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Ghoreyshizadeh E, Manouchehrifar M, Ramazanzadeh R, Peeri Doghaheh H, Amani M, Arzanlou M. Occurrence and Characteristics of Toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in Retail Foods in Iran. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024; 21:331-338. [PMID: 38346315 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes various toxigenic and invasive diseases in humans worldwide. This study examined the prevalence, virulence genes, and antibiotic resistance of S. aureus isolates collected from 894 retail food samples in Ardabil, Iran. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), spa, and multilocus sequence typing methods were employed to further investigate the molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates. The results revealed that 11.18% (n = 100) of food samples exhibited contamination with S. aureus (10.50% methicillin-sensitive S. aureus [MSSA] and 0.67% MRSA). Notably, raw minced meat (29.41%), Faloodeh (25%), and Olivier salad (21.42%) emerged as the most frequently contaminated food items. Among the 100 isolates of S. aureus, 94% were characterized as MSSA, with the remaining 6% identified as MRSA. The highest resistance was observed for penicillin (12%). MRSA isolates exhibited significantly higher resistance rates. Seventy-nine percent of the isolates were positive for sea, 14% for seb, 8% for a sec, and 0% for sed enterotoxin-encoding genes. Sixteen percent of isolates harbored two or more staphylococcal enterotoxin genes, simultaneously. Moreover, 97%, 94%, 24%, and 22% of isolates were positive for hla, hld, tst, and pvl virulence-encoding genes, respectively. No isolate was positive for the exfoliative toxins encoding eta and etb genes. MRSA isolates belonged to CC8 (n = 4) and CC22 (n = 2). Isolates in CC8 belonged to lineage ST239-MRSA-III and spa type t030; the isolates in CC22 belonged to ST22-MRSA-IV and spa types t310 and t223. In conclusion, a relatively high proportion of our retail food samples were contaminated with S. aureus. The high incidence of isolates with toxigenic genes raises serious health concerns. Furthermore, the presence of MRSA lineages linked to humans suggests that retail foods may be contaminated with human origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Ghoreyshizadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Meysam Manouchehrifar
- Food Control Laboratory, Deputy of Food and Drug, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Rashid Ramazanzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hadi Peeri Doghaheh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Amani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohsen Arzanlou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Xiao X, He M, Ma L, Lv W, Huang K, Yang H, Li Y, Zou L, Xiao Y, Wang W. Insights into microbial contamination and antibiotic resistome traits in pork wholesale market: An evaluation of the disinfection effect of sodium hypochlorite. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133811. [PMID: 38382341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Chlorine and its derivatives, such as sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and chlorine dioxide, are frequently employed as disinfectants throughout the pork supply chain in China. Nevertheless, the extensive use of NaClO has the potential to cause the creation of 'chlorine-tolerant bacteria' and accelerate the evolution of antibiotic resistance. This study evaluated the efficacy of NaClO disinfection by examining alterations in the microbiome and resistome of a pork wholesale market (PWM), and bacteria isolation and analysis were performed to validate the findings. As expected, the taxonomic compositions of bacteria was significantly different before and after disinfection. Notably, Salmonella enterica (S. enterica), Salmonella bongori (S. bongori), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) were observed on all surfaces, indicating that the application of NaClO disinfection treatment in PWM environments for pathogenic bacteria is limited. Correlations were identified between antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) associated with aminoglycosides (aph(3'')-I, aph(6')-I), quinolone (qnrB, abaQ), polymyxin (arnA, mcr-4) and disinfectant resistance genes (emrA/BD, mdtA/B/C/E/F). Furthermore, correlations were found between risk Rank I ARGs associated with aminoglycoside (aph(3')-I), tetracycline (tetH), beta_lactam (TEM-171), and disinfectant resistance genes (mdtB/C/E/F, emrA, acrB, qacG). Importantly, we found that Acinetobacter and Salmonella were the main hosts of disinfectant resistance genes. The resistance mechanisms of the ARGs identified in PWM were dominated by antibiotic deactivation (38.7%), antibiotic efflux (27.2%), and antibiotic target protection (14.4%). The proportion of genes encoding efflux pumps in the PWM resistome increased after disinfection. Microbial cultures demonstrated that the traits of microbial contamination and antibiotic resistane were consistent with those observed by metagenomic sequencing. This study highlights the possibility of cross-resistance between NaClO disinfectants and antibiotics, which should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingning Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao He
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China; College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lingyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang Huang
- Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Likou Zou
- College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yingping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
