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Morales-Alvarez MC, Nissaisorakarn V, Appel LJ, Miller ER, Christenson RH, Rebuck H, Rosas SE, William JH, Juraschek SP. Effects of Reduced Dietary Sodium and the DASH Diet on GFR: The DASH-Sodium Trial. KIDNEY360 2024; 5:569-576. [PMID: 38326949 PMCID: PMC11093532 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Key Points Sodium reduction over a 4-week period decreased eGFR. Combining sodium reduction with the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet resulted in larger reductions in eGFR. Changes in diastolic BP seem partially responsible for the observed dietary effects. Background A potassium-rich Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet combined with low sodium reduces BP. However, the effects of sodium reduction in combination with the DASH diet on kidney function are unknown. We determined the effects of sodium reduction and the DASH diet, on eGFR using cystatin C. Methods DASH-sodium was a controlled, feeding study in adults with elevated or stage 1 hypertension, randomly assigned to the DASH or a control diet. On their assigned diet, participants consumed each of three sodium levels for 30 days after a 2-week run-in period of a high sodium-control diet. The three sodium levels were low (50 mmol/d), medium (100 mmol/d), and high (150 mmol/d). The primary outcome was change in eGFR based on cystatin C. Results Cystatin C was measured in 409 of the original 412 participants, of which 207 were assigned the DASH diet and 202 to the control diet. Compared with control, the DASH diet did not affect eGFR (β =−0.96 ml/min per 1.73 m2; 95% confidence interval [CI], −2.74 to 0.83). By contrast, low versus high sodium intake decreased eGFR (β =−2.36 ml/min per 1.73 m2; 95% CI, −3.64 to −1.07). Together, compared with the high sodium-control diet, the low sodium-DASH diet decreased eGFR by 3.10 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (95% CI, −5.46 to −0.73). This effect was attenuated with adjustment for diastolic BP and 24-hour urinary potassium excretion. Conclusions A combined low sodium-DASH diet reduced eGFR over a 4-week period. Future research should focus on the effect of these dietary interventions on subclinical kidney injury and their long-term effect on progression to CKD. Clinical Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00000608 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Catalina Morales-Alvarez
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Voravech Nissaisorakarn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lawrence J. Appel
- The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Edgar R. Miller
- The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert H. Christenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Heather Rebuck
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sylvia E. Rosas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey H. William
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen P. Juraschek
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Kim H, Lichtenstein AH, Ganz P, Miller ER, Coresh J, Appel LJ, Rebholz CM. Associations of circulating proteins with lipoprotein profiles: proteomic analyses from the OmniHeart randomized trial and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:27. [PMID: 37400771 PMCID: PMC10316599 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within healthy dietary patterns, manipulation of the proportion of macronutrient can reduce CVD risk. However, the biological pathways underlying healthy diet-disease associations are poorly understood. Using an untargeted, large-scale proteomic profiling, we aimed to (1) identify proteins mediating the association between healthy dietary patterns varying in the proportion of macronutrient and lipoproteins, and (2) validate the associations between diet-related proteins and lipoproteins in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. METHODS In 140 adults from the OmniHeart trial, a randomized, cross-over, controlled feeding study with 3 intervention periods (carbohydrate-rich; protein-rich; unsaturated fat-rich dietary patterns), 4,958 proteins were quantified at the end of each diet intervention period using an aptamer assay (SomaLogic). We assessed differences in log2-transformed proteins in 3 between-diet comparisons using paired t-tests, examined the associations between diet-related proteins and lipoproteins using linear regression, and identified proteins mediating these associations using a causal mediation analysis. Levels of diet-related proteins and lipoprotein associations were validated in the ARIC study (n = 11,201) using multivariable linear regression models, adjusting for important confounders. RESULTS Three between-diet comparisons identified 497 significantly different proteins (protein-rich vs. carbohydrate-rich = 18; unsaturated fat-rich vs. carbohydrate-rich = 335; protein-rich vs. unsaturated fat-rich dietary patterns = 398). Of these, 9 proteins [apolipoprotein M, afamin, collagen alpha-3(VI) chain, chitinase-3-like protein 1, inhibin beta A chain, palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase NOTUM, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, guanylate-binding protein 2, COP9 signalosome complex subunit 7b] were positively associated with lipoproteins [high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (C) = 2; triglyceride = 5; non-HDL-C = 3; total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio = 1]. Another protein, sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1, was inversely associated with HDL-C and positively associated with total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio. The proportion of the association between diet and lipoproteins mediated by these 10 proteins ranged from 21 to 98%. All of the associations between diet-related proteins and lipoproteins were significant in the ARIC study, except for afamin. CONCLUSIONS We identified proteins that mediate the association between healthy dietary patterns varying in macronutrients and lipoproteins in a randomized feeding study and an observational study. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT00051350 at clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 East Monument Street, Suite 2-500, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Alice H. Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Peter Ganz
