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Salek S, Moazamian E, Mohammadi Bardbori A, Shamsdin SA. The anticancer effect of potential probiotic L. fermentum and L. plantarum in combination with 5-fluorouracil on colorectal cancer cells. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:139. [PMID: 38514489 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an effective chemotherapy drug in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, auxiliary or alternative therapies must be sought due to its resistance and potential side effects. Certain probiotic metabolites exhibit anticancer properties. In this study evaluated the anticancer and potential therapeutic activities of cell extracts potential probiotic strains, Limosilactobacillus fermentum and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum isolated from the mule milk and the standard probiotic strain Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) against the human colon cancer cell line (HT-29) and the normal cell line (HEK-293) alone or in combination with 5-FU. In this study, L. plantarum and L. fermentum, which were isolated from mule milk, were identified using biochemical and molecular methods. Their probiotic properties were investigated in vitro and compared with the standard probiotic strain of the species L. rhamnosus GG. The MTT assay, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) fluorescent staining, and flow cytometry were employed to measure the viability of cell lines, cell apoptosis, and production rates of Th17 cytokines, respectively. The results demonstrated that the combination of lactobacilli cell extracts and 5-FU decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells. Furthermore, this combination protected HEK-293 cells from the cytotoxic effects of 5-FU, enhancing their viability and reducing apoptosis. Moreover, the combination treatment led to an increase in the levels of IL-17A, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, which can enhance anti-tumor immunity. In conclusion, the cell extracts of the lactobacilli strains probably can act as a potential complementary anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Salek
- Department of Microbiology, College of Sciences, Agriculture and Modern Technology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Moazamian
- Department of Microbiology, College of Sciences, Agriculture and Modern Technology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Afshin Mohammadi Bardbori
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Azra Shamsdin
- Gasteroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Juliano LCB, Gouvêa FLR, Latosinski GS, Fabri FHH, Salvador TB, Guimaraes FF, Ribeiro MG, Langoni H, Rall VLM, Hernandes RT, Leite DS, Pantoja JCF. Species diversity and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Enterococcus spp. isolated from mastitis cases, milking machine and the environment of dairy cows. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:924-932. [PMID: 35707938 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objectives were to study the diversity of Enterococcus spp. isolated from mastitis cases, milking equipment and the environment of dairy cows; and to determine in vitro resistance of isolates to antimicrobials that are relevant to human and animal health. Ten dairy farms were visited to collect samples from mastitis cases, faeces, bedding, aisles, water and milking equipment. Identification of Enterococcus at the species level and antimicrobial resistance testing was performed by MALDI-TOF and the disk-diffusion method, respectively. Of 365 isolates, Enterococcus hirae was the most prevalent, being more likely to be isolated from faeces than from milk (odds ratio (OR) = 39·2), liners (OR = 5·4) or bedding (OR = 2·2). Enterococcus saccharolyticus was the most prevalent in milk samples. The chances of isolating Enterococcus faecalis from milk were higher than from aisles (OR = 12·5), faeces (OR = 5·3), bedding (OR = 3·6) or liners (OR = 3·0). The odds of isolating Enterococcus faecium from faeces were higher than from liners (OR = 7·3), bedding (OR = 2·5) or aisles (OR = 2·4). Of 360 tested isolates, 1·9, 0·3 and 0·6% were resistant to penicillin, vancomycin and teicoplanin, respectively. Our results suggest that Enterococcus species can occupy specific ecological niches on dairy farms and pose a risk to public and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C B Juliano
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - F L R Gouvêa
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - G S Latosinski
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - F H H Fabri
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - T B Salvador
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - F F Guimaraes
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - M G Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - H Langoni
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - V L M Rall
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - R T Hernandes
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - D S Leite
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - J C F Pantoja
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Noroozi N, Momtaz H, Tajbakhsh E. Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of
Enterococcus faecalis
isolated from seafood samples. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1104-1112. [PMID: 35152566 PMCID: PMC9122428 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterococcus faecalis is considered an opportunistic foodborne pathogen. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, virulence characters, and molecular typing of E. faecalis strains isolated from seafood samples. Methods Two hundred and seventy‐six seafood samples were collected. E. faecalis was isolated from samples using bacterial culture. Furthermore, the disk diffusion assessed their antimicrobial resistance. Also, the distribution of virulence factors was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method was used for their molecular typing. Results Fifty‐six of 276 (20.2%) seafood samples were contaminated with E. faecalis. Fish harboured the highest contamination rate (30.0%). Isolates harboured the highest resistance rate towards oxacillin (100%), tetracycline (100%), erythromycin (100%), cefoxitin (89.2%), cefazolin (87.5%), trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (85.7%), rifampin (69.6%), clindamycin (69.6%), and gentamicin (64.2%) antimicrobials. Efa (100%), ebpA (89.2%), ebpB (58.9%), ebpC (53.5%), and esp (51.7%) were the most commonly detected virulence factors among E. faecalis isolates. RAPD–PCR analysis showed 11 different molecular clusters considering the closeness of more than 80%. Conclusion Seafood samples were considered reservoirs of virulence and resistant E. faecalis strains. Different molecular clusters of isolates may reflect their diverse sources of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Noroozi
- Department of Microbiology Shahrekord Branch Islamic Azad University Shahrekord Iran
| | - Hassan Momtaz
- Department of Microbiology Shahrekord Branch Islamic Azad University Shahrekord Iran
| | - Elahe Tajbakhsh
- Department of Microbiology Shahrekord Branch Islamic Azad University Shahrekord Iran
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Khudhir ZS. Evaluation the Antibacterial Activity of the Brine, Nisin Solution, and Ozonated Water Against E. coli O157:H7 in the Experimentally Local Produced Soft Cheese. THE IRAQI JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.30539/ijvm.v45i1.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of brine solution in compared to nisin and ozonated water treatments against E. coli O157:H7 in experimentally local produced soft cheese (ELPSC). A total of 25 raw cow milk samples were collected from farmers and local markets in Baghdad city and utilized to manufacturing 25 of ELPSC samples following the traditional procedure in rural Iraq without salting or heat treatment. Bacteriological analysis for potential E. coli O157:H7 contamination was performed and confirmed by cultural, biochemical, and serological tests. Antibacterial activity of brine solution (7% w/v), nisin solution (100 IU/mL), and ozonated water (0.6 ppm) was performed for positive samples after 2 h contact time at ambient temperature. Positive isolates of E. coli O157:H7 were detected and confirmed as 3 out of 25 cheese samples (12%), with initial average bacterial count of 6.146 log10 CFU/g. The initial bacterial count was significantly (P<0.05) reduced to 3.778, 4.380 and 4.544 log10 CFU/g when subjected to brine salting, nisin solution, and ozonated water, respectively. Cheese samples exposed to brine had a significantly (P<0.05) higher reduction in the bacterial growth than those exposed to nisin or ozonated water treatments for each alone. More effective reduction in E. coli O157:H7 bacterial growth was not observed when brining exposure time elongated at ambient temperature to 6 h. These findings may be useful in raising the public knowledge about the use of brine solution as a domestic antibacterial approach for minimizing the possible risk of E. coli O157:H7 contamination in the local produced soft cheese.