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Moges M, Rodland EK, Legesse T, Argaw A. Antibiotic resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacteriaceae isolated from street foods in selected towns of Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:367. [PMID: 38566010 PMCID: PMC10986114 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Street foods are any foods or drinks prepared or sold by street vendors in an open space. The purpose of this study was to determine the Bacteriological safety and antibiotic resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacteriaceae isolated from street foods. METHOD A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was used from December 2022 to February 2023 on street foods of Addis Ababa, Hawassa, Dire Dawa, and Jimma towns of Ethiopia. 525 street foods and 175 water samples were taken from 175 street food vending stalls. Proportional allocation to the total town population and stratified sampling techniques were used to select vending stalls. Samples were analyzed for the presence of bacteria following the standard microbiological methods used for the isolation, enumeration, and identification of bacteria. Pour plate technique was used to transfer the suspension to MacConkey agar, Mannitol Salt Agar, and Salmonella Shigella Agar. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. RESULT Out of 525 food samples, 279 (53%) were contaminated by bacteria. From 175 water samples, 95 (54.3%) were contaminated with Escherichia coli. From both samples in total, eleven bacterial species were isolated. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated species. Shigella, Klebsiella, and Salmonella group A have statistically significant with the type of food. Erythromycin (54%), Streptomycin (17%), and Amoxicillin (14%) were the most resistant antibiotics. Least resistance was observed to Ciprofloxacin (5%). CONCLUSION Street foods of the selected towns were highly contaminated with various antibiotic-resistant organisms. Hence, the relevant authorities ought to ensure the proper handling of street food by enforcing safety measures. Additionally, they should initiate a widespread awareness campaign promoting the prudent use of antibiotics among both street food vendors and the broader population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathewos Moges
- Environmental Health Science and Technology Department, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | | | | | - Ambelu Argaw
- Division of Water and Health, Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Abeba University, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia
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González J, Hernandez L, Tabera A, Bustamante AV, Sanso AM. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus from School Dining Rooms in Argentina. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024; 21:44-51. [PMID: 37855916 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) constitutes an important cause for concern in the field of public health, and the role of the food chain in the transmission of this pathogen and in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has not yet been defined. The objectives of this work were to isolate and characterize coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (CoPS) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS), particularly S. aureus, from school dining rooms located in Argentina. From 95 samples that were obtained from handlers, inert surfaces, food, and air in 10 establishments, 30 Staphylococcus strains were isolated. Four isolates were S. aureus, and the remaining ones (N = 26) belonged to 11 coagulase-negative species (CoNS). The isolates were tested for susceptibility to nine antibiotics. The presence of genes encoding toxins (luk-PV, sea, seb, sec, sed, and see), adhesins (icaA, icaD), and genes that confer resistance to methicillin (mecA) and vancomycin (vanA) was investigated. The resistance rates measured for penicillin, cefoxitin, gentamicin, vancomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, levofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline were 73%, 30%, 13%, 3%, 33%, 17%, 13%, 7%, and 7% of the isolates, respectively. Seventeen AMR profiles were detected, and 11 isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). Seven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus isolates were detected in the hands of handlers from four establishments, two of them were MRSA. Two S. aureus isolates presented icaA and icaD, another one, only icaD. The gene vanA was found in two isolates. In relation to S. aureus, resistance to vancomycin but not to gentamicin was detected. School feeding plays a key role in the nutrition of children, and the consumption of food contaminated with MRSA and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) can be a serious threat to health. In particular, it was detected that the handlers were the source of MRSA, VRSA, MR-CoNS (methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus), and MDR isolates. The results obtained indicate that the vigilance of this pathogen in school dining rooms should be extreme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana González
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de los Alimentos, Departamento de Tecnología y Calidad de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Hernandez
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anahí Tabera
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de los Alimentos, Departamento de Tecnología y Calidad de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Victoria Bustamante
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Mariel Sanso