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Edgar R. Miller
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 East Monument Street, Suite 2-500, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 East Monument Street, Suite 2-500, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Lawrence J. Appel
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 East Monument Street, Suite 2-500, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Casey M. Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 East Monument Street, Suite 2-500, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
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Belanger MJ, Kovell LC, Turkson‐Ocran R, Mukamal KJ, Liu X, Appel LJ, Miller ER, Sacks FM, Christenson RH, Rebuck H, Chang AR, Juraschek SP. Effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet on Change in Cardiac Biomarkers Over Time: Results From the DASH-Sodium Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e026684. [PMID: 36628985 PMCID: PMC9939071 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has been shown to reduce biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to characterize the time course of change in biomarkers of cardiac injury (high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I), cardiac strain (NT-proBNP [N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide]), and inflammation (hs-CRP [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein]) while consuming the DASH diet. Methods and Results The DASH-Sodium trial was a randomized controlled trial of 412 adults with elevated blood pressure or hypertension. Participants were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of the DASH diet or a typical American diet. Energy intake was adjusted to maintain body weight. Measurements of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, NT-proBNP, and hs-CRP were performed in stored serum specimens, collected at baseline and ≈4, 8, and 12 weeks after randomization. In both the control diet and DASH diet, levels of NT-proBNP decreased; however, there was no difference between diets (P-trend compared with control=0.22). On the DASH diet versus control, levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I decreased progressively during follow-up (P-trend compared with control=0.025), but a statistically significant between-diet difference in change from baseline levels was not observed until week 12 (% difference, 17.78% [95% CI, -29.51% to -4.09%]). A similar pattern was evident for hs-CRP (P-trend compared with control=0.01; % difference at week 12, 19.97% [95% CI, -31.94% to -5.89%]). Conclusions In comparison with a typical American diet, the DASH diet reduced high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and hs-CRP progressively over 12 weeks. These results suggest that the DASH diet has cumulative benefits over time on biomarkers of subclinical cardiac injury and inflammation. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT00000608.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Belanger
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimoreMD
| | - Lara C. Kovell
- Division of CardiologyUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
| | | | | | - Xiaoran Liu
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Medical SchoolBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
| | - Lawrence J. Appel
- The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineThe Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical ResearchBaltimoreMD
| | - Edgar R. Miller
- The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineThe Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical ResearchBaltimoreMD
| | - Frank M. Sacks
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Medical SchoolBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
| | | | - Heather Rebuck
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
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Jeong SY, Wee CC, Kovell LC, Plante TB, Miller ER, Appel LJ, Mukamal KJ, Juraschek SP. Effects of Diet on 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk (from the DASH Trial). Am J Cardiol 2023; 187:10-17. [PMID: 36459731 PMCID: PMC10122756 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Although modern risk estimators, such as the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Pooled Cohort Equation, play a central role in the decisions of patients to start pharmacologic therapy to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), there is limited evidence to inform expectations for 10-year ASCVD risk reduction from established lifestyle interventions. Using data from the original DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) trial, we determined the effects of adopting the DASH diet on 10-year ASCVD risk compared with adopting a control or a fruits and vegetables (F/V) diet. The DASH trial included 459 adults aged 22 to 75 years without CVD and not taking antihypertensive or diabetes mellitus medications, who were randomized to controlled feeding of a control diet, an F/V diet, or the DASH diet for 8 weeks. We determined 10-year ASCVD risk with the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Pooled Cohort Equation based on blood pressure and lipids measured before and after the 8-week intervention. Compared with the control diet, the DASH and F/V diets changed 10-year ASCVD risk by -10.