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Liao J, Fu L, Tai S, Xu Y, Wang S, Guo L, Guo D, Du Y, He J, Yang H, Hu X, Tao L, Shen X. Essential oil from Fructus Alpiniae zerumbet ameliorates vascular endothelial cell senescence in diabetes by regulating PPAR-γ signalling: A 4D label-free quantitative proteomics and network pharmacology study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117550. [PMID: 38065350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Vascular endothelial cell senescence is associated with cardiovascular complications in diabetes. Essential oil from Fructus Alpiniae zerumbet (Pers.) B.L.Burtt & R.M.Sm. (EOFAZ) has potentially beneficial and promising diabetes-related vascular endothelial cell senescence-mitigating effects; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the molecular effects of EOFAZ on vascular endothelial cell senescence in diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A diabetes mouse model was developed using a high-fat and high-glucose diet (HFD) combined with intraperitoneal injection of low-dose streptozotocin (STZ, 30 mg/kg) and oral treatment with EOFAZ. 4D label-free quantitative proteomics, network pharmacology, and molecular docking techniques were employed to explore the molecular mechanisms via which EOFAZ alleviates diabetes-related vascular endothelial cell senescence. A human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) senescence model was developed using high palmitic acid and high glucose (PA/HG) concentrations in vitro. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, SA-β-galactosidase staining, cell cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell migration, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays were performed to determine the protective role of EOFAZ against vascular endothelial cell senescence in diabetes. Moreover, the PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone, inhibitor GW9662, and siRNA were used to verify the underlying mechanism by which EOFAZ combats vascular endothelial cell senescence in diabetes. RESULTS EOFAZ treatment ameliorated abnormal lipid metabolism, vascular histopathological damage, and vascular endothelial aging in diabetic mice. Proteomics and network pharmacology analysis revealed that the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and drug-disease targets were associated with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) signalling pathway, a key player in vascular endothelial cell senescence. Molecular docking indicated that the small-molecule compounds in EOFAZ had a high affinity for the PPAR-γ protein. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses confirmed the significance of DEPs and the involvement of the PPAR-γ signalling pathway. In vitro, EOFAZ and rosiglitazone treatment reversed the effects of PA/HG on the number of senescent endothelial cells, expression of senescence-related proteins, the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase, ROS levels, cell migration rate, and expression of pro-inflammatory factors. The protective effects of EOFAZ against vascular endothelial cell senescence in diabetes were aborted following treatment with GW9662 or PPAR-γ siRNA. CONCLUSIONS EOFAZ ameliorates vascular endothelial cell senescence in diabetes by activating PPAR-γ signalling. The results of the present study highlight the potential beneficial and promising therapeutic effects of EOFAZ and provide a basis for its clinical application in diabetes-related vascular endothelial cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Liao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and the High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China.
| | - Lingyun Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and the High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China.
| | - Shidie Tai
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and the High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China.
| | - Yini Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and the High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China.
| | - Shengquan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and the High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China.
| | - Linlin Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China.
| | - Die Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and the High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China.
| | - Youqi Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and the High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China.
| | - Jinggang He
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and the High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang, 550003, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and the High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, 550004, Guiyang, China.
| | - Ling Tao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and the High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, 550004, Guiyang, China.
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and the High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, 550025, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, 550004, Guiyang, China.
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Bocian-Jastrzębska A, Malczewska-Herman A, Kos-Kudła B. Role of Leptin and Adiponectin in Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4250. [PMID: 37686525 PMCID: PMC10486522 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormones produced by adipocytes, leptin and adiponectin, are associated with the process of carcinogenesis. Both of these adipokines have well-proven oncologic potential and can affect many aspects of tumorigenesis, from initiation and primary tumor growth to metastatic progression. Involvement in the formation of cancer includes interactions with the tumor microenvironment and its components, such as tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, extracellular matrix and matrix metalloproteinases. Furthermore, these adipokines participate in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and connect to angiogenesis, which is critical for cancer invasiveness and cancer cell migration. In addition, an enormous amount of evidence has demonstrated that altered concentrations of these adipocyte-derived hormones and the expression of their receptors in tumors are associated with poor prognosis in various types of cancer. Therefore, leptin and adiponectin dysfunction play a prominent role in cancer and impact tumor invasion and metastasis in different ways. This review clearly and comprehensively summarizes the recent findings and presents the role of leptin and adiponectin in cancer initiation, promotion and progression, focusing on associations with the tumor microenvironment and its components as well as roles in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Bocian-Jastrzębska
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland; (A.M.-H.); (B.K.-K.)
