day: OR 0.198, CI: 0.064-0.611, p=0.005]. The best power to predict impaired CFR was the 2nd day adiponectin. Delta values of adiponectin (differences between adiponectin concentrations) did not correlate with CFR. CONCLUSIONS In patients with the first anterior STEMI treated by pPCI plasma adiponectin concentrations before and after pPCI are strongly associated with CFR. Our results support the hypothesis that low adiponectin, especially during the early post-pPCI period, carries the risk for impaired coronary microcirculatory function in STEMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Trifunovic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sanja Stankovic
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, School of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Marinkovic
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Beleslin
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Banovic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Djukanovic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Orlic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milorad Tesic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bosiljka Vujisic-Tesic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Petrovic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Nedeljkovic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Stepanovic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic-Dikic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vojislav Giga
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Ostojic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Wang Y, Zheng A, Yan Y, Song F, Kong Q, Qin S, Zhang D. Association between HMW adiponectin, HMW-total adiponectin ratio and early-onset coronary artery disease in Chinese population. Atherosclerosis 2014; 235:392-7. [PMID: 24929819 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adiponectin is an adipose-secreting protein that shows atheroprotective property and has inverse relation with coronary artery disease (CAD). High-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin is reported as the active form of adiponectin. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association between total adiponectin, HMW adiponectin, HMW-total adiponectin ratio and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, and to compare their evaluative power for the risk of CAD. METHODS Serum levels of total and HMW adiponectin were measured in 382 early-onset CAD (EOCAD) patients and 305 matched controls undergoing coronary angiography by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gensini score was used to evaluate the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. RESULTS CAD onset age was positively correlated with HMW adiponectin (r = 0.383, P < 0.001) and HMW-total adiponectin ratio (r = 0.429, P < 0.001) in EOCAD patients. Total and HMW adiponectin and HMW-total adiponectin ratio were all inversely correlated with Gensini score (r = -0.417, r = -0.637, r = -0.578, respectively; all P < 0.001). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that HMW adiponectin and HMW-total adiponectin ratio were both inversely correlated with the risk of CAD (P < 0.05). ROC analysis indicated that areas under the ROC curves of HMW adiponectin and HMW-total adiponectin ratio were larger than that of total adiponectin (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Adiponectin is cardioprotective against coronary atherosclerosis onset in EOCAD patients. HMW adiponectin and HMW-total adiponectin ratio show stronger negative associations with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis than total adiponectin does. HMW adiponectin and HMW-total adiponectin ratio are effective biomarkers for the risk of CAD in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1#Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Aihua Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1#Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yunsheng Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1#Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fei Song
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1#Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qianran Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1#Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shu Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1#Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dongying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1#Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Lee S, Kwak HB. Role of adiponectin in metabolic and cardiovascular disease. J Exerc Rehabil 2014; 10:54-9. [PMID: 24877038 PMCID: PMC4025550 DOI: 10.12965/jer.140100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Under disease conditions including obesity (insulin resistance) and diabetes, dysregulation of adipokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, leptin, resistin, and adiponectin contribute to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Unlike other adipokines, adiponectin has been shown to be a therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Circulating levels of adiponectin are markedly reduced in obese, diabetic, hypertensive, and coronary artery disease patients as well as experimental animal models of insulin resistance and diabetes. Recently, the small molecule adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) agonist was discovered and suggested that the agonist is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes linked to obesity in an experimental mouse model. This review will focus on signaling pathways involved in adiponectin and its receptors and the role of adiponectin in metabolic and cardiovascular disease including insulin resistance, cardiomyopathy, and cardiovascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewon Lee
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
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Van de Voorde J, Pauwels B, Boydens C, Decaluwé K. Adipocytokines in relation to cardiovascular disease. Metabolism 2013; 62:1513-21. [PMID: 23866981 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue can be considered as a huge gland producing paracrine and endocrine hormones, the adipo(cyto)kines. There is growing evidence that these adipo(cyto)kines may link obesity to cardiovascular diseases. The excessive adipocyte hypertrophy in obesity induces hypoxia in adipose tissue. This leads to adiposopathy, the process that converts "healthy" adipose tissue to "sick" adipose tissue. This is accompanied by a change in profile of adipo(cyto)kines released, with less production of the "healthy" adipo(cyto)kines such as adiponectin and omentin and more release of the "unhealthy" adipo(cyto)kines, ultimately leading to the development of cardiovascular diseases. The present review provides a concise and general overview of the actual concepts of the role of adipo(cyto)kines in endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, atherosclerosis and heart diseases. The knowledge of these concepts may lead to new tools to improve health in the next generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Van de Voorde
- Department of Pharmacology, Vascular Research Unit, Ghent University, Belgium.