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] -14.4 to -5.9) and -9.9% (95% CI -14.0 to -5.5) respectively; these effects were more pronounced in women and Black adults. There was no difference between the DASH and F/V diets (-0.4%, 95% CI -6.9 to 6.5). ASCVD reductions attributable to the difference in systolic blood pressure alone were -14.6% (-17.3 to -11.7) with the DASH diet and -7.9% (-10.9 to -4.8) with the F/V diet, a net relative advantage of 7.2% greater relative reduction from DASH compared with F/V. This was offset by the effects on high-density lipoprotein of the DASH diet, which increased 10-year ASCVD by 8.8% (5.5 to 12.3) compared with the more neutral effect of the F/V diet of -1.9% (-5.0 to 1.2). In conclusion, compared with a typical American diet, the DASH and F/V diets reduced 10-year ASCVD risk scores by about 10% over 8 weeks. These findings are informative for counseling patients on both choices of diet and expectations for 10-year ASCVD risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Jeong
- Department of Medicine, American College of Physicians, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christina C Wee
- Department of Medicine, American College of Physicians, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lara C Kovell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy B Plante
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Edgar R Miller
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lawrence J Appel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Department of Medicine, American College of Physicians, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen P Juraschek
- Department of Medicine, American College of Physicians, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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The Use of Sea Buckthorn Processing Products in the Creation of a Functional Biologically Active Food Emulsion. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152226. [PMID: 35892810 PMCID: PMC9332202 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The current trend in dietary supplements and functional foods is the use of lipophilic bioactive compounds. The sea buckthorn (Hippóphae rhamnoídes) contains some such compounds: polyunsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols, and carotenoids. Lipophilic components are best distributed using oil-in-water emulsions, which ensures their high bioavailability. A significant property of emulsions is colloidal and oxidative stability, so the choice of emulsifiers that have both surface-active properties and antioxidant activity is an important area of research for making new types of food emulsions. The purpose of this study is the development and refinement of an emulsified biologically active food additive containing sea buckthorn products (pulp, juice, and oil) and stabilized with soy phospholipids. We studied the fruits of Chuyskaya, Orange, and Prevoskhodnaya sea buckthorn varieties growing in the Altai Territory. As we analyzed their composition, we chose the Chuyskaya variety for making the emulsion. The fruits contain 5.30 ± 0.1% of lipids including 16.8 ± 0.5 mg/100 g of carotenoids and 10.5 ± 0.5 mg/100 g of tocopherols. To choose the emulsifier we studied the fractional and fatty acid composition of the soy and sunflower phospholipids with different hydrophilic-lipophilic balances (HLB). We made the emulsions containing sea buckthorn oil and pulp of its different layers, soybean oil, and phospholipids by dispersion using an HG-15D homogenizer. The study of the colloidal stability showed that the most stable (99.5%) are the emulsions containing a mixture of hydrolyzed soybean phospholipids (HLB = 7) and fractionated soybean phospholipids (HLB = 3). The best ratio is 40:60. We examined the oxidative stability of the emulsions by provoking accelerated oxidation. The emulsions containing 1.5% of a soy phospholipids mixture showed the best oxidative stability. The resulting direct oil-in-water fine emulsion contains polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), tocopherols, β-carotene, and essential phospholipids. For this reason, the emulsion can be used to make biologically active food supplements (also encapsulated) and as part of special nutrients.
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Haimovitz D, Vereb M, Freeman L, Goldberg R, Lessard D, Rush J, Adin D. Effect of diet change in healthy dogs with subclinical cardiac biomarker or echocardiographic abnormalities. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1057-1065. [PMID: 35420218 PMCID: PMC9151466 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A recent study showed higher high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs‐cTnI) concentrations in healthy dogs eating grain‐free (GF) compared to those eating grain‐inclusive (GI) diets. Hypothesis/Objectives Healthy dogs with subclinical cardiac abnormalities eating GF diets at baseline will show improvements in cardiac biomarkers and echocardiographic variables after diet change, whereas healthy dogs eating GI diets at baseline will not improve. Animals Twenty healthy dogs with subclinical cardiac abnormalities (12 Golden Retrievers, 5 Doberman Pinschers, 3 Miniature Schnauzers). Methods This prospective study included dogs with increased hs‐cTnI or N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) concentrations, or echocardiographic abnormalities. Mixed modeling was used to evaluate echocardiographic, hs‐cTnI, and NT‐proBNP differences between groups (GF or GI diet at baseline) over time (1 y after diet change). Results Ten GF and 10 GI dogs were evaluated. There were statistically significant time: group interactions for hs‐cTnI (P = .02) and normalized left ventricular internal systolic diameter (LVIDsN; P = .02), with GF dogs showing larger decreases in these variables than GI dogs. Median (range) hs‐cTnI (ng/mL) for GF dogs was 0.141 (0.012‐0.224) at baseline and 0.092 (0.044‐0.137) at 1 y, and for GI dogs was 0.051 (0.016‐0.195) at baseline and 0.060 (0.022‐0.280) at 1 y. Median LVIDsN for GF dogs was 1.01 (0.70‐1.30) at baseline and 0.87 (0.79‐1.24) at 1 y, and for GI dogs was 1.05 (0.84‐1.21) at baseline and 1.10 (0.85‐1.28) at 1 y. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Decreased hs‐cTnI and LVIDsN in GF dogs after diet change supports reversibility of these subclinical myocardial abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Haimovitz
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle Vereb
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa Freeman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Goldberg
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Darleen Lessard
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Rush
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Darcy Adin
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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de Lima Brito I, Chantelle L, Magnani M, de Magalhães Cordeiro AMT. Nutritional, therapeutic and technological perspectives of Quinoa (
Chenopodium quinoa
Willd.): A review. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle de Lima Brito
- Department of Management and Agroindustrial Technology, Center of Human, Social and Agrarian Sciences (CCHSA) Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB) João Pessoa Paraíba Brazil
| | - Laís Chantelle
- Department of Chemistry, NPE‐LACOM Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB) João Pessoa Paraíba Brazil
| | - Marciane Magnani
- Department of Food Engineering, Tecnology Center (CT) Federal University of Paraíba João Pessoa Paraíba Brazil
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Norouzi M, Nadjarzadeh A, Maleki M, Khayyatzadeh SS, Hosseini S, Yaseri M, Fattahi H. The effects of preoperative supplementation with a combination of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine on inflammatory and hematological markers of patients with heart surgery: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Surg 2022; 22:51. [PMID: 35148750 PMCID: PMC8832784 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-022-01495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac surgery is associated with a widespread inflammatory response, by an additional release of free radicals. Due to the importance of these patient’s nutritional status, the present study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of supplementation with a combination of glutamine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) and arginine in patients undergoing to the heart surgery. Methods The experiment was performed in 1 month (30 days) before cardiac surgery. patients were asked to take 2 sachets of Heallagen® (a combination of 7 g l-arginine, 7 g l-glutamine, and 1.5 g daily HMB) or placebo with identical appearance and taste (maltodextrin) with 120 cc of water. Clinical and biochemical factors were evaluated in the baseline and end of the study. Results Totally, 60 preoperative patients (30 interventions and 30 placeboes) with a mean age of 53.13 ± 14.35 years participated in the study. Subjects in Heallagen® group had a lower serum levels of interleukin-6 (P = 0.023), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P < 0.01), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (P < 0.01), and lymphocyte number (P = 0.007) compared to the placebo, at end of the study. Conclusion In the patients undergoing heart surgery, Heallagen® significantly improved some of the inflammatory factors and hematological parameters. These results need to be confirmed in a larger trial. Trial registration: The protocol of the study was registered in the IRCT.ir with registration no. IRCT20120913010826N31 at 13/10/2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Norouzi
- Department of Nutrition, International Campus of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Azadeh Nadjarzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. .,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Majid Maleki
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Saeid Hosseini
- Heart Valve Disease Research Center, Shahid Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Fattahi
- Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dhillon J, Jacobs AG, Ortiz S, Diaz Rios LK. A Systematic Review of Literature on the Representation of Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups in Clinical Nutrition Interventions. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1505-1528. [PMID: 35108358 PMCID: PMC9526835 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The racial and ethnic disparities in diet-related chronic diseases are major concerns. This systematic review examines the extent to which diet-induced changes in health outcomes, such as cardiometabolic, inflammation, cancer, bone health, and kidney function outcomes, etc., have been reported and discussed by race or ethnicity in randomized trials with 2 or more diet arms that recruited both minority and non-Hispanic White groups. Databases (i.e., PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched up to August 2021. Thirty-four studies that discussed effects of defined dietary interventions on health outcomes by racial or ethnic minority group compared with non-Hispanic Whites were included in the systematic review (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021229256). Acute trials and those with 1 diet arm that accounted for race or ethnicity in their analyses and studies that focused on a single racial or ethnic group were discussed separately. Most studies were conducted in Black compared with White adults testing effects of energy restriction, macronutrient modification, sodium reduction, or variations of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on cardiometabolic outcomes. There was limited focus on other minority groups. Evidence suggests greater blood pressure reduction for Black adults compared with Whites particularly with DASH (or similar) diets. Overall, there was limited consideration for group-specific eating patterns and diet acceptability. Overall risk of bias was low. With emerging precision nutrition initiatives that aim to optimize metabolic responses in population subgroups through tailored approaches, it is imperative to ensure adequate representation of racial and ethnic subgroups for addressing health disparities. Factors that help explain variability in responses such as socioecological context should be included and adequately powered. Given the racial and ethnic disparities in chronic diseases, studying the adoption, maintenance, and effectiveness of dietary interventions on health outcomes among different groups is critical for developing approaches that can mitigate diet-related health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sigry Ortiz
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - L Karina Diaz Rios
- Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
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Martínez-García M, Hernández-Lemus E. Periodontal Inflammation and Systemic Diseases: An Overview. Front Physiol 2021; 12:709438. [PMID: 34776994 PMCID: PMC8578868 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.709438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease of infectious origins that often evolves into a chronic condition. Aside from its importance as a stomatologic ailment, chronic periodontitis has gained relevance since it has been shown that it can develop into a systemic condition characterized by unresolved hyper-inflammation, disruption of the innate and adaptive immune system, dysbiosis of the oral, gut and other location's microbiota and other system-wide alterations that may cause, coexist or aggravate other health issues associated to elevated morbi-mortality. The relationships between the infectious, immune, inflammatory, and systemic features of periodontitis and its many related diseases are far from being fully understood and are indeed still debated. However, to date, a large body of evidence on the different biological, clinical, and policy-enabling sources of information, is available. The aim of the present work is to summarize many of these sources of information and contextualize them under a systemic inflammation framework that may set the basis to an integral vision, useful for basic, clinical, and therapeutic goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireya Martínez-García
- Sociomedical Research Unit, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Hernández-Lemus
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico.,Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mèxico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Said MS, El Sayed IT, Ibrahim EE, Khafagy GM. Effect of DASH Diet Versus Healthy Dietary Advice on the Estimated Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk. J Prim Care Community Health 2021; 12:2150132720980952. [PMID: 33632022 PMCID: PMC7917845 DOI: 10.1177/2150132720980952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most leading cause of mortality worldwide. Changes in diet can reduce subclinical cardiac injury and inflammation in parallel with reductions of other CVD risk factors. AIM The study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effect of the DASH diet versus usual healthy dietary advice (HDA) on the estimated risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). METHODS It was a prospective interventional nonrandomized controlled study, conducted on 92 participants attending Family Medicine Outpatient Clinics, Cairo University. The participants were assigned to 2 dietary groups, the DASH and HDA groups, for 12 weeks. All subjects were subjected to anthropometric measurement, assessment of lipid profile, and the estimated cardiovascular risk pre-and post-intervention. RESULTS The estimated cardiovascular risk was reduced significantly in both the DASH and HDA groups, with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups regarding the risk reduction. By comparing the percent change between pre and post-intervention in both DASH and HDA groups, the following are the results: BMI dropped by 6.5% versus 2.5%, systolic blood pressure decreased by 6.9% and 4.1%, fasting blood sugar dropped by 5.5% and 3.1%, total cholesterol dropped by 5.2% and 3.1%, LDL dropped by 8.2%, and 3.1%, and HDL increased by 8.2% and 2.4%, in DASH and HDA groups, respectively. CONCLUSION Both the DASH diet and HDA are associated with improvement in CVD risk factors. Although better risk factors decline with the DASH diet, there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups.
