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Madhavan K, Rukayadi Y, Abdul-Mutalib NA. Controlling vegetative cells and spores growth of Bacillus spp. using ethanolic Ketapang ( Terminalia catappa L.) leaf extract. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18749. [PMID: 37600365 PMCID: PMC10432961 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Terminalia catappa L. is a large, spreading type of tree which usually grows in tropical environment, especially at coastal area with sandy stones. The current study evaluated anti-Bacillus potential of the ethanolic ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) leaf extract (EKLE) as antibacterial and sporicidal agent against vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus spp. The antibacterial activity of EKLE against Bacillus spp. (B. cereus ATCC33019, B. pumilus ATCC14884, B. subtilis ATCC6633 and B. megaterium ATCC14581) vegetative cells were determined by performing well diffusion assay (WDA), minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) and time-kill curve analyses. The sporicidal activity was tested at different concentrations of EKLE. Then, the extract's stability in terms of antibacterial and sporicidal activities upon exposure to different temperatures and pHs were carried out. Results demonstrated inhibition zones of EKLE against Bacillus spp. was in the range of 9.25 ± 0.75 mm - 11.67 ± 0.47 mm. All vegetative cells of Bacillus spp. were inhibited with MIC values at 0.63-1.25 mg/mL and can be completely killed with MBC values of 0.63 - >5.00 mg/mL. Time-kill analysis showed all the Bacillus spp. tested can be completely killed at concentrations of 2.50-5.00 mg/mL from 1 to 4 h. EKLE concentration of 1% (w/v) completely killed all Bacillus spp. spores at different exposure time. The antibacterial and sporicidal activities of EKLE were not affected by exposure to different temperatures (4, 30, 50, 80 and 121 °C) and pHs (3, 7 and 10), revealing the stability of the extract against different conditions. In conclusion, Terminalia catappa L. leaf exhibits antibacterial and sporicidal activities against Bacillus spp., therefore, the extract can be developed as anti-Bacillus agent, paving the way for its utilization in food industry as a natural food preservative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kierrthanah Madhavan
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yaya Rukayadi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azira Abdul-Mutalib
- Department of Food Service and Management, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
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2
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Le Marc Y, Postollec F, Huchet V, Ellouze M. Modelling the thermal inactivation of spores from different phylogenetic groups of Bacillus cereus. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 368:109607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Sun R, Vermeulen A, Devlieghere F. Modeling the combined effect of temperature, pH, acetic and lactic acid concentrations on the growth/no growth interface of acid-tolerant Bacillus spores. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 360:109419. [PMID: 34600755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of minimal processing technologies has led to increased spoilage incidents in low-acid pasteurized sauces due to the outgrowth of acid-tolerant spore-forming spoilage bacteria (ATSSB). Controlling the germination and subsequent growth of ATSSB spores is vital to enhance the ambient storage stability of pasteurized sauces. This study developed and validated a set of growth/no growth (G/NG) models for spores of two ATSSB strains (Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis) isolated from pasteurized sauces. The G/NG data at two levels of temperature (22 and 30 °C) were collected in Nutrient Broth (aw = 0.98 adjusted with NaCl) by a full factorial design with five equidistant levels of pH (4.4-5.6), four concentrations of total acetic acid (0.0-0.3% (w/w)), and four concentrations of total lactic acid (0.00-1.00% (w/w)). The growth, starting from heat-treated (10 min 80 °C) spores, of each strain was assessed under 160 combinations by regular optical density measurements during three months. Twelve replicates were made for each combination. The developed models demonstrate that without organic acids even the lowest pH (4.4) allows a high growth possibility of the ATSSB spores, while acetic and lactic acids exhibit a significant antibacterial activity, which can be enhanced at decreased pH. The growth starting from B. subtilis spores can be inhibited for at least three months with 1.0% (w/w) total lactic acid in the water phase at both temperatures, which was not the case for B. velezensis, while 0.3% acetic acid achieves a full inhibition on both strains at 22 °C. With a combination of 0.3% acetic acid and 0.7% lactic acid, no growth should occur in the investigated range. This research is one of the first studies exploring the feasibility of ambient storage for low-acid pasteurized sauces eliminating preservatives such as benzoic and sorbic acids, and proves the synergistic effect of decreased pH and the presence of acetic and lactic acids on inhibiting bacterial growth from ATSSB spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxue Sun