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Atiyah WR, Hamood MF. Enhancing the Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens by Adding Spirulina platensis Compared with Probiotic, Prebiotics, and Oxytetracycline. THE IRAQI JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.30539/ijvm.v45i1.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to find out the effect of Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) algae mixed with drinking water (2%) on the production performance of broiler chickens infected with or without Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and compare it with the effects of probiotics (containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. casi, L. reuteri, and Bacillus subtillis), prebiotics (containing antioxidants and a group of vitamins) as well as oxytetracycline. The experiment included 350 one day old (Ross-308) broiler chicks, randomly divided into 7 groups by 50 chicks per group for 35 days. The groups were divided as follows: T1: infected experimentally with E. faecalis only, T2: treated with S. platensis, T3: infected experimentally with E. faecalis and treated with 2% S. platensis, T4: infected experimentally with E. faecalis and treated with probiotic, T5: infected experimentally with E. faecalis and treated with prebiotic, T6: infected experimentally with E. faecalis and treated with oxytetracycline, and T7: control group without any addition. Weekly live body weight and weekly body weight gain were measured as well as weekly feed intake and feed conversion rate for broiler chickens were estimated. The current study proved that S. platensis algae added to drinking water (2%) in T2 and T3 groups had caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in the weekly live body weight and weekly body weight gain, Spirulina also caused a significant decrease (P<0.05) in weekly feed intake and feed conversion rate for broiler chickens. Therefore, S. platensis could be a suitable alternative to some feed additives such as probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotics in addition to the ability of Spirulina to reduce the symptoms of E. faecalis.
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Chilambi GS, Nordstrom HR, Evans DR, Kowalski RP, Dhaliwal DK, Jhanji V, Shanks RMQ, Van Tyne D. Genomic and phenotypic diversity of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from endophthalmitis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250084. [PMID: 33852628 PMCID: PMC8046195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis are hospital-associated opportunistic pathogens and also causative agents of post-operative endophthalmitis. Patients with enterococcal endophthalmitis often have poor visual outcomes, despite appropriate antibiotic therapy. Here we investigated the genomic and phenotypic characteristics of E. faecalis isolates collected from 13 patients treated at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Eye Center over 19 years. Comparative genomic analysis indicated that patients were infected with E. faecalis belonging to diverse multi-locus sequence types (STs) and resembled E. faecalis sampled from clinical, commensal, and environmental sources. We identified known E. faecalis virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes in each genome, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, erythromycin, and tetracyclines. We assessed all isolates for their cytolysin production, biofilm formation, and antibiotic susceptibility, and observed phenotypic differences between isolates. Fluoroquinolone and cephalosporin susceptibilities were particularly variable between isolates, as were biofilm formation and cytolysin production. In addition, we found evidence of E. faecalis adaptation during recurrent endophthalmitis by identifying genetic variants that arose in sequential isolates sampled over eight months from the same patient. We identified a mutation in the DNA mismatch repair gene mutS that was associated with an increased rate of spontaneous mutation in the final isolate from the patient. Overall this study documents the genomic and phenotypic variability among E. faecalis causing endophthalmitis, as well as possible adaptive mechanisms underlying bacterial persistence during recurrent ocular infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Shankar Chilambi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hayley R. Nordstrom
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Evans
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Regis P. Kowalski
- The Charles T. Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Research Center, The Eye and Ear Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Deepinder K. Dhaliwal
- The Charles T. Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Research Center, The Eye and Ear Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- The Charles T. Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Research Center, The Eye and Ear Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Q. Shanks
- The Charles T. Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Research Center, The Eye and Ear Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Daria Van Tyne
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhao H, Sun R, Yu P, Alvarez PJJ. High levels of antibiotic resistance genes and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria indicators in urban wild bird feces. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115200. [PMID: 32663725 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed fresh feces from three common bird species that live in urban environments and interact with human communities. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) encoding resistance to three major classes of antibiotics (i.e., tetracyclines, β-lactams, and sulfonamides) and the mobile genetic element integrase gene (intI1) were abundant (up to 109, 108, 109, and 1010 copies/g dry feces for tetW, blaTEM, sul1, and intI1, respectively), with relative concentrations surprisingly comparable to that in poultry and livestock that are occasionally fed antibiotics. Biomarkers for opportunistic pathogens were also abundant (up to 107 copies/g dry feces) and the dominant isolates (i.e., Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) harbored both ARGs and virulence genes. ARGs in bird feces followed first-order attenuation with half-lives ranging from 1.3 to 11.1 days in impacted soil. Although residual antibiotics were detected in the feces, no significant correlation was observed between fecal antibiotic concentrations and ARG relative abundance. Thus, other unaccounted factors likely contributed selective pressure for ARG maintenance. These findings highlight the contribution of wild urban bird feces to the maintenance and dissemination of ARGs, and the associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ruonan Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Pingfeng Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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Kim SH, Kim DH, Lim HW, Seo KH. High prevalence of non-faecalis and non-faecium Enterococcus spp. in farmstead cheesehouse and their applicability as hygiene indicators. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Noh EB, Kim YB, Seo KW, Son SH, Ha JS, Lee YJ. Antimicrobial resistance monitoring of commensal Enterococcus faecalis in broiler breeders. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2675-2683. [PMID: 32359604 PMCID: PMC7597544 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) has rapidly acquired resistance to multiple antimicrobials, and the antimicrobial resistance of E. faecalis from broiler breeders has been implicated in its vertical transmission to their offspring. The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of commensal E. faecalis isolated from the broiler breeder farms. Among a total of 229 E. faecalis isolates from 9 broiler breeder farms, the highest resistance rate was observed in tetracycline (78.2%), followed by doxycycline (58.1%) and erythromycin (43.7%), and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance showed significant differences among the 9 broiler breeder farms (P < 0.05). The tetM gene (77.1%) and ermB gene (85.0%) were detected at the highest levels in 179 TE-and 100 E-resistant isolates, respectively. Twenty-four high-level gentamicin-resistant isolates carried aac(6″)Ie-aph(2″)-la gene, and 9 high-level ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates showed point mutations in both gyrA and parC genes. All high-level gentamicin-resistant or high-level ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates showed one of the two different virulence gene patterns, ace-asa1-efaA-gelE complex or ace-efaA-gelE complex. These results indicate that constant epidemiological monitoring at the breeder level is required to prevent the pyramidal transmission of antimicrobial-resistant E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Bi Noh
