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Ntakiyisumba E, Tanveer M, Won G. Integrating meta-analysis with a quantitative microbial risk assessment model to investigate Campylobacter contamination of broiler carcasses. Food Res Int 2024; 178:113983. [PMID: 38309921 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.113983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence and associated risk factors of Campylobacter in South Korean broilers using a random-effects meta-analysis. Subsequently, to facilitate the design of preventive measures, the prevalence estimate from the meta-analysis was incorporated into a stochastic risk assessment model to quantify the Campylobacter contamination levels on broiler carcasses. The baseline model was developed based on the most common practices along the South Korean broiler processing line, with no interventions. Meta-analysis results revealed Campylobacter prevalence across the chicken supply chain in the following order: farms (60.6 % [57.3-63.4]), retail markets (43.90 % [24.81-64.99]), slaughterhouses (27.71 % [18.56-39.21]), and processing plants (14.50 % [3.96-41.09]). The model estimated a 52 % (36.1-70.8) Campylobacter prevalence at the end of chilling, with an average contamination level of 4.62 (2.50-6.74) log CFU/carcass. Sensitivity analysis indicated that Campylobacter fecal shedding (r = 0.95) and the amount of feces on bird exteriors (r = 0.17) at pre-harvest were the main factors for carcass contamination, while soft scalding (r = -0.22) and air chilling (r = -0.12) can serve as critical control points (CCPs) at harvest. Scenario analysis indicated that a combination of hard scalding, inside-outside bird washing, spray washing, and chlorinated water immersion chilling can offer a 30.9 % reduction in prevalence and a reduction of 2.23 log CFU/carcass in contamination levels compared to the baseline model. Apart from disinfection and sanitation interventions carried out during meat processing, the implementation of robust control measures is indispensable to mitigate Campylobacter prevalence and concentration at broiler farms, thereby enhancing meat safety and public health. Furthermore, given the high Campylobacter prevalence in the retail markets, future studies should explore the potential risk of cross-contamination at post-harvest stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eurade Ntakiyisumba
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Gobong-ro 79 Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Maryum Tanveer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Gobong-ro 79 Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayeon Won
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Gobong-ro 79 Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Nolte T, Spieß F, Jacobs AK, Kemper N, Visscher C. Process Hygiene Criterion for Campylobacter and Number of Campylobacter Enteritis Cases in Northwest Germany. Foods 2024; 13:281. [PMID: 38254584 PMCID: PMC10815233 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported bacterial foodborne disease in the European Union. Its transmission is often associated with the consumption of poultry meat. In 2018, Regulation (EC) No. 2017/1495 introduced a process hygiene criterion and with this, the testing requirements for Campylobacter. The results of microbiological testing for Campylobacter of chicken carcass neck skin samples from several slaughter lines in Northwest Germany collected by the food business operators and contamination levels (cfu/g Campylobacter) of these samples were analysed from 2018 to 2021. Classification into three different categories was made based on contamination levels. The proportion of highly contaminated (category three) neck samples (>1000 cfu/g) decreased from 2018 to 2021. Our analysis showed a relationship between the number of neck samples with high Campylobacter contamination levels (>1000 cfu/g) and human cases in Northwest Germany. Spearman's rank test (p < 0.01) showed a higher correlation in 2018 (0.66) and 2019 (0.58) compared to 2020 and 2021. Campylobacter enteritis cases in Northwest Germany stayed at a low level in 2020 and 2021. It remains unclear whether the decrease in reported Campylobacter enteritis cases is related to a decrease in Campylobacter levels on chicken carcasses or due to other reasons like underreporting during the COVID-19 pandemic, and therefore must be investigated in further analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Nolte
- Science and Innovation for Sustainable Poultry Production (WING), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-49377 Vechta, Germany; (A.-K.J.); (N.K.); (C.V.)
| | - Fabian Spieß
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-30173 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Anne-Katrin Jacobs
- Science and Innovation for Sustainable Poultry Production (WING), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-49377 Vechta, Germany; (A.-K.J.); (N.K.); (C.V.)
| | - Nicole Kemper
- Science and Innovation for Sustainable Poultry Production (WING), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-49377 Vechta, Germany; (A.-K.J.); (N.K.); (C.V.)
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Visscher
- Science and Innovation for Sustainable Poultry Production (WING), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-49377 Vechta, Germany; (A.-K.J.); (N.K.); (C.V.)
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-30173 Hannover, Germany;
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3
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Lassen B, Takeuchi-Storm N, Henri C, Hald T, Sandberg M, Ellis-Iversen J. Analysis of reservoir sources of Campylobacter isolates to free-range broilers in Denmark. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103025. [PMID: 37672837 PMCID: PMC10485630 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a common cause of food poisoning in many countries, with broilers being the main source. Organic and free-range broilers are more frequently Campylobacter-positive than conventionally raised broilers and may constitute a higher risk for human infections. Organic and free-range broilers may get exposed to Campylobacter from environmental reservoirs and livestock farms, but the relative importance of these sources is unknown. The aim of the study was to describe similarities and differences between the genetic diversity of the Campylobacter isolates collected from free-range/organic broilers with those isolated from conventional broilers and other animal hosts (cattle, pigs, and dogs) in Denmark to make inferences about the reservoir sources of Campylobacter to free-range broilers. The applied aggregated surveillance data consisted of sequenced Campylobacter isolates sampled in 2015 to 2017 and 2018 to 2021. The data included 1,102 isolates from free-range (n = 209), conventional broilers (n = 577), cattle (n = 261), pigs (n = 30), and dogs (n = 25). The isolates were cultivated from either fecal material (n = 434), food matrices (n = 569), or of nondisclosed origin (n = 99). Campylobacter jejuni (94.5%) dominated and subtyping analysis found 170 different sequence types (STs) grouped into 75 clonal complexes (CCs). The results suggest that CC-21 and CC-45 are the most frequent CCs found in broilers. The relationship between the CCs in the investigated sources showed that the different CCs were shared by most of the animals, but not pigs. The ST-profiles of free-range broilers were most similar to that of conventional broilers, dogs and cattle, in that order. The similarity was stronger between conventional broilers and cattle than between conventional and free-range broilers. The results suggest that cattle may be a plausible reservoir of C. jejuni for conventional and free-range broilers, and that conventional broilers are a possible source for free-range broilers or reflect a dominance of isolates adapted to the same host environment. Aggregated data provided valuable insight into the epidemiology of Campylobacter sources for free-range broilers, but time-limited sampling of isolates from different sources within a targeted area would hold a higher predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lassen
- Research Group for Foodborne Pathogens and Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Nao Takeuchi-Storm
- Research Group for Food Microbiology and Hygiene, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Clémentine Henri
- Research Group for Foodborne Pathogens and Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tine Hald
- Research Group for Foodborne Pathogens and Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marianne Sandberg
- Research Group for Foodborne Pathogens and Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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4
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Mak PHW, Rehman MA, Kiarie EG, Topp E, Diarra MS. Production systems and important antimicrobial resistant-pathogenic bacteria in poultry: a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:148. [PMID: 36514172 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Economic losses and market constraints caused by bacterial diseases such as colibacillosis due to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli and necrotic enteritis due to Clostridium perfringens remain major problems for poultry producers, despite substantial efforts in prevention and control. Antibiotics have been used not only for the treatment and prevention of such diseases, but also for growth promotion. Consequently, these practices have been linked to the selection and spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria which constitute a significant global threat to humans, animals, and the environment. To break down the antimicrobial resistance (AMR), poultry producers are restricting the antimicrobial use (AMU) while adopting the antibiotic-free (ABF) and organic production practices to satisfy consumers' demands. However, it is not well understood how ABF and organic poultry production practices influence AMR profiles in the poultry gut microbiome. Various Gram-negative (Salmonella enterica serovars, Campylobacter jejuni/coli, E. coli) and Gram-positive (Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and C. perfringens) bacteria harboring multiple AMR determinants have been reported in poultry including organically- and ABF-raised chickens. In this review, we discussed major poultry production systems (conventional, ABF and organic) and their impacts on AMR in some potential pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria which could allow identifying issues and opportunities to develop efficient and safe production practices in controlling pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip H W Mak
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON, Canada.,Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Attiq Rehman
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Elijah G Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Edward Topp
- London Research and Development Center, AAFC, London, ON, Canada
| | - Moussa S Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON, Canada.