- FMFP, Research Unit of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - An Vermeulen
- FMFP, Research Unit of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Devlieghere
- FMFP, Research Unit of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Kobayashi T, Azuma T, Yasokawa D, Yamaki S, Yamazaki K. Spore Heat Resistance and Growth Ability at Refrigeration Temperatures of Bacillus spp. and Paenibacillus spp. Biocontrol Sci 2021; 26:147-155. [PMID: 34556617 DOI: 10.4265/bio.26.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
In this study, spore heat resistance and growth ability at refrigeration temperatures of Bacillus spp. and Paenibacillus spp. were determined. The spore D90°C of 67.6% (23 of 34 strains) of Bacillus and 73.9% (17 of 23 strains) of Paenibacillus was less than 15 min. The growth abilities of both genera were equivalent at 10°C. However, 71.1% (32 of 45 strains) of Paenibacillus and only 6.3% (3 of 48 strains) of Bacillus cereus group could grow at 4°C. Eight B. cereus strains formed spores with higher heat resistance compared to the other Bacillus strains assessed; however, they did not grow at tempreratures below 10°C. Conversely, four Paenibacillus strains formed spores with heat resistance equivalent to that of the eight B. cereus strains and grew at 6°C or lower. In particular, Paenibacillus sp. JCM13343 formed the highest heat-resistant spores (D90°C = 136.1 min) and grew well at 4°C. These results indicate that Paenibacillus can grow in processed foods during refrigerated storage and has the potential to cause spoilage as well as Bacillus. Therefore, Paenibacillus should be considered as one of the targets for microbiological control in refrigerated processed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takanori Azuma
- Food Processing Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization
| | | | - Shogo Yamaki
- Laboratory of Marine Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Koji Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Marine Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University
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5
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Alvarez-Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover-Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Nauta M, Peixe L, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Jacxsens L, Skjerdal T, Da Silva Felício MT, Hempen M, Messens W, Lindqvist R. Guidance on date marking and related food information: part 2 (food information). EFSA J 2021; 19:e06510. [PMID: 33897858 PMCID: PMC8061283 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A risk‐based approach was used to develop guidance to be followed by food business operators (FBOs) when deciding on food information relating to storage conditions and/or time limits for consumption after opening a food package and thawing of frozen foods. After opening the package, contamination may occur, introducing new pathogens into the food and the intrinsic (e.g. pH and aw), extrinsic (e.g. temperature and gas atmosphere) and implicit (e.g. interactions with competing background microbiota) factors may change, affecting microbiological food safety. Setting a time limit for consumption after opening the package (secondary shelf‐life) is complex in view of the many influencing factors and information gaps. A decision tree (DT) was developed to assist FBOs in deciding whether the time limit for consumption after opening, due to safety reasons, is potentially shorter than the initial ‘best before’ or ‘use by’ date of the product in its unopened package. For products where opening the package leads to a change of the type of pathogenic microorganisms present in the food and/or factors increasing their growth compared to the unopened product, a shorter time limit for consumption after opening would be appropriate. Freezing prevents the growth of pathogens, however, most pathogenic microorganisms may survive frozen storage, recover during thawing and then grow and/or produce toxins in the food, if conditions are favourable. Moreover, additional contamination may occur from hands, contact surfaces or contamination from other foods and utensils. Good practices for thawing should, from a food safety point of view, minimise growth of and contamination by pathogens between the food being thawed and other foods and/or contact surfaces, especially when removing the food from the package during thawing. Best practices for thawing foods are presented to support FBOs.