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Gunjan, Himanshu, Mukherjee R, Vidic J, Manzano M, Leal E, Raj VS, Pandey RP, Chang CM. Comparative meta-analysis of antimicrobial resistance from different food sources along with one health approach in the Egypt and UK. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:291. [PMID: 37845637 PMCID: PMC10578024 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global issue that poses significant threats to human health, animal welfare, and the environment. With the increasing emergence of resistant microorganisms, the effectiveness of current antimicrobial medicines against common infections is diminishing. This study aims to conduct a competitive meta-analysis of surveillance data on resistant microorganisms and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in two countries, Egypt and the United Kingdom (UK). METHODS Data for this study were obtained from published reports spanning the period from 2013 to 2022. In Egypt and the UK, a total of 9,751 and 10,602 food samples were analyzed, respectively. Among these samples, 3,205 (32.87%) in Egypt and 4,447 (41.94%) in the UK were found to contain AMR bacteria. RESULTS In Egypt, the predominant resistance was observed against β-lactam and aminoglycosides, while in the United Kingdom, most isolates exhibited resistance to tetracycline and β-lactam. The findings from the analysis underscore the increasing prevalence of AMR in certain microorganisms, raising concerns about the development of multidrug resistance. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis sheds light on the escalating AMR problem associated with certain microorganisms that pose a higher risk of multidrug resistance development. The significance of implementing One Health AMR surveillance is emphasized to bridge knowledge gaps and facilitate accurate AMR risk assessments, ensuring consumer safety. Urgent actions are needed on a global scale to combat AMR and preserve the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments for the well-being of all living beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
- Master & Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Industry, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Himanshu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
- Master & Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Industry, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Riya Mukherjee
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
- Master & Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Industry, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jasmina Vidic
- Université Paris-Saclay, Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marisa Manzano
- Department of Agriculture Food Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Elcio Leal
- Laboratório de Diversidade Viral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belem, Pará, 66075-000, Brazil
| | - V Samuel Raj
- School of Health Sciences and Technology (SoHST), UPES, Bidholi, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ramendra Pati Pandey
- School of Health Sciences and Technology (SoHST), UPES, Bidholi, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Chung-Ming Chang
- Master & Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Industry, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1St Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.
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Hu Y, Zheng Z, Tang J, Xu W, Zhu W, Zhang W. Letter to the Editor: Pigeon's Gift: Enterococcus gallinarum Left Lower Limb Extensive Skin Ulcers. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2023; 24:755-756. [PMID: 37195678 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2023.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Hu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Zheng
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Tang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihan Zhu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Morshdy AEMA, Abdallah KME, Abdallah HE, Algahtani FD, Elabbasy MT, Atique S, Ahmad K, Al-Najjar MAA, Abdallah HM, Mahmoud AFA. Potential of Natural Phenolic Compounds as Antimicrobial Agents against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Chicken Meat. Molecules 2023; 28:6742. [PMID: 37764518 PMCID: PMC10535414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most widespread foodborne bacteria that cause high morbidity, mortality, and economic loss, primarily if foodborne diseases are caused by pathogenic and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of S. aureus in chicken meat in Egyptian markets. Thus, this study might be the first to assess the efficiency of different natural phenolic compounds as novel antibacterial agents against MDR S. aureus pathogens isolated from raw chicken meat in the Egyptian market. The incidence and quantification of pathogenic S. aureus were detected in retail raw chicken meat parts (breast, thigh, fillet, and giblets). In total, 73 out of 80 (91.3%) of the chicken meat parts were contaminated, with S. aureus as the only species isolated. Of the 192 identified S. aureus isolates, 143 were coagulase-positive S. aureus and 117 isolates were MDR (81.8%, 117/143). Twenty-two antibiotic resistance profile patterns were detected. One strain was randomly selected from each pattern to further analyze virulence and resistance genes. Extracted DNA was assessed for the presence of antibiotic-resistance genes, i.e., vancomycin-resistance (vanA), aminoglycosides-resistance (aacA-aphD), apramycin-resistance (apmA), and methicillin-resistance (mecA), penicillin-resistance (blaZ), and virulence genes staphylococcal enterotoxins (sea and seb), Panton-Valentine leucocidin (pvl), clumping factor A (clfA), and toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst). Clustering analyses revealed that six S. aureus strains harbored the most virulence and resistance genes. The activity of hydroquinone was significantly higher than thymol, carvacrol, eugenol, and protocatechuic acid. Therefore, phenolic compounds, particularly hydroquinone, could potentially alternate with conventional antibiotics against the pathogenic MDR S. aureus inhabiting raw chicken meat. Hence, this study indicates that urgent interventions are necessary to improve hygiene for safer meat in Egyptian markets. Moreover, hydroquinone could be a natural phenolic compound for inhibiting foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Eldin M. A. Morshdy
- Food Hygiene, Safety, and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.E.M.A.M.); (H.E.A.)