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5
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Differences in Genotype and Antimicrobial Resistance between Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Organic and Conventionally Produced Chickens in Sweden. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121630. [PMID: 34959585 PMCID: PMC8705472 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major challenge worldwide and increased resistance to quinolones in Campylobacter is being reported. Analysis of antibiotic resistance was performed on 157 Campylobacter strains (123 C. jejuni and 34 C. coli) from conventional and organic chickens produced in Sweden. Susceptibility for tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, and gentamycin was determined by microdilution. All 77 isolates from organic chickens were sensitive to all antibiotics, except two C. jejuni that were resistant to tetracycline. Of the 80 isolates from conventional chickens, 22.5% of C. jejuni and 11.1% of C. coli were resistant to quinolones and 5.6% of C. jejuni were resistant to tetracycline. Whole-genome sequencing resulted in 50 different sequence types of C. jejuni and six of C. coli. Nine sequence types were found in both organic and conventional chickens. Two of these (ST-19 and ST-257) included isolates from conventional broilers with different resistance phenotypes to the remaining isolates from conventional and organic broilers. There are management differences between the production systems, such as feed, breed, use of coccidiostats, and access to outdoor area. It is unlikely that quinolone resistance has arisen due to use of antimicrobials, since fluoroquinolones are not permitted in Swedish broiler production.
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6
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Islam MR, Martinez-Soto CE, Lin JT, Khursigara CM, Barbut S, Anany H. A systematic review from basics to omics on bacteriophage applications in poultry production and processing. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-33. [PMID: 34609270 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1984200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The growing human population is currently facing an unprecedented challenge on global food production and sustainability. Despite recognizing poultry as one of the most successful and rapidly growing food industries to address this challenge; poultry health and safety remain major issues that entail immediate attention. Bacterial diseases including colibacillosis, salmonellosis, and necrotic enteritis have become increasingly prevalent during poultry production. Likewise, outbreaks caused by consumption of undercooked poultry products contaminated with zoonotic bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella, Campylobacter and Listeria, are a serious public health concern. With antimicrobial resistance problem and restricted use of antibiotics in food producing animals, bacteriophages are increasingly recognized as an attractive natural antibacterial alternative. Bacteriophages have recently shown promising results to treat diseases in poultry, reduce contamination of carcasses, and enhance the safety of poultry products. Omics technologies have been successfully employed to accurately characterize bacteriophages and their genes/proteins important for interaction with bacterial hosts. In this review, the potential of using lytic bacteriophages to mitigate the risk of major poultry-associated bacterial pathogens are explored. This study also explores challenges associated with the adoption of this technology by industries. Furthermore, the impact of omics approaches on studying bacteriophages, their host interaction and applications is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashedul Islam
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlos E Martinez-Soto
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet T Lin
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cezar M Khursigara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shai Barbut
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hany Anany
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Henke KA, Alter T, Doherr MG, Merle R. From Stable to Table: Determination of German Consumer Perceptions of the Role of Multiple Aspects of Poultry Production on Meat Quality and Safety. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1400-1410. [PMID: 33793777 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Contamination with potentially pathogenic microorganisms may occur at all stages of the food chain. We conducted a representative cross-sectional survey of 1,008 consumers aged 16 years and older in Germany via an online panel. The aim was to assess the perception of consumers regarding the influence of aspects of meat production on the safety and quality of meat. More than 70% of the participants indicated that poultry fattening farms had a high or very high influence on meat safety, followed by cooks or meat preparers (66.3%). Meat consumption was significantly associated with a high perception of the influence of cooks or meat preparers (P = 0.025). The oldest participants were almost three times as likely to vote high influence and six times as likely to select very high influence (instead of no or limited) as the youngest participants (high influence: odds ratio [OR] = 2.89, P = 0.016; very high influence: OR = 6.06, P < 0.001). Of all participants, 78.1% believed organic farming had a positive influence on the safety of meat compared with conventional farming. Participants older than 60 years voted significantly more frequently than youngest participants (16 to 19 years) that organic farming had no influence (P = 0.006, OR = 5.71) or a positive influence (P = 0.007, OR 3.93) on meat safety. In addition, it could be shown that most consumers believed that irradiation of meat had a negative influence on the safety of meat. In conclusion, consumers were aware that many aspects were important for food safety and quality. The influence of organic farming compared with conventional farming, as well as the influence of irradiation, was often incorrectly assessed by consumers. Consumers seemed to need more information on sensitive issues, such as the different types of farming or the effects of irradiation, to better assess the impact of these aspects on the safety and quality of meat. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline A Henke
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Alter
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 69, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus G Doherr
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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8
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Golden CE, Rothrock MJ, Mishra A. Mapping foodborne pathogen contamination throughout the conventional and alternative poultry supply chains. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101157. [PMID: 34089937 PMCID: PMC8182426 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a consumer push for natural and organic food products. This has caused alternative poultry production, such as organic, pasture, and free-range systems, to grow in popularity. Due to the stricter rearing practices of alternative poultry production systems, different types of levels of microbiological risks might be present for these systems when compared to conventional production systems. Both conventional and alternative production systems have complex supply chains that present many different opportunities for flocks of birds or poultry meat to be contaminated with foodborne pathogens. As such, it is important to understand the risks involved during each step of production. The purpose of this review is to detail the potential routes of foodborne pathogen transmission throughout the conventional and alternative supply chains, with a special emphasis on the differences in risk between the two management systems, and to identify gaps in knowledge that could assist, if addressed, in poultry risk-based decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase E Golden
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar St., Athens, GA, USA
| | - Michael J Rothrock
- Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Abhinav Mishra
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar St., Athens, GA, USA.
