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Jainonthee C, Chaisowwong W, Ngamsanga P, Meeyam T, Sampedro F, Wells SJ, Pichpol D. Exploring the influence of slaughterhouse type and slaughtering steps on Campylobacter jejuni contamination in chicken meat: A cluster analysis approach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32345. [PMID: 38975070 PMCID: PMC11225752 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni), a foodborne pathogen, poses notable hazards to human health and has significant economic implications for poultry production. This study aimed to assess C. jejuni contamination levels in chicken carcasses from both backyard and commercial slaughterhouses in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. It also sought to examine the effects of different slaughtering practices on contamination levels and to offer evidence-based recommendations for reducing C. jejuni contamination. Through the sampling of 105 chicken carcasses and subsequent enumeration of C. jejuni, the study captured the impact of various slaughtering practices. Utilizing k-modes clustering on the observational and bacterial count data, the research identified distinct patterns of contamination, revealing higher levels in backyard operations compared to commercial ones. The application of k-modes clustering highlighted the impact of critical slaughtering practices, particularly chilling, on contamination levels. Notably, samples with the lowest bacterial counts were typically from the chilling step, a practice predominantly found in commercial facilities. This observation underpins the recommendation for backyard slaughterhouses to incorporate ice in their post-evisceration soaking process. Mimicking commercial practices, this chilling method aims to inhibit C. jejuni growth by reducing carcass temperature, thereby enhancing food safety. Furthermore, the study suggests backyard operations adopt additional measures observed in commercial settings, like segregating equipment for each slaughtering step and implementing regular cleaning protocols. These strategic interventions are pivotal in reducing contamination risks, advancing microbiological safety in poultry processing, and aligning with global food safety enhancement efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalita Jainonthee
- Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Centre for Asia Pacific (VPHCAP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
- Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
| | - Warangkhana Chaisowwong
- Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Centre for Asia Pacific (VPHCAP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
- Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
| | - Phakamas Ngamsanga
- Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Centre for Asia Pacific (VPHCAP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
| | - Tongkorn Meeyam
- Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
| | - Fernando Sampedro
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Scott J. Wells
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Duangporn Pichpol
- Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
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Nolte T, Spieß F, Jacobs AK, Kemper N, Visscher C. Process Hygiene Criterion for Campylobacter and Number of Campylobacter Enteritis Cases in Northwest Germany. Foods 2024; 13:281. [PMID: 38254584 PMCID: PMC10815233 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported bacterial foodborne disease in the European Union. Its transmission is often associated with the consumption of poultry meat. In 2018, Regulation (EC) No. 2017/1495 introduced a process hygiene criterion and with this, the testing requirements for Campylobacter. The results of microbiological testing for Campylobacter of chicken carcass neck skin samples from several slaughter lines in Northwest Germany collected by the food business operators and contamination levels (cfu/g Campylobacter) of these samples were analysed from 2018 to 2021. Classification into three different categories was made based on contamination levels. The proportion of highly contaminated (category three) neck samples (>1000 cfu/g) decreased from 2018 to 2021. Our analysis showed a relationship between the number of neck samples with high Campylobacter contamination levels (>1000 cfu/g) and human cases in Northwest Germany. Spearman's rank test (p < 0.01) showed a higher correlation in 2018 (0.66) and 2019 (0.58) compared to 2020 and 2021. Campylobacter enteritis cases in Northwest Germany stayed at a low level in 2020 and 2021. It remains unclear whether the decrease in reported Campylobacter enteritis cases is related to a decrease in Campylobacter levels on chicken carcasses or due to other reasons like underreporting during the COVID-19 pandemic, and therefore must be investigated in further analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Nolte
- Science and Innovation for Sustainable Poultry Production (WING), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-49377 Vechta, Germany; (A.-K.J.); (N.K.); (C.V.)
| | - Fabian Spieß
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-30173 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Anne-Katrin Jacobs
- Science and Innovation for Sustainable Poultry Production (WING), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-49377 Vechta, Germany; (A.-K.J.); (N.K.); (C.V.)
| | - Nicole Kemper
- Science and Innovation for Sustainable Poultry Production (WING), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-49377 Vechta, Germany; (A.-K.J.); (N.K.); (C.V.)
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Visscher
- Science and Innovation for Sustainable Poultry Production (WING), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-49377 Vechta, Germany; (A.-K.J.); (N.K.); (C.V.)