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do Sameiro Faria M, Ribeiro S, Nascimento H, Rocha-Pereira P, Miranda V, Mendonça D, Quintanilha A, Costa E, Belo L, Santos-Silva A. Adiponectin is an independent predictor of tissue plasminogen activator levels in patients under haemodialysis. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY AND NEPHROLOGY 2012; 46:461-465. [PMID: 22852746 DOI: 10.3109/00365599.2012.708943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) levels with clinical data of patients under haemodialysis (HD) and with several variables potentially related to endothelial function and dysfunction. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a cross-sectional study involving 189 Portuguese HD patients, circulating levels of t-PA, lipids, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and fibrin fragment D-dimer were measured. RESULTS Considering the entire population, t-PA correlated inversely and significantly with adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and positively and significantly with age, body mass index, PAI-1, IL-6, CRP, D-dimer, cholesterol and Ox-LDL. In multiple linear regression analysis PAI-1, age and adiponectin remained statistically associated with t-PA values (p < 0.01 for all). The weakest significant association (p = 0.046) was that found between t-PA and D-dimer. CONCLUSION Adiponectin is a main determinant of t-PA level, which may be a good marker of endothelial dysfunction in HD patients.
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Gardener H, Crisby M, Sjoberg C, Hudson B, Goldberg R, Mendez AJ, Wright CB, Rundek T, Elkind MSV, Sacco RL. Serum adiponectin in relation to race-ethnicity and vascular risk factors in the Northern Manhattan Study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2012; 11:46-55. [PMID: 23127161 DOI: 10.1089/met.2012.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-based data on serum adiponectin levels, an adipocytokine secreted from adipose tissue, are lacking, particularly across race-ethnic groups. Studies have suggested an inverse association between adiponectin and vascular risk factors, but data are limited and inconsistent. We examined the cross-sectional association between adiponectin, vascular risk factors and race-ethnicity in the population-based Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS). METHODS Blood samples, anthropomorphics, and vascular risk factors were collected at baseline. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted with log-transformed adiponectin as the dependent variable. RESULTS Adiponectin was measured among 2900 participants (age 69±10 years, body mass index (BMI) 28.0±5.6, 37% male, 21% white, 53% Hispanic, 24% black). The mean adiponectin was 11.4±6.2 μg/mL (median=9.8, range=2.1-53.3). After multivariable adjustment, adiponectin levels were greatest among whites, followed by Hispanics, and lowest among blacks. Lower adiponectin levels were observed in participants with the following characteristics: Male, former smoking, hypertension, diabetes, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), metabolic syndrome, moderate alcohol use, elevated waist circumference, BMI, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and younger age. Obesity was a stronger risk factor for decreased adiponectin among blacks than among whites or Hispanics. The associations for several vascular risk factors, including hypertension, triglycerides, and low HDL-C, with low adiponectin were stronger among individuals who were not obese than among those who were obese. CONCLUSIONS Adiponectin levels were lower among blacks and Hispanics and among those with various vascular risk factors, and greater with older age. The association between BMI and adiponectin varied across race-ethnic groups. Investigation of whether differences in body fat distribution may explain race-ethnic differences in adiponectin is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Gardener
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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Hypoadiponectinemia in obesity: association with insulin resistance. Indian J Clin Biochem 2012; 28:158-63. [PMID: 24426202 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-012-0246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is risk factor for insulin resistance, diabetes, and other chronic diseases. Adiponectin, an adipose-specific protein with antiatherogenic and antiinflammatory effects, were found to be associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and insulin resistance. Our aim to identify possible relationships between circulating adiponectin and obesity as well as obesity related phenotypes. A total of 642, obese and non-obese individuals were included in this cross-sectional study. Hormone and glucose levels were estimated using standard protocols. The adiponectin levels showed a significant decrease with increasing quartiles of insulin resistance index. Subjects in lowest quartile of adiponectin level had a significantly higher risk than those in the highest quartile, with higher body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, percentage body fat, fat mass, fasting insulin, insulin resistance index, total cholesterol (p < 0.001), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p = 0.001), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p = 0.002), and Triglyceride (p = 0.002). The present study indicates that adiponectin is significantly associated with obesity, insulin resistance and other obesity related phenotypes.