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9
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Microbiological Safety of Food of Animal Origin from Organic Farms. J Vet Res 2021; 65:87-92. [PMID: 33817400 PMCID: PMC8009579 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2021-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The organic food sector and consumer interest in organic products are growing continuously. The safety and quality of such products must be at least equal to those of conventional equivalents, but attaining the same standards requires overcoming a particular problem identified in organic food production systems: the occurrence of bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella, Campylobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and pathogenic Escherichia coli. These food-borne microorganisms were detected in the production environments of such food. The prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in organic livestock and products may be higher, but may also be the same as or lower than in like material from conventional farms. Furthermore, the incidence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria was more often detected in conventional than in organic production. The aim of this review was to present the recent information on the microbiological safety of food of animal origin produced from raw materials from organic farms.
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10
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Dias TS, Nascimento RJ, Machado LS, Abreu DLC, do Nascimento ER, Pereira VLA, de Aquino MHC. Comparison of antimicrobial resistance in thermophilic Campylobacter strains isolated from conventional production and backyard poultry flocks. Br Poult Sci 2020; 62:188-192. [PMID: 33026245 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1833302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim of this study was to compare the resistance pattern of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. isolated from conventional production (n = 34) and backyard poultry flocks (n = 36) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The disc diffusion method and statistical tests were used for investigation and analysis of the resistance pattern of Campylobacter spp. isolated from different rearing systems.2. Antimicrobial resistance percentages to amoxycillin with clavulanic acid (AMC), ampicillin (AMP), ceftiofur (CTF), ciprofloxacin (CIP), enrofloxacin (ENO), erythromycin (ERI), gentamicin (GEN) and tetracycline (TET) were 32.4%, 44.1%, 67.6%, 97.1%, 82.4%, 26.5%, 5.9% and 38.2% in conventional production flocks respectively, while the backyard flock's resistance levels were 0.0%, 13.9%, 69.4%, 100.0%, 91.7%, 5.6%, 0.0% and 16.7%, respectively.3. Campylobacter spp. from conventional poultry production was more resistant to AMC, AMO, ERI and TET (P > 0.05) when compared to strains from backyard poultry. A higher frequency of resistance to fluoroquinolones (FLQ), CIP and ENO, was observed in strains from both systems, demonstrating the spread of resistant strains among poultry production environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Dias
- Post-graduation Program in Veterinary Medicine (Veterinary Hygiene and Processing Technology of Animal Products), Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil
| | - R J Nascimento
- Post-graduation Program in Veterinary Medicine (Veterinary Hygiene and Processing Technology of Animal Products), Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil
| | - L S Machado
- Post-graduation Program in Veterinary Medicine (Veterinary Hygiene and Processing Technology of Animal Products), Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil
| | - D L C Abreu
- Post-graduation Program in Veterinary Medicine (Veterinary Hygiene and Processing Technology of Animal Products), Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil.,Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil
| | - E R do Nascimento
- Post-graduation Program in Veterinary Medicine (Veterinary Hygiene and Processing Technology of Animal Products), Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil.,Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil
| | - V L A Pereira
- Post-graduation Program in Veterinary Medicine (Veterinary Hygiene and Processing Technology of Animal Products), Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil.,Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil
| | - M H C de Aquino
- Post-graduation Program in Veterinary Medicine (Veterinary Hygiene and Processing Technology of Animal Products), Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil.,Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil
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11
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Mohammadigheisar M, Shouldice VL, Sands JS, Lepp D, Diarra MS, Kiarie EG. Growth performance, breast yield, gastrointestinal ecology and plasma biochemical profile in broiler chickens fed multiple doses of a blend of red, brown and green seaweeds. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:590-598. [PMID: 32508147 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1774512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
1. A total of 864 d old (male) Ross × Ross 708 broiler chicks were allocated to 48 floor pens (12 pens/treatment and 18 birds/pen) to investigate dose-response of a blend of seaweeds (SB) on growth performance, breast yield, jejunal histomorphology, microbial metabolites and community and plasma biochemical profile. 2. A maize-soybean meal diet was formulated with 0, 5, 10 or 20 g/kg of SB. Diets were formulated for a three-phase feeding programme (starter: d 0-10, grower: d 11-24, and finisher: d 25-42) and met or exceeded Aviagen nutrient specifications. Diets were allocated to pens (n = 12) balanced for body weight (BW). Birds had free access to feed and water, BW and feed intake (FI) were monitored by phase. One bird per pen was randomly selected on d 42, bled for plasma, and samples for intestinal tissue and caecal digesta were taken. Microbial DNA was extracted and submitted for microbial community profile using the Illumina Miseq® platform. 3. In the starter phase, SB linearly (P ≤ 0.01) improved BW, body weight gain (BWG), and FCR. However, the improvement was quadratic, such that there was no further improvement beyond 5 g/kg SB inclusion. Growth performance response to SB in the grower phase was similar to the starter phase, with the exception of FCR (P > 0.05). Overall, from d 0-42, a linear and quadratic (P < 0.01) response was observed for final BW (d 42), whereby birds fed 5, 10 and 20 g/kg SB were heavier than control by 166, 183 and 180 g, respectively. A quadratic (P = 0.03) effect was observed for breast yield in response to SB. There was a quadratic reduction (P < 0.05) in gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and a linear increase in glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in response to SB. Supplemental SB linearly reduced (P ≤ 0.04) the relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, and increased the abundance of phylum Firmicutes (linearly; P = 0.02) and Actinobacteria (quadratically; P = 0.03). 4. The data indicated that the optimal inclusion for SB was between 5 and 10 g/kg for improved growth performance and breast yield. However, increased abundance of Firmicutes and actinobacteria in the caecal digesta suggested that the higher doses enhanced prebiotic effects of seaweed components.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mohammadigheisar
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - V L Shouldice
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J S Sands
- Ocean Harvest Technology, Technical Services , Milltown, Ireland
| | - D Lepp
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - M S Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - E G Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON, Canada
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12
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Golden CE, Mishra A. Prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. in Alternative and Conventionally Produced Chicken in the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1181-1197. [PMID: 32294168 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-19-538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The burden of foodborne illness linked to the consumption of contaminated broiler meat is high in the United States. With the increase in popularity of alternative poultry rearing and production systems, it is important to identify the differences in food safety risks presented by alternative systems compared with conventional methods. Although many studies have been conducted that surveyed foodborne pathogen prevalence along the broiler supply chain, a systematic overview of all of the results is lacking. In the current study, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to quantify the differences in prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. in farm environment, rehang, prechill, postchill, and retail samples between conventional and alternative production systems. A systematic search of Web of Science and PubMed databases was conducted to identify eligible studies. Studies were then evaluated by inclusion criteria, and the included studies were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. In total, 137 trials from 72 studies were used in the final meta-analysis. Meta-analysis models were individually constructed for subgroups that were determined by sample type, pathogen, and production type. All subgroups possessed high amounts of heterogeneity (I2 > 75%). For environmental sample subgroups, Campylobacter prevalence was estimated to be 15.8 and 52.8% for conventional and alternative samples, respectively. Similar prevalence estimates for both production types were observed for Salmonella environmental samples and all retail samples. For conventional samples, Campylobacter and Salmonella prevalence was highest in prechill samples followed by rehang and postchill samples, respectively. The results herein will be useful in future quantitative microbial risk assessments for characterizing the differences in foodborne illness risks presented by different broiler production systems. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase E Golden
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9214-0745 [A.M.])
| | - Abhinav Mishra
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9214-0745 [A.M.])