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Bin Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Won Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State 39762, USA
| | - Se Hyun Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Su Ha
- Samhwa GPS Breeding Agri. Inc., Hongseong 32291, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Kim YB, Seo KW, Shim JB, Son SH, Noh EB, Lee YJ. Molecular characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from layer parent stock. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5892-5899. [PMID: 31180127 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) are ubiquitous intestinal bacteria in humans and animals that can easily acquire antimicrobial resistance, which allows them to have roles as antimicrobial resistance indicators. In addition, layer parent stock produces thousands of eggs for the production of commercial laying hens and can transfer a variety of viral and bacterial agents to chicks. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of antimicrobial-resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium isolated in the layer parent stock level of the egg-layer operating system in South Korea. A total of 129 E. faecalis and 166 E. faecium isolates from 74 flocks of 30 layer parent stock were tested for resistance in this study. The prevalence of doxycycline- (51.9%), erythromycin- (53.5%), high-level gentamicin- (13.2%), high-level kanamycin- (31.0%), high-level streptomycin- (30.2%), and tetracycline- (64.3%) resistant E. faecalis isolates were higher than those for E. faecium isolates (P < 0.05). The ermB gene was detected in 66 (95.7%) erythromycin-resistant E. faecalis isolates, which was higher than that of 32 (71.7%) erythromycin-resistant E. faecium isolates. Twenty-one high-level gentamicin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (17 E. faecalis and 4 E. faecium) carried at least one aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme gene, aac(6')Ie-aph(2')-Ia or ant(6)-Ia. Fourteen isolates that harbored both aac(6')Ie-aph(2')-Ia and ant(6)-Ia exhibited pattern A with IS256 at both ends. Ten high-level ciprofloxacin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (8 E. faecalis and 2 E. faecium) showed amino acid changes from serine to isoleucine at codons 83 in gyrA, and 80 in parC. Also, the virulence genes ace, asa1, efaA, and gelE were detected in this study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the prevalence and characteristics of antimicrobial-resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates in the layer parent stock. Our findings support the need for a surveillance program to monitor the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium in layer operating system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Bin Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Won Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bo Shim
- Korean Poultry TS Co., Ltd., Incheon 17415, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bi Noh
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Kim YB, Seo KW, Son SH, Noh EB, Lee YJ. Genetic characterization of high-level aminoglycoside-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from retail chicken meat. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5981-5988. [PMID: 31298294 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Retail chicken meat can play a role in the transfer of drug resistance to humans through the handling or ingestion of improperly cooked meat contaminated with resistant enterococci. In fact, high-level aminoglycoside-resistance (HLAR) in enterococci identified in human cases. Therefore, the prevalence and genetic characterization of HLAR in enterococci in retail chicken meat were investigated in this study. Of the 345 enterococci strains, 29 (8.7%) showed HLAR. All HLAR in enterococci carried at least 1 of 2 aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes, aac(6')Ie-aph(2″)-Ia and ant(6)-Ia. Among the 13 isolates that carried aac(6')Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, 3 had pattern A, with IS256 at both ends, and the other 10 had pattern D, without IS256 at both ends. All HLAR in enterococci also showed multidrug resistance. Among the 24 erythromycin-resistant enterococci, 19 (79.2%) harbored the ermB gene, and one (4.2%) harbored both the ermB and ermA genes. A total of 21 enterococci were tetracycline-resistant and harbored one or more of the following tetracycline resistance genes tet(M), tet(L), and tet(O). The Int-Tn gene was detected in one isolate (3.4%) carrying the tet(M) and ermB genes. All 4 chloramphenicol-resistant isolates carried either the phenicol resistance gene cfr alone (one isolate), both cfr and fexA (one isolate), or both fexA and optrA (2 isolates). Four efflux pump genes, efr(A), efr(B), emeA, and lsa, were detected in all HLAR in Enterococcus faecalis isolates. These results improve our understanding of the transmission dynamics of HLAR in enterococci from non-hospital sources to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Bin Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Won Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.,Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State 39762, USA
| | - Se Hyun Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bi Noh
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Joghataei M, Shahidi F, Pouladfar G, Mortazavi SA, Ghaderi A. Probiotic potential comparison of Lactobacillus strains isolated from Iranian traditional food products and human feces with standard probiotic strains. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:6680-6688. [PMID: 31328278 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional fermented products are a rich source of microorganisms which may have remarkable probiotic properties even more significant than probiotic strains of human origin. In this study three Lactobacillus plantarum and one Lactobacillus fermentum strains, isolated from either Iranian traditionally fermented products or children's feces, identified with molecular methods and selected based on high acid resistance, were investigated for their probiotic properties in vitro and compared with standard probiotic strains of the species; L. plantarum ATCC 14917, L. fermentum PTCC 1744 and L. acidophilus ATCC 4356. RESULTS Most of the isolates showed a high survival rate under gastrointestinal tract conditions and L. plantarum strains displayed a moderate ability to adhere to human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, HT-29. Neutralized cell free culture supernatants of L. plantarum strains were capable of inhibiting pathogens. Almost all of the strains were resistant to vancomycin and streptomycin and susceptible to other clinically relevant antibiotics. Isolated strains exhibited low to moderate autoaggregation (Auto-A), co-aggregation (Co-A) and hydrophobicity, following a strain specific manner. None of the strains invaded into HT-29 cells while strain PF11 could significantly decrease the number of adhering pathogenic bacteria. Most of the strains increased apoptosis of HT-29 cells, though they had no effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). CONCLUSION Favorable probiotic properties of strains PL4 and PF11 along with their anticancer activity imply their potential for clinical or technological applications. However, further in vitro/in vivo investigations are recommended. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Joghataei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fakhri Shahidi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Pouladfar
- Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Stępień-Pyśniak D, Hauschild T, Kosikowska U, Dec M, Urban-Chmiel R. Biofilm formation capacity and presence of virulence factors among commensal Enterococcus spp. from wild birds. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11204. [PMID: 31371744 PMCID: PMC6671946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47602-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are opportunistic pathogens that can form biofilms during infections and many virulence determinants are involved in this process. Although the virulence factors are often analysed in Enterococcus spp. from humans and food animals, little is known about gut enterococcal isolates from wild birds. Therefore, the determination of virulence factors among enterococci isolated from wild birds may provide new information about a possible source of infection for humans and animals or vice versa via the environment. We analysed different phenotypic and genotypic traits in enterococci from wild birds related to potential virulence in humans and animals and to evaluate biofilm formation and its relationship to virulence genes. The E. faecalis isolates were characterised by greater frequency of biofilm formation in BHI than E. faecium. There was a correlation between hydrophobicity and biofilm formation in BHI broth in E. faecalis. None of the isolates was haemolytic. The presence of some adhesion and gelatinase genes was detected in biofilm-positive isolates. The enterococcal pathogenic factors (esp, hyl, and cyl operon genes) did not seem to be necessary or sufficient for production of biofilm by analysed bacteria. Enterococcus species isolated from wild birds should be considered as a possible source of some virulence determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Hauschild
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Urszula Kosikowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Dec
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Urban-Chmiel
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Igbinosa EO, Beshiru A. Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Determinants, and Biofilm Formation of Enterococcus Species From Ready-to-Eat Seafood. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:728. [PMID: 31057497 PMCID: PMC6482160 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus species form an important population of commensal bacteria and have been reported to possess numerous virulence factors considered significantly important in exacerbating diseases caused by them. The present study was designed to characterize antibiotic-resistant and virulent enterococci from ready-to-eat (RTE) seafood. A total of 720 RTE shrimp samples comprising sauced shrimp (n = 288), boiled shrimp (n = 216), and smoked shrimp (n = 216) obtained from open markets in Delta State, Nigeria, were assessed. Standard classical methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used in identifying the Enterococcus species. Potential virulence factors (β-hemolysis, gelatinase activity, S-layer, and biofilm formation) were assessed using standard procedures. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the identified enterococci isolates was assayed using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. PCR was further used to screen selected antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. Prevalence of Enterococcus species from shrimp varieties is as follows: sauced, 26 (9.03%); boiled, 6 (2.78%); and smoked, 27 (12.50%), with an overall prevalence of 59 (8.19%) based on the occurrence of black hallow colonies after incubation. Enterococcus species detected include E. faecalis, 17 (28.8%); E. faecium, 29 (49.2%); E. gallinarum, 6 (10.2%); E. casseliflavus, 2 (3.4%); E. hirae, 3 (5.1%); and E. durans, 2 (3.4%). Biofilm occurrence among the shrimp varieties is as follows: 19/26 (73.1%) for sauced shrimps, 5/6 (83.3%) for boiled shrimps, and 16/27 (59.3%) for smoked shrimps. The phenotypic expression of the enterococci virulence revealed the following: S-layer, 59 (100%); gelatinase production, 19 (32.2%); and β-hemolysis, 21 (35.6%). An average of 3–11 virulence genes were detected in the Enterococcus species. The resistance profile of Enterococcus species is as follows: erythromycin, 29 (49.2%); vancomycin, 22 (37.3%); and tetracycline, 27 (45.8%). The frequency of occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes from the phenotypic resistant enterococci isolates to the macrolide, glycopeptide, and tetracycline antibiotics is as follows: ermA, 13/29 (44.8%); vanA, 14/22 (63.6%); tetA, 14/27 (51.9%); tetM, 15/27 (55.6%); ermB, 4/29 (13.8%); and vanB, 5/22 (22.7%). Findings from this study reveal the antibiotic resistance of enterococci strains of such species as E. durans, E. casseliflavus, E. gallinarum, and E. hirae. This study further revealed that RTE food products are reservoirs of potential virulent enterococci with antibiotic-resistant capabilities. This provides useful data for risk assessment and indicates that these foods may present a potential public health risk to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etinosa O Igbinosa
- Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.,Sustainable Development Office, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Abeni Beshiru
- Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
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Belaynehe KM, Shin SW, Hong-Tae P, Yoo HS. Occurrence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes among isolates of Escherichia coli exhibiting high levels of aminoglycoside resistance isolated from Korean cattle farms. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018. [PMID: 28637330 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated 247 Escherichia coli isolates collected from four cattle farms to characterize aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AME) genes, their plasmid replicons and transferability. Out of 247 isolates a high number of isolates (total 202; 81.78%) were found to be resistant to various antibiotics by disc diffusion. Of the 247 strains, 139 (56.3%) were resistant to streptomycin, and other antibiotic resistances followed as tetracycline (12.15%), ampicillin (7%), chloramphenicol (5.7%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (0.8%). Among 247 isolates B1 was the predominant phylogenetic group identified comprising 151 isolates (61.1%), followed by groups A (27.9%), D (7%) and B2 (4%). Out of 139 isolates investigated for AME, 130 (93.5%) isolates carried at least one AME gene. aph3″-1a and aph3″-1b (46%) were the principal genes detected, followed by aac3-IVa (34.5%). ant2″-1a was the least detected gene (2.2%). Nine (6.5%) strains carried no AME genes. Twelve (63.2%) among 19 isolates transferred an AME gene to a recipient and aph3΄-1a was the dominant transferred gene. Transferability mainly occurred via the IncFIB replicon type (52.6%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing demonstrated a higher degree of diversity with 14 distinct cluster types. This result suggests that commensal microflora from food-producing animals has a tremendous ability to harbor and transfer AME genes, and poses a potential risk by dissemination of resistance to humans through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuastros Mekonnen Belaynehe