| | - Karima M. E. Abdallah
- Food Hygiene, Safety, and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.E.M.A.M.); (H.E.A.)
| | - Heba E. Abdallah
- Food Hygiene, Safety, and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.E.M.A.M.); (H.E.A.)
| | - Fahad D. Algahtani
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Hail, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Suleman Atique
- Department of Public Health Science, Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Khursheed Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hossam M. Abdallah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Abdallah Fikry A. Mahmoud
- Food Hygiene, Safety, and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.E.M.A.M.); (H.E.A.)
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Yu S, Zhou Y, Feng D, Jiang Q, Li T, Jiang G, Zhou Z, Li H. Whole genome sequence-based characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance gene profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food poisoning incidents in eastern China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1225472. [PMID: 37795294 PMCID: PMC10546991 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1225472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen occasionally isolated from diarrhea patients. In recent years, increasing studies have reported the detection of S. aureus in food poisoning incidents due to food contamination in the North and South of China. However, the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of S. aureus from food poisoning incidents in Eastern China remain unknown. The present study examined the genetic characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, and virulent factors of multidrug-resistant S. aureus isolated from 22 food poisoning incidents reported by the hospitals and health centers in Eastern China from 2011 to 2021. A total of 117 resistant and enterotoxigenic S. aureus isolates were collected and sequenced, among which 20 isolates were identified as methicillin resistant. Genetic analysis revealed 19 distinct CC/ST types, with CC6, CC22, CC59, CC88, and CC398 being the most frequent variants in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). A considerable shift in CC types from CC1 to CC398 between 2011 and 2021 was observed in this study, indicating that CC398 may be the main epidemic strain circulating in the current food poisoning incidents. Additionally, genes for enterotoxins were detected in 55 isolates, with a prevalence of 27.8% (27/97) for methicillin-sensitive variants and 35.0% (7/20) for MRSA. The scn gene was detected in 59.0% of the isolates, demonstrating diverse contaminations of S. aureus among livestock-to-human transmission. Of the 117 isolates, only ten isolates displayed multi-drug resistance (MDR) to penicillin, tetracycline, and macrolides. None of the 117 foodborne S. aureus isolates tested positive for vanA in this study. Together, the present study provided phylogenetic characteristics of S. aureus from food poisoning incidents that emerged in Eastern China from 2011 to 2021. Our results suggested that these diarrhea episodes were hypotonic and merely transient low-MDR infections, however, further research for continued surveillance given the detection of virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants is required to elucidate the genomic characteristics of pathogenic S. aureus in food poisoning incidents in the context of public health.