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13
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Valečková E, Ivarsson E, Ellström P, Wang H, Mogodiniyai Kasmaei K, Wall H. Silage and haylage as forage in slow and fast-growing broilers - effects on performance in Campylobacter jejuni infected birds. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:433-441. [PMID: 32149527 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1736515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
1. This study investigated the effects of daily intake of silage or haylage on broiler production performance and organ development. Furthermore, effects of daily intake of Lactobacillus plantarum either via silage or by supplemented drinking water, on Campylobacter jejuni loads in faeces were studied. 2. To test this, a 42-d experiment using Ross 308 and a 63-d experiment with Rowan Rangers hybrids, were performed. Silage inoculated with L. plantarum strain 256 and haylage were fed in total mixed rations with mixtures of 85% of pellets and 15% of respective forage (DM-based weight). Feed intake (FI), forage intake, body weight (BW) and feed conversion ration (FCR) were monitored weekly. Mortality was recorded daily, and organ weights were registered at slaughter. Quantification of C. jejuni was performed by colony counts from faecal samples after culture on agar plates. 3. There was a negative effect of haylage on BW and FI in the fast-growing Ross 308 hybrid. Silage had a negative effect on BW only on week four and six. Water inoculated with L. plantarum 256 increased BW in the starter period. Interestingly, no significant adverse effect of forage inclusion was observed in the Rowan Ranger birds. 4. Relative weight of the emptied gizzard was higher in both Ross 308 and Rowan Ranger birds fed haylage and silage than in the control group. In Ross 308 birds, both forages significantly reased the relative weight of gizzard with digestive content when compared to birds fed solely pellets. 5. In both studies, higher consumption of silage than haylage was observed. 6. In conclusion, daily intake of L. plantarum 256 either via silage or supplemented in drinking water, was not effective in reducing the shedding of C. jejuni in either Ross 308 or Rowan Ranger hybrids at the end of the rearing period.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Valečková
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Uppsala , Sweden
| | - E Ivarsson
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Uppsala , Sweden
| | - P Ellström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Infection Biology, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Wang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Infection Biology, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Mogodiniyai Kasmaei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Uppsala , Sweden
| | - H Wall
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Uppsala , Sweden
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14
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Sevilla-Navarro S, Marin C, Cortés V, García C, Catalá-Gregori P. Campylobacter prevalence and risk factors associated with exceeding allowable limits in poultry slaughterhouses in Spain. Vet Rec 2020; 186:415. [PMID: 31980451 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter is the main pathogen involved in zoonotic gastrointestinal diseases. In 2018, European Regulation 2017/1495 on Campylobacter in broiler carcases came into force. In this context, the aim of the study was to assess the potential risk factors associated with exceeding the 1000 cfu/g (colony-forming units per gram) limit set by the EC in several slaughterhouses in Spain. METHODS Data relating to 12 factors were collected using questionnaires. Samples were collected from 12 Spanish abattoirs in June, July and August 2017 (n=1725) and were analysed following the ISO 10272-2:2006 method. RESULTS The proportion of Campylobacter-positive samples was 23.7 per cent (n=409). Analysis of flock age (41-50 days) revealed a significantly increased odds ratio (OR) in Campylobacter enumeration (OR=7.41). Moreover, scalding temperature (51.9°C-54°C) was positively associated with an increase in OR (OR=2.75). Time in transit to slaughter for 1-1.5 hours showed a significant decrease in OR (OR=0.25), while time in transit for more than two hours showed an increase in OR (OR=4.44). With regard to carcase weight, a weight of 3.21-3.58 kg showed a decrease in OR (OR=0.01). CONCLUSION The outcomes of this study suggest that although most chickens are contaminated by the bacterium, the prevalence of those exceeding the 1000 cfu/g limit is not so high as thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sevilla-Navarro
- Centro de Calidad Avícola y Alimentación Animal de la Comunidad Valenciana (CECAV), Calle Nules 16, 12539, Castellón, Spain .,Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113, Moncada, Spain.,Instituto de Ciencia de Tecnología Animal, Universidad Politècnica de Valencia, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Marin
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113, Moncada, Spain
| | - Verónica Cortés
- Centro de Calidad Avícola y Alimentación Animal de la Comunidad Valenciana (CECAV), Calle Nules 16, 12539, Castellón, Spain
| | - Cristina García
- Centro de Calidad Avícola y Alimentación Animal de la Comunidad Valenciana (CECAV), Calle Nules 16, 12539, Castellón, Spain
| | - Pablo Catalá-Gregori
- Centro de Calidad Avícola y Alimentación Animal de la Comunidad Valenciana (CECAV), Calle Nules 16, 12539, Castellón, Spain.,Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113, Moncada, Spain
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15
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Kim SA, Jang MJ, Kim SY, Yang Y, Pavlidis HO, Ricke SC. Potential for Prebiotics as Feed Additives to Limit Foodborne Campylobacter Establishment in the Poultry Gastrointestinal Tract. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:91. [PMID: 30804900 PMCID: PMC6371025 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter as an inhabitant of the poultry gastrointestinal tract has proven to be difficult to reduce with most feed additives. In-feed antibiotics have been taken out of poultry diets due to the negative reactions of consumers along with concerns regarding the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Consequently, interest in alternative feed supplements to antibiotics has grown. One of these alternatives, prebiotics, has been examined as a potential animal and poultry feed additive. Prebiotics are non-digestible ingredients by host enzymes that enhance growth of indigenous gastrointestinal bacteria that elicit metabolic characteristics considered beneficial to the host and depending on the type of metabolite, antagonistic to establishment of pathogens. There are several carbohydrate polymers that qualify as prebiotics and have been fed to poultry. These include mannan-oligosaccharides and fructooligosaccharides as the most common ones marketed commercially that have been used as feed supplements in poultry. More recently, several other non-digestible oligosaccharides have also been identified as possessing prebiotic properties when implemented as feed supplements. While there is evidence that prebiotics may be effective in poultry and limit establishment of foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella in the gastrointestinal tract, less is known about their impact on Campylobacter. This review will focus on the potential of prebiotics to limit establishment of Campylobacter in the poultry gastrointestinal tract and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Ji Jang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seo Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yichao Yang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | - Steven C Ricke
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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16
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Casagrande Proietti P, Pergola S, Bellucci S, Menchetti L, Miraglia D, Franciosini M. Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. on fresh and refrigerated chicken meat products in Central Italy. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2895-2901. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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17