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-30173 Hannover, Germany;
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3
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Langkabel N, Burgard J, Freter S, Fries R, Meemken D, Ellerbroek L. Detection of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) E. coli at Different Processing Stages in Three Broiler Abattoirs. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2541. [PMID: 37894199 PMCID: PMC10609597 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) identified extended-spectrum β-lactamase/AmpC β-lactamase (ESBL/AmpC)-producing E. coli as one of the main priority hazards for poultry. Different studies detected ESBL-producing E. coli at broiler fattening farms and in abattoirs, concluding that poultry meat is a potential source of human infection. Broiler breast skin samples taken in three abattoirs with different scalding techniques were examined for ESBL-producing Escherichia (E.) coli and their phylogenetic groups. A total of 307 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were found, and the abattoir with conventional immersion scalding with thermal treatment of the water had the lowest incidence. Phylogroups D/E and B1 were mostly detected, while phylogroups C, D, and E were not detected. Phylogroup B2 was detected in low proportions. The phylogroups B2 and D are important as they have been associated with urinary tract infections in humans, but were only detected in low proportions at different processing stages in this study. Since the risk for the consumer of being infected via chicken meat with ESBL-producing E. coli and E. coli of highly pathogenic phylogroups cannot be excluded, good kitchen hygiene is of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Langkabel
- Working Group Meat Hygiene, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Burgard
- Working Group Meat Hygiene, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Freter
- Working Group Meat Hygiene, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard Fries
- Working Group Meat Hygiene, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Meemken
- Working Group Meat Hygiene, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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Smith RP, Lawes J, Davies RH, Hutchison ML, Vidal A, Gilson D, Rodgers J. UK-wide risk factor study of broiler carcases highly contaminated with Campylobacter. Zoonoses Public Health 2023; 70:523-541. [PMID: 37337320 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter is a major cause of food poisoning and is typically the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the UK. Data collected at broiler farm and abattoir level, for slaughter batches that were sampled for UK-wide monitoring, were used to generate two epidemiological risk factor models. A total of 483 batches slaughtered between January 2016 and March 2017 were used in the analysis, coming from 19 abattoirs representing more than 85% of UK broiler production. For each selected slaughter batch, one carcase was sampled after primary chilling and 10 randomly sampled birds had caecal samples collected at the evisceration point. Samples were used for Campylobacter identification and quantification. Two multivariable mixed-effects models were designed, one with the binary outcome for the detection of a highly contaminated (>1000 colony forming units (CFU)/g) Campylobacter-positive carcase, whereas the other used the Campylobacter colony count (CFU/g) carcase outcome. The results suggest that caecal colonization within the batch was a key factor for the occurrence of Campylobacter on carcases, and many factors that were identified in the model were also likely to be related to colonization or related to the risk of introduction of Campylobacter from partial depopulation (referred to as thinning) of ~30% of the flock approximately 1 week before full flock depopulation events. The amount of neck skin in the sample was another key factor identified and was included in both models as a risk factor. The models have also identified other factors which may be related to the general health and husbandry on-farm (use of prebiotics or vaccines, and identification of the product used for drinking line cleaning), whereas the other factors may identify control points related to transmission within a farm. The identification of these variables could help focus control efforts on-farm, especially for relatively easy improvements, such as improving the provision of house-specific bird-weighing buckets/cages in houses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Smith
- Department of Epidemiological Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency - Weybridge, Surrey, UK
| | - J Lawes
- Department of Epidemiological Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency - Weybridge, Surrey, UK
| | - R H Davies
- Bacteriology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency - Weybridge, Surrey, UK
| | | | - A Vidal
- Bacteriology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency - Weybridge, Surrey, UK
- Surveillance and Regulatory Support Department, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Gilson
- Department of Epidemiological Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency - Weybridge, Surrey, UK
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - J Rodgers
- Bacteriology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency - Weybridge, Surrey, UK
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Marmion M, Soro AB, Whyte P, Scannell AGM. A culture-based assessment of the microbiota of conventional and free-range chicken meat from Irish processing facilities. Food Microbiol 2023; 114:104306. [PMID: 37290880 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chicken meat is the most popularly consumed meat worldwide, with free-range and ethically produced meat a growing market among consumers. However, poultry is frequently contaminated with spoilage microbes and zoonotic pathogens which impact the shelf-life and safety of the raw product, constituting a health risk to consumers. The free-range broiler microbiota is subject to various influences during rearing such as direct exposure to the external environment and wildlife which are not experienced during conventional rearing practices. Using culture-based microbiology approaches, this study aimed to determine whether there is a detectable difference in the microbiota from conventional and free-range broilers from selected Irish processing plants. This was done through analysis of the microbiological status of bone-in chicken thighs over the duration of the meat shelf-life. It was found that the shelf-life of these products was 10 days from arrival in the laboratory, with no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) evident between free-range and conventionally raised chicken meat. A significant difference, however, was established in the presence of pathogenesis-associated genera in different meat processors. These results reinforce past findings which indicate that the processing environment and storage during shelf-life are key determinants of the microflora of chicken products reaching the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marmion
- UCD School of Agriculture Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Ireland; UCD Centre for Food Safety, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
| | - A B Soro
- UCD School of Agriculture Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Ireland; Teagasc Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15DY05, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Whyte
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, Ireland
| | - A G M Scannell
- UCD School of Agriculture Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Ireland; UCD Institute of Food and Health, Ireland; UCD Centre for Food Safety, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
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6
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Peh E, Szott V, Reichelt B, Friese A, Rösler U, Plötz M, Kittler S. Bacteriophage cocktail application for Campylobacter mitigation - from in vitro to in vivo. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:209. [PMID: 37543585 PMCID: PMC10403930 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02963-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective strategies are urgently needed to control Campylobacteriosis, one of the most important foodborne gastrointestinal diseases worldwide. Administering bacteriophages (phages) is under evaluation as a possible intervention strategy in primary poultry production to reduce the public health risk of human infection. A major challenge is the translation of results from small-scale animal studies to large broiler flocks. In this study, the in vitro lytic activity of 18 Campylobacter-specific group II phages and 19 group III phages were examined singly, and in different combinations from the same group and from both groups using a planktonic killing assay. Based on these results, a combination of phage NCTC 12,673 (group III) and vB_CcM-LmqsCPL1/1 (group II) was selected for in vivo application in a seeder bird model to study its effectiveness under conditions as close as possible to field conditions. One hundred eighty Ross 308 broiler chickens were divided into a control and a treatment group. Ten days post hatch, seeder birds were orally inoculated with the C. jejuni target strain. Phages were administered via drinking water at a total concentration of 107 PFU/mL four, three, and two days before necropsy. RESULTS Combining group II and group III phages resulted in significantly higher in vitro growth inhibition against the C. jejuni target strain BfR-CA-14,430 than single application or combinations of phages from the same group. The results of the animal trial showed that the application of the two phages significantly reduced Campylobacter counts in cloacal swabs. At necropsy, Campylobacter counts in colonic content of the treatment group were significantly reduced by 2 log10 units compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that combining phages of groups II and III results in significantly increased lytic activities. The in vitro results were successfully translated into practical application in a study design close to field conditions, providing new data to apply phages in conventional broiler flocks in the future. Phage application reduced the fecal Campylobacter excretion and Campylobacter concentrations in the colon of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Peh