- Department of infectious diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Shin
- Department of infectious diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of infectious diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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16
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Chotinantakul K, Chansiw N, Okada S. Antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp. isolated from Thai fermented pork in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 12:143-148. [PMID: 29030312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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WILD BIRDS AS A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF KNOWN AND NOVEL MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPES OF ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS. J Wildl Dis 2017; 54:219-228. [PMID: 29148887 DOI: 10.7589/2017-05-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of 27 Enterococcus faecalis isolates from 25 wild bird species in Poland. Resistance to lincomycin (100%) was most common followed by tetracycline (48%), erythromycin (44%), and ciprofloxacin (22%). High-level resistance to streptomycin and kanamycin was observed in 19% and 15% of isolates, respectively. One isolate (4%) exhibited low-level resistance to penicillin and vancomycin, and all isolates were susceptible to gentamicin and chloramphenicol. Antibiotic resistance was linked to the tet(M), tet(L), erm(A), erm(B), msr(A/B), ant(6)-Ia, and aph(3')-IIIa genes. None of the tested van ( vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2/C3, vanD, vanE, vanG) genes were found in the vancomycin-resistant isolate. Based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing analysis, the E. faecalis population from wild birds revealed high genetic diversity. All isolates were divided into 22 pulsotypes and 18 sequence types (STs), among which seven STs were newly assigned (ST748-ST753 and ST764). The most-prevalent STs were ST290 and ST374 followed by ST287 and ST34. The coexistence of strains assigned to the same STs in wild birds and in nonwildlife populations strongly indicated that many wild bird species could constitute a source of E. faecalis for infections in humans, pets, and farm animals.
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Ngbede EO, Raji MA, Kwanashie CN, Kwaga JKP, Adikwu AA, Maurice NA, Adamu AM. Characterization of high level ampicillin- and aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci isolated from non-hospital sources. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:1027-1032. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel O. Ngbede
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Mashood A. Raji
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Clara N. Kwanashie
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Jacob K. P. Kwaga
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Alex A. Adikwu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Nanven A. Maurice
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Department of Diagnostic and Extension, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Andrew M. Adamu
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
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Medeiros AW, Blaese Amorim D, Tavares M, de Moura TM, Franco AC, d'Azevedo PA, Frazzon J, Frazzon APG. Enterococcus species diversity in fecal samples of wild marine species as determined by real-time PCR. Can J Microbiol 2016; 63:129-136. [PMID: 27991828 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Analyses using culture-independent molecular techniques have improved our understanding of microbial composition. The aim of this work was to identify and quantify enterococci in fecal samples of wild marine species using real-time quantitative PCR. Seven Enterococcus species were examined in fecal DNA of South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis), Subantarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis), green turtles (Chelonia mydas), Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus), snowy-crowned tern (Sterna trudeaui), white-backed stilt (Himantopus melanurus), white-chinned petrels (Procellaria aequinoctialis), red knot (Calidris canutus), and black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophris). All Enterococcus species evaluated were detected in all fecal samples of wild marine species, with a concentration ranging between 106 and 1012 copies/ng of total DNA. Differences in the enterococci distribution were observed. Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus mundtii were most abundant in marine mammals. Enterococcus faecalis was frequent in green turtle, Magellanic penguin, snowy-crowned tern, red knot, and black-browed albatross. Enterococcus hirae and Enterococcus gallinarum showed elevated occurrence in white-backed stilt, and Enterococcus faecium in white-chinned petrel. This study showed highest diversity of enterococci in feces of wild marine species than currently available data, and reinforced the use of culture-independent analysis to help us to enhance our understanding of enterococci in gastrointestinal tracts of wild marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Weber Medeiros
- a Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite, 500, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Derek Blaese Amorim
- b Center for Coastal Studies, Limnology and Marine, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Tramandaí, 976, CEP 95625-000, Imbé, RS, Brazil
| | - Maurício Tavares
- b Center for Coastal Studies, Limnology and Marine, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Tramandaí, 976, CEP 95625-000, Imbé, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiane Martin de Moura
- c Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, 1 - Centro, CEP 96010-610, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Franco
- a Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite, 500, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Alves d'Azevedo
- d Gram-positive Coccus Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Sarmento Leite, 245, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jeverson Frazzon
- e Food Science Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500 - Campus do Vale - Prédio 443.212, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Guedes Frazzon
- a Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite, 500, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Joghataei M, Yavarmanesh M, Dovom MRE. Safety Evaluation and Antibacterial Activity of Enterococci Isolated from Lighvan Cheese. J Food Saf 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Joghataei
- Department of Food science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Masoud Yavarmanesh
- Department of Food science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
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21