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Vasamsetti SB, Natarajan N, Sadaf S, Florentin J, Dutta P. Regulation of cardiovascular health and disease by visceral adipose tissue-derived metabolic hormones. J Physiol 2023; 601:2099-2120. [PMID: 35661362 PMCID: PMC9722993 DOI: 10.1113/jp282728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a metabolic organ known to regulate fat mass, and glucose and nutrient homeostasis. VAT is an active endocrine gland that synthesizes and secretes numerous bioactive mediators called 'adipocytokines/adipokines' into systemic circulation. These adipocytokines act on organs of metabolic importance like the liver and skeletal muscle. Multiple preclinical and in vitro studies showed strong evidence of the roles of adipocytokines in the regulation of metabolic disorders like diabetes, obesity and insulin resistance. Adipocytokines, such as adiponectin and omentin, are anti-inflammatory and have been shown to prevent atherogenesis by increasing nitric oxide (NO) production by the endothelium, suppressing endothelium-derived inflammation and decreasing foam cell formation. By inhibiting differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) into osteoblasts, adiponectin and omentin prevent vascular calcification. On the other hand, adipocytokines like leptin and resistin induce inflammation and endothelial dysfunction that leads to vasoconstriction. By promoting VSMC migration and proliferation, extracellular matrix degradation and inflammatory polarization of macrophages, leptin and resistin increase the risk of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and rupture. Additionally, the plasma concentrations of these adipocytokines alter in ageing, rendering older humans vulnerable to cardiovascular disease. The disturbances in the normal physiological concentrations of these adipocytokines secreted by VAT under pathological conditions impede the normal functions of various organs and affect cardiovascular health. These adipokines could be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Babu Vasamsetti
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center-University Drive, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Niranjana Natarajan
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Samreen Sadaf
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center-University Drive, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Florentin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Partha Dutta
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center-University Drive, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 15213
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 15213
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Tseng SY, Chang HY, Li YH, Chao TH. Effects of Cilostazol on Angiogenesis in Diabetes through Adiponectin/Adiponectin Receptors/Sirtuin1 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314839. [PMID: 36499166 PMCID: PMC9739574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilostazol is an antiplatelet agent with vasodilating effects that functions by increasing the intracellular concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. We have previously shown that cilostazol has favorable effects on angiogenesis. However, there is no study to evaluate the effects of cilostazol on adiponectin. We investigated the effects of cilostazol on angiogenesis in diabetes in vitro and in vivo through adiponectin/adiponectin receptors (adipoRs) and the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were cocultured under high glucose (HG) conditions. Adiponectin concentrations in the supernatants were significantly increased when HASMCs were treated with cilostazol but not significantly changed when only HUVECs were treated with cilostazol. Cilostazol treatment enhanced the expression of SIRT1 and upregulated the phosphorylation of AMPK in HG-treated HUVECs. By sequential knockdown of adipoRs, SIRT1, and AMPK, our data demonstrated that cilostazol prevented apoptosis and stimulated proliferation, chemotactic motility, and capillary-like tube formation in HG-treated HUVECs through the adipoRs/SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway. The phosphorylation of downstream signaling molecules, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), was downregulated when HUVECs were treated with a SIRT1 inhibitor. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, cilostazol treatment could improve blood flow recovery 21-28 days after inducing hindlimb ischemia as well as increase the circulating of CD34+CD45dim cells 14-21 days after operation; moreover, these effects were significantly attenuated by the knockdown of adipoR1 but not adipoR2. The expression of SIRT1 and phosphorylation of AMPK/ACC and Akt/eNOS in ischemic muscles were significantly attenuated by the gene knockdown of adipoRs. Cilostazol improves HG-induced endothelial dysfunction in vascular endothelial cells and enhances angiogenesis in diabetic mice by upregulating the expression of adiponectin/adipoRs and its SIRT1/AMPK downstream signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ya Tseng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Heng Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsing Chao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Health Management Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-23523535 (ext. 2392); Fax: +886-6-2753834