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Gaborit B, Kober F, Jacquier A, Moro PJ, Flavian A, Quilici J, Cuisset T, Simeoni U, Cozzone P, Alessi MC, Clément K, Bernard M, Dutour A. Epicardial fat volume is associated with coronary microvascular response in healthy subjects: a pilot study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:1200-5. [PMID: 21979392 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2011.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Epicardial fat (EF) is an active ectopic fat depot, which has been associated with coronary atherosclerosis, and which could early influence endothelial function. We thus investigated the relationship between EF and endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity of the coronary microcirculation, in highly selected healthy volunteers. Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was determined by measuring coronary sinus flow with velocity-encoded cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3T. We measured MBF at baseline and in response to sympathetic stimulation by cold pressor testing (CPT) in 30 healthy volunteers with normal left ventricular (LV) function (age 22 ± 4 years, BMI = 21.3 ± 2.8 kg/m(2)). EF volume was volumetrically assessed by manual delineation on short-axis views. CPT was applied by immersing one foot in ice water for 4 min. Mean EF volume was 56 ± 26 ml and mean LV mass 100 ± 28 g. CPT significantly increased heart rate (HR) by 32 ± 19%, systolic blood pressure by 14 ± 10%, and rate-pressure product by 45 ± 25%, P < 0.0001. The increase in HR, reflecting sympathetic stimulation, was not influenced by sex, age or EF volume. CPT induced a decrease in coronary vascular resistance (135 ± 72 vs. 100 ± 42 mm Hg.ml(-1).min.g, P = 0.0006), and a significant increase in MBF (0.81 ± 0.37 vs. 1.24 ± 0.56 ml.min(-1).g(-1), P < 0.0001). Interestingly, we found a significant negative correlation between EF volume and ΔMBF (r= - 0.40, P = 0.03), which remained significant after adjusting for ΔHR. ΔMBF was also associated with adiponectin (r = 0.41, P = 0.046), but not with waist circumference, BMI, C-reactive protein, lipid or glycemic parameters. In multivariate analysis, adiponectin and EF volume remained both independently associated with ΔMBF. A high EF amount is associated with a lower coronary microvascular response, suggesting that EF could early influence endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Gaborit
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), CNRS UMR 6612, Marseille, France.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED The global epidemic of obesity is accompanied by an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), in particular stroke and heart attack. Dysfunctional adipose tissue links obesity to CVD by secreting a multitude of bioactive lipids and pro-inflammatory factors (adipokines) with detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system. Adiponectin is one of the few adipokines that possesses multiple salutary effects on insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular health. Clinical investigations have identified adiponectin deficiency (hypoadiponectinaemia) as an independent risk factor for CVD. In animals, elevation of plasma adiponectin by either pharmacological or genetic approaches alleviates obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, and also prevents atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, many therapeutic benefits of the peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor gamma agonists, the thiazolidinediones, are mediated by induction of adiponectin. Adiponectin protects cardiovascular health through its vasodilator, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities in both cardiac and vascular cells. This review summarizes recent findings in the understanding of the physiological role and clinical relevance of adiponectin in cardiovascular health, and in the identification of the receptor and postreceptor signalling events that mediate the cardiovascular actions of adiponectin. It also discusses adiponectin-targeted drug discovery strategies for treating obesity, diabetes and CVD. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Fat and Vascular Responsiveness. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Hui
- Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Jeong HS, Hong SJ, Park JH, Kim JH, Choi SC, Ahn CM, Kim JS, Lim DS. Correlation Between Circulating Angiogenic Cell Mobilizations and Recovery of Coronary Flow Reserve in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circ J 2012; 76:1213-21. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-11-1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Saem Jeong
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital
| | - Soon Jun Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital