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Virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation in Enterococcus spp. isolated from retail shrimps. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Rehaiem A, Fhoula I, Slim AF, Ben Boubaker IB, Chihi AB, Ouzari HI. Prevalence, acquired antibiotic resistance and bacteriocin production of Enterococcus spp. isolated from tunisian fermented food products. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Virulence Genes among Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Isolated from Coastal Beaches and Human and Nonhuman Sources in Southern California and Puerto Rico. J Pathog 2016; 2016:3437214. [PMID: 27144029 PMCID: PMC4842068 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3437214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Most Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium are harmless to humans; however, strains harboring virulence genes, including esp, gelE, cylA, asa1, and hyl, have been associated with human infections. E. faecalis and E. faecium are present in beach waters worldwide, yet little is known about their virulence potential. Here, multiplex PCR was used to compare the distribution of virulence genes among E. faecalis and E. faecium isolated from beaches in Southern California and Puerto Rico to isolates from potential sources including humans, animals, birds, and plants. All five virulence genes were found in E. faecalis and E. faecium from beach water, mostly among E. faecalis. gelE was the most common among isolates from all source types. There was a lower incidence of asa1, esp, cylA, and hyl genes among isolates from beach water, sewage, septage, urban runoff, sea wrack, and eelgrass as compared to human isolates, indicating that virulent strains of E. faecalis and E. faecium may not be widely disseminated at beaches. A higher frequency of asa1 and esp among E. faecalis from dogs and of asa1 among birds (mostly seagull) suggests that further studies on the distribution and virulence potential of strains carrying these genes may be warranted.
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Prevalence of Virulence Factors and Drug Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Enterococci: A Study from North India. J Pathog 2015; 2015:692612. [PMID: 26366302 PMCID: PMC4561117 DOI: 10.1155/2015/692612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with emergence of multidrug resistance, presence of several virulence factors in enterococci is an emerging concept. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of various virulence factors phenotypically and genotypically in enterococci and study their association with multidrug resistance. A total of 310 enterococcal isolates were studied, comprising 155 E. faecium and 155 E. faecalis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by disc diffusion and agar dilution method. Hemolysin, gelatinase, biofilm production, and haemagglutination were detected phenotypically and presence of virulence genes, namely, asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, and hyl, was detected by multiplex PCR. Of the total, 47.41% isolates were high level gentamicin resistant (HLGRE) and 7.09% were vancomycin resistant (VRE). All the virulence traits studied were found in varying proportions, with majority in E. faecalis (p > 0.05). Strong biofilm producers possessed either asa1 or gelE gene. gelE silent gene was detected in 41.37% (12/29). However, increase in resistance was associated with significant decrease in expression or acquisition of virulence genes. Further, acquisition of vancomycin resistance was the significant factor responsible for the loss of virulence traits. Though it is presumed that increased drug resistance correlates with increased virulence, acquisition of vancomycin resistance might be responsible for reduced expression of virulence traits to meet the “biological cost” relating to VRE.
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Fernandes MDS, Fujimoto G, de Souza LP, Kabuki DY, da Silva MJ, Kuaye AY. Dissemination of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in a ricotta processing plant and evaluation of pathogenic and antibiotic resistance profiles. J Food Sci 2015; 80:M765-75. [PMID: 25874819 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the sources of contamination by Enterococcus spp. in a ricotta processing line were evaluated. The isolated strains were tested for virulence genes (gelE, cylA,B, M, esp, agg, ace, efaA, vanB), expression of virulence factors (hemolysin and gelatinase), and the resistance to 10 different antibiotics. Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis were subjected to discriminatory identification by intergenic spacer region (ITS)-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the ITS region. The results showed that Enterococcus spp. was detected in the raw materials, environment samples and the final product. None of the 107 Enterococcus isolates were completely free from all virulence genes considered. A fraction of 21.5% of the isolates containing all of the genes of the cylA, B, M operon also expressed β-hemolysis. Most of the isolates showed the gelE gene, but only 9.3% were able to hydrolyze gelatin. In addition, 23.5% of the observed Enterococcus isolates had the vanB gene but were susceptible to vancomycin in vitro. The dissemination of antibiotic-resistant enterococci was revealed in this study: 19.3% of the E. faecium samples and 78.0% of the E. faecalis samples were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested. Sequencing of region discriminated 5 and 7 distinct groups among E. faecalis and E. faecium, respectively. Although some similarity was observed among some of the isolates, all E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates had genetic differences both in the ITS region and in the virulence profile, which makes them different from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg da Silva Fernandes
- Dept. of Food Technology, Univ. of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, CEP 13083-862, P.O. Box 6121, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Diversity of species and antibiotic resistance among fecal enterococci from wild birds in Tunisia. Detection of vanA-containing Enterococcus faecium isolates. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-014-0884-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Guerrero-Olmos K, Báez J, Valenzuela N, Gahona J, Del Campo R, Silva J. Molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus species from gut microbiota of Chilean Altiplano camelids. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2014; 4:24714. [PMID: 25405007 PMCID: PMC4216392 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v4.24714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterococcus is one of the major human pathogens able to acquire multiple antibiotic-resistant markers as well as virulence factors which also colonize remote ecosystems, including wild animals. In this work, we characterized the Enterococcus population colonizing the gut of Chilean Altiplano camelids without foreign human contact. Material and methods Rectal swabs from 40 llamas and 10 alpacas were seeded in M-Enterococcus agar, and we selected a total of 57 isolates. Species identification was performed by biochemical classical tests, semi-automated WIDER system, mass spectrometry analysis by MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer), and, finally, nucleotide sequence of internal fragments of the 16S rRNA, rpoB, pheS, and aac(6)-I genes. Genetic diversity was measured by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)-SmaI, whereas the antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the WIDER system. Carriage of virulence factors was explored by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Our results demonstrated that the most prevalent specie was Enterococcus hirae (82%), followed by other non–Enterococcus faecalis and non–Enterococcus faecium species. Some discrepancies were detected among the identification methods used, and the most reliable were the rpoB, pheS, and aac(6)-I nucleotide sequencing. Selected isolates exhibited susceptibility to almost all studied antibiotics, and virulence factors were not detected by PCR. Finally, some predominant clones were characterized by PFGE into a diverse genetic background. Conclusion Enterococcus species from the Chilean camelids’ gut microbiota were different from those adapted to humans, and they remained free of antibiotic resistance mechanisms as well as virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Báez