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Hashempour‐Baltork F, Jannat B, Dadgarnejad M, Mirza Alizadeh A, Khosravi‐Darani K, Hosseini H. Mycoprotein as chicken meat substitute in nugget formulation: Physicochemical and sensorial characterization. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4289-4295. [PMID: 37457149 PMCID: PMC10345705 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to replace chicken breast by mycoprotein in nuggets and optimizing the sensory and technological properties. In the first step of the study, 14 formulations were prepared by mixture design to evaluate the impact of three binding agents (as independent variables): soy protein isolate, phosphate, and carrageenan on sensory properties. Then, the optimized formulation of mycoprotein nugget (with higher acceptability) was characterized and compared to chicken nugget (control) from texture, color, and physicochemical aspects. The texture attributes including hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness of the optimized sample (1.37 kg, 0.70 mm, 0.56, and 0.53 kg.mm) had no significant difference (p > .05) compared to control. Based on the results, optimized sample had a lower lightness and yellowness (a*, b*, and L* were 3.06, 18.62, and 59.23, respectively) rather than the similar value of the control (2.20, 21.27, and 79.10, respectively), which indicated carrageenan did not lead to any significant impact (p > .05) on the color. Also, mycoprotein nugget showed 33% lower cooking loss in comparison to control. Moisture, protein, lipid, and ash in optimized sample were 57.9 ± 1.9, 24.1 ± 1.0, 13.2 ± 1.2, and 2.1 ± 0.5, respectively. Investigation on physicochemical properties shows an acceptable characterization in optimized sample in comparison to control. The results of this study present an opportunity to produce nonmeat nuggets with similar texture and acceptable sensory and technological characteristics by using mycoprotein as meat alternative. The production of mycoprotein is eco-friendly, not dependent on climate (flood and drought) and landscape limitation, which is an important aspect in meat alternatives in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fataneh Hashempour‐Baltork
- Halal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug AdministrationMinistry of Health and Medical EducationTehranIran
| | - Behrooz Jannat
- Halal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug AdministrationMinistry of Health and Medical EducationTehranIran
| | - Manouchehr Dadgarnejad
- Halal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug AdministrationMinistry of Health and Medical EducationTehranIran
| | - Adel Mirza Alizadeh
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public HealthZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
| | - Kianoush Khosravi‐Darani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hedayat Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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10
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Endres CM, Moreira E, de Freitas AB, Castel APD, Graciano F, Mann MB, Frazzon APG, Mayer FQ, Frazzon J. Evaluation of Enterotoxins and Antimicrobial Resistance in Microorganisms Isolated from Raw Sheep Milk and Cheese: Ensuring the Microbiological Safety of These Products in Southern Brazil. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1618. [PMID: 37375120 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study emphasizes the importance of monitoring the microbiological quality of animal products, such as raw sheep's milk and cheese, to ensure food safety. In Brazil, there is currently no legislation governing the quality of sheep's milk and its derivatives. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate: (i) the hygienic-sanitary quality of raw sheep's milk and cheese produced in southern Brazil; (ii) the presence of enterotoxins and Staphylococcus spp. in these products; and (iii) the susceptibility of the isolated Staphylococcus spp. to antimicrobial drugs and the presence of resistance genes. A total of 35 samples of sheep's milk and cheese were examined. The microbiological quality and presence of enterotoxins were accessed using Petrifilm and VIDAS SET2 methods, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted using VITEK 2 equipment and the disc diffusion method. The presence of resistance genes tet(L), sul1, sul2, ermB, tetM, AAC(6)', tetW, and strA were evaluated through PCR. In total, 39 Staphylococcus spp. were obtained. The resistance genes tetM, ermB, strA, tetL, sul1, AAC(6)', and sul2 were detected in 82%, 59%, 36%, 28%, 23%, 3%, and 3% of isolates, respectively. The findings revealed that both raw sheep's milk and cheese contained Staphylococcus spp. that exhibited resistance to antimicrobial drugs and harbored resistance genes. These results underscore the immediate need for specific legislation in Brazil to regulate the production and sale of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Creciana M Endres
- Department of Food Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
- SENAI/SC University Center, UniSENAI-Campus Blumenau, Blumenau 89036-256, SC, Brazil
| | - Eliana Moreira
- SENAI/SC University Center, UniSENAI-Campus Chapecó, Chapecó 89813-000, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fábio Graciano
- Senior Field Application Specialist-Industry, BioMérieux Brasil SA, Indianópolis 04028-001, SP, Brazil
| | - Michele B Mann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula G Frazzon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Q Mayer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