| | - Jae Hyoung Park
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital
| | - Jong-Ho Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital
| | - Seung Cheol Choi
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital
| | - Chul-Min Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital
| | - Je Sang Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital
| | - Do-Sun Lim
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital
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Chen X, O. Scholl T, Peter Stein T. Hypoadiponectinemia: Association with risk of varying degrees of gestational hyperglycemia and with maternal ethnicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/jdm.2012.22031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hwang HJ, Youn HJ, Lee MY, Park CS, Choi YS, Chung WB, Lee JB, Shim B. Change of coronary flow velocity during the cold pressor test is related to endothelial markers in subjects with chest pain and a normal coronary angiogram. Clin Cardiol 2011; 35:119-24. [PMID: 22102482 DOI: 10.1002/clc.20980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies demonstrated that endothelial or atherosclerotic biomarkers, including plasma free insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), adiponectin, and leptin have an influence on coronary endothelial function. HYPOTHESIS The aim of the present study was to investigate whether change of coronary flow velocity of the distal left anterior descending artery (LAD) during the cold pressor test (CPT) with transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTE) was associated with these biomarkers in subjects with chest pain and a normal coronary angiogram. METHODS In 190 subjects (mean age, 54±11 years; male:female, 113:77) with chest pain and a normal coronary angiogram, peak diastolic velocity (PDV) of the distal LAD during the CPT with TTE was assessed. Acetylcholine provocation test was performed in 58 subjects (mean age, 51±10 years) who were clinically suspected of vasospasm. CPT%PDV was defined as the percent change in PDV during the CPT. Associations between CPT%PDV and clinical parameters were analyzed. RESULTS According to multiple regression analysis, CPT%PDV was associated with plasma free IGF-I in the entire study population (β=0.295, P<0.001 in all subjects; β=0.341, P=0.001 in males; β=0.243, P=0.037 in females; β=0.303, P=0.002 in nonsmokers; and β=0.256, P=0.047 in smokers), and sCD40L in males (β=-0.269, P=0.008)and smokers (β=-0.261, P=0.046). Subjects with vasospasm to intracoronary acetylcholine had lower plasma free IGF-I(6.9±3.3 vs 8.9±3.4, P=0.026) and CPT%PDV (8.8±24.9 vs 52.7±26.0, P<0.001) than the others. Plasma adiponectin and leptin were not associated with CPT%PDV. CONCLUSIONS Change of coronary flow velocity assessed using the CPT with TTE may be related to endothelial markers, especially plasma free IGF-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jeong Hwang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Ding M, Carrão AC, Wagner RJ, Xie Y, Jin Y, Rzucidlo EM, Yu J, Li W, Tellides G, Hwa J, Aprahamian TR, Martin KA. Vascular smooth muscle cell-derived adiponectin: a paracrine regulator of contractile phenotype. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 52:474-84. [PMID: 21952104 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is a cardioprotective adipokine derived predominantly from visceral fat. We recently demonstrated that exogenous adiponectin induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation via repression of mTORC1 and FoxO4. Here we report for the first time that VSMC express and secrete adiponectin, which acts in an autocrine and paracrine manner to regulate VSMC contractile phenotype. Adiponectin was found to be expressed in human coronary artery and mouse aortic VSMC. Importantly, siRNA knock-down of endogenous adiponectin in VSMC significantly reduced the expression of VSMC contractile proteins. Contractile protein deficiency was also observed in primary VSMC isolated from Adiponectin(-/-) mice. This deficiency could be rescued by culturing Adiponectin(-/-) VSMC in conditioned media from wild type (WT) VSMC. Moreover, the paracrine effect of VSMC-derived adiponectin was confirmed as adiponectin neutralizing antibody blocked the rescue. Overexpressed adiponectin also exerted paracrine effects on neighboring untransfected VSMC, which was also blocked by adiponectin neutralizing antibody. Interestingly, adiponectin expression was inducible by the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone. Our data support an important role for VSMC-derived adiponectin in maintaining VSMC contractile phenotype, contributing to critical cardioprotective functions in the vascular wall. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Local Signaling in Myocytes".