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Tsuruma N, Doto S, Ishida W, Koyama K, Koseki S. How many repetitions per condition are required for developing a stable growth/no growth boundary model for Bacillus simplex spores? Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Reddy NR, Morrissey TR, Aguilar VL, Schill KM, Skinner GE. Evidence for Bacillus cereus Spores as the Target Pathogen in Thermally Processed Extended Shelf Life Refrigerated Foods. J Food Prot 2021; 84:442-448. [PMID: 33125074 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The microbial safety concern associated with thermally processed extended shelf life (ESL) refrigerated foods is based on adequate elimination of spore-forming pathogens such as nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum types B, E, and F. These pathogens are traditionally regarded as targets for validation of thermally processed ESL foods. However, their use for research is restricted due to their designation as select agents. In this study, the thermal resistances of spores of 10 nonproteolytic C. botulinum types B and F and seven psychrotrophic Bacillus cereus strains were evaluated in ACES (N-(2-acetamido)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) buffer (0.05 M, pH 7.00) and compared to determine whether any of the B. cereus strains could serve as a nonselect agent for establishing thermal processes for ESL refrigerated foods. Thermal decimal reduction times (DT-values) of both nonproteolytic C. botulinum types B and F and psychrotrophic B. cereus strains decreased as process temperature increased from 80 to 91°C, and the highest values were obtained at 80°C. All psychrotrophic B. cereus strains tested were more thermally resistant than nonproteolytic C. botulinum types B and F. DT-values of nonproteolytic C. botulinum types B and F decreased to <1.0 min at 87°C, whereas all psychrotrophic B. cereus strains had higher DT-values (i.e., 52.35 to 133.69 min) at the same temperature. Among all psychrotrophic B. cereus strains tested, BC-6A16 had the highest DT-values at any given temperature. The DT-values indicated that the psychrotrophic B. cereus strains were more thermally resistant than the nonproteolytic C. botulinum strains and therefore may be potential target pathogens for thermal process validation of ESL refrigerated foods. However, further comparative challenge studies are needed with a model food system or an ESL refrigerated food to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rukma Reddy
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Division of Food Processing Science and Technology, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-3205 [N.R.R.])
| | - Travis R Morrissey
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Division of Food Processing Science and Technology, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501
| | - Viviana L Aguilar
- Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, USA
| | - Kristin M Schill
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Division of Food Processing Science and Technology, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501
| | - Guy E Skinner
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Division of Food Processing Science and Technology, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501
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8
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Jessberger N, Dietrich R, Granum PE, Märtlbauer E. The Bacillus cereus Food Infection as Multifactorial Process. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E701. [PMID: 33167492 PMCID: PMC7694497 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12110701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous soil bacterium Bacillus cereus presents major challenges to food safety. It is responsible for two types of food poisoning, the emetic form due to food intoxication and the diarrheal form emerging from food infections with enteropathogenic strains, also known as toxico-infections, which are the subject of this review. The diarrheal type of food poisoning emerges after production of enterotoxins by viable bacteria in the human intestine. Basically, the manifestation of the disease is, however, the result of a multifactorial process, including B. cereus prevalence and survival in different foods, survival of the stomach passage, spore germination, motility, adhesion, and finally enterotoxin production in the intestine. Moreover, all of these processes are influenced by the consumed foodstuffs as well as the intestinal microbiota which have, therefore, to be considered for a reliable prediction of the hazardous potential of contaminated foods. Current knowledge regarding these single aspects is summarized in this review aiming for risk-oriented diagnostics for enteropathogenic B. cereus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Jessberger
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schönleutnerstr. 8, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Richard Dietrich
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schönleutnerstr. 8, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Per Einar Granum
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003 NMBU, 1432 Ås, Norway;
| | - Erwin Märtlbauer
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schönleutnerstr. 8, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.D.); (E.M.)