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Wang H, Wang L, Hu Q, Wang R, Li Y, Kidd M. Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Campylobacter jejuni in Poultry Products Using a Nanoparticle-Based Piezoelectric Immunosensor Integrated with Magnetic Immunoseparation. J Food Prot 2018; 81:1321-1330. [PMID: 30019963 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading causes of foodborne human gastrointestinal diseases. Poultry and poultry products have been identified as the major transmission routes to humans for this pathogenic bacterium. The objective of this research was to develop a rapid and sensitive immunosensor for detection of C. jejuni in poultry products on the basis of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) using magnetic nanobeads (MNBs) for separation of target pathogen and gold nanoparticles for amplification of the measurement. A QCM sensor in a flow cell was prepared by immobilizing the mouse anti- C. jejuni monoclonal antibody (mAb1) on the sensor surface to specifically capture C. jejuni. Rabbit anti- C. jejuni polyclonal antibody (pAb1) was conjugated with MNBs to capture and separate C. jejuni from food matrices. MNB-pAb1- C. jejuni complexes were injected into the flow cell to bind with the mAb1 immobilized on the QCM sensor surface. Goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G polyclonal antibody conjugated with gold nanoparticles was injected into the flow cell to bind with pAb1 on MNBs. Finally, resonant frequency was measured with a QCM analyzer, and the change in resonant frequency was correlated to the cell number of C. jejuni. The specificity of this immunosensor was confirmed with different strains of Campylobacter, Salmonella, and other foodborne pathogens commonly colonized in the broiler gastrointestinal tract. Samples of broiler carcass wash and ground turkey were spiked with C. jejuni at different concentrations for use in tests. Results showed that the QCM immunosensor could rapidly detect C. jejuni in poultry products, with a detection limit of 20 to 30 CFU/mL without preenrichment, and a total detection time of less than 30 min. Characteristics of C. jejuni captured by the antibody immobilized on the surface of the QCM sensor were visualized by using atomic force microscopy. This highly adaptive and flexible method could provide the poultry industry a more rapid, sensitive, and effective method for detection of major foodborne pathogens in poultry products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- 1 Center of Excellence for Poultry Science and
| | - Lijun Wang
- 2 Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.,3 State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Qinqin Hu
- 2 Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.,4 College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghui Wang
- 2 Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Yanbin Li
- 1 Center of Excellence for Poultry Science and.,2 Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.,4 College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
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18
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Hulankova R, Borilova G, Abdullah FAA, Buchtova H. Microbiological quality of organic chicken meat during refrigerated storage in air and modified atmospheres. Br Poult Sci 2018; 59:506-513. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1496399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Hulankova
- Department of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - G. Borilova
- Department of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - F. A. A. Abdullah
- Department of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - H. Buchtova
- Department of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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19
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van Asselt M, Poortvliet PM, Ekkel ED, Kemp B, Stassen EN. Risk perceptions of public health and food safety hazards in poultry husbandry by citizens, poultry farmers and poultry veterinarians. Poult Sci 2018; 97:607-619. [PMID: 29161444 PMCID: PMC5850310 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Differences in risk perceptions of public health and food safety hazards in various poultry husbandry systems by various stakeholder groups, may affect the acceptability of those husbandry systems. Therefore, the objective was to gain insight into risk perceptions of citizens, poultry farmers, and poultry veterinarians regarding food safety and public health hazards in poultry husbandry systems, and into factors explaining these risk perceptions. We surveyed risk perceptions of Campylobacter contamination of broiler meat, avian influenza introduction in laying hens, and altered dioxin levels in eggs for the most commonly used broiler and laying hen husbandry systems in Dutch citizens (n = 2,259), poultry farmers (n = 100), and poultry veterinarians (n = 41). Citizens perceived the risks of the three hazards in the indoor systems higher and in the outdoor systems lower than did the professionals. Citizens reported higher concerns regarding aspects reflecting underlying psychological factors of risk perception compared to professionals. Professionals indicated a relatively low level of personal control, which might imply risk denial. Of the socio-demographic characteristics, gender and childhood residence were associated with risk perceptions. The influence of other factors of risks perception are discussed. It is suggested that risk perceptions of all stakeholder groups are influenced by affect, stigma, and underlying values. To adapt current or new husbandry systems that can count on societal support, views of key stakeholders and multiple aspects such as animal welfare, public health, food safety, and underlying values should be considered integrally. When trade-offs, such as between animal welfare and public health have to be made, insight into underlying values might help to find consensus among stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van Asselt
- Aeres University of Applied Sciences Dronten, De Drieslag 4, 8251 JZ Dronten, the Netherlands.,Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - P M Poortvliet
- Strategic Communication group, Sub department Communication, Philosophy, and Technology: Centre for Integrative Development, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 8130, 6700 EW Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - E D Ekkel
- Aeres University of Applied Sciences Almere, Stadhuisplein 40, 1315 XA Almere, the Netherlands
| | - B Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - E N Stassen
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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20
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Reich F, Valero A, Schill F, Bungenstock L, Klein G. Characterisation of Campylobacter contamination in broilers and assessment of microbiological criteria for the pathogen in broiler slaughterhouses. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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21
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Advances of organic products over conventional productions with respect to nutritional quality and food security. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chnaes.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Duqué B, Daviaud S, Guillou S, Haddad N, Membré JM. Quantification of Campylobacter jejuni contamination on chicken carcasses in France. Food Res Int 2017; 106:1077-1085. [PMID: 29579901 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Highly prevalent in poultry, Campylobacter is a foodborne pathogen which remains the primary cause of enteritis in humans. Several studies have determined prevalence and contamination level of this pathogen throughout the food chain. However it is generally performed in a deterministic way without considering heterogeneity of contamination level. The purpose of this study was to quantify, using probabilistic tools, the contamination level of Campylobacter spp. on chicken carcasses after air-chilling step in several slaughterhouses in France. From a dataset (530 data) containing censored data (concentration <10CFU/g), several factors were considered, including the month of sampling, the farming method (standard vs certified) and the sampling area (neck vs leg). All probabilistic analyses were performed in R using fitdistrplus, mc2d and nada packages. The uncertainty (i.e. error) generated by the presence of censored data was small (ca 1 log10) in comparison to the variability (i.e. heterogeneity) of contamination level (3 log10 or more), strengthening the probabilistic analysis and facilitating result interpretation. The sampling period and sampling area (neck/leg) had a significant effect on Campylobacter contamination level. More precisely, two "seasons" were distinguished: one from January to May, another one from June to December. During the June-to-December season, the mean Campylobacter concentration was estimated to 2.6 [2.4; 2.8] log10 (CFU/g) and 1.8 [1.5; 2.0] log10 (CFU/g) for neck and leg, respectively. The probability of having >1000CFU/g (higher limit of European microbial criterion) was estimated to 35.3% and 12.6%, for neck and leg, respectively. In contrast, during January-to-May season, the mean contamination level was estimated to 1.0 [0.6; 1.3] log10 (CFU/g) and 0.6 [0.3; 0.9] log10 (CFU/g) for neck and leg, respectively. The probability of having >1000CFU/g was estimated to 13.5% and 2.0% for neck and leg, respectively. An accurate quantification of contamination level enables industrials to better adapt their processing and hygiene practices. These results will also help in refining exposure assessment models.