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ding
- Dartmouth Medical School, Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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Koh SB, Yoon J, Kim JY, Yoo BS, Lee SH, Park JK, Choe KH. Relationships between serum adiponectin with metabolic syndrome and components of metabolic syndrome in non-diabetic Koreans: ARIRANG study. Yonsei Med J 2011; 52:234-41. [PMID: 21319340 PMCID: PMC3051212 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2011.52.2.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Growing evidence suggests that hypoadiponectinemia may play a significant role in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, the relationships between serum adiponectin with MetS and components of MetS were investigated in non-diabetic samples of drawn from the Koreans general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study in samples of older Koreans (age > 40 years) including 2,471 men and 3,463 women. MetS was defined according to the Asian modified criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III report. Serum adiponectin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS The median adiponectin level in MetS was significantly lower than that in non-MetS subjects in men (6.00 vs. 8.00 μg/mL, p < 0.001) and women (10.12 vs. 11.74 μg/mL, p < 0.001). Adiponectin concentration was negatively correlated with waist circumference and levels of triglyceride, C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting glucose, and insulin, and positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein and age in both genders (p < 0.001). In a multivariate regression model after adjustment for age, body mass index, smoking, CRP, and lipid profiles, the odds ratio of MetS comparing extreme quartiles of adiponectin distribution was 0.32 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.20 to 0.50] in men and 0.57 (95% CI, 0.43 to 0.76) in women. CONCLUSION Adiponectin levels are independently associated with the phenotype of MetS, as well as components of MetS in the non-diabetic Korean general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Baek Koh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Junghan Yoon
- Department of Cardiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jang-Young Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Byung-Su Yoo
- Department of Cardiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jong-Ku Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Choe
- Department of Cardiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
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Elshemey WM, Desouky OS, Fekry MM, Talaat SM, Elsayed AA. The diagnostic capability of x-ray scattering parameters for the characterization of breast cancer. Med Phys 2010; 37:4257-65. [PMID: 20879586 DOI: 10.1118/1.3465046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wael M Elshemey
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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Deng G, Long Y, Yu YR, Li MR. Adiponectin directly improves endothelial dysfunction in obese rats through the AMPK-eNOS Pathway. Int J Obes (Lond) 2009; 34:165-71. [PMID: 19823181 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2009.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypoadiponectinemia has been proved to be closely related to endothelial dysfunction in peripheral arteries and is thought to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to investigate whether adiponectin might independently improve endothelial dysfunction in aorta isolated from high-fat-diet-induced obese. Sprague-Dawley rat and to study the mechanism involved. RESEARCH DESIGN AND SUBJECTS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a regular or a high-fat diet for 6 weeks. The aorta was isolated, and vascular segments were incubated with vehicle or the globular adiponectin (globular domain (gAD); 2 mg ml(-1)) for 2 h. The effect of gAD on endothelial function and nitric oxide (NO) production was determined. Human aortic endothelial cells in primary culture were treated with vehicle or gAD (4 mg ml(-1)). The effect of gAD on the level of phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) at Ser1177, AMPK at Thr176 and Akt at Ser473 in endothelial cells were determined. RESULTS Severe endothelial dysfunction was observed in high-fat diet fed rat aortic segments. After gAd incubation, the endothelium-dependent relaxation was partly improved and total production of nitric oxide as result of enhanced eNOS activity was also increased. In the cultured endothelial cell line HUVEC, globular adiponectin increased the activity of eNOS through activating AMPK by stimulating its phosphorylation at Thr176 but not Akt. CONCLUSION The demonstration in the current study that adiponectin reverses endothelial dysfunction through increasing NO production by eNOS phosphorylation, and decreasing NO inactivation by blocking superoxide production provides a new direction in the prevention of vascular injury in the obesity population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
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Ying ZQ, Zhong DD, Xu G, Chen MY, Chen QY. Adiponectin levels are associated with the number and activity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with coronary artery disease. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2009; 10:368-74. [PMID: 19434763 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b0820285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between plasma adiponectin concentration and the functional activities of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS Circulating EPCs were enumerated as AC133(+)/KDR(+) cells via flow cytometry and identified by co-staining with DiI-acLDL and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated lectin under a fluorescent microscope. The migratory capacity of EPCs was measured by modified Boyden chamber assay. Adhesion capacity was performed to count adherent cells after replating EPCs on six-well culture dishes coated with fibronectin. RESULTS The number of circulating EPCs (AC133(+)/KDR(+) cells) decreased significantly in CAD patients, compared with control subjects [(74.2+/-12.3) vs (83.5+/-12.9) cells/ml blood, P<0.01]. In addition, the number of EPCs also decreased in CAD patients after ex vivo cultivation [(54.4+/-8.6) vs (71.9+/-11.6) EPCs/field, P<0.01]. Both circulating EPCs and differentiated EPCs were positively correlated with plasma adiponectin concentration. The functional activities of EPCs from CAD patients, such as migratory and adherent capacities, were also impaired, compared with control subjects, and positively correlated with plasma adiponectin concentration. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that the impairment of the number and functional activities of EPCs in CAD patients is correlated with their lower plasma adiponectin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-qiang Ying
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Proinflammatory Cytokine Changes in Clinically Stable, Virologically Suppressed, HIV-Infected Patients Switching From Protease Inhibitors to Abacavir. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2009; 50:552-3. [DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e318198a21a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypoadiponectinemia is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Pioglitazone has been shown to increase levels of adiponectin in diabetic patients. We sought to assess whether administration of pioglitazone to patients with CAD and without diabetes would affect plasma adiponectin levels and endothelial function. METHODS Seventeen patients with stable CAD and without evidence of diabetes were treated for 12 weeks with pioglitazone hydrochloride 30 mg daily. Adiponectin levels and endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation (ED-FMD) measurements were obtained pretreatment, posttreatment, and after a 12-week washout period. RESULTS Treatment with pioglitazone increased adiponectin levels from an average of 10.6 to 21.1 microg/ml (P=0.001) and improved ED-FMD from 4.45 to 8.43% (P=0.001). CONCLUSION Treatment with pioglitazone increased plasma adiponectin levels and improved ED-FMD in patients with stable CAD and no evidence of diabetes or insulin resistance.