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Vanessa Szott
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Reichelt
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Friese
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Rösler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Madeleine Plötz
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sophie Kittler
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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7
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Blomvall L, Kaukonen E, Kurittu P, Heikinheimo A, Fredriksson-Ahomaa M. Food chain information and post-mortem findings in fattening Turkey flocks. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Carbonero A, Maldonado-Iniesta A, Trujillo Y, Perea J, Riofrío M, Garcia-Bocanegra I, Borge C. Identification of genes associated with environmental persistence in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from processing in a broiler abattoir. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:1325-1330. [PMID: 36094751 PMCID: PMC9684268 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09981-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the htrA, htrB and ppk1 genes -all of which are related to environmental persistence- in C. jejuni and C. coli isolates obtained from abattoir samples at the arrival of broilers (initial stage) and in meat products after processing (final stage). A total of 119 DNA extracts (55 C. jejuni and 64 C. coli) were included in the study. Identification of genes was performed by conventional PCR (one for each gene). The overall prevalence was 40.3%, 93.3% and 68.9% for the htrA, htrB and ppk1 genes, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found (p < 0.05) between prevalence of C. jejuni and C. coli for all three genes. In C. coli the prevalence was significantly higher for the htrA (p = 0.007) and htrB (p = 0.015) genes, while ppk1 gene prevalence was significantly higher in C. jejuni (p < 0.001). In addition, statistically significant increase in the frequency of htrA (p = 0.007) and htrB (p = 0.013) genes in the final product compared to broilers on arrival at the abattoir was observed in C. jejuni, but not in C. coli. These results suggest that htrA and htrB genes are involved in environmental persistence of Campylobacter jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carbonero
- Department of Animal Health, University of Cordoba, Animal Health Building, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - A Maldonado-Iniesta
- Department of Animal Health, University of Cordoba, Animal Health Building, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Y Trujillo
- Department of Animal Health, University of Cordoba, Animal Health Building, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J Perea
- Department of Animal Production, University of Cordoba, Production Animal Building, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14014, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - M Riofrío
- Andalusian Health Service, Health Center Polígono del Guadalquivir, 14013, Cordoba, Spain
| | - I Garcia-Bocanegra
- Department of Animal Health, University of Cordoba, Animal Health Building, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - C Borge
- Department of Animal Health, University of Cordoba, Animal Health Building, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
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Szott V, Peh E, Friese A, Roesler U, Kehrenberg C, Ploetz M, Kittler S. Antimicrobial effect of a drinking water additive comprising four organic acids on Campylobacter load in broilers and monitoring of bacterial susceptibility. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102209. [PMID: 36283144 PMCID: PMC9597105 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of organic acids via feed or drinking water is under discussion as a possible intervention strategy to reduce Campylobacter (C.) load in primary poultry production. A previous in vitro study showed that reduced concentrations of sorbic acid, benzoic acid, propionic acid, and acetic acid were required for antibacterial activity against Campylobacter when using a mixture of these 4 acids compared to when using the single acids. The present study aimed at determining the antibacterial efficiency of this combination in vivo as a drinking water additive for reducing shedding and intestinal C. jejuni colonization in broilers. Furthermore, we assessed whether the inoculated C. jejuni strain BfR-CA-14430 adapted in vivo to the applied organic acids. Results of this study showed that adding the organic acids consistently reduced Campylobacter loads in cloacal swabs. While significant reductions were observed within the entire study period, a maximum 2 log reduction occurred at an age of 18 d. However, after dissection at the end of the trial, no significant differences were detected in Campylobacter loads of cecal and colon contents compared to the control group. Susceptibility testing of re-isolates from cloacal swabs and cecal content revealed equal minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values compared to the inoculated test strain, suggesting that C. jejuni remained susceptible throughout the trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Szott
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Peh
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, 30173 Germany.
| | - Anika Friese
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Madeleine Ploetz
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, 30173 Germany
| | - Sophie Kittler
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, 30173 Germany
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10
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Comparative studies on the correlation of Campylobacter spp. at different stages in the broiler production chain. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Dogan OB, Aditya A, Ortuzar J, Clarke J, Wang B. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of processing stages and interventions for controlling Campylobacter contamination during broiler chicken processing. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 21:227-271. [PMID: 34730272 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to quantify the effects of processing stages and interventions on the prevalence and concentration of Campylobacter on broiler carcasses. To comprehensively capture relevant evidence, six databases were searched using the keywords "Campylobacter" and "broiler chicken." The literature search yielded 10,450 unique citations, and after applying predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 72 and 53 relevant citations were included in meta-analyses for processing stages and interventions, respectively. As the two primary outcomes, log reduction and prevalence changes were estimated for each stage or intervention using a random-effects meta-analysis approach whenever possible. The outcome-level quality assessment was conducted following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The analysis revealed that scalding and chilling majorly reduces the prevalence and concentration of Campylobacter. Immersion chilling reduces the concentration regardless of chemical additives, but its effect on prevalence is not conclusive. The effects of carcass washing applications remain uncertain due to the inconsistency and imprecision of both outcomes. Defeathering and evisceration were identified as stages that can increase both prevalence and concentration. Both chemical and physical processing interventions provide limited efficacy in concentration and prevalence reduction. Major limitations of the review were inconsistency and imprecision at the outcome level and reporting issues and data gaps at the study level. The results are expected to inform quantitative microbial risk assessment model development and support evidence-based decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onay B Dogan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Anand Aditya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Juan Ortuzar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jennifer Clarke
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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12
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The changing microbiome of poultry meat; from farm to fridge. Food Microbiol 2021; 99:103823. [PMID: 34119108 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chickens play host to a diverse community of microorganisms which constitute the microflora of the live bird. Factors such as diet, genetics and immune system activity affect this complex population within the bird, while external influences including weather and exposure to other animals alter the development of the microbiome. Bacteria from these settings including Campylobacter and Salmonella play an important role in the quality and safety of end-products from these birds. Further steps, including washing and chilling, within the production cycle aim to control the proliferation of these microbes as well as those which cause product spoilage. These steps impose specific selective pressures upon the microflora of the meat product. Within the next decade, it is forecast that poultry meat, particularly chicken will become the most consumed meat globally. However, as poultry meat is a frequently cited reservoir of zoonotic disease, understanding the development of its microflora is key to controlling the proliferation of important spoilage and pathogenic bacterial groups present on the bird. Whilst several excellent reviews exist detailing the microbiome of poultry during primary production, others focus on fate of important poultry pathogens such as Campylobacter and Salmonella spp. At farm and retail level, and yet others describe the evolution of spoilage microbes during spoilage. This review seeks to provide the poultry industry and research scientists unfamiliar with food technology process with a holistic overview of the key changes to the microflora of broiler chickens at each stage of the production and retail cycle.