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Roy B, Pan G, Giri S, Thandavarayan RA, Palaniyandi SS. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 augments adiponectin signaling in coronary angiogenesis in HFpEF associated with diabetes. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22440. [PMID: 35815932 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200498r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE), an oxidative stress byproduct, is elevated in diabetes which decreases coronary angiogenesis, and this was rescued by the 4HNE detoxifying enzyme, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). Adiponectin (APN), an adipocytokine, has pro-angiogenic properties and its loss of function is critical in diabetes and its complications. Coronary endothelial cell (CEC) damage is the initiating step of diabetes-mediated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) pathogenesis. Thus, we hypothesize that ALDH2 restores 4HNE-induced downregulation of APN signaling in CECs and subsequent coronary angiogenesis in diabetic HFpEF. Treatment with disulfiram, an ALDH2 inhibitor, exacerbated 4HNE-mediated decreases in APN-induced increased coronary angiogenesis and APN-signaling cascades, whereas pretreatment with alda1, an ALDH2 activator, rescued the effect of 4HNE. We employed control mice (db/m), spontaneous type-2 diabetic mice (db/db), ALDH2*2 knock-in mutant mice with intrinsic low ALDH2 activity (AL), and diabetic mice with intrinsic low ALDH2 activity (AF) mice that were created by crossing db/db and AL mice to test our hypothesis in vivo. AF mice exhibited heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)/severe diastolic dysfunction at 6 months with a preserved systolic function compared with db/db mice as well as 3 months of their age. Decreased APN-mediated coronary angiogenesis, along with increased circulatory APN levels and decreased cardiac APN signaling (index of APN resistance) were higher in AF mice relative to db/db mice. Alda1 treatment improved APN-mediated angiogenesis in AF and db/db mice. In summary, 4HNE-induces APN resistance and a subsequent decrease in coronary angiogenesis in diabetic mouse heart which was rescued by ALDH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipradas Roy
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Guodong Pan
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Shailendra Giri
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Suresh Selvaraj Palaniyandi
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Adiponectin ameliorates hyperoxia-induced lung endothelial dysfunction and promotes angiogenesis in neonatal mice. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:545-555. [PMID: 33767374 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common respiratory disease of preterm infants. Lower circulatory/intrapulmonary levels of the adipokine, adiponectin (APN), occur in premature and small-for-gestational-age infants and at saccular/alveolar stages of lung development in the newborn rat. However, the role of low intrapulmonary APN during hyperoxia exposure in developing lungs is unknown. METHODS We test the hypothesis that treatment of hyperoxia-exposed newborn mice with recombinant APN protein attenuates the BPD phenotype characterized by inflammation, impaired alveolarization, and dysregulated vascularization. We used developmentally appropriate in vitro and in vivo BPD modeling systems as well as human lung tissue. RESULTS We observed reduced levels of intrapulmonary APN in experimental BPD mice and human BPD lungs. APN-deficient (APN-/-) newborn mice exposed to moderate (60% O2) hyperoxia showed a worse BPD pulmonary phenotype (inflammation, enhanced endothelial dysfunction, impaired pulmonary vasculature, and alveolar simplification) as compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Treatment of hyperoxia-exposed newborn WT mice with recombinant APN protein attenuated the BPD phenotype (diminished inflammation, decreased pulmonary vascular injury, and improved pulmonary alveolarization) and improved pulmonary function tests. CONCLUSIONS Low intrapulmonary APN is associated with disruption of lung development during hyperoxia exposure, while recombinant APN protein attenuates the BPD pulmonary phenotype. IMPACT Intrapulmonary APN levels were significantly decreased in lungs of experimental BPD mice and human BPD lung tissue at various stages of BPD development. Correlative data from human lung samples with decreased APN levels were associated with increased lung adhesion markers (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin). Decreased APN levels were associated with endothelial dysfunction and moderate BPD phenotype in APN-deficient, as compared to WT, experimental BPD mice. WT experimental BPD mice treated with recombinant APN protein had an improved pulmonary structural and functional phenotype. Exogenous APN may be considered as a potential therapeutic agent to prevent BPD.