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A new frame in thromboembolic cardiovascular disease: Adipocytokine. Int J Cardiol 2008; 139:100-2. [PMID: 18723235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 06/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent researches have shown that adipocytokines secreted by adipose tissue play an important role in inflammation which is considered to be a crucial step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Leptin, one of the earlier adipocytokines, is known to play a major role in cardiovascular disease and recent observations suggest that leptin is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. Resistin, another recently discovered adipocytokine, has been related to risk factors of atherosclerosis, and in diabetic individuals serum resistin levels correlate well with inflammatory markers and are predictive for the development of cardiovascular disease. Adiponectin, another adipocytokine of interest in recent years, seems to be the most promising one studied to date. In contrast to leptin and resistin, adiponectin seems to be beneficial for health and it is a protective factor and decreased in obesity. However, many other factors derived from adipose tissue have also been discovered, such as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, apelin, visfatin and probably others awaiting discovery in the near future. In this paper, we discussed the role of adipocytokines in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Effect of weight loss on coronary circulation and adiponectin levels in obese women. Int J Cardiol 2008; 134:414-6. [PMID: 18378021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 12/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is independently associated with coronary endothelial dysfunction. Adiponectin, a protein whose circulating levels are decreased in obesity, has direct effects on vascular function. The aim of this study was to investigate in obese women the effect of sustained weight loss on coronary circulation and circulating adiponectin levels. METHODS Coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR), assessed by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE), blood pressure, lipid, glucose and insulin, HOMA scores, CRP-protein (CRP), and adiponectin parameters were investigated in forty obese pre-menopausal women and 40 healthy matched normal weight women at baseline and after sustained weight loss. RESULTS At baseline, the obese group had significantly higher fasting glucose (P<0.05), insulin concentrations (P<0.01), HOMA scores (P<0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (P<0.001) and lower plasma adiponectin levels (P<0.001) than the controls. CFVR was significantly lower in obese group than in the normal weight group (P<0.05). After 12 months of a multidisciplinary program of weight reduction, obese women lost at least 10% of their original weight. Fasting glucose (<0.001) and insulin concentrations (P<0.001), HOMA scores (P<0.001), CRP levels (P<0.01) were significant reduced, whereas adiponectin levels (P<0.001) and HDL cholesterol (P<0.05) showed a significant increment. CFVR value significantly improved in obese subjects (P<0.001). There was a significant correlation between changes in CFVR and changes in adiponectin levels (r=0.47, P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that adiponectin was the only independent predictor of change in CFVR (r=0.38, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In obese women the weight loss improves coronary circulation and increases adiponectin levels. The improvement in coronary circulation is associated with adiponectin levels.
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Vascular effects of adiponectin: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic intervention. Clin Sci (Lond) 2008; 114:361-74. [PMID: 18230060 DOI: 10.1042/cs20070347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is a major adipocyte-secreted adipokine abundantly present in the circulation as three distinct oligomeric complexes. In addition to its role as an insulin sensitizer, mounting evidence suggests that adiponectin is an important player in maintaining vascular homoeostasis. Numerous epidemiological studies based on different ethnic groups have identified adiponectin deficiency (hypoadiponectinaemia) as an independent risk factor for endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular complications. Conversely, elevation of circulating adiponectin concentrations by either genetic or pharmacological approaches can alleviate various vascular dysfunctions in animal models. Adiponectin exerts its vasculoprotective effects through its direct actions in the vascular system, such as increasing endothelial NO production, inhibiting endothelial cell activation and endothelium-leucocyte interaction, enhancing phagocytosis, and suppressing macrophage activation, macrophage-to-foam cell transformation and platelet aggregation. In addition, adiponectin reduces neointima formation through an oligomerization-dependent inhibition of smooth muscle proliferation. The present review highlights recent research advances in unveiling the molecular mechanisms that underpin the vascular actions of adiponectin and discusses the potential strategies of using adiponectin or its signalling pathways as therapeutic targets to combat obesity-related metabolic and vascular diseases.
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