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13
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A One Health Perspective on a Multi-hurdle Approach to Combat Campylobacter spp. in Broiler Meat. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-021-00167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Rodrigues CS, Armendaris PM, de Sá CVGC, Haddad JPA, de Melo CB. Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in Chicken Carcasses in Slaughterhouses from South of Brazil. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2242-2250. [PMID: 33830320 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02478-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis has become common cause of diarrhea in humans and is associated with Guillain-Barré Syndrome, Reactive Arthritis and Irritable Bowel Syndrome is caused mainly by contaminated food and water intake in which the majority occurs from manipulation, preparation and consumption of poultry meat. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter in chicken carcasses from slaughterhouses located in the states of Parana, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul in the South of Brazil. The samples were analyzed for Campylobacter enumeration using the ISO method 10272-2 and the species C. jejuni and C. coli, important for public health, were identified through Maldi-TOF mass spectrometry. From July 2017 to July 2018, 816 samples were analyzed, indicating the prevalence of 35.84%, with higher occurrence of C. jejuni (78.47%). No difference in prevalence was observed in relation to the size of the slaughterhouses. However, significant differences were noted among the three states in the southern region of the country, with the lowest prevalence being observed in Parana. The results reinforce the need to advance in the implementation of strategies to control this pathogen in the country, in order to safeguard consumer's health and contribute for the maintenance of Brazil's position in the international poultry meat market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Susana Rodrigues
- Infectious Diseases of Mandatory Notification Laboratory, University of Brasília, ICC Sul, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.,Department of Inspection of Animal Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Secretariat of Animal and Plant Health and Inspection, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Paulo Marcel Armendaris
- Federal Laboratory of Agricultural Defense, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Secretariat of Animal and Plant Health and Inspection, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Claudia Valéria Gonçalves Cordeiro de Sá
- Department of Support and Standards, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Secretariat of Animal and Plant Health and Inspection, Brasília, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Amaral Haddad
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Veterinary College, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Barros de Melo
- Infectious Diseases of Mandatory Notification Laboratory, University of Brasília, ICC Sul, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
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15
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Perez‐Arnedo I, Cantalejo MJ, Martínez‐Laorden A, Gonzalez‐Fandos E. Effect of processing on the microbiological quality and safety of chicken carcasses at slaughterhouse. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iratxe Perez‐Arnedo
- Food Technology Department CIVA Research Center University of La Rioja Madre de Dios 53 Logrono La Rioja26006Spain
| | - María J. Cantalejo
- School of Agricultural Engineering Public University of NavarreEdificio Los Olivos Campus de Arrosadia sn Pamplona31006Spain
| | - Alba Martínez‐Laorden
- Food Technology Department CIVA Research Center University of La Rioja Madre de Dios 53 Logrono La Rioja26006Spain
| | - Elena Gonzalez‐Fandos
- Food Technology Department CIVA Research Center University of La Rioja Madre de Dios 53 Logrono La Rioja26006Spain
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16
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Kwon BR, Wei B, Cha SY, Shang K, Zhang JF, Kang M, Jang HK. Longitudinal Study of the Distribution of Antimicrobial-Resistant Campylobacter Isolates from an Integrated Broiler Chicken Operation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:246. [PMID: 33498355 PMCID: PMC7909429 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic diversity of Campylobacter isolates that were obtained from whole chicken production stages in Korea. A total of 1348 samples were collected from 10 production lines. The prevalence of Campylobacter in breeder farm, broiler farm, slaughterhouse, and retail meat products was 50.0%, 3.3%, 13.4%, and 68.4%, respectively, and Campylobacter was not detected at the hatchery stage. Resistance to quinolones/fluoroquinolones was the most prevalent at all stages. Among the multidrug-resistant isolates, 16 isolates (19.8%) from breeder farm were resistant to both azithromycin and ciprofloxacin. A total of 182 isolates were subdivided into 82 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotypes with 100% similarity. Diverse genotypes were presented with discontinuous patterns along the whole production chain. Thirty percent of Campylobacter-free flocks became positive after slaughtering. An identical genotype was simultaneously detected from both breeder farm and retail meat, even from different production lines. This study reveals that antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter contamination can occur at all stages of the chicken supply chain. In particular, the breeder farm and slaughterhouse should be the main control points, as they are the potential stages at which antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter could spread to retail meat products by horizontal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ram Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases and Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Poultry Diseases Control, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (B.-R.K.); (B.W.); (S.-Y.C.); (K.S.); (J.-F.Z.)
| | - Bai Wei
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases and Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Poultry Diseases Control, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (B.-R.K.); (B.W.); (S.-Y.C.); (K.S.); (J.-F.Z.)
| | - Se-Yeoun Cha
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases and Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Poultry Diseases Control, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (B.-R.K.); (B.W.); (S.-Y.C.); (K.S.); (J.-F.Z.)
| | - Ke Shang
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases and Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Poultry Diseases Control, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (B.-R.K.); (B.W.); (S.-Y.C.); (K.S.); (J.-F.Z.)
| | - Jun-Feng Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases and Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Poultry Diseases Control, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (B.-R.K.); (B.W.); (S.-Y.C.); (K.S.); (J.-F.Z.)
| | - Min Kang
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases and Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Poultry Diseases Control, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (B.-R.K.); (B.W.); (S.-Y.C.); (K.S.); (J.-F.Z.)
- Bio Disease Control (BIOD) Co., Ltd., Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Hyung-Kwan Jang
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases and Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Poultry Diseases Control, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (B.-R.K.); (B.W.); (S.-Y.C.); (K.S.); (J.-F.Z.)