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Proliferin-1 Ameliorates Cardiotoxin-Related Skeletal Muscle Repair in Mice. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9202990. [PMID: 34950212 PMCID: PMC8692050 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9202990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We recently demonstrated that proliferin-1 (PLF-1) functions as an apoptotic cell-derived growth factor and plays an important role in vascular pathobiology. We therefore investigated its role in muscle regeneration in response to cardiotoxin injury. Methods and Results To determine the effects of PLF-1 on muscle regeneration, we used a CTX-induced skeletal muscle injury model in 9-week-old male mice that were administered with the recombinant PLF-1 (rPLF-1) or neutralizing PLF-1 antibody. The injured muscles exhibited increased levels of PLF-1 gene expression in a time-dependent manner. On day 14 after injury, rPLF-1 supplementation ameliorated CTX-induced alterations in muscle fiber size, interstitial fibrosis, muscle regeneration capacity, and muscle performance. On day 3 postinjury, rPLF-1 increased the levels of proteins or genes for p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-GSK3α/β, p-Erk1/2, p-p38MAPK, interleukin-10, Pax7, MyoD, and Cyclin B1, and it increased the numbers of CD34+/integrin-α7+ muscle stem cells and proliferating cells in the muscles and/or bone marrow of CTX mice. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that rPLF-1 suppressed the levels of plasma tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in CTX mice. PLF-1 blocking accelerated CTX-related muscle damage and dysfunction. In C2C12 myoblasts, rPLF-1 increased the levels of proteins for p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-GSK3α/β, p-Erk1/2, and p-p38MAPK as well as cellular functions; and these effects were diminished by the depletion of PLF-1 or silencing of its mannose-6-phosphate receptor. Conclusions These findings demonstrated that PLF-1 can improve skeletal muscle repair in response to injury, possibly via the modulation of inflammation and proliferation and regeneration, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for the management of skeletal muscle diseases.
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Zhang S, Li P, Xin M, Jin X, Zhao L, Nan Y, Cheng XW. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition prevents lung injury in mice under chronic stress via the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Exp Anim 2021; 70:541-552. [PMID: 34219073 PMCID: PMC8614009 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chronic psychosocial stress is a risk factor for various pulmonary diseases. In view of the essential role of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) in animal and human lung pathobiology, we investigated the role of DPP4 in stress-related lung injury in mice. Eight-week-old male mice were randomly divided into a non-stress group and a 2-week immobilization stress group. Non-stress control mice were left undisturbed. The mice subjected to immobilized stress were randomly assigned to the vehicle or the DPP4 inhibitor anagliptin for 2 weeks. Chronic stress reduced subcutaneous and inguinal adipose volumes and increased blood DPP4 levels. The stressed mice showed increased levels in the lungs of genes and/or proteins related to oxidative stress (p67phox, p47phox, p22phox and gp91phox), inflammation (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and intracellular adhesion molecule-1), apoptosis (caspase-3, -8, -9), senescence (p16INK4A, p21, and p53) and proteolysis (matrix metalloproteinase-2 to -9, cathepsin S/K, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -2), and reduced levels of eNOS, Sirt1, and Bcl-2 proteins; and these effects were reversed by genetic and pharmacological inhibitions of DPP4. We then exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro to hydrogen peroxide; anagliptin treatment was also observed to mitigate oxidative and inflammatory molecules in this setting. Anagliptin can improve lung injury in stressed mice, possibly by mitigating vascular inflammation, oxidative stress production, and proteolysis. DPP4 may become a new therapeutic target for chronic psychological stress-related lung disease in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union, Medical College
| | - Minglong Xin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Xianglan Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Longguo Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Yongshan Nan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital
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Increased dipeptidyl peptidase-4 accelerates chronic stress-related thrombosis in a mouse carotid artery model. J Hypertens 2021; 38:1504-1513. [PMID: 32205561 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to chronic psychosocial stress is a risk factor for metabolic cardiovascular disorders. Given that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) has an important role in human pathobiology, we investigated the role of DPP-4 in stress-related thrombosis in mice, focusing on oxidative stress and the von Willebrand factor (vWF)-cleaving protease ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13). METHODS AND RESULTS Male mice randomly assigned to nonstress and 2-week immobilized-stress groups underwent iron chloride3 (FeCl3)-induced carotid artery thrombosis surgery for morphological and biochemical studies at specific times. On day 14 post-stress/surgery, stress had enhanced the lengths and weights of arterial thrombi, with alterations of plasma DPP-4, plasminogen activation inhibitor-1 and ADAMTS13. The stressed mice had increased levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, gp91phox, p22phox, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, cathepsins S and K mRNAs and/or proteins, and reduced levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, catalase and superoxide dismutase-1 mRNAs and/or proteins. Stress also accelerated arterial endothelial cell damage. The DPP-4 inhibitor anagliptin ameliorated the stress-induced targeted molecular and morphological changes and thrombosis. In vitro, DPP-4 inhibition also mitigated the alterations in the targeted ADAMTS13 and other oxidative and inflammatory molecules in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in response to H2O2. CONCLUSION DPP-4 inhibition appeared to improve the FeCl3-induced thrombosis in mice that received stress, possibly via the improvement of ADAMTS13 and oxidative stress, suggesting that DPP-4 could become a novel therapeutic target for chronic psychological stress-related thrombotic events in metabolic cardiovascular disorders.