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Nicomédes Valenzuela
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Joselyne Gahona
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Rosa Del Campo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Silva
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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28
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Li P, Wu D, Liu K, Suolang S, He T, Liu X, Wu C, Wang Y, Lin D. Investigation of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli and enterococci isolated from Tibetan pigs. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95623. [PMID: 24748326 PMCID: PMC3991701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli and enterococci isolated from free-ranging Tibetan pigs in Tibet, China, and analyzed the influence of free-ranging husbandry on antimicrobial resistance. Methods A total of 232 fecal samples were collected from Tibetan pigs, and the disk diffusion method was used to examine their antimicrobial resistance. Broth microdilution and agar dilution methods were used to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations for antimicrobial agents for which disks were not commercially available. Results A total of 129 E. coli isolates and 84 Enterococcus isolates were recovered from the fecal samples. All E. coli isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and 40.4% were resistant to tetracycline. A small number of isolates were resistant to florfenicol (27.9%), ampicillin (27.9%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (19.4%), nalidixic acid (19.4%), streptomycin (16.2%) and ceftiofur (10.9%), and very low resistance rates to ciprofloxacin (7.8%), gentamicin (6.9%), and spectinomycin (2.3%) were observed in E. coli. All Enterococcus isolates, including E. faecium, E. faecalis, E. hirae, and E. mundtii, were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and vancomycin, but showed high frequencies of resistance to oxacillin (92.8%), clindamycin (82.1%), tetracycline (64.3%), and erythromycin (48.8%). Resistance rates to florfenicol (17.9%), penicillin (6.0%), ciprofloxacin (3.6%), levofloxacin (1.2%), and ampicillin (1.2%) were low. Only one high-level streptomycin resistant E. faecium isolate and one high-level gentamicin resistant E. faecium isolate were observed. Approximately 20% and 70% of E. coli and Enterococcus isolates, respectively, were defined as multidrug-resistant. Conclusions In this study, E. coli and Enterococcus isolated from free-ranging Tibetan pigs showed relatively lower resistance rates than those in other areas of China, where more intensive farming practices are used. These results also revealed that free-range husbandry and absence of antibiotic use could decrease the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry, Tibet University, Linzhi, P. R. China
| | - Dongfang Wu
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kunyao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, China Institute of Veterinary Drugs Control, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Sizhu Suolang
- College of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry, Tibet University, Linzhi, P. R. China
| | - Tao He
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Liu
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Congming Wu
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Degui Lin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Fouhy F, Ross RP, Fitzgerald GF, Stanton C, Cotter PD. A degenerate PCR-based strategy as a means of identifying homologues of aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance genes in the gut microbiota. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:25. [PMID: 24499167 PMCID: PMC3917905 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The potential for the human gut microbiota to serve as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes has been the subject of recent discussion. However, this has yet to be investigated using a rapid PCR-based approach. In light of this, here we aim to determine if degenerate PCR primers can detect aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance genes in the gut microbiota of healthy adults, without the need for an initial culture-based screen for resistant isolates. In doing so, we would determine if the gut microbiota of healthy adults, lacking recent antibiotic exposure, is a reservoir for resistance genes. Results The strategy employed resulted in the identification of numerous aminoglycoside (acetylation, adenylation and phosphorylation) and β-lactam (including blaOXA, blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M) resistance gene homologues. On the basis of homology, it would appear that these genes originated from different bacterial taxa, with members of the Enterobacteriaceae being a particularly rich source. The results demonstrate that, even in the absence of recent antibiotic exposure, the human gut microbiota is a considerable reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes. Conclusions This study has demonstrated that the gut can be a significant source of aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance genes, even in the absence of recent antibiotic exposure. The results also demonstrate that PCR-based approaches can be successfully applied to detect antibiotic resistance genes in the human gut microbiota, without the need to isolate resistant strains. This approach could also be used to rapidly screen other complex environments for target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland.
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Occurrence of the transferable copper resistance gene tcrB among fecal enterococci of U.S. feedlot cattle fed copper-supplemented diets. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:4369-75. [PMID: 23666328 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00503-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper, an essential micronutrient, is supplemented in the diet at elevated levels to reduce morbidity and mortality and to promote growth in feedlot cattle. Gut bacteria exposed to copper can acquire resistance, which among enterococci is conferred by a transferable copper resistance gene (tcrB) borne on a plasmid. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether the feeding of copper at levels sufficient to promote growth increases the prevalence of the tcrB gene among the fecal enterococci of feedlot cattle. The study was performed with 261 crossbred yearling heifers housed in 24 pens, with pens assigned randomly to a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of dietary copper and a commercial linseed meal-based energy protein supplement. A total of 22 isolates, each identified as Enterococcus faecium, were positive for tcrB with an overall prevalence of 3.8% (22/576). The prevalence was higher among the cattle fed diets supplemented with copper (6.9%) compared to normal copper levels (0.7%). The tcrB-positive isolates always contained both erm(B) and tet(M) genes. Median copper MICs for tcrB-positive and tcrB-negative enterococci were 22 and 4 mM, respectively. The transferability of the tcrB gene was demonstrated via a filter-mating assay. Multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis revealed a genetically diverse population of enterococci. The finding of a strong association between the copper resistance gene and other antibiotic (tetracycline and tylosin) resistance determinants is significant because enterococci remain potential pathogens and have the propensity to transfer resistance genes to other bacteria in the gut.
