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Ahmed F, Shafer L, Malla P, Hopkins R, Moreland S, Zviedrite N, Uzicanin A. Systematic review of empiric studies on lockdowns, workplace closures, and other non-pharmaceutical interventions in non-healthcare workplaces during the initial year of the COVID-19 pandemic: benefits and selected unintended consequences. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:884. [PMID: 38519891 PMCID: PMC10960383 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions within non-healthcare workplaces and community-level workplace closures and lockdowns on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, selected mental disorders, and employment outcomes in workers or the general population. METHODS The inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies of interventions. The exclusion criteria included modeling studies. Electronic searches were conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, and other databases from January 1, 2020, through May 11, 2021. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Meta-analysis and sign tests were performed. RESULTS A total of 60 observational studies met the inclusion criteria. There were 40 studies on COVID-19 outcomes, 15 on anxiety and depression symptoms, and five on unemployment and labor force participation. There was a paucity of studies on physical distancing, physical barriers, and symptom and temperature screening within workplaces. The sign test indicated that lockdown reduced COVID-19 incidence or case growth rate (23 studies, p < 0.001), reproduction number (11 studies, p < 0.001), and COVID-19 mortality or death growth rate (seven studies, p < 0.05) in the general population. Lockdown did not have any effect on anxiety symptoms (pooled standardized mean difference = -0.02, 95% CI: -0.06, 0.02). Lockdown had a small effect on increasing depression symptoms (pooled standardized mean difference = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.21), but publication bias could account for the observed effect. Lockdown increased unemployment (pooled mean difference = 4.48 percentage points, 95% CI: 1.79, 7.17) and decreased labor force participation (pooled mean difference = -2.46 percentage points, 95% CI: -3.16, -1.77). The risk of bias for most of the studies on COVID-19 or employment outcomes was moderate or serious. The risk of bias for the studies on anxiety or depression symptoms was serious or critical. CONCLUSIONS Empiric studies indicated that lockdown reduced the impact of COVID-19, but that it had notable unwanted effects. There is a pronounced paucity of studies on the effect of interventions within still-open workplaces. It is important for countries that implement lockdown in future pandemics to consider strategies to mitigate these unintended consequences. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration # CRD42020182660.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruque Ahmed
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop V18-2, Atlanta, GA, 30329-4027, USA.
| | - Livvy Shafer
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop V18-2, Atlanta, GA, 30329-4027, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Pallavi Malla
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop V18-2, Atlanta, GA, 30329-4027, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Roderick Hopkins
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop V18-2, Atlanta, GA, 30329-4027, USA
- Cherokee Nation Operational Solutions, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Sarah Moreland
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop V18-2, Atlanta, GA, 30329-4027, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Nicole Zviedrite
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop V18-2, Atlanta, GA, 30329-4027, USA
| | - Amra Uzicanin
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop V18-2, Atlanta, GA, 30329-4027, USA
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Giusti L, Mammarella S, Del Vecchio S, Salza A, Casacchia M, Roncone R. Deepening Depression in Women Balancing Work-Life Responsibilities and Caregiving during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from Gender-Specific Face-to-Face Street Interviews Conducted in Italy. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:892. [PMID: 37998639 PMCID: PMC10668961 DOI: 10.3390/bs13110892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, quality of life, and family functioning in a sample of the general female population, exploring difficulties encountered in managing family and work responsibilities and burden of care when taking care of a loved one. This study was, moreover, aimed at investigating factors capable of influencing severe depressive symptomatology in the context of socio-demographics, traumatic events, individual vulnerability, and family functioning. METHOD The sampling method used in this research was non-probability sampling. The survey took place during a Hospital Open Weekend (8-10 October 2021) organized by the National Gender Observatory on Women's Health "Fondazione Onda" on the occasion of the World Mental Health Day. RESULTS A total of 211 women were interviewed (mean age = 35.6, 53% living alone, more than 15% with financial difficulties, 47% exposed to the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake). More than 50% of the sample reported a higher complexity in managing their lives during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to their previous routine, with no statistically significant differences between working women and non-workers, although the latter obtained higher scores for depressive symptomatology and poorer quality of life. Compared to non-caregivers, female caregivers (22.3%) in charge of the care of loved ones affected by physical (10.9%) or psychiatric disabilities (11.4%) complained of a poorer quality of life, especially in general health perception (p = 0.002), physical function (p = 0.011), role limitations related to physical problems (p = 0.017), bodily pain (p = 0.015), mental health (p = 0.004), and social functioning (p = 0.007). Women caring for people affected by mental disorders seemed to experience a more significant worsening in vitality (p = 0.003) and social functioning (p = 0.005). Approximately 20% of the total sample reported severe depressive symptomatology. Previous access to mental health services (O.R. 10.923; p = 0.000), a low level of education (O.R. 5.410; p = 0.021), and difficulties in management of everyday lives during the COVID-19 pandemic (O.R. 3.598; p = 0.045) were found to be the main variables predictive of severe depressive psychopathology. Old age, good problem-solving skills, and ability to pursue personal goals were identified as protective factors. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic underlined the need for support amongst emotionally vulnerable women with pre-existing mental health conditions, partly reflecting the cumulative effects of traumas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Giusti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (S.D.V.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Silvia Mammarella
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (S.D.V.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Sasha Del Vecchio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (S.D.V.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Anna Salza
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (S.D.V.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Massimo Casacchia
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (S.D.V.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Rita Roncone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (S.D.V.); (A.S.); (M.C.)
- University Unit for Rehabilitation Treatment, Early Interventions in Mental Health, S. Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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Cecchini JA, Carriedo A, Méndez-Giménez A, Fernández-Río J. Network analysis of physical activity and depressive and affective symptoms during COVID-19 home confinement. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 10:e63. [PMID: 37854417 PMCID: PMC10579686 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to analyze the network structure of physical activity, frequency, depressive, and affective symptoms in people under home isolation due to COVID-19. METHOD A longitudinal study was conducted in two phases (beginning (March 19, 2020) and end of home confinement (April 8, 2020)). The sample consisted of 579 participants from Spain (250 men and 329 women) aged 16 to 92 years (overall sample: M = 47.06, SD = 14.52). A network analysis was performed. RESULTS Four clusters emerged (PA, depressive symptoms, positive affect, and negative affect). A higher frequency of physical activity was related to better-sustained attention, increased alertness, and enthusiasm. In addition, feelings of guilt and shame were mitigated, and confinement distress and irritability were reduced. Physical activity also mitigated fatigue in women, whereas feelings of unhappiness were reduced in men. CONCLUSION Physical activity seems to be an effective option for mitigating the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health policymakers should develop programs to promote physical activity in order to be able to cope with confinement or similar scenarios in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Cecchini
- EDAFIDES Research Group (Education, Physical Activity, Sport, and health), Department of Education Sciences, University of Oviedo, C/ Aniceto Sela, s/n, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alejandro Carriedo
- EDAFIDES Research Group (Education, Physical Activity, Sport, and health), Department of Education Sciences, University of Oviedo, C/ Aniceto Sela, s/n, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antonio Méndez-Giménez
- EDAFIDES Research Group (Education, Physical Activity, Sport, and health), Department of Education Sciences, University of Oviedo, C/ Aniceto Sela, s/n, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Río
- EDAFIDES Research Group (Education, Physical Activity, Sport, and health), Department of Education Sciences, University of Oviedo, C/ Aniceto Sela, s/n, Oviedo, Spain
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Ayuso-Mateos JL, Morillo D, Haro JM, Olaya B, Lara E, Miret M. Changes on depression and suicidal ideation under severe lockdown restrictions during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: a longitudinal study in the general population. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2023; 32:e55. [PMID: 37655398 PMCID: PMC10539734 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796023000677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess whether there is a change in the prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation after the strict lockdown measures due to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain, and to assess which are the factors associated with the incidence of a depressive episode or suicidal ideation during the lockdown. METHODS Data from a longitudinal adult population-based cohort from Madrid and Barcelona were analysed (n = 1103). Face-to-face home-based (pre-pandemic) and telephone interviews were performed. Depression and suicidal ideation were assessed through an adaptation of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Population prevalence estimates and multivariable logistic regressions were computed. RESULTS Prevalence rates of depression changed significantly from before to after the COVID-19 outbreak (from 3.06% to 12.00%; p = 0.01) and per sex and age groups. Individuals reporting COVID-19 concerns (odds ratio [OR] = 3.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.45-6.69) and those feeling loneliness (OR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.52-2.61) during the lockdown were at increased risk of developing depression during the confinement. Resilience showed a protective effect against the risk of depression (OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.39-0.83), while individuals perceiving social support during the confinement were at lower risk of developing suicidal thoughts (OR = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.09-0.46). Greater disability during the lockdown was also associated with the risk of suicidal ideation (OR = 2.77; 95% CI = 1.53-5.03). CONCLUSIONS Continuous reinforcement of mental health preventive and intervening measures is of global importance, particularly among vulnerable groups who are experiencing the most distress. Future research should strive to evaluate the long-term effects of the COVID-19 crisis on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Morillo