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Juraschek SP, Kovell LC, Appel LJ, Miller ER, Sacks FM, Chang AR, Christenson RH, Rebuck H, Mukamal KJ. Effects of Diet and Sodium Reduction on Cardiac Injury, Strain, and Inflammation: The DASH-Sodium Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77:2625-2634. [PMID: 34045018 PMCID: PMC8256779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.03.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet has been determined to have beneficial effects on cardiac biomarkers. The effects of sodium reduction on cardiac biomarkers, alone or combined with the DASH diet, are unknown. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of sodium reduction and the DASH diet, alone or combined, on biomarkers of cardiac injury, strain, and inflammation. METHODS DASH-Sodium was a controlled feeding study in adults with systolic blood pressure (BP) 120 to 159 mm Hg and diastolic BP 80 to 95 mm Hg, randomly assigned to the DASH diet or a control diet. On their assigned diet, participants consumed each of three sodium levels for 4 weeks. Body weight was kept constant. At the 2,100 kcal level, the 3 sodium levels were low (50 mmol/day), medium (100 mmol/day), and high (150 mmol/day). Outcomes were 3 cardiac biomarkers: high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) (measure of cardiac injury), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (measure of strain), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (measure of inflammation), collected at baseline and at the end of each feeding period. RESULTS Of the original 412 participants, the mean age was 48 years; 56% were women, and 56% were Black. Mean baseline systolic/diastolic BP was 135/86 mm Hg. DASH (vs. control) reduced hs-cTnI by 18% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -27% to -7%) and hs-CRP by 13% (95% CI: -24% to -1%), but not NT-proBNP. In contrast, lowering sodium from high to low levels reduced NT-proBNP independently of diet (19%; 95% CI: -24% to -14%), but did not alter hs-cTnI and mildly increased hs-CRP (9%; 95% CI: 0.4% to 18%). Combining DASH with sodium reduction lowered hs-cTnI by 20% (95% CI: -31% to -7%) and NT-proBNP by 23% (95% CI: -32% to -12%), whereas hs-CRP was not significantly changed (-7%; 95% CI: -22% to 9%) compared with the high sodium-control diet. CONCLUSIONS Combining a DASH dietary pattern with sodium reduction can lower 2 distinct mechanisms of subclinical cardiac damage: injury and strain, whereas DASH alone reduced inflammation. (Dietary Patterns, Sodium Intake and Blood Pressure [DASH - Sodium]; NCT00000608).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Juraschek
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Lara C Kovell
- Division of Cardiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lawrence J Appel
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Edgar R Miller
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Robert H Christenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Heather Rebuck
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Gardiner P, McGonigal L, Villa A, Kovell LC, Rohela P, Cauley A, Rinker D, Olendzki B. Our Whole Lives for Hypertension and Cardiac Risk Factors (OWL-H)—Combining a Teaching Kitchen Group Visit with an Online Platform: A Feasibility Trial (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2021; 6:e29227. [PMID: 35576575 PMCID: PMC9152723 DOI: 10.2196/29227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension (HTN) affects millions of Americans. Our Whole Lives: an eHealth toolkit for Hypertension and Cardiac Risk Factors (OWL-H) is an eHealth platform that teaches evidence-based lifestyle strategies, such mindfulness and cooking skills, to improve self-management of HTN. Objective The primary goal of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of OWL-H combined with teaching kitchen medical group visits (TKMGVs) in a low-income population of participants with HTN. Methods We conducted a pre-post 8-week study to assess the feasibility of a hybrid program (a web-based 9-module self-management program, which includes mindfulness and Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet) accompanied by 3 in-person TKMGVs among patients with HTN. Data including demographics, platform use, and satisfaction after using OWL-H were examined. Outcome data collected at baseline and 8 weeks included the Mediterranean Diet Questionnaire, Hypertension Self-Care Profile Self-Efficacy Instrument, Blood Pressure Knowledge Questionnaire, and the number of self-reported blood pressure readings. For the statistical analysis, we used descriptive statistics, paired sample t tests (1-tailed), and qualitative methods. Results Of the 25 enrolled participants, 22 (88%) participants completed the study. Participants’ average age was 57 (SD 12.1) years, and 46% (11/24) of them reported a household income <US $30,000 per year. Among the 22 participants who logged in to OWL-H, the average number of mindfulness practices completed was 7 and the average number of module sessions accessed was 4. In all, 73% (16/22) of participants reported that they were “very satisfied” with using OWL-H to help manage their HTN. Participants’ blood pressure knowledge significantly increased from baseline (mean 5.58, SD 1.44) to follow-up (mean 6.13, SD 1.23; P=.03). Participants significantly increased their adherence to a Mediterranean diet from baseline (mean 7.65, SD 2.19) to follow-up (mean 9, SD 1.68; P=.004). Participants’ self-efficacy in applying heart-healthy habits, as measured by the Hypertension Self-Care Profile Self-Efficacy Instrument, increased from baseline (mean 63.67, SD 9.06) to follow-up (mean 65.54, SD 7.56; P=.14). At the 8-week follow-up, 82% (18/22) of the participants had self-reported their blood pressure on the OWL-H platform at least once during the 8 weeks. Conclusions The eHealth platform for HTN self-management, OWL-H, and accompanying in-person TKMGVs have the potential to effectively improve lifestyle management of HTN. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03974334; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03974334
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Gardiner
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Lisa McGonigal
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Ariel Villa
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Lara C Kovell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Pallavi Rohela
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Andrew Cauley
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Diana Rinker
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Barbara Olendzki