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23
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Coadministration of the Campylobacter jejuni N-Glycan-Based Vaccine with Probiotics Improves Vaccine Performance in Broiler Chickens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.01523-17. [PMID: 28939610 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01523-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Source attribution studies report that the consumption of contaminated poultry is the primary source for acquiring human campylobacteriosis. Oral administration of an engineered Escherichia coli strain expressing the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan reduces bacterial colonization in specific-pathogen-free leghorn chickens, but only a fraction of birds respond to vaccination. Optimization of the vaccine for commercial broiler chickens has great potential to prevent the entry of the pathogen into the food chain. Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. Gut microbiota analysis of leghorn and broiler vaccine responders identified one member of Clostridiales cluster XIVa, Anaerosporobacter mobilis, that was significantly more abundant in responder birds. In broiler chickens, coadministration of the live vaccine with A. mobilis or Lactobacillus reuteri, a commonly used probiotic, resulted in increased vaccine efficacy, antibody responses, and weight gain. To investigate whether the responder-nonresponder effect was due to the selection of a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes, we analyzed all poly(G)-containing loci of the input strain compared to nonresponder colony isolates and found no evidence of phase state selection. However, untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics identified a potential biomarker negatively correlated with C. jejuni colonization levels that is possibly linked to increased microbial diversity in this subgroup. The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCE Campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. C. jejuni infection typically occurs through the ingestion of contaminated chicken meat, so many efforts are targeted at reducing C. jejuni levels at the source. We previously developed a vaccine that reduces C. jejuni levels in egg-laying chickens. In this study, we improved vaccine performance in meat birds by supplementing the vaccine with probiotics. In addition, we demonstrated that C. jejuni colonization levels in chickens are negatively correlated with the abundance of clostridia, another group of common gut microbes. We describe new methods for vaccine optimization that will assist in improving the C. jejuni vaccine and other vaccines under development.
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McCrackin MA, Helke KL, Galloway AM, Poole AZ, Salgado CD, Marriott BP. Effect of Antimicrobial Use in Agricultural Animals on Drug-resistant Foodborne Campylobacteriosis in Humans: A Systematic Literature Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:2115-32. [PMID: 26580432 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1119798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Controversy continues concerning antimicrobial use in food animals and its relationship to drug-resistant infections in humans. We systematically reviewed published literature for evidence of a relationship between antimicrobial use in agricultural animals and drug-resistant foodborne campylobacteriosis in humans. Based on publications from the United States (U.S.), Canada and Denmark from 2010 to July 2014, 195 articles were retained for abstract review, 50 met study criteria for full article review with 36 retained for which data are presented. Two publications reported increase in macrolide resistance of Campylobacter coli isolated from feces of swine receiving macrolides in feed, and one of these described similar findings for tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones. A study in growing turkeys demonstrated increased macrolide resistance associated with therapeutic dosing with Tylan® in drinking water. One publication linked tetracycline-resistant C. jejuni clone SA in raw cow's milk to a foodborne outbreak in humans. No studies that identified farm antimicrobial use also traced antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter from farm to fork. Recent literature confirms that on farm antibiotic selection pressure can increase colonization of animals with drug-resistant Campylobacter spp. but is inadequately detailed to establish a causal relationship between use of antimicrobials in agricultural animals and prevalence of drug-resistant foodborne campylobacteriosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A McCrackin
- a Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center Research Service , Charleston , South Carolina , USA.,b Department of Comparative Medicine , College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Kristi L Helke
- b Department of Comparative Medicine , College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Ashley M Galloway
- c Nutrition Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, and Military Division, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Ann Z Poole
- c Nutrition Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, and Military Division, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Cassandra D Salgado
- d Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Bernadette P Marriott
- c Nutrition Section, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, and Military Division, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
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25
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Effect of enhanced biosecurity and selected on-farm factors on Campylobacter colonization of chicken broilers. Epidemiol Infect 2016; 145:553-567. [DOI: 10.1017/s095026881600251x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYHuman campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported gastrointestinal bacterial infection in the EU; poultry meat has been identified as the main source of infection. We tested the hypothesis that enhanced biosecurity and other factors such as welfare status, breed, the practice of partial depopulation and number of empty days between flocks may prevent Campylobacter spp. caecal colonization of poultry batches at high levels (>123 000 c.f.u./g in pooled caecal samples). We analysed data from 2314 poultry batches sampled at slaughter in the UK in 2011–2013. We employed random-effects logistic regression to account for clustering of batches within farms and adjust for confounding. We estimated population attributable fractions using adjusted risk ratios. Enhanced biosecurity reduced the odds of colonization at partial depopulation [odds ratio (OR) 0·25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·14–0·47] and, to a lesser extent, at final depopulation (OR 0·47, 95% CI 0·25–0·89). An effect of the type of breed was also found. Under our assumptions, approximately 1/3 of highly colonized batches would be avoided if they were all raised under enhanced biosecurity or without partial depopulation. The results of the study indicate that on-farm measures can play an important role in reducing colonization of broiler chickens with Campylobacter spp. and as a result human exposure.