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9
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Valero A, Olague E, Medina-Pradas E, Garrido-Fernández A, Romero-Gil V, Cantalejo MJ, García-Gimeno RM, Pérez-Rodríguez F, Posada-Izquierdo GD, Arroyo-López FN. Influence of Acid Adaptation on the Probability of Germination of Clostridium sporogenes Spores Against pH, NaCl and Time. Foods 2020; 9:E127. [PMID: 31991695 PMCID: PMC7074042 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Clostridium sp. is a large group of spore-forming, facultative or strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria that can produce food poisoning. The table olive industry is demanding alternative formulations to respond to market demand for the reduction of acidity and salt contents in final products. while maintaining the appearance of freshness of fruits. In this work, logistic regression models for non-adapted and acid-adapted Clostridium sp. strains were developed in laboratory medium to study the influence of pH, NaCl (%) and time on the probability of germination of their spores. A Clostridium sporogenes cocktail was not able to germinate at pH < 5.0, although the adaptation of the strains produced an increase in the probability of germination at 5.0-5.5 pH levels and 6% NaCl concentration. At acidic pH values (5.0), the adapted strains germinated after 10 days of incubation, while those which were non-adapted required 15 days. At pH 5.75 and with 4% NaCl, germination of the adapted strains took place before 7 days, while several replicates of the non-adapted strains did not germinate after 42 days of storage. The model was validated in natural green olive brines with good results (>81.7% correct prediction cases). The information will be useful for the industry and administration to assess the safety risk in the formulation of new processing conditions in table olives and other fermented vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Valero
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (R.M.G.-G.); (F.P.-R.)
| | - Elena Olague
- Department of Food Technology, Public University of Navarra, Campus de Arrosadia, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain; (E.O.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Eduardo Medina-Pradas
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), University Campus Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. Utrera, km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (E.M.-P.); (A.G.-F.); (F.N.A.-L.)
| | - Antonio Garrido-Fernández
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), University Campus Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. Utrera, km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (E.M.-P.); (A.G.-F.); (F.N.A.-L.)
| | - Verónica Romero-Gil
- Technological Applications for Improvement of the Quality and Safety in Foods, R&D Division, Crta. Marbella 22. Guaro, 29108 Málaga, Spain;
| | - María Jesús Cantalejo
- Department of Food Technology, Public University of Navarra, Campus de Arrosadia, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain; (E.O.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Rosa María García-Gimeno
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (R.M.G.-G.); (F.P.-R.)
| | - Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (R.M.G.-G.); (F.P.-R.)
| | - Guiomar Denisse Posada-Izquierdo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (R.M.G.-G.); (F.P.-R.)
| | - Francisco Noé Arroyo-López
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), University Campus Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. Utrera, km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (E.M.-P.); (A.G.-F.); (F.N.A.-L.)
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Webb MD, Barker GC, Goodburn KE, Peck MW. Risk presented to minimally processed chilled foods by psychrotrophic Bacillus cereus. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019; 93:94-105. [PMID: 31764911 PMCID: PMC6853023 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spores of psychrotrophic Bacillus cereus may survive the mild heat treatments given to minimally processed chilled foods. Subsequent germination and cell multiplication during refrigerated storage may lead to bacterial concentrations that are hazardous to health. SCOPE AND APPROACH This review is concerned with the characterisation of factors that prevent psychrotrophic B. cereus reaching hazardous concentrations in minimally processed chilled foods and associated foodborne illness. A risk assessment framework is used to quantify the risk associated with B. cereus and minimally processed chilled foods. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Bacillus cereus is responsible for two types of food poisoning, diarrhoeal (an infection) and emetic (an intoxication); however, no reported outbreaks of food poisoning have been associated with B. cereus and correctly stored commercially-produced minimally processed chilled foods. In the UK alone, more than 1010 packs of these foods have been sold in recent years without reported illness, thus the risk presented is very low. Further quantification of the risk is merited, and this requires additional data. The lack of association between diarrhoeal food poisoning and correctly stored commercially-produced minimally processed chilled foods indicates that an infectious dose has not been reached. This may reflect low pathogenicity of psychrotrophic strains. The lack of reported association of psychrotrophic B. cereus with emetic illness and correctly stored commercially-produced minimally processed chilled foods indicates that a toxic dose of the emetic toxin has not been formed. Laboratory studies show that strains form very small quantities of emetic toxin at chilled temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin D. Webb