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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Yu X, Wang W. A Rapidly Aging World in the 21st Century: Hopes from Glycomics and Unraveling the Biomarkers of Aging with the Sugar Code. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:242-248. [PMID: 33794663 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A global rise in life expectancy comes with an increased burden of serious life-long health issues and the need for useful real-time measures of the aging processes. Studies have shown the value of biochemical signatures of immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation as clinically relevant biomarkers to differentiate healthy from accelerated aging. Most human biological processes rely on glycosylation of proteins to regulate their function, but these events appear sensitive to environmental changes, age, and the presence of disease. Specifically, variations in N-glycosylation of IgG can adversely affect inflammatory pathways underpinning unhealthy aging and chronic disease pathogenesis. This expert review highlights the discrepancies between an organism's age in years of life (chronological age) versus age in terms of health status (biological age). The article examines and synthesizes the studies on IgG N-glycan profiles and the third alphabet of life, the sugar code, in relation to their relevance as dynamic indicators of aging, and to differentiate between normal and accelerated aging. The levels of N-glycan structures change with aging, suggesting that monitoring the alterations of serum glycan biosignatures with glycomics might allow real-time studies of human aging in the near future. Glycomics brings in yet another systems science technology platform to strengthen the emerging multiomics studies of aging and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Yu
- Department of Infection Control, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
- First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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15
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Adin D, Freeman L, Stepien R, Rush JE, Tjostheim S, Kellihan H, Aherne M, Vereb M, Goldberg R. Effect of type of diet on blood and plasma taurine concentrations, cardiac biomarkers, and echocardiograms in 4 dog breeds. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:771-779. [PMID: 33638176 PMCID: PMC7995416 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Associations of diet with dilated cardiomyopathy are under investigation. Objectives That cardiac assessment would show abnormalities in healthy dogs eating grain‐free (GF) diets or diets with Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐listed ingredients of concern (peas, lentils, or potatoes) as top 10 ingredients (FDA‐PLP), but not in dogs eating grain‐inclusive (GI) diets or diets without FDA‐listed ingredients of concern (PLP) in the top 10 ingredients (NoFDA‐PLP). Animals One hundred eighty‐eight healthy Doberman Pinschers, Golden Retrievers, Miniature Schnauzers, and Whippets. Methods This study was an observational cross‐sectional study. Echocardiograms, cardiac biomarkers, and blood and plasma taurine concentrations were compared between dogs eating GF (n = 26) and GI (n = 162) diets, and between FDA‐PLP (n = 39) and NoFDA‐PLP (n = 149) diets, controlling for age and breed. Demographic characteristics, murmurs, genetic status, and ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) during examination were compared between dogs eating different diet types. Results No differences in echocardiographic variables, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide or whole blood taurine were noted between dogs eating different diet types. Dogs eating GF diets had higher median high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs‐cTnI) (GF 0.076 ng/mL [Interquartile range (IQR), 0.028‐0.156] vs. GI 0.048 [IQR, 0.0026‐0.080]; P < .001) and higher median plasma taurine (GF 125 nmol/mL [IQR, 101‐148] vs GI 104 [IQR, 86‐123]; P = .02) than dogs eating GI diets. Dogs eating FDA‐PLP diets had higher median hs‐cTnI (0.059 ng/mL [IQR, 0.028‐0.122]) than dogs eating NoFDA‐PLP diets (0.048 [IQR, 0.025‐0.085]; P = .006). A greater proportion of dogs eating FDA‐PLP diets (10%) had VPCs than dogs eating NoFDA‐PLP diets (2%; P = .04). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Higher hs‐cTnI in healthy dogs eating GF and FDA‐PLP diets might indicate low‐level cardiomyocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy Adin
- University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa Freeman
- Tufts University, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca Stepien
- University of Wisconsin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John E Rush
- Tufts University, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sonja Tjostheim
- University of Wisconsin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Heidi Kellihan
- University of Wisconsin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael Aherne
- University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle Vereb
- University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert Goldberg
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Sea Buckthorn and Rosehip Oils with Chokeberry Extract to Prevent Hypercholesterolemia in Mice Caused by a High-Fat Diet In Vivo. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102941. [PMID: 32992796 PMCID: PMC7600764 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation based on sea buckthorn and rosehip oils with added chokeberry extract was studied. We added the dietary supplement to the feed mixtures for laboratory animals. The possible toxicological effects and hypocholesterolemic, hepatoprotective activity of the dietary supplement in vivo were studied. After the observation period (6 weeks), no significant changes were found in the mass of organs and blood serum of laboratory animals (p > 0.05). However, there was a decrease in hypercholesterolemic indicators. Regular consumption of sea buckthorn and rosehip oils with added chokeberry extract (dietary supplement “ESB-1”) by laboratory animals inhibited the activity of liver enzymes and increased the antioxidant activity of blood serum (after the subcutaneous injection of sunflower oil/oil solution of carbon tetrachloride) but was not sufficient to bring them to physiological standards. The hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant properties of our dietary supplement already allow us to consider it a component of functional food products or a dietary supplement base. However, the full range of its biologically active properties, including the hepatoprotective function and regulation of metabolic disorders, has not been studied yet, which sets the direction of further research in vivo models and clinical practice to confirm its effectiveness in humans.