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Semedo-Lemsaddek T, Nóbrega CS, Ribeiro T, Pedroso NM, Sales-Luís T, Lemsaddek A, Tenreiro R, Tavares L, Vilela CL, Oliveira M. Virulence traits and antibiotic resistance among enterococci isolated from Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra). Vet Microbiol 2013; 163:378-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kwon KH, Hwang SY, Kim SH, Moon BY, Park BK, Yoon JW, Park YH. Characterization of Enterocccus faecalis
Isolates from the Pork Meat Production Chain and Comparison with Human Clinical Isolates. J Food Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Hee Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Bacteriology Laboratory and Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; San 56-1, Daehak-dong Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Hwang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Bacteriology Laboratory and Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; San 56-1, Daehak-dong Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - So Hyun Kim
- Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases (APFID); Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Youn Moon
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Bacteriology Laboratory and Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; San 56-1, Daehak-dong Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Kyun Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Laboratory and Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Won Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Bacteriology Laboratory and Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; San 56-1, Daehak-dong Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Bacteriology Laboratory and Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; San 56-1, Daehak-dong Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
- Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency; Anyang Gyeonggi Republic of Korea
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Cinquepalmi V, Monno R, Fumarola L, Ventrella G, Calia C, Greco MF, de Vito D, Soleo L. Environmental contamination by dog’s faeces: a public health problem? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 10:72-84. [PMID: 23263659 PMCID: PMC3564131 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The risk to public health from the large number of dog stools present on streets of urban areas is cause for concern. Dog faeces may be a serious hazard because they may contain microorganisms that are both pathogenic to humans and resistant to several classes of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for zoonotic infections and for the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in canine faeces which contaminates the urban environment. A total of 418 canine faecal samples were collected from streets in seven areas of Bari, Southern Italy. We have isolated multi-drug resistant Enterococci and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from these dog faecal samples. The presence of the resistant bacteria in an urban environment may represent a public health hazard which requires control measures by competent authorities. No Salmonella, Yersinia or Campylobacter species were isolated. Giardia cysts were detected in 1.9% of the samples. The predominant Enterococcus species were E. faecium (61.6%), E. gallinarum (23.3%) and E. casseliflavus (5.5%). Other species, including E. faecalis were also isolated. These strains were resistant to clindamycin (86.3%), tetracycline (65.7%), erythromycin (60.27%) and ampicillin (47.9%). High-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) was found in 65.7% of enterococci. Resistance to three or more antibiotics and six or more antibiotics were observed in 67.12% and 38.4% of Enterococcus spp., respectively. Resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin was not detected in any of the Enterococcus spp. isolated. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 0.7% of the faecal samples. Canine faeces left on the streets may represent a risk factor for transmission of microorganisms and a reservoir of multidrug- resistant bacteria thus contributing to the spread of resistance genes into an urban area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Cinquepalmi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Occupational Medicine Section , University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; E-Mails: (V.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Rosa Monno
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; E-Mails: (L.F.); (C.C.); (D.V.)
| | - Luciana Fumarola
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; E-Mails: (L.F.); (C.C.); (D.V.)
| | - Gianpiero Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, University of Bari, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy; E-Mails: (G.V.); (M.F.G.)
| | - Carla Calia
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; E-Mails: (L.F.); (C.C.); (D.V.)
| | - Maria Fiorella Greco
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, University of Bari, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy; E-Mails: (G.V.); (M.F.G.)
| | - Danila de Vito
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; E-Mails: (L.F.); (C.C.); (D.V.)
| | - Leonardo Soleo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Occupational Medicine Section , University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; E-Mails: (V.C.); (L.S.)
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Liu Y, Liu K, Lai J, Wu C, Shen J, Wang Y. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus species of food animal origin from Beijing and Shandong Province, China. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 114:555-63. [PMID: 23110411 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus species from chickens and pigs in Beijing and Shandong Province, China. METHODS AND RESULTS Swab samples were collected from four farms in Beijing and two in Shandong Province in 2009 and tested for Enterococcus. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial agents were determined using broth microdilution or agar screening methods. A total of 453 Enterococcus isolates were recovered, belonging to six different Enterococcus species. All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin. Resistance to tetracycline (92.5%), amikacin (89.4%), erythromycin (72.8%) and rifampin (58.1%), and high-level streptomycin resistance (HLSR, 50.3%) were prevalent, while resistance to penicillins (7.9% to penicillin and 4.2% to ampicillin) was rare. The resistance rates to phenicols (chloramphenicol and florfenicol) and enrofloxacin, and high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) were approximately 30%. The vast majority of the Enterococcus isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant organisms. CONCLUSIONS Resistance of Enterococcus sp. to most antimicrobials was more prevalent in China than in European or other Asian countries. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our findings reveal a high level of antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus isolates from food animals in China and underline the need for prudent use of antibiotics in chicken and pig production to minimize the spread of antibiotic-resistant enterococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Prevalence, distribution and antibiotic resistance pattern among enterococci species in two traditional fermented dairy foods. ANN MICROBIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-012-0530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Djahmi N, Boutet-Dubois A, Nedjai S, Dekhil M, Sotto A, Lavigne JP. Molecular epidemiology of Enterococcus sp. isolated in a university hospital in Algeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 44:656-62. [DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2012.673232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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