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Kobierecka PA, Olech B, Książek M, Derlatka K, Adamska I, Majewski PM, Jagusztyn-Krynicka EK, Wyszyńska AK. Cell Wall Anchoring of the Campylobacter Antigens to Lactococcus lactis. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:165. [PMID: 26925040 PMCID: PMC4757695 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequent cause of human food-borne gastroenteritis and chicken meat is the main source of infection. Recent studies showed that broiler chicken immunization against Campylobacter should be the most efficient way to lower the number of human infections by this pathogen. Induction of the mucosal immune system after oral antigen administration should provide protective immunity to chickens. In this work we tested the usefulness of Lactococcus lactis, the most extensively studied lactic acid bacterium, as a delivery vector for Campylobacter antigens. First we constructed hybrid protein - CjaA antigen presenting CjaD peptide epitopes on its surface. We showed that specific rabbit anti-rCjaAD serum reacted strongly with both CjaA and CjaD produced by a wild type C. jejuni strain. Next, rCjaAD and CjaA were fused to the C-terminus of the L. lactis YndF containing the LPTXG motif. The genes expressing these proteins were transcribed under control of the L. lactis Usp45 promoter and their products contain the Usp45 signal sequences. This strategy ensures a cell surface location of both analyzed proteins, which was confirmed by immunofluorescence assay. In order to evaluate the impact of antigen location on vaccine prototype efficacy, a L. lactis strain producing cytoplasm-located rCjaAD was also generated. Animal experiments showed a decrease of Campylobacter cecal load in vaccinated birds as compared with the control group and showed that the L. lactis harboring the surface-exposed rCjaAD antigen afforded greater protection than the L. lactis producing cytoplasm-located rCjaAD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to employ Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) strains as a mucosal delivery vehicle for chicken immunization. Although the observed reduction of chicken colonization by Campylobacter resulting from vaccination was rather moderate, the experiments showed that LAB strains can be considered as an alternative vector to deliver heterologous antigens to the bird immune system. Additionally, the analysis of the structure and immunogenicity of the generated rCjaAD hybrid protein showed that the CjaA antigen can be considered as a starting point to construct multiepitope anti-Campylobacter vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja A. Kobierecka
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Olech
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Książek
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Derlatka
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Adamska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł M. Majewski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka K. Wyszyńska
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
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Economou V, Zisides N, Gousia P, Petsios S, Sakkas H, Soultos N, Papadopoulou C. Prevalence and antimicrobial profile of Campylobacter isolates from free-range and conventional farming chicken meat during a 6-year survey. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Using Multiplex-PCR and High Resolution Melt Curve Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138808. [PMID: 26394042 PMCID: PMC4578860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are important causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans in developed countries. Among Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and C. coli are the most common causes of human infection. In this study, a multiplex PCR (mPCR) and high resolution melt (HRM) curve analysis were optimized for simultaneous detection and differentiation of C. jejuni and C. coli isolates. A segment of the hippuricase gene (hipO) of C. jejuni and putative aspartokinase (asp) gene of C. coli were amplified from 26 Campylobacter isolates and amplicons were subjected to HRM curve analysis. The mPCR-HRM was able to differentiate between C. jejuni and C. coli species. All DNA amplicons generated by mPCR were sequenced. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences from each isolate revealed that the HRM curves were correlated with the nucleotide sequences of the amplicons. Minor variation in melting point temperatures of C. coli or C. jejuni isolates was also observed and enabled some intraspecies differentiation between C. coli and/or C. jejuni isolates. The potential of PCR-HRM curve analysis for the detection and speciation of Campylobacter in additional human clinical specimens and chicken swab samples was also confirmed. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were found to be 100% and 92%, respectively. The results indicated that mPCR followed by HRM curve analysis provides a rapid (8 hours) technique for differentiation between C. jejuni and C. coli isolates.
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Wang H, Slavik M, Li Y, Wang A. Rapid Detection of Campylobacter jejuni in Poultry Products Using QD-FRET Based Fluoroimmunoassay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2015.548.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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El-Adawy H, Ahmed MFE, Hotzel H, Tomaso H, Tenhagen BA, Hartung J, Neubauer H, Hafez HM. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli recovered from organic turkey farms in Germany. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2831-7. [PMID: 26371330 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The popularity of food produced from animals kept under an organic regimen has increased in recent years. In Germany, turkey meat consumption has increased. Despite several studies assessing the susceptibility of campylobacters to various antibiotics in poultry, no sufficient data exists regarding the antimicrobial resistance of campylobacters in organic-reared turkeys. This study provides information about antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter isolated from turkeys reared on organic farms in Germany. Ninety-six Campylobacter strains (41 C. jejuni and 55 C. coli) were isolated from different free-range turkey flocks. In vitro antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done using a broth microdilution test, and the presence of resistance genes to antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, tetracycline) was investigated. All Campylobacter isolates from organic turkeys (n = 96) were phenotypically sensitive to gentamicin, erythromycin, streptomycin, and chloramphenicol. In this study, the antibiotic susceptibilities of C. jejuni to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and naladixic acid were 56.0%, 51.3%, and 56.0%, respectively. In contrast, 44.0%, 73.0%, and 74.6% of C. coli isolates were resistant to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid, respectively. Replacement of the Thr-86→Ile in the gyrA gene, and the presence of the tet(O) gene were the mainly identified resistance mechanisms against fluoroquinolones and tetracycline, respectively.These results also reinforce the need to develop strategies and implement specific control procedures to reduce the development of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosny El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr El-Sheikh University, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Marwa F E Ahmed
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17p, 30559 Hannover, Germany Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Bernd-Alois Tenhagen
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department Biological Safety, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joerg Hartung
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17p, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Hafez M Hafez
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Free University Berlin, Königsweg 63, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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Frasão BS, Côrtes LR, Nascimento ER, Cunha NC, Almeida VL, Aquino MHC. Detecção de resistência às fluoroquinolonas em Campylobacter isolados de frangos de criação orgânica. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2015000700003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resumo Estudos têm revelado que a resistência às quinolonas em cepas de Campylobacter está relacionada à presença da mutação Treonina-86 para Isoleucina. Com o objetivo de investigar a presença dessa mutação em cepas de Campylobacter sensíveis e resistentes à ciprofloxacina e enrofloxacina, o conteúdo cecal de 80 frangos de corte de criação orgânica, abatidos sob Serviço de Inspeção Estadual (S.I.E.) do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, foram coletados e investigados para a presença de Campylobacter. A determinação da resistência à ciprofloxacina e enrofloxacina foi feita pela técnica de difusão em disco e de diluição em ágar para determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM). A detecção da mutação na Região Determinante de Resistencia às Quinolonas (RDRQ) no gene gyrA foi realizada através de sequenciamento. Campylobacter foi isolado a partir de 100% das amostras avaliadas, sendo 68,75% correspondente à C. jejuni e 31,25% à C. coli. No teste de difusão em disco, 100% das cepas foram resistentes à ciprofloxacina e 56,25% das cepas foram resistentes à enrofloxacina. No teste de diluição em ágar, todas as cepas foram resistentes à ciprofloxacina apresentando CIM variando de ≥ 16-64μg/mL, e resistência ou resistência intermediaria à enrofloxacina foi detectada em 42,50% (CIM ≥ 4-32μg/mL) e 38,75% (CIM = 2μg/mL) das cepas, respectivamente. A mutação Tre-86-Ile, foi observada em 100% das cepas analisadas. Além dessa mutação, foram observadas outras mutações não silenciosas (Val-73-Glu, Ser-114-Leu, Val-88-Asp, Ala-75-Asp, Ser-119-Gli, Arg-79-Lis) e mutações silenciosas (His-81-His, Ser-119-Ser, Ala-120-Ala, Fen-99-Fen, Ala-122-Ala, Gli-74-Gli, Ile-77-Ile, Ala-91-Ala, Leu-92-Leu, Val-93-Val, Ile-106-Ile, Tre-107-Tre, Gli-113-Gli, Ile-115-Ile, Gli-110-Gli). A observação de que cepas sensíveis à enrofloxacina pelos testes fenotípicos apresentavam a substituição Tre-86 para Ile sugere que outros mecanismos podem contribuir para a resistência à enrofloxacina em Campylobacter.