- Bio Disease Control (BIOD) Co., Ltd., Iksan 54596, Korea
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17
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Analysis of Campylobacter jejuni Subtype Distribution in the Chicken Broiler Production Continuum: a Longitudinal Examination To Identify Primary Contamination Points. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02001-20. [PMID: 33158900 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02001-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant knowledge gaps exist in our understanding of Campylobacter jejuni contamination of the poultry production continuum. Microbiological surveillance and genotypic characterization were undertaken on C. jejuni isolates longitudinally recovered from three poultry farms (weekly samples), the abattoir at which birds were processed, and at retail over a 542-day period in southwestern Alberta, Canada, as a model location. Subtypes were compared to concurrent isolates from diarrheic humans living in the study region. Barn outbreaks in broiler chickens occurred infrequently. Subtypes from colonized birds, including clinically relevant subtypes of C. jejuni, were recovered within barns and from subsequent production stages. When C. jejuni was detected in barns, most birds rapidly became colonized by a limited number of subtypes late in the cycle. However, the diversity of subtypes recovered from birds in the abattoir increased substantially. Moreover, birds deemed free of C. jejuni upon exit from the barn became contaminated within the abattoir environment, and a high prevalence of meat at retail was contaminated with C. jejuni, including subtypes that had not been previously observed in the barns. The observed increase in prevalence of contamination and diversity of C. jejuni subtypes along the chicken production continuum indicates that birds from a relatively small number of barns contaminate transport trucks and the abattoir with C. jejuni strains, which are collectively transferred to poultry within the abattoir and conveyed to and persist on retail products. We conclude that the abattoir was the primary contamination point of poultry by C. jejuni but only a subset of subtypes were a high risk to human beings.IMPORTANCE The longitudinal examination of Campylobacter jejuni subtypes throughout the broiler production continuum is required to determine transmission mechanisms and to identify potential reservoirs and the foodborne risk posed. We showed that a limited number of C. jejuni subtypes are responsible for infrequent outbreaks in broilers within production barns and that colonized birds from a small number of farms are introduced into the abattoir where a high prevalence of carcasses are subsequently contaminated with a diversity of subtypes, which are transferred onto poultry in retail settings. However, only a subset of strains on poultry was determined to be clinically relevant. The study findings showed that resolving C. jejuni at the subtype level is important to ascertain health risks, and the knowledge obtained in the study provides information to mitigate clinically relevant subtypes to reduce the burden of campylobacteriosis.
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18
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Alter T, Reich F. Management Strategies for Prevention of Campylobacter Infections Through the Poultry Food Chain: A European Perspective. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021; 431:79-102. [PMID: 33620649 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65481-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies point out that at present, a complete elimination of Campylobacter species in the poultry food chain is not feasible. Thus, the current aim should be to establish control measures and intervention strategies to minimize the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in livestock (esp. poultry flocks) and to reduce the quantitative Campylobacter burden along the food chain in animals and subsequently in foods. The most effective measures to mitigate Campylobacter focus on the primary production stage. Nevertheless, measures applied during slaughter and processing complement the general meat hygiene approaches by reducing fecal contamination during slaughtering and processing and as a consequence help to reduce Campylobacter in poultry meat. Such intervention measures at slaughter and processing level would include general hygienic improvements, technological innovations and/or decontamination measures that are applied at single slaughter or processing steps. In particular, approaches that do not focus on a single intervention measure would need to be based on a thorough process of evaluation, and potential combinatory effects have to be modeled and tested. Finally, the education of all stakeholders (including retailers, food handlers and consumers) is required and will help to increase awareness for the presence of foodborne pathogens in raw meat and meat products and can thus aid in the development of the required good kitchen hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Alter
- Center for Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Free University Berlin, Koenigsweg 69, Berlin, 14163, Germany.
| | - Felix Reich
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
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19
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Ramires T, de Oliveira MG, Kleinubing NR, de Fátima Rauber Würfel S, Mata MM, Iglesias MA, Lopes GV, Dellagostin OA, da Silva WP. Genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence genes of thermophilic Campylobacter isolated from broiler production chain. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:2021-2032. [PMID: 32514993 PMCID: PMC7688733 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter in the broiler production chain of southern Brazil, by evaluating broiler farms and slaughter line samples, and to determine the genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence genes of the isolates. Of the 140 samples investigated in this study, 75 (53.6%) were positive for thermophilic Campylobacter, and all isolates were identified by phenotypic and molecular tests as C. jejuni. The resistance to nalidixic acid was the most common (74%), followed by resistance to enrofloxacin (67.3%) and ciprofloxacin (37.1%). However, there was no resistance to the macrolides tested which are recommended for the treatment of human campylobacteriosis. The PFGE showed that the isolates were grouped in eight macrorestriction patterns (P1 to P8). A representative isolate of each macrorestriction pattern was investigated for the presence of virulence genes and all isolates carried the cadF, ciaB, cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, and flaA genes. The dnaJ gene was detected in 87.5% (7/8) of the isolates. The flhA and racR genes were detected in 75% (6/8), while the pldA gene was present in 62.5% (5/8) and the wlaN gene in 25% (2/8). The presence of C. jejuni in broiler farms and in the slaughterhouse is a hazard to consumer given that this pathogen can be maintained throughout the broiler production chain and contaminates the final product. Moreover, the presence of the major virulence genes in the isolates demonstrates that they have the ability to develop campylobacteriosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassiana Ramires
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mauricéia Greici de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Natalie Rauber Kleinubing
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Magalhães Mata
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Graciela Volz Lopes
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Wladimir Padilha da Silva
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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20
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Assessing Campylobacter Colonization of Broiler Herds Ante Mortem and Monitoring Campylobacter Contamination Post Mortem by qPCR. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090742. [PMID: 32927630 PMCID: PMC7559911 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human campylobacteriosis is the most prevalent zoonosis, with chicken meat contributing substantially to the number of cases. Measures to avoid or at least reduce exposure by meat contaminated with Campylobacter (C.) spp. are needed. With regard to the process hygiene criterion introduced in 2018 for Campylobacter spp. on broiler carcasses, we evaluated the performance of a recently developed quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for C. jejuni/coli on random caecal samples and chicken meat. With the qPCR on pooled caecal samples not only C. jejuni/coli positive (69.6%) versus negative broiler herds (30.4%) were identified, but herds highly colonized with C. jejuni/coli (39.4%) could also be identified. From the chicken meat samples, 8.0% were positive for C. jejuni/coli by qPCR and 0.7% by enumeration (>10 cfu/g) compared to 58.3% using cultural enrichment. Given the higher sensitivity, the qPCR method could replace the currently used enumeration method to assess the process hygiene criterion for Campylobacter spp. on broiler carcasses. Moreover, with the qPCR, a reliable identification of C. jejuni/coli colonized incoming broiler herds a few days before slaughter is feasible, which provides important information to optimize slaughter processes. Finally, identifying and monitoring herds with high C. jejuni/coli colonization rates could help to individually improve biosecurity measures at farm level, eventually reducing the C. jejuni/coli load on chicken meat.