| | - Jeverson Frazzon
- Department of Food Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
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11
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Zhou W, Wen H, Hao G, Zhang YS, Yang J, Gao L, Zhu G, Yang ZQ, Xu X. Surface engineering of magnetic peroxidase mimic using bacteriophage for high-sensitivity/specificity colorimetric determination of Staphylococcus aureus in food. Food Chem 2023; 426:136611. [PMID: 37356237 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we proposed surface engineering of magnetic peroxidase mimic using bacteriophage by electrostatic interaction to prepare bacteriophage SapYZU15 modified Fe3O4 (SapYZU15@Fe3O4) for colorimetric determination of S. aureus in food. SapYZU15@Fe3O4 exhibits peroxidase-like activity, catalyzing 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) chromogenic reaction. After introducing S. aureus, peroxidase-like activity of SapYZU15@Fe3O4 was specifically inhibited, resulting in deceleration of TMB chromogenic reaction. This phenomenon benefits from the presence of unique tail protein gene in the bacteriophage SapYZU15 genome, leading to a specific biological interaction between S. aureus and SapYZU15. On basis of this principle, SapYZU15@Fe3O4 can be employed for colorimetric determination of S. aureus with a limiting detection (LOD), calculated as low as 1.2 × 102 CFU mL-1. With this proposed method, colorimetric detection of S. aureus in food was successfully achieved. This portends that surface engineering of nanozymes using bacteriophage has great potential in the field of colorimetric detection of pathogenic bacterium in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Hua Wen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guijie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Quality Improvement and Processing Technology, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan-Song Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juanli Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Gao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Zhen-Quan Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xuechao Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Cheng C, Jiang T, Zhang D, Wang H, Fang T, Li C. Attachment characteristics and kinetics of biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus on ready-to-eat cooked beef contact surfaces. J Food Sci 2023. [PMID: 37161489 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a food-borne pathogen that quickly forms biofilm on meat contact surfaces and thus poses a serious threat to the safety of the meat industry. This study evaluated the attachment, survival, and growth of S. aureus biofilm with exposure to environmental factors in the meat industry by simulated ready-to-eat (RTE) cooked beef product contamination scenarios. The results indicated that the meat-borne S. aureus biofilm formation dynamic could be divided into four different phases: initial adhesion (4-12 h), exponential (12-24 h), slow growth (1-3 days), and stationary (3-7 days). Meat-borne S. aureus has strong adhesion and biofilm formation ability, and its biofilm exhibits persistence, high-intensity metabolic activity, aerotaxis, and strain heterogeneity. This study has also demonstrated that in the long-term existence of meat-borne S. aureus biofilm on stainless steel and plexiglass surfaces (>7 days, 7.2-8.8 log CFU/cm2 ), expose to RTE cooked beef products, may cause it to become high-risk contaminated food. Meat-borne S. aureus that forms a dense and rough concave-convex in the shape of biofilm architecture was observed by scanning electron microscopy, consisting of complex components and adhesion of living and dead cells. This was further confirmed by the meat-borne S. aureus biofilm on the stainless steel surface by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and the dominant peaks in biofilm spectra were mainly associated with proteins, polysaccharides, amino acid residues, and phospholipids (>50%). These findings may help in the identification of the main sources of contamination within the meat industry and the subsequent establishment of strategies for biofilm prevention and removal. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study revealed the meat-borne S. aureus biofilm formation mechanism and found that it exhibited strong colonization and biofilm-forming ability, which can persist on the contact surfaces of ready-to-eat beef products. These initial findings could provide information on the behavior of meat-borne S. aureus biofilm attached to meat contact surfaces under conditions commonly encountered in meat environments, which help to support the determination of the main sources of contamination within the meat industry and the subsequent establishment of strategies for biofilm prevention and removal. It was also helpful in controlling biofilm contamination and improving meat safety to minimize it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuansong Cheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huayan Wang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Fang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- National R&D Center For Vegetable Procession, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changcheng Li
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- National R&D Center For Vegetable Procession, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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13