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10
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Zhu D, Xu L, Wei X, Xia B, Gong Y, Li Q, Chen X. PPARγ enhanced Adiponectin polymerization and trafficking by promoting RUVBL2 expression during adipogenic differentiation. Gene 2020; 764:145100. [PMID: 32877748 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation is an essential part of adipose tissue development, and is closely related to obesity and obesity-related diseases. In this study, we found that the expression of PPARγ, RUVBL2 and Adiponectin were concurrently obviously increased in the 5th-7th day of 3T3-L1 cell differentiation. PPARγ overexpression or the PPARγ activator facilitated Adiponectin trafficking and secretion and upregulated RUVBL2 expression as well as AS160 phosphorylation during adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Consistently RUVBL2 overexpression also enhanced the polymerization and secretion of Adiponectin, in contrast, RUVBL2 knockdown reduced Adiponectin secretion. Further, PPARγ significantly enhanced RUVBL2 promoter activity and transcription. The progressive deletions and mutations of RUVBL2 promoter for PPARγ binding sites suggested that the PPARγ binding motif situated at -804/-781 bp is an essential component required for RUVBL2 promoter activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays determined that PPARγ can directly interact with the RUVBL2 promoter DNA. Taken together, these data suggest that PPARγ promotes the expression, polymerization and secretion of Adiponectin by activating RUVBL2 transcriptionally, which accelerates 3T3-L1 cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiyun Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Le Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xuan Wei
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Benzeng Xia
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yuqing Gong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Qinjin Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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11
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He Y, Liu B, Yao P, Shao Y, Cheng Y, Zhao J, Wu J, Zhao ZW, Huang W, Christopher TA, Lopez B, Ma X, Cao Y. Adiponectin inhibits cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation‑induced apoptosis in brain by increasing autophagy involved in AdipoR1‑AMPK signaling. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:870-878. [PMID: 32468051 PMCID: PMC7339636 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that both apoptosis and autophagy contribute to global cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion (GCIR)‑induced neuronal death, which results from cardiac arrest (CA). However, the mechanism of how GCIR may affect the balance between apoptosis and autophagy resulting from CA remains to be elucidated. Additionally, the role of adiponectin (APN) in reversing the apoptosis and autophagy induced by GCIR following cardiac arrest‑cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA‑CPR) is unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate how GCIR affect the apoptosis and autophagy in response to CA and to clarify whether APN may alter the apoptosis and autophagy of neuronal death in GCIR‑injured brain post‑CA‑CPR. Using normal controls (Sham group) and two experimental groups [CA‑CPR‑induced GCIR injury (PCAS) group and exogenous treatment with adiponectin post‑CA‑CPR (APN group)], it was demonstrated that both apoptosis and autophagy were observed simultaneously in the brain subjected to GCIR, but apoptosis appeared to be more apparent. Exogenous administration of APN significantly reduced the formation of malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress and increased the expression of superoxide dismutase, an anti‑oxidative enzyme, resulting in the stimulation of autophagy, inhibition of apoptosis and reduced brain tissue injury (P<0.05 vs. PCAS). APN treatment increased the expression of APN receptor 1 (AdipR1) and the phosphorylation of AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK; Ser182) in brain tissues. In conclusion, GCIR induced apoptosis and inhibited autophagy, contributing to brain injury in CA‑CPR. By contrast, APN reduced the brain injury by reversing the changes of neuronal autophagy and apoptosis induced by GCIR. The possible mechanism might owe to its effects on the activation of AMPK after combining with AdipR1 on neurons, which suggests a novel intervention against GCIR injury in CA‑CPR conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarong He
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Bofu Liu
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Peng Yao
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Shao
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yanwei Cheng
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Wu
- West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Wei Zhao
- West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wen Huang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Theodore A Christopher
- Emergency Medicine Department, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Bernard Lopez
- Emergency Medicine Department, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Emergency Medicine Department, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Yu Cao