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Gary C. Barker
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Kaarin E. Goodburn
- Chilled Food Associates, c/o 3 Weekley Wood Close, Kettering, NN14 1UQ, UK
| | - Michael W. Peck
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
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11
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Wang H, Wang L, Tong L, Li Z. Effect of superheated steam inactivation on naturally existent microorganisms and enzymes of highland barley. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Qinghua East Road No. 17 Haidian District Beijing 100083 China
| | - Lili Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100193 China
| | - Litao Tong
- Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100193 China
| | - Zaigui Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Qinghua East Road No. 17 Haidian District Beijing 100083 China
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12
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Kuroda S, Okuda H, Ishida W, Koseki S. Modeling growth limits of Bacillus spp. spores by using deep-learning algorithm. Food Microbiol 2018; 78:38-45. [PMID: 30497606 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Growth/no growth boundary models for Bacillus spores that accounted for the effects of environmental pH, water activity (aw), acetic acid, lactic acid, bacterial strain, and storage period were developed using conventional logistic regression and machine learning algorithms. Growth in tryptic soy broth at 317 conditions comprising nine levels of pH (4.0-6.5), six levels of aw (0.85-1.00), six levels of acetic acid concentrations (0-0.8%), and five levels of lactic acid concentrations (0-0.8%) was examined to confirm growth limit conditions. All models developed using logistic regression, neural network, and deep learning on the basis of obtained datasets successfully described growth/no growth boundaries of three Bacillus species. Although the logistic regression model failed to describe growth limits under some conditions, neural network and deep learning approaches enabled to determine them in such cases. The developed models were evaluated by independent experimental data of growth in tryptic soy broth and in clam soup. The deep learning model enabled better prediction of independent data with smaller probabilistic variability values than those of the logistic regression and neural network models. The deep learning procedure can be utilized for growth boundary modeling to control bacterial growth safely and flexibly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Kuroda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Haruko Okuda
- Nisshin Seifun Group, Inc, Fujimino, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Shigenobu Koseki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
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13
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Samapundo S, Vroman A, Eeckhout M, Devlieghere F. Effect of heat treatment intensity on the survival, activation and subsequent outgrowth of Byssochlamys nivea ascospores. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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Soni A, Oey I, Silcock P, Bremer PJ. Impact of temperature, nutrients, pH and cold storage on the germination, growth and resistance of Bacillus cereus spores in egg white. Food Res Int 2018; 106:394-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Oliveira RB, Lopes LS, Baptista RC, Chincha AA, Portela JB, Nascimento JS, Costa LE, Cruz AG, Sant’Ana AS. Occurrence, populations, diversity, and growth potential of spore-forming bacteria in “requeijão cremoso”. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kakagianni M, Kalantzi K, Beletsiotis E, Ghikas D, Lianou A, Koutsoumanis KP. Development and validation of predictive models for the effect of storage temperature and pH on the growth boundaries and kinetics of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris ATCC 49025 in fruit drinks. Food Microbiol 2018; 74:40-49. [PMID: 29706336 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to provide quantitative tools for predicting the behavior of the spoilage bacterium Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris ATCC 49025 in fruit drinks. In the first part of the study, a growth/no growth interface model was developed, predicting the probability of growth as a function of temperature and pH. For this purpose, the growth ability of A. acidoterrestris was studied at different combinations of temperature (15-45 °C) and pH (2.02-5.05). The minimum pH and temperature where growth was observed was 2.52 (at 35 and 45 °C) and 25 °C (at pH ≥ 3.32), respectively. Then a logistic polynomial regression model was fitted to the binary data (0: no growth, 1: growth) and, based on the concordance index (98.8%) and the Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic (6.226, P = 0.622), a satisfactory goodness of fit was demonstrated. In the second part of the study, the effects of temperature (25-55 °C) and pH (3.03-5.53) on A. acidoterrestris growth rate were investigated and quantitatively described using the cardinal temperature model with inflection and the cardinal pH model, respectively. The estimated values for the cardinal parameters Tmin, Tmax, Topt and pHmin, pHmax, pHopt were 18.11, 55.68, 48.60 °C and 2.93, 5.90, 4.22, respectively. The developed models were validated against growth data of A. acidoterrestris obtained in eight commercial pasteurized fruit drinks. The validation results showed a good performance of both models. In all cases where the growth/no growth interface model predicted a probability lower than 0.5, A. acidoterrestris was, indeed, not able to grow in the tested fruit drinks; similarly, when the model predicted a probability above 0.9, growth was observed in all cases. A good agreement was also observed between growth predicted by the kinetic model and the observed kinetics of A. acidoterrestris in fruit drinks at both static and dynamic temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrsini Kakagianni
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Kelly Kalantzi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Quality Assurance Division, Delta Foods S.A., 23rd km National Road Athens-Lamia, 145 65 Agios Stefanos, Greece
| | - Evangelos Beletsiotis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Quality Assurance Division, Delta Foods S.A., 23rd km National Road Athens-Lamia, 145 65 Agios Stefanos, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Ghikas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Quality Assurance Division, Delta Foods S.A., 23rd km National Road Athens-Lamia, 145 65 Agios Stefanos, Greece
| | - Alexandra Lianou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Konstantinos P Koutsoumanis
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
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Characterization of four Paenibacillus species isolated from pasteurized, chilled ready-to-eat meals. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 252:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Kim YJ, Kim HS, Kim KY, Chon JW, Kim DH, Seo KH. High Occurrence Rate and Contamination Level of Bacillus cereus in Organic Vegetables on Sale in Retail Markets. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:656-660. [PMID: 27992273 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic foods have risen in popularity recently. However, the increased risk of bacterial contamination of organic foods has not been fully evaluated. In this study, 100 samples each of organic and conventional fresh vegetables (55 lettuce samples and 45 sprout samples) sold in South Korea were analyzed for aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus. Although the aerobic bacteria and coliform counts were not significantly different between the two farming types (p > 0.05), the occurrence rate of B. cereus was higher in organically cultivated vegetables compared with those grown conventionally (70% vs. 30%, respectively). The mean contamination level of B. cereus-positive organic samples was also significantly higher (1.86 log colony-forming unit [CFU]/g vs. 0.69 log CFU/g, respectively) (p < 0.05). In addition, six samples of organic vegetables were found to be contaminated with B. cereus at over 4 log CFU/g categorized as unsatisfactory according to Health Protection Agency guideline. The relatively higher occurrence rate of B. cereus in organic vegetables emphasizes the importance of implementing control measures in organic vegetable production and postharvest processing to reduce the risk of food poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ji Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong-Seok Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Yeop Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Whan Chon
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
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Processed cheese contamination by spore-forming bacteria: A review of sources, routes, fate during processing and control. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Soni A, Oey I, Silcock P, Bremer P. Bacillus
Spores in the Food Industry: A Review on Resistance and Response to Novel Inactivation Technologies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2016; 15:1139-1148. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aswathi Soni
- Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Otago; PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Indrawati Oey
- Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Otago; PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Pat Silcock
- Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Otago; PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Phil Bremer
- Dept. of Food Science; Univ. of Otago; PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
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21