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Grudlewska-Buda K, Bauza-Kaszewska J, Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N, Budzyńska A, Gospodarek-Komkowska E, Skowron K. Antibiotic Resistance in Selected Emerging Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens-An Issue of Concern? Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050880. [PMID: 37237783 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (AR) and multidrug resistance (MDR) have been confirmed for all major foodborne pathogens: Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Of great concern to scientists and physicians are also reports of antibiotic-resistant emerging food pathogens-microorganisms that have not previously been linked to food contamination or were considered epidemiologically insignificant. Since the properties of foodborne pathogens are not always sufficiently recognized, the consequences of the infections are often not easily predictable, and the control of their activity is difficult. The bacteria most commonly identified as emerging foodborne pathogens include Aliarcobacter spp., Aeromonas spp., Cronobacter spp., Vibrio spp., Clostridioides difficile, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Salmonella enterica, Streptocccus suis, Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori, Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica. The results of our analysis confirm antibiotic resistance and multidrug resistance among the mentioned species. Among the antibiotics whose effectiveness is steadily declining due to expanding resistance among bacteria isolated from food are β-lactams, sulfonamides, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones. Continuous and thorough monitoring of strains isolated from food is necessary to characterize the existing mechanisms of resistance. In our opinion, this review shows the scale of the problem of microbes related to health, which should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska
- Department of Microbiology and Food Technology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Budzyńska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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14
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Zhang X, Yang J, Suo H, Tan J, Zhang Y, Song J. Identification and molecular mechanism of action of antibacterial peptides from Flavourzyme-hydrolyzed yak casein against Staphylococcus aureus. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3779-3790. [PMID: 37105875 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial peptides can be released from yak milk casein. To date, the amino acid sequences and mechanism of action of yak casein-derived antibacterial peptides remain unknown. The current study identified antibacterial peptides from yak casein and their molecular mechanism of action. Our results showed that yak α-casein, β-casein, and κ-casein could be effectively hydrolyzed by Flavourzyme (Solarbio Science and Technology Co. Ltd.), and the 2-h hydrolysate showed the highest antibacterial rate of 43.07 ± 2.59% against Staphylococcus aureus. The 1,000 to 3,000 Da fraction accounted for 23.61% of the 2-h hydrolysate and had an antibacterial rate of 62.64 ± 4.40%. Three novel peptides with antibacterial activity were identified from this fraction, and the β-casein-derived peptide APKHKEMPFPKYP showed the strongest antibacterial effect (half-maximal inhibitory concentration = 0.397 mg/mL). Molecular docking predicted that APKHKEMPFPKYP interacted with 2 important enzymes of Staph. aureus, dihydrofolate reductase and DNA gyrase, through hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding, salt bridge, and π-π stacking interactions. Our findings suggest that the yak casein-derived peptides may serve as a potential source of natural preservatives to inhibit Staph. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilu Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Processing and Storage of Distinct Agricultural Products, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Huayi Suo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiao Tan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiajia Song
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China.
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15
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Zhang F, Wu S, Dai J, Huang J, Zhang J, Zhao M, Rong D, Li Y, Wang J, Chen M, Xue L, Ding Y, Wu Q. The emergence of novel macrolide resistance island in Macrococcus caseolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus of food origin. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 386:110020. [PMID: 36427466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Food-derived Staphylococcaceae species with severe antimicrobial resistance, especially Staphylococcus aureus, is a major threat to public health. Macrococcus caseolyticus (M. caseolyticus) is a member of the Staphylococcaceae family which plays a vital role in fermented products and disease causation in animals. In our previous study, several Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic-resistant island msr (SaRImsr) were found in multidrug-resistant S. aureus. In this study, novel SaRImsr, SaRImsr-III emerged from S. aureus. Another novel SaRImsr-like further emerged in M. caseolyticus from food. These isolates' prevalence and genetic environment were investigated and characterized to understand the distribution and transmission of these novel SaRImsr strains. All SaRImsr-positive S. aureus isolates exhibited a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype, within which a series of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factor genes (VFs) were identified. In addition, three SaRImsr types, SaRImsr-I (15.1 kb), SaRImsr-II (16