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21
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Babacan O, Harris SA, Pinho RM, Hedges A, Jørgensen F, Corry JEL. Factors affecting the species of Campylobacter colonizing chickens reared for meat. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:1071-1078. [PMID: 32248631 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate factors influencing Campylobacter spp. colonization of broiler chickens. METHODS AND RESULTS Campylobacters were isolated from caeca from 319 flocks of two different breeds (199 Cobb and 120 Hubbard), reared as standard (199), Freedom Food/corn fed (57), free-range (47) or organic (16). The standard category exclusively used Cobb birds slaughtered at 38-41 days. The Freedom Food/corn-fed and free-range Hubbard birds were slaughtered at 49-56 days and the organic flocks at 70 days. Campylobacters were picked at random from direct plates. Both breed of chicken (Hubbard) and age at slaughter were independently associated with increased likelihood of colonization by Campylobacter coli rather than Campylobacter jejuni, but breed could not be separated from other aspects of husbandry with the data available. CONCLUSIONS Chickens are frequently colonized by C. jejuni and C. coli and most human infections originate from poultry. In most developed countries approximately 90% of human infections are caused by C. jejuni, but fewer than 10% by C. coli. This might be due to C. coli being less pathogenic than C. jejuni to humans, and/or to chicken meat carrying fewer C. coli than C. jejuni. More investigations are needed into these aspects before it can be concluded that slaughtering older birds from slower-growing breeds would reduce the risk of human Campylobacter disease. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Meat from certain breeds of poultry are predominantly colonized by C. coli rather than C. jejuni. More research is needed to understand the impact this may have on the number and severity of human campylobacter infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Babacan
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Veterinary Science, Kepsut Vocational School, Balıkesir University, Kepsut, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - S A Harris
- Foodborne Zoonoses Unit, Health Protection Agency, School of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R M Pinho
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A Hedges
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - F Jørgensen
- Foodborne Zoonoses Unit, Health Protection Agency, School of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J E L Corry
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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22
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Soro AB, Whyte P, Bolton DJ, Tiwari BK. Strategies and novel technologies to control Campylobacter in the poultry chain: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1353-1377. [PMID: 33337085 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide causing economic costs. The high prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in poultry meat is a result of several contamination and cross-contamination sources through the production chain. Moreover, survival mechanisms, such as biofilm formation, viable but nonculturable state, and antimicrobial resistance, enable its persistence during food processing. Therefore, mitigation strategies are necessary in order to avoid and/or inactivate Campylobacter at farm, abattoir, industry, and retail level. In this review, a number of potential strategies and novel technologies that could reduce the prevalence of Campylobacter in poultry meat have been identified and evaluated to provide a useful overview. At farm level for instance, biosecurity, bacteriocins, probiotics, feed and water additives, bacteriophages, and vaccination could potentially reduce colonization in chicken flocks. However, current technologies used in the chicken slaughter and processing industry may be less effective against this foodborne pathogen. Novel technologies and strategies such as cold plasma, ultraviolet light, high-intensity light pulses, pulsed electric fields, antimicrobials, and modified atmosphere packaging are discussed in this review for reducing Campylobacter contamination. Although these measures have achieved promising results, most have not been integrated within processing operations due to a lack of knowledge or an unwillingness to implement these into existing processing systems. Furthermore, a combination of existing and novel strategies might be required to decrease the prevalence of this pathogen in poultry meat and enhance food safety. Therefore, further research will be essential to assess the effectiveness of all these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo B Soro
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland.,UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Paul Whyte
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Declan J Bolton
- Department of Food Safety, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland
| | - Brijesh K Tiwari
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland
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23
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Mendes ÂJ, Santos-Ferreira NL, Costa FM, Lopes EP, Freitas-Silva J, Inácio ÂS, Moreira F, Martins da Costa P. External contamination of broilers by Campylobacter spp. increases from the farm to the slaughterhouse. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:400-407. [PMID: 32106712 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1736264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
1. In this study, classical and molecular microbiological methods for detection and quantification of Campylobacter spp. were used to estimate their prevalence in faecal samples and skin swabs collected from 31 broiler flocks (20 farms) in Portugal, and measure the impact of transport-related factors on the expected rising excretion rates from the farm to the slaughterhouse. 2. Data on husbandry practices and transport conditions were gathered, including time in transit, distance travelled or ante-mortem plant-holding time. 3. A generalised linear mixed model was used to evaluate the significance of a potential post-transport rise in Campylobacter spp. counts and to assess risk determinants. 4. At least one flock tested positive for Campylobacter spp. in 80% of the sampled farms. At the slaughterhouse, Campylobacter spp. were detected in all faecal samples, C. jejuni being the most commonly isolated. 5. A post-transport rise of Campylobacter spp. counts from skin swabs was observed using classical microbiological methods (from a mean of 1.43 to 2.40 log10 CFU/cm2) and molecular techniques (from a mean of 2.64 to 3.31 log10 genome copies/cm2). 6. None of the husbandry practices or transport-related factors were found to be associated with Campylobacter spp. counts. 7. This study highlights the need for more research to better understand the multi-factorial nature of Campylobacter spp., a public health threat that was found to be highly prevalent in a sample of Portuguese poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Â J Mendes
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - N L Santos-Ferreira
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - F M Costa
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - E P Lopes
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - J Freitas-Silva
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal.,CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto , Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Â S Inácio
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - F Moreira
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal.,Animal Science and Study Centre (CECA), Food and Agrarian Sciences and Technologies Institute (ICETA), University of Porto (UP) , Porto, Portugal
| | - P Martins da Costa
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto , Porto, Portugal.,CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto , Matosinhos, Portugal
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24