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Kaakoush NO, Castaño-Rodríguez N, Mitchell HM, Man SM. Global Epidemiology of Campylobacter Infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 28:687-720. [PMID: 26062576 PMCID: PMC4462680 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00006-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 871] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni infection is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of the last century. The incidence and prevalence of campylobacteriosis have increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. The dramatic increase in North America, Europe, and Australia is alarming, and data from parts of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East indicate that campylobacteriosis is endemic in these areas, especially in children. In addition to C. jejuni, there is increasing recognition of the clinical importance of emerging Campylobacter species, including Campylobacter concisus and Campylobacter ureolyticus. Poultry is a major reservoir and source of transmission of campylobacteriosis to humans. Other risk factors include consumption of animal products and water, contact with animals, and international travel. Strategic implementation of multifaceted biocontrol measures to reduce the transmission of this group of pathogens is paramount for public health. Overall, campylobacteriosis is still one of the most important infectious diseases that is likely to challenge global health in the years to come. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the global epidemiology, transmission, and clinical relevance of Campylobacter infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalia Castaño-Rodríguez
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hazel M Mitchell
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Si Ming Man
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Gaucher ML, Quessy S, Letellier A, Arsenault J, Boulianne M. Impact of a drug-free program on broiler chicken growth performances, gut health, Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter jejuni occurrences at the farm level. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1791-801. [PMID: 26047674 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antimicrobial agents as feed additives in poultry production is a public health concern due to the overall increase in antimicrobial resistance. Although some alternative products are commercially available, little is known on their potential impact on flock health and productivity. A prospective study involving 1.55 million birds was conducted on eight commercial broiler farms in Québec, Canada, to evaluate the impact of replacing antibiotic growth promoters and anticoccidial drugs by a drug-free program including improved brooding conditions, anticoccidial vaccination, essential oil-based feed additives, and water acidification. Various productivity and health parameters were compared between barns allocated to the conventional and the drug-free program. Zootechnical performances were monitored as productivity criteria. Clinical necrotic enteritis and subclinical enteritis occurrences, litter and fecal moistures content were measured, and microscopic gut health was evaluated. Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter spp. strains were recovered from fecal samples collected during farm visits. Clostridium perfringens counts were used as poultry health indicators and Campylobacter prevalence was noted as well. The drug-free program was associated with a significant increase in feed conversion ratio and a decrease in mean live weight at slaughter and in daily weight gain. An increased incidence of necrotic enteritis outbreaks and subclinical enteritis cases, as well as an increase in litter moisture content at the end of the rearing period were also observed for this program. Mean microscopic intestinal lesion scores and prevalence of Campylobacter colonization were not statistically different between the two groups but the drug-free program was associated with higher Clostridium perfringens isolation rates. According to the current study design, the results suggest that substitution of antibiotic growth promoters and anticoccidial drugs by a drug-free program impacts various broiler chicken production parameters and Clostridium perfringens carriage levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-L Gaucher
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Pathology and Microbiology Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Montreal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 7C6 Chair in Poultry Research, Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Montreal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 7C6 Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Centre (CRIPA), Pathology and Microbiology Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Montreal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 7C6
| | - S Quessy
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Pathology and Microbiology Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Montreal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 7C6
| | - A Letellier
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Pathology and Microbiology Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Montreal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 7C6
| | - J Arsenault
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Centre (CRIPA), Pathology and Microbiology Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Montreal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 7C6
| | - M Boulianne
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Centre (CRIPA), Pathology and Microbiology Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Montreal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 7C6
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Zakarienė G, Rokaitytė A, Ramonaitė S, Novoslavskij A, Mulkytė K, Zaborskienė G, Malakauskas M. The Antimicrobial Effect of Spice-Based Marinades againstCampylobacter jejunion Contaminated Fresh Broiler Wings. J Food Sci 2015; 80:M627-34. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gintarė Zakarienė
- Dept. of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy; Lithuanian Univ. of Health Sciences; Tilzes st. 18 LT-47181 Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Anita Rokaitytė
- Dept. of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy; Lithuanian Univ. of Health Sciences; Tilzes st. 18 LT-47181 Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Sigita Ramonaitė
- Dept. of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy; Lithuanian Univ. of Health Sciences; Tilzes st. 18 LT-47181 Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Aleksandr Novoslavskij
- Dept. of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy; Lithuanian Univ. of Health Sciences; Tilzes st. 18 LT-47181 Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Kristina Mulkytė
- Dept. of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy; Lithuanian Univ. of Health Sciences; Tilzes st. 18 LT-47181 Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Gintarė Zaborskienė
- Dept. of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy; Lithuanian Univ. of Health Sciences; Tilzes st. 18 LT-47181 Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Malakauskas
- Dept. of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy; Lithuanian Univ. of Health Sciences; Tilzes st. 18 LT-47181 Kaunas Lithuania
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Noormohamed A, Fakhr MK. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. in Oklahoma Conventional and Organic Retail Poultry. Open Microbiol J 2014; 8:130-7. [PMID: 25408778 PMCID: PMC4235082 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801408010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is one of the most important foodborne pathogens that cause bacterial gastroenteritis.This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter in conventional and organic retail poultry samples purchased from grocery stores in Tulsa, Oklahoma.One hundred and fifty six chilled retail chicken samples (85 conventional and 71 organic) and 65 chilled retail conventional turkey samples were collected in this study. The prevalence of Campylobacter in the conventional chicken samples 32/85 (38%) was higher than in the organic ones 21/71 (30%). The prevalence of Campylobacter in the conventional turkey samples was 11/65 (17%). Of the 53 positive chicken samples, 42 were C. jejuni, 8 were C. coli and three isolates were contaminated with both species. Of the 11 positive turkey samples, 8 contained C. jejuni and 3 harbored C. coli isolates. The antimicrobial susceptibility of one hundred and forty nine recovered Campylobacter isolates (130 chickens and 19 turkeys) towards sixteen antimicrobials was determined. The majority of the recovered turkey isolates (13/19) showed resistance to more than 7 antimicrobials while most of the recovered chicken ones (82/130) were resistant to 5 to 7 antimicrobials. Multidrug resistance was not limited to isolates from conventional sources but was also available in isolates of an organic background and was generally lower in C. jejuni isolates when compared to the C. coli ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesa Noormohamed
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Mohamed K Fakhr
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
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36
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Poultry consumers' behaviour, risk perception and knowledge related to campylobacteriosis and domestic food safety. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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37
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Fraqueza M, Martins A, Borges A, Fernandes M, Fernandes M, Vaz Y, Bessa R, Barreto A. Antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter spp. strains isolated from different poultry production systems at slaughterhouse level. Poult Sci 2014; 93:1578-86. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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