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Juraschek SP, Kovell LC, Appel LJ, Miller ER, Sacks FM, Christenson RH, Rebuck H, Chang AR, Mukamal KJ. Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Subclinical Cardiac Injury: An Observational Analysis From the DASH Trial. Ann Intern Med 2020; 172:786-794. [PMID: 32423348 PMCID: PMC7388686 DOI: 10.7326/m20-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The DASH diet has been found to lower blood pressure (BP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. OBJECTIVE To compare diets rich in fruits and vegetables with a typical American diet in their effects on cardiovascular injury in middle-aged adults without known preexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD). DESIGN Observational study based on a 3-group, parallel-design, randomized trial conducted in the United States from 1994 to 1996. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00000544). SETTING 3 of the 4 original clinical trial centers. PARTICIPANTS 326 of the original 459 trial participants with available stored specimens. INTERVENTION Participants were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of monitored feeding with a control diet typical of what many Americans eat; a diet rich in fruits and vegetables but otherwise similar to the control diet; or the DASH diet, which is rich in fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, and fiber and has low levels of saturated fat and cholesterol. Weight was kept constant throughout feeding. MEASUREMENTS Biomarkers collected at baseline and 8 weeks: high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). RESULTS The mean age of participants was 45.2 years, 48% were women, 49% were black, and mean baseline BP was 131/85 mm Hg. Compared with the control diet, the fruit-and-vegetable diet reduced hs-cTnI levels by 0.5 ng/L (95% CI, -0.9 to -0.2 ng/L) and NT-proBNP levels by 0.3 pg/mL (CI, -0.5 to -0.1 pg/mL). Compared with the control diet, the DASH diet reduced hs-cTnI levels by 0.5 ng/L (CI, -0.9 to -0.1 ng/L) and NT-proBNP levels by 0.3 pg/mL (CI, -0.5 to -0.04 pg/mL). Levels of hs-CRP did not differ among diets. None of the markers differed between the fruit-and-vegetable and DASH diets. LIMITATION Short duration, missing specimens, and an inability to isolate the effects of specific foods or micronutrients. CONCLUSION Diets rich in fruits and vegetables given over 8 weeks were associated with lower levels of markers for subclinical cardiac damage and strain in adults without preexisting CVD. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Juraschek
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.P.J., K.J.M.)
| | - Lara C Kovell
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (L.C.K.)
| | - Lawrence J Appel
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland (L.J.A., E.R.M.)
| | - Edgar R Miller
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland (L.J.A., E.R.M.)
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (F.M.S.)
| | | | - Heather Rebuck
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (R.H.C., H.R.)
| | | | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.P.J., K.J.M.)
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Bellia C, Lombardo M, Della-Morte D. Use of Troponin as a predictor for cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 507:54-61. [PMID: 32302683 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have two- to four-fold increased cardiovascular mortality in comparison to the general population. With the identification of new therapeutic targets and hypoglycemic drugs for T2DM, the need for a better stratification of CVD risk has emerged to select patients who may need intensive or specific treatment. At present, risk stratification is based on clinical, demographic, and biochemical factors. High sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) increases after several ischemic and non-ischemic insults and it is considered a marker of myocardial injury. This review summarizes the main findings about hs-cTn utilization for risk stratification in people with T2DM and no clinical CVD. Several large observational studies have documented the association between hs-cTn and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in both the general population and in patients with T2DM. Lifestyle interventions, and particularly promotion of physical activity and adoption of healthy nutritional habits, have been associated to a significant benefit on hs-cTn release in the general population. Randomized controlled trials suggested that hypoglycemic, anti-hypertensive and lipid-lowering therapy may influence the degree of T2DM-induced cardiac injury. Besides these promising findings, the efficacy of an hs-cTn-based approach for CVD prevention in T2DM patients still requires more investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bellia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - Mauro Lombardo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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