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Rasschaert G, De Zutter L, Herman L, Heyndrickx M. Campylobacter contamination of broilers: the role of transport and slaughterhouse. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 322:108564. [PMID: 32163798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter is one of the most important causative agents of foodborne illnesses worldwide. The poultry reservoir is the main source of Campylobacter. Within the broiler production chain, campylobacters can only multiply in the chicken's intestinal tract. Intervention at farm level to reduce Campylobacter is thus preferred, but despite extensive study, no highly effective solutions have been found to combat Campylobacter at farm level. Slaughterhouses are experiencing great pressure to deliver carcasses with low Campylobacter contamination even when they receive and slaughter Campylobacter colonized flocks. Since 2018, a process hygiene criterion (EU 2017/1495) with the critical limit of <1000 cfu/g neck skin has been implemented in EU Member States based on the calculation done at the time of the study that human campylobacteriosis cases could be halved if all carcasses would comply with a criterion of <1000 cfu/g neck skin. This review covers Campylobacter contamination of broiler carcasses from transport through the different slaughter steps. Possible intervention methods during slaughter are discussed with a focus on the European situation, where chemicals are not allowed to disinfect carcasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geertrui Rasschaert
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology & Food Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium.
| | - Lieven De Zutter
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lieve Herman
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology & Food Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - Marc Heyndrickx
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology & Food Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium; Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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25
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Igwaran A, I. Okoh A. Campylobacteriosis Agents in Meat Carcasses Collected from Two District Municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Foods 2020; 9:E203. [PMID: 32079101 PMCID: PMC7074574 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Raw meats are sometimes contaminated with Campylobacter species from animal faeces, and meats have repeatedly been implicated in foodborne infections. This study evaluated the prevalence, virulence genes, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and resistance gene determinants in Campylobacter species isolated from retailed meat carcasses. A total of 248 raw meat samples were collected from butcheries, supermarkets, and open markets; processed for enrichment in Bolton broth; and incubated at 42 °C for 48 h in 10% CO2. Thereafter, the broths were streaked on modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) plates and incubated at the same conditions and for the same amount of time. After incubation, colonies were isolated and confirmed by Polymerase chain reaction using specific oligonucleotide sequences used for the identification of the genus Campylobacter, species, and their virulence markers. The patterns of antimicrobial resistance profiles of the identified isolates were studied by disk diffusion method against 12 antibiotics, and relevant resistance genes were assessed by PCR. From culture, 845 presumptive Campylobacter isolates were obtained, of which 240 (28.4%) were identified as genus Campylobacter. These were then characterised into four species, of which C. coli had the highest prevalence rate (22.08%), followed by C. jejuni (16.66%) and C. fetus (3.73%). The virulence genes detected included iam (43.14%), cadF (37.25%), cdtB (23.53%), flgR (18.63%), and flaA (1.96%), and some of the isolates co-harboured two to four virulence genes. Of the 12 antibiotics tested, the highest phenotypic resistance displayed by Campylobacter isolates was against clindamycin (100%), and the lowest level of resistance was observed against imipenem (23.33%). The frequency of resistance genes detected included catll (91.78%), tetA (68.82%), gyra (61.76%), ampC (55%), aac(3)-IIa (aacC2)a (40.98%), tetM (38.71%), ermB (18.29%), tetB (12.90%), and tetK (2.15%). There is a high incidence of Campylobacter species in meat carcasses, suggesting these to be a reservoir of campylobacteriosis agents in this community, and as such, consumption of undercooked meats in this community is a potential health risk to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboi Igwaran
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony I. Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
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Santos RA, Garcia RG, Gandra ERS, Burbarelli MFC, Muchon JL, Caldara FR. Carcass Washing as an Alternative to Trimming - Is It Possible to Use Carcass Washing as an Alternative to Trimming in Commercial Broiler Slaughterhouses in Brazil? BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RA Santos
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Brazil
| | - RG Garcia
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Brazil
| | - ERS Gandra
- Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Brasil
| | | | - JL Muchon
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Brazil
| | - FR Caldara
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Brazil
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Han X, Guan X, Zeng H, Li J, Huang X, Wen Y, Zhao Q, Huang X, Yan Q, Huang Y, Cao S, Wu R, Ma X, Zou L. Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profiles and virulence-associated genes of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. isolated from ducks in a Chinese slaughterhouse. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Wijnen LI, Biasino W, Verbeke W, De Zutter L, Seliwiorstow T, Van Damme I. Attitudes and opinions of the abattoir sector toward the control and prevention of microbiological foodborne pathogens. J Food Saf 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lena I. Wijnen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food SafetyGhent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Wauter Biasino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food SafetyGhent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Wim Verbeke
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Agricultural EconomicsGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Lieven De Zutter
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food SafetyGhent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Tomasz Seliwiorstow
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food SafetyGhent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Inge Van Damme
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food SafetyGhent University Merelbeke Belgium
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Perez-Arnedo I, Gonzalez-Fandos E. Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in Poultry in Three Spanish Farms, A Slaughterhouse and A Further Processing Plant. Foods 2019; 8:E111. [PMID: 30917510 PMCID: PMC6463054 DOI: 10.3390/foods8030111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in a selection of poultry flocks and the corresponding broiler carcasses as well as the possible impact of contamination during slaughter and processing. Samples of the same flock at different ages in three farms (A, B and C) were taken for the determination of Campylobacter spp. The same broiler flocks were examined at different stages of one slaughterhouse and at a further processing plant. The slaughterhouse environment and processing equipment were sampled. Campylobacter spp. was not detected in 7 and 14-day-old broilers in any of the three farms studied. However, Campylobacter spp. was detected in 35 and 42-day-old broilers at two farms (Farm A and B). This pathogen was detected in both dirty and clean transport crates, in scalding water, and on the defeathering machine and the working table at the end of the working day, but not at the beginning. After defeathering, Campylobacter spp. was detected in all of the sampled carcasses. Campylobacter spp. was detected in all of the carcasses and the poultry meat portion samples from Farm C, although it was not detected at the farm level. This suggests that Campylobacter spp. infected flocks may be a source of these bacteria in the corresponding carcasses, but a cross-contamination during the transportation and slaughter process is also very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iratxe Perez-Arnedo
- Food Technology Department, CIVA Research Center, University of La Rioja, 26006 La Rioja, Spain.