- Emergency Medicine Department, West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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12
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Shah D, Torres C, Bhandari V. Adiponectin deficiency induces mitochondrial dysfunction and promotes endothelial activation and pulmonary vascular injury. FASEB J 2019; 33:13617-13631. [PMID: 31585050 PMCID: PMC6894062 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901123r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN), an adipocyte-derived adipokine, has been shown to limit lung injury originating from endothelial cell (EC) damage. Previously we reported that obese mice with low circulatory APN levels exhibited pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction. This study was designed to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pulmonary endothelium-dependent protective effects of APN. Our results demonstrated that in APN-/- mice, there was an inherent state of endothelium mitochondrial dysfunction that could contribute to endothelial activation and increased susceptibility to LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI). We noted that APN-/- mice showed decreased expression of mitochondrial biogenesis regulatory protein peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) and its downstream proteins nuclear respiratory factor 1, transcription factor A, mitochondrial, and Sirtuin (Sirt)3 and Sirt1 expression in whole lungs and in freshly isolated lung ECs from these mice at baseline and subjected to LPS-induced ALI. We further showed that treating APN-/- mice with PGC-1α activator pyrroloquinoline quinone enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and function in lung endothelium and attenuation of ALI. These results suggest that the pulmonary endothelium-protective properties of APN are mediated, at least in part, by an enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis through a mechanism involving PGC-1α activation.-Shah, D., Torres, C., Bhandari, V. Adiponectin deficiency induces mitochondrial dysfunction and promotes endothelial activation and pulmonary vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claudio Torres
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vineet Bhandari
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Xu W, Yu C, Piao L, Inoue A, Wang H, Meng X, Li X, Cui L, Umegaki H, Shi GP, Murohara T, Kuzuya M, Cheng XW. Cathepsin S-Mediated Negative Regulation of Wnt5a/SC35 Activation Contributes to Ischemia-Induced Neovascularization in Aged Mice. Circ J 2019; 83:2537-2546. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-19-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhu Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Chenglin Yu
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Limei Piao
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital
- Department of Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Aiko Inoue
- Department of Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hailong Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Xiangkun Meng
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital
- Department of Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Lan Cui
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital
| | - Hiroyuki Umegaki
- Department of Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- Department of Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital
- Department of Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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14
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Yu J, Zhu H, Taheri S, Perry S, Kindy MS. The Effect of Diet on Improved Endurance in Male C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081101. [PMID: 30115854 PMCID: PMC6115890 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of fruits and vegetables appears to help with maintaining an adequate level of exercise and improves endurance. However, the mechanisms that are involved in this process are not well understood. In the current study, the impact of diets enriched in fruits and vegetables (GrandFusion®) on exercise endurance was examined in a mouse model. GrandFusion (GF) diets increased mitochondrial DNA and enzyme activity, while they also stimulated mitochondrial mRNA synthesis in vivo. GF diets increased both the mRNA expression of factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), cytochrome c oxidase IV (COXIV) and ATP synthase (ATPsyn). Mice treated with GF diets showed an increase in running endurance, rotarod perseverance and grip strength when compared to controls who were on a regular diet. In addition, GF diets increased the protein expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), PGC-1α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPAR-δ), which was greater than exercise-related changes. Finally, GF reduced the expression of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (p-S6K1) and decreased autophagy. These results demonstrate that GF diets enhance exercise endurance, which is mediated via mitochondrial biogenesis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Saeid Taheri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | | | - Mark S Kindy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
- NutriFusion®, LLC, Naples, FL 34109, USA.
- James A. Haley VA Medical Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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