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Transcriptome analysis of Bacillus thuringiensis spore life, germination and cell outgrowth in a vegetable-based food model. Food Microbiol 2016; 55:73-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Valdramidis V, Patterson M, Linton M. Modelling the recovery of Listeria monocytogenes in high pressure processed simulated cured meat. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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The combined effect of pasteurization intensity, water activity, pH and incubation temperature on the survival and outgrowth of spores of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus pumilus in artificial media and food products. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 181:10-8. [PMID: 24801270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the combined effects of pasteurization intensity (no heat treatment and 10 min at 70, 80 and 90 °C), water activity (aw) (0.960-0.990), pH (5.5-7.0) and storage temperature (7 and 10 °C) on the survival and outgrowth of psychrotolerant spores of Bacillus cereus FF119b and Bacillus pumilus FF128a. The experiments were performed in both artificial media and a validation was performed on real food products (cream, béchamel sauce and mixed vegetable soup). It was determined that in general, heat treatments of 10 min at 70 °C or 80 °C activated the spores of both B. cereus FF119b and B. pumilus FF128a, resulting in faster outgrowth compared to native (non-heat treated) spores. A pasteurization treatment of 10 min at 90 °C generally resulted in the longest lag periods before outgrowth of both isolates. Some of the spores were inactivated by this heat treatment, with more inactivation being observed the lower the pH value of the heating medium. Despite this, it was also observed that under some conditions the remaining (surviving) spores were actually activated as their outgrowth took place after a shorter period of time compared to native non-heated spores. While the response of B. cereus FF119b to the pasteurization intensity in cream and béchamel sauce was similar to the trends observed in the artificial media at 10 °C, in difference, outgrowth was only observed at 7 °C in both products when the spores had been heated for 10 min at 80 °C. Moreover, no inactivation was observed in cream or béchamel sauce when the spores were heated for 10 min at 90 °C in these two products. This was attributed to the protective effect of fat in the cream and the ingredients in the béchamel sauce. The study provides some insight into the potential microbial (stability and safety) consequences of the current trend towards milder heat treatments which is being pursued in the food industry.
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Development of a time-to-detect growth model for heat-treated Bacillus cereus spores. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 165:231-40. [PMID: 23796655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The microbiological safety and quality of Refrigerated Processed Foods of Extended Durability (REPFEDs) relies on a combination of mild heat treatment and refrigeration, sometimes in combination with other inhibitory agents that are ineffective when used alone. In this context, a predictive model describing the time-to-detect growth (measured by turbidimetry) of psychrotrophic Bacillus cereus spores submitted to various combinations of pH, water activity (aw), heat treatment and storage temperature was developed. As the inoculum was high, the time-to-detect growth was the sum of two times: for a large part of the spore lag time (time before germination and outgrowth) and to a lesser extent of the time to have subsequent vegetative cells growing up to a detectable level. A dataset of 434 combinations (of pH, aw, heat treatment, storage temperature and B. cereus strain), originally collected at Ghent University to build a growth/no-growth model for two Bacillus cereus strains, was re-interpreted as time-to-detect growth values. In the growth area (223 combinations) the time-to-detect growth was set as the longest time where none, or only one, of the 8 replicated wells showed growth. In the no-growth area (211 combinations) the time-to-detect growth was set as longer than the time where the experiment was stopped (60days or more) and analysed as a censored response. The factors of variation were heat-treatment intensity (85°C, 87°C and 90°C in a time range of 1 to 38min), storage temperature (8-30°C), pH (5.2-6.4) and aw (0.973-0.995). Two different strains were analysed. The model had a Gamma multiplicative structure; it was solved by Bayesian inference with informative prior distributions. To be implemented in a decision tool, for instance to calculate the process and formulation conditions required to achieve a given detection time, each Gamma term had some constraints: they had to be monotonous, continuous and algebraically simple mathematical functions (i.e. having analytical solution). Overall, the cumulative effect of various stressful conditions (pasteurisation process, low temperature, and low pH) enables to extend the time-to-detect growth up to 60days or more, whereas the heat-treatment on its own did not have a similar effect. For example, with the most heat resistant strain (strain 1, FF140), for a product at aw0.99, stored at 10°C, heat-treated at 90°C for 10min, a time-to-detect growth of 2days was expected when the pH equalled 6.5. Under the same conditions, if the pH was reduced to 5.8, the time-to-detect growth was predicted to be 11days (and 33days at pH5.5). After a pasteurisation at 90°C for 10min, for a product kept at 10°C, combinations of pH and aw such as pH6.0-aw0.97, pH5.7-aw0.98 or pH5.5-aw0.99 were predicted to extend the time-to-detect growth up to 30days. The developed model is a useful tool for REPFED producers to guarantee the safety of their products towards psychrotrophic B. cereus.
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