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Fandos
- Food Technology Department, CIVA Research Center, University of La Rioja, 26006 La Rioja, Spain.
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31
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Lamas A, Regal P, Vázquez B, Miranda JM, Cepeda A, Franco CM. Salmonella and Campylobacter biofilm formation: a comparative assessment from farm to fork. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:4014-4032. [PMID: 29424050 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It takes several steps to bring food from the farm to the fork (dining table), and contamination with food-borne pathogens can occur at any point in the process. Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. are the main microorganisms responsible for foodborne disease in the EU. These two pathogens are able to persist throughout the food supply chain thanks to their ability to form biofilms. Owing to the high prevalence of Salmonella and especially of Campylobacter in the food supply chain and the huge efforts of food authorities to reduce these levels, it is of great importance to fully understand their mechanisms of persistence. Diverse studies have evaluated the biofilm-forming capacity of foodborne pathogens isolated at different steps of food production. Nonetheless, the principal obstacle of these studies is to reproduce the real conditions that microorganisms encounter in the food supply chain. While there are a wide number of Salmonella biofilm studies, information on Campylobacter biofilms is still limited. A comparison between the two microorganisms could help to develop new research in the field of Campylobacter biofilms. Therefore, this review evaluates relevant work in the field of Salmonella and Campylobacter biofilms and the applicability of the data obtained from these studies to real working conditions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lamas
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Patricia Regal
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - José M Miranda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos M Franco
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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Gaucher ML, Thibodeau A, Fravalo P, Archambault M, Arsenault J, Fournaise S, Letellier A, Quessy S. Broiler chicken carcasses and their associated abattoirs as a source of enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens: Prevalence and critical steps for contamination. AIMS Microbiol 2018; 4:439-454. [PMID: 31294226 PMCID: PMC6604940 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2018.3.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens ranks among the three most frequent bacterial pathogens causing human foodborne diseases in Canada, and poultry meat products are identified as a source of infection for humans. The objective of the current study was to estimate the proportion of broiler chicken flocks, carcasses and various environmental samples from critical locations of the slaughter plant positive for the presence of C. perfringens enterotoxin encoding gene (cpe). From the 16 visits conducted, 25% of the 79 flocks sampled, 10% of the 379 carcasses sampled and 5% of the 217 environmental samples collected were found positive for cpe. The proportion of cpe-positive carcasses was statistically different between surveyed plants, with 17.0% for one abattoir and 2.2% for the other. For the most contaminated plant, cpe-positive carcasses were identified at each step of the processing line, with prevalence varying between 10.0% and 25.0%, whereas this prevalence varied between 0% and 25.0% for the environmental surfaces sampled. Based on the results obtained, enterotoxigenic C. perfringens strains could potentially represent a risk for the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Lou Gaucher
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.,Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie Archambault
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Arsenault
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Fournaise
- Olymel S.E.C./L.P., Québec, Canada, 2200 Avenue Léon-Pratte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Ann Letellier
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.,Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Quessy
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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Quantification of the Campylobacter contamination on broiler carcasses during the slaughter of Campylobacter positive flocks in semi-industrialized slaughterhouses. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 269:75-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Castellano P, Pérez Ibarreche M, Blanco Massani M, Fontana C, Vignolo GM. Strategies for Pathogen Biocontrol Using Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Metabolites: A Focus on Meat Ecosystems and Industrial Environments. Microorganisms 2017; 5:E38. [PMID: 28696370 PMCID: PMC5620629 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The globalization of trade and lifestyle ensure that the factors responsible for the emergence of diseases are more present than ever. Despite biotechnology advancements, meat-based foods are still under scrutiny because of the presence of pathogens, which causes a loss of consumer confidence and consequently a fall in demand. In this context, Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) as GRAS organisms offer an alternative for developing pathogen-free foods, particularly avoiding Listeria monocytogenes, with minimal processing and fewer additives while maintaining the foods' sensorial characteristics. The use of LAB strains, enabling us to produce antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins) in addition to lactic acid, with an impact on quality and safety during fermentation, processing, and/or storage of meat and ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products, constitutes a promising tool. A number of bacteriocin-based strategies including the use of bioprotective cultures, purified and/or semi-purified bacteriocins as well as their inclusion in varied packaging materials under different storage conditions, have been investigated. The application of bacteriocins as part of hurdle technology using non-thermal technologies was explored for the preservation of RTE meat products. Likewise, considering that food contamination with L. monocytogenes is a consequence of the post-processing manipulation of RTE foods, the role of bacteriocinogenic LAB in the control of biofilms formed on industrial surfaces is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Castellano
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET, Chacabuco 145, Tucumán T4000ILC, Argentina.
| | - Mariana Pérez Ibarreche
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET, Chacabuco 145, Tucumán T4000ILC, Argentina.
| | - Mariana Blanco Massani
- INTI-Plásticos, Gral Paz 5445 e/Constituyentes y Albarelos, B1650KNA Gral, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Cecilia Fontana
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria INTA-EEA, Ruta Provincial 301 Km 32, Famaillá 4132, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Graciela M Vignolo
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), CONICET, Chacabuco 145, Tucumán T4000ILC, Argentina.
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