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - J. M. Haro
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B. Olaya
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. Lara
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Clinical Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Miret
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
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Mengin AC, Allé MC, Koning E, Pham B, Park S, Berna F, Giersch A. Facing the pandemic and lockdown: an insight on mental health from a longitudinal study using diaries. SCHIZOPHRENIA 2022; 8:22. [PMID: 35292663 PMCID: PMC8922066 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a longitudinal online study to examine attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) over time in a sample of locked-down individuals. We used (i) questionnaires and (ii) the automatic analysis of the emotional content of narratives. Participants (N = 162) were recruited to complete an online survey 4 times between March and June 2020 (T1, T2, T3, T4). T1 completion coincided with the beginning of the lockdown, and T4 with the pandemic trough. Depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed with the DASS-42 and APS with the PQ-16. Psychosocial data such as the feeling of loneliness and social network size were also collected. The participants wrote daily narratives during the lockdown period. Anxiety and APS were the highest at T1 and decreased over time. APS and APS-associated distress were correlated with the DASS-42 at all times. APS arose acutely at the beginning of the pandemic, despite participants being socio-economically advantaged, and were related with negative emotions.
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Carollo A, Bizzego A, Gabrieli G, Wong KKY, Raine A, Esposito G. Self-perceived loneliness and depression during the Covid-19 pandemic: a two-wave replication study. UCL OPEN. ENVIRONMENT 2022; 4:e051. [PMID: 37228475 PMCID: PMC10171408 DOI: 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The global Covid-19 pandemic has forced countries to impose strict lockdown restrictions and mandatory stay-at-home orders with varying impacts on individual's health. Combining a data-driven machine learning paradigm and a statistical approach, our previous paper documented a U-shaped pattern in levels of self-perceived loneliness in both the UK and Greek populations during the first lockdown (17 April to 17 July 2020). The current paper aimed to test the robustness of these results by focusing on data from the first and second lockdown waves in the UK. We tested a) the impact of the chosen model on the identification of the most time-sensitive variable in the period spent in lockdown. Two new machine learning models - namely, support vector regressor (SVR) and multiple linear regressor (MLR) were adopted to identify the most time-sensitive variable in the UK dataset from Wave 1 (n = 435). In the second part of the study, we tested b) whether the pattern of self-perceived loneliness found in the first UK national lockdown was generalisable to the second wave of the UK lockdown (17 October 2020 to 31 January 2021). To do so, data from Wave 2 of the UK lockdown (n = 263) was used to conduct a graphical inspection of the week-by-week distribution of self-perceived loneliness scores. In both SVR and MLR models, depressive symptoms resulted to be the most time-sensitive variable during the lockdown period. Statistical analysis of depressive symptoms by week of lockdown resulted in a U-shaped pattern between weeks 3 and 7 of Wave 1 of the UK national lockdown. Furthermore, although the sample size by week in Wave 2 was too small to have a meaningful statistical insight, a graphical U-shaped distribution between weeks 3 and 9 of lockdown was observed. Consistent with past studies, these preliminary results suggest that self-perceived loneliness and depressive symptoms may be two of the most relevant symptoms to address when imposing lockdown restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Carollo
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Andrea Bizzego
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Giulio Gabrieli
- School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keri Ka-Yee Wong
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adrian Raine
- Departments of Criminology, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
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Characteristics of patients treated for suicidal behavior during the pandemic in a psychiatric emergency department in a Spanish province. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zaninotto F, Bossi F, Terry P, Riccaboni M, Galli G. The Evolution of Psychological and Behavioral Consequences of Self-Isolation During Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study Across United Kingdom and Italy. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:826277. [PMID: 35722571 PMCID: PMC9198491 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.826277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several countries imposed nationwide or partial lockdowns to limit the spread of COVID-19 and avoid overwhelming hospitals and intensive care units. Lockdown may involve restriction of movement, stay-at-home orders and self-isolation, which may have dramatic consequences on mental health. Recent studies demonstrated that the negative impact of lockdown restrictions depends on a wide range of psychological and socio-demographic factors. Aims This longitudinal study aimed to understand how internal factors such as personality and mindfulness traits, and external factors, such as daily habits and house features, affect anxiety, depression and general wellbeing indicators, as well as cognitive functions, during the course of a lockdown. Methods To address these questions, 96 participants in Italy and the United Kingdom filled out a survey, once a week for 4 weeks, during the first-wave lockdowns. The survey included questions related to their habits and features of the house, as well as validated questionnaires to measure personality traits, mindful attitude and post-traumatic symptoms. Indicators of wellbeing were the affective state, anxiety, stress and psychopathological indices. We also measured the emotional impact of the pandemic on cognitive ability by using two online behavioral tasks [emotional Stroop task (EST) and visual search]. Results We found that internal factors influenced participants' wellbeing during the first week of the study, while external factors affected participants in the last weeks. In the first week, internal variables such as openness, conscientiousness and being non-judgmental toward one's own thoughts and emotions were positively associated with wellbeing; instead, neuroticism and the tendency to observe and describe one's own thoughts and emotions had detrimental effects on wellbeing. Toward the end of the study, external variables such as watching television and movies, browsing the internet, walking the dog, and having a balcony showed a protective value, while social networking and engaging in video calls predicted lower values of wellbeing. We did not find any effects of wellbeing on cognitive functioning. Conclusion Recognizing specific traits and habits affecting individuals' wellbeing (in both short and long terms) during social isolation is crucial to identify people at risk of developing psychological distress and help refine current guidelines to alleviate the psychological consequences of prolonged lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zaninotto
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Bossi
- MoMiLab, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Philip Terry
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom
| | | | - Giulia Galli
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom
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Kim Y, Lee J. Effect of the SNS-Based Physical Activity-Related Psychological Intervention on Physical Activity and Psychological Constructs among Inactive University Students. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2022; 22:100299. [PMID: 35572071 PMCID: PMC9055068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective The current study investigated the effects of the physical activity-related psychological intervention via social network service (SNS) on physical activity and psychological constructs in inactive university students. Method Thirty inactive university students participated in the 12-week intervention and received the physical activity-related psychological strategy via SNS. The physical activity levels, stages of physical activity, self-efficacy, pros, and cons were measured at the three time points (baseline, after 6 weeks, and after 12 weeks). Data analyses included frequency analysis, McNemar chi-square (χ2) test, and a repeated measures ANOVA were conducted. Results Results indicated that the number of inactive university students gradually decreased across the three different time points, and that a total physical activity of inactive university students significantly increased over the 12-week intervention. In addition, pros and self-efficacy significantly increased but cons gradually decreased over the intervention. Conclusions The current study suggests that the SNS-based physical activity-related psychological strategies have positive effects on promoting physical activity and its related psychological constructs for inactive university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngho Kim
- Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Korea
| | - Jonghwa Lee
- Seoul National University, Korea
- Corresponding author: Jounghwa Lee, Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Caballero A, Villar S, Fernández I, Sevillano V, Gavilán P, Carrera P. Disentangling Emotions during the Coronavirus Outbreak in Spain: Inner Emotions, Descriptive Feeling Rules and Socioemotional Conventions. THE SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 25:e12. [PMID: 35260217 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2022.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For constructionism, language is the link among different levels of analysis of emotional events, from individual to interpersonal and macrosocial. The interaction among these emotional levels allows us to construe an emotional episode and label it with an emotion word, coordinate with the emotions perceived in others, and represent events as a society. Across two studies, we found similarities and differences among inner emotions experienced (individual level), emotions perceived in others (descriptive feeling rules, interpersonal level) and emotions shared on the internet (socioemotional conventions, macrosocial level), with all these emotional targets focused on the COVID-19 outbreak. The results indicate a similarity between the emotional meaning of COVID-19 in society and the descriptive feeling rules, whereas the reported inner emotions were clearly distinct: Joy was irrelevant at the interpersonal and macrosocial levels but clearly important at the individual level. A mismatch also appeared for fear and hope. While fear was the most predominant emotion at the interpersonal and macrosocial levels during most of the phases, it was moderately predominant at the individual level. Hope followed the opposite pattern, being the most relevant emotion at the individual level but less relevant at the interpersonal and macrosocial levels. Each level might have different consequences: Mixed emotions at the individual level might promote resilience; fear perceived in other people might motivate protective behaviors; and sadness socially shared during Christmas might generate greater empathy. These results support the complexity of emotional concepts and the suitability of exploring them at different levels of analysis.
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Piumatti G, Levati S, Amati R, Crivelli L, Albanese E. Trajectories of depression, anxiety and stress among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Switzerland: The Corona Immunitas cohort study. Public Health 2022; 206:63-69. [PMID: 35381519 PMCID: PMC8825315 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
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Marconcin P, Werneck AO, Peralta M, Ihle A, Gouveia ÉR, Ferrari G, Sarmento H, Marques A. The association between physical activity and mental health during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:209. [PMID: 35101022 PMCID: PMC8803575 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic affected countries worldwide and has changed peoples' lives. A reduction in physical activity and increased mental health problems were observed, mainly in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this systematic review aims to examine the association between physical activity and mental health during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS In July 2021, a search was applied to PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria included cross-sectional, prospective, and longitudinal study designs and studies published in English; outcomes included physical activity and mental health (e.g., depressive symptoms, anxiety, positive and negative effects, well-being). RESULTS Thirty-one studies were included in this review. Overall, the studies suggested that higher physical activity is associated with higher well-being, quality of life as well as lower depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress, independently of age. There was no consensus for the optimal physical activity level for mitigating negative mental symptoms, neither for the frequency nor for the type of physical activity. Women were more vulnerable to mental health changes and men were more susceptive to physical activity changes. CONCLUSION Physical activity has been a good and effective choice to mitigate the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health policies should alert for possibilities to increase physical activity during the stay-at-home order in many countries worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Marconcin
- KinesioLab, Research Unit in Human Movement Analysis, Insituto Piaget, Almada, Portugal.
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - André O Werneck
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel Peralta
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- ISAMB, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES - Overcoming vulnerability: Life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Élvio R Gouveia
- Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Interactive Technologies Institute, LARSyS, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Laboratorio de Rendimiento Humano, Grupo de Estudio en Educación, Actividad Física y Salud (GEEAFyS), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF). Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ruiz-Hernández JA, Guillén Á, Pina D, Puente-López E. Mental Health and Healthy Habits in University Students: A Comparative Associative Study. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2022; 12:114-126. [PMID: 35200233 PMCID: PMC8871110 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe12020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence of increased psychopathology in university students and its relationship with unhealthy lifestyle habits. The objective of this work is to examine the prevalence and differences in psychopathological symptoms and lifestyle in a sample of university students according to educational levels and area of knowledge. A comparative associative study was conducted with 1405 university students. The results indicated significant differences in psychopathology and habits in the different groups. The prevalence of psychopathology found was high, especially depressive and anxious pathologies. This incidence tends to be higher in undergraduates and/or Arts and Humanities, coinciding with those who tend to have poorer lifestyle habits. The promising contributions from this study facilitate the early detection of university students with a risk profile for the appearance or exacerbation of psychopathology, as well as the design of psychological intervention programs aimed at the psychological well-being of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Ruiz-Hernández
- Department of and Psychiatry and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.A.R.-H.); (Á.G.)
| | - Ángela Guillén
- Department of and Psychiatry and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.A.R.-H.); (Á.G.)
| | - David Pina
- Department of Social and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Esteban Puente-López
- External Service of Forensic Science and Techniques (SECYTEF), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
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Burn E, Tattarini G, Williams I, Lombi L, Gale NK. Women's Experience of Depressive Symptoms While Working From Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence From an International Web Survey. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2022; 7:763088. [PMID: 35463190 PMCID: PMC9024360 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2022.763088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant changes in workplace practices as social distancing requirements meant that people were asked to work from home where possible to avoid unnecessary contact. Concerns have been raised about the effects of the pandemic on mental health and, in particular, the effects of social distancing on employed women's mental health. In this study, we explore the experiences of working women during the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and explore the factors that may be associated with women experiencing the symptoms of depression. Findings from a cross-sectional survey of European working women (across five countries: France, Italy, Poland, Sweden, and the UK) conducted between March and July 2020 are reported. The data are analyzed using linear regression and mediation analysis. For women, working from home was associated with higher prevalence of the symptoms of depression compared to traveling to a workplace. The study also considers the mechanisms that may explain a relationship between working from home and depressive symptoms. Maintaining contact with people face-to-face and participating in exercise were both significant protective factors against experiencing symptoms of depression during a period of social distancing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Burn
- Health Services Management Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Tattarini
- Social Science Research Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Sociology and Social Research, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Iestyn Williams
- Health Services Management Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Lombi
- Department of Sociology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Kay Gale
- Health Services Management Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Nicola Kay Gale
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15
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Zach S, Eilat-Adar S, Ophir M, Dotan A. Differences in the Association between Physical Activity and People's Resilience and Emotions during Two Consecutive Covid-19 Lockdowns in Israel. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13217. [PMID: 34948825 PMCID: PMC8701463 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Governments worldwide have imposed harsh restrictions for decreasing the Covid-19 pandemic and maintaining public health. Yet such limitations have impacted people's physical activity. This study examined relationships between changes in physical activity and resilience, emotions, and depression during two lockdowns in Israel. An online survey was completed twice by 135 participants during two consecutive lockdowns. The results indicate that resilience and positive emotions were higher, and negative emotions and depression were lower during the second lockdown compared to the first one-even though people spent less time performing physical activity in the later lockdown. Moreover, negative emotions significantly decreased among people who reported increased physical activity during the second lockdown [M = 2.2 (SD = 0.9) compared to M = 1.9 (SD = 0.8) on a scale of 1-5] and increased among those who reported a reduction in activity [M = 1.8 (SD = 0.7) compared to M = 2.2 (SD = 0.7)]. It could therefore be concluded that while the Israeli population's resilience is higher compared to other populations (who do not regularly deal with crisis situations), their increased physical activity was associated with better resilience and emotions and lower depression scores. Since lockdowns are an extreme yet often repeated phenomenon, it is important to understand the psychological implications of engaging in physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Zach
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (S.E.-A.); Tel.: +972-54-44-00029 or +972-09-8639307 (S.E.-A.)
| | - Sigal Eilat-Adar
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (S.E.-A.); Tel.: +972-54-44-00029 or +972-09-8639307 (S.E.-A.)
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16
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Knight RL, McNarry MA, Sheeran L, Runacres AW, Thatcher R, Shelley J, Mackintosh KA. Moving Forward: Understanding Correlates of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour during COVID-19-An Integrative Review and Socioecological Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10910. [PMID: 34682653 PMCID: PMC8535281 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Population-level physical activity (PA) and sedentary time/behaviour estimates represent a significant public health issue exacerbated by restrictions enforced to control COVID-19. This integrative review interrogated available literature to explore the pandemic's impact on correlates of such behaviours in adults (≥18 years). Five electronic databases were systematically searched in January 2021. Data extracted from 64 articles were assessed for risk-of-bias using the Mixed Methods Assessment Tool, with correlates identified, coded, and themed via thematic analysis. A socioecological model of during-pandemic PA was conceptualized and mapped to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behaviour (COM-B) model of behaviour change mechanisms, which illustrates influences over five levels: Individual (biological)-general health; Individual (psychological)-mental health, cognition, motivation, and behaviour; Social-domestic situation, sociodemographic factors, support, and lifestyle choices; Environmental-resources and area of residence; and Policy-COVID-19-related rules. For sedentary time/behaviour, individual level factors, namely general and mental health, may be important correlates. Neither age or sex were clearly correlated with either behaviour. As we transition into a new normal, understanding which behaviour mechanisms could effectively challenge physical inactivity is essential. Targeting capability on a psychological level may facilitate PA and limit sedentary time/behaviour, whereas, on a physical level, maximizing PA opportunities could be crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Knight
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (R.L.K.); (M.A.M.); (A.W.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Melitta A. McNarry
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (R.L.K.); (M.A.M.); (A.W.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Liba Sheeran
- School of Healthcare Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4EP, UK;
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Adam W. Runacres
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (R.L.K.); (M.A.M.); (A.W.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Rhys Thatcher
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3FL, UK;
| | - James Shelley
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (R.L.K.); (M.A.M.); (A.W.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Kelly A. Mackintosh
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (R.L.K.); (M.A.M.); (A.W.R.); (J.S.)
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17
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Álvarez-Gómez C, De La Higuera M, Rivas-García L, Diaz-Castro J, Moreno-Fernandez J, Lopez-Frias M. Has COVID-19 Changed the Lifestyle and Dietary Habits in the Spanish Population after Confinement? Foods 2021; 10:2443. [PMID: 34681491 PMCID: PMC8535706 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2020, the world has been immersed in a change in lifestyle (social, lifestyle, nutri-tion and physical activity patterns), due to the appearance of COVID-19 and the strict mobility measures which were implemented to prevent its spread. All these changes had a nutritional impact on people, modifying their dietary guidelines. This cross-sectional study was carried out to assess whether dietary habits, lifestyle, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet among the Spanish adult population (25-65 years old) during confinement was modified during the post-confinement period, using an e-survey through social networks, involving 510 subjects. A decrease in the intake of ultra-processed products, with a correlation between weekly food delivery orders at home and the consumption of salty snacks, sugary drinks, and processed pastries was also recorded. Most of the subjects performed physical exercise on a regular basis, maintaining the body weight in half of the participants. During the post-confinement period a substantial proportion of the population had healthy lifestyle and dietary habits, including the adequate consumption of fruits, vegetables and legumes; adequate time was spent preparing meals and the population did not regularly order food at home, which in the long term, reduced the risk of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Álvarez-Gómez
- Nephrology Service, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Magdalena De La Higuera
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 28027 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Lorenzo Rivas-García
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.R.-G.); (M.L.-F.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - Javier Diaz-Castro
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.R.-G.); (M.L.-F.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.R.-G.); (M.L.-F.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - Magdalena Lopez-Frias
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.R.-G.); (M.L.-F.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
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18
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Ripoll J, Contreras-Martos S, Esteva M, Soler A, Serrano-Ripoll MJ. Mental Health and Psychological Wellbeing during the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study in the Balearic Islands (Spain). J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10143191. [PMID: 34300356 PMCID: PMC8304509 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Confining the entire population to a lockdown after the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 was an unprecedented measure designed to protect the health of those living in Spain. The objective of the present study is to assess the evolution of mental health and psychological wellbeing during lockdown. To do this, we carried out a longitudinal study, via an online survey over the eight weeks of lockdown (weekly assessments). Sociodemographic variables were recorded, along with data related to COVID-19, psychological wellbeing (anxiety, depression, psychotropic drugs, consultations made to improve mood or anxiety), life satisfaction, and self-perceived health. A total of 681 individuals participated in the study, 76.8% were women; the mean age was 43 years old (SD = 12.7). Initially, high scores were reported for anxiety, depression, and the number of consultations to improve mood, but these decreased significantly over the study period. The reverse seems to be true for life satisfaction, perceived good health, and intake of psychotropic drugs. We also identified groups whose psychological wellbeing was more susceptible to the effects of lockdown. Women, those worried about their jobs after the pandemic, and those afraid of being infected were the most affected individuals. More generally, after the initial negative effect on psychological wellbeing, various indicators improved over the lockdown period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ripoll
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Health Service, 07002 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (S.C.-M.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (M.J.S.-R.)
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Sara Contreras-Martos
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Health Service, 07002 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (S.C.-M.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (M.J.S.-R.)
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Primary Care Research Support Unit Costa Ponent, University Institute for Primary Health Care Research Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magdalena Esteva
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Health Service, 07002 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (S.C.-M.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (M.J.S.-R.)
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Aina Soler
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Health Service, 07002 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (S.C.-M.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (M.J.S.-R.)
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), 07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Maria Jesús Serrano-Ripoll
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Health Service, 07002 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (S.C.-M.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (M.J.S.-R.)
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), 07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
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Baltà-Salvador R, Olmedo-Torre N, Peña M, Renta-Davids AI. Academic and emotional effects of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic on engineering students. EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 2021; 26:7407-7434. [PMID: 34108843 PMCID: PMC8179070 DOI: 10.1007/s10639-021-10593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The unprecedented situation of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused the closure of universities worldwide and has forced the transition to online learning. This exceptional context compels us to understand students' experience with online learning. Previous literature identifies relevant factors that intervene in the online education experience and can affect students' academic development. One of the main concerns is the students' mental health, given the lockdown restrictions under which classes have been conducted. Furthermore, the impact of the prolonged lockdown and the pandemic fatigue on university students and their academic experience is still unclear. This study delves into engineering undergraduate students' online education experience during the COVID-19 pandemic and its emotional impact across time. With this aim, a questionnaire was distributed to second, third, and fourth-year engineering undergraduate students at two time points, approximately six months apart. The results show significant differences in students' connection with other students and teachers, workspace conditions, and boredom between time points. Besides, the findings indicate significant correlations between academic development and quality of online classes, adaptation of the course, workspace conditions, and connection with other students and teachers, and also between students' emotions and connection with other students and teachers. Finally, the study identifies best practices carried out during online teaching that will be of value for future courses and engineering education beyond the pandemic situation, amongst which those related to effective communication with teachers stand out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosó Baltà-Salvador
- Department of Graphic and Design Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya C, Colom 11, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Noelia Olmedo-Torre
- Department of Graphic and Design Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Av, Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Peña
- Department of Mathematics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana-Inés Renta-Davids
- Department of Pedagogy, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Ctra. de Valls, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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20
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Ayuso-Mateos JL, Morillo D, Haro JM, Olaya B, Lara E, Miret M. Changes in depression and suicidal ideation under severe lockdown restrictions during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: a longitudinal study in the general population. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2021; 30:e49. [PMID: 34074355 PMCID: PMC8193203 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796021000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess whether there is a change in the prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation after the strict lockdown measures due to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain; and to assess which are the factors associated with the incidence of a depressive episode or suicidal ideation during the lockdown. METHODS Data from a longitudinal adult population-based cohort from the provinces of Madrid and Barcelona were analysed (n = 1103). Structured face-to-face home-based interviews (pre-pandemic) and telephone interviews were performed. Both depression and suicidal ideation were assessed through an adaptation of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). A variety of validated instruments and sociodemographic variables including age, sex, educational level, occupational status, home quietness, screen time, resilience, loneliness, social support, physical activity, disability, economic situation and COVID-19-related information were also considered. Population prevalence estimates and multivariable logistic regressions were computed. RESULTS Overall, prevalence rates of depression and suicidal ideation did not change significantly from before to after the COVID-19 outbreak. However, the rates of depression among individuals aged 50+ years showed a significant decrease compared to before the pandemic (from 8.48 to 6.41%; p = 0.01). Younger individuals (odds ratio (OR) = 0.97 per year older; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.95-0.99) and those feeling loneliness (OR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.42-2.70) during the lockdown were at an increased risk of developing depression during the confinement. Resilience showed a protective effect against the risk of depression (OR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.32-0.66) and suicidal ideation (OR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.16-0.68), whereas individuals perceiving social support were at a lower risk of developing suicidal thoughts (OR = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.18-0.69). CONCLUSIONS Continuous reinforcement of mental health preventive and intervening measures during and in the aftermath of the crisis is of global importance, particularly among vulnerable groups who are experiencing the most distress. Future research should strive to evaluate the long-term effects of the COVID-19 crisis on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Morillo
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. M. Haro
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B. Olaya
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. Lara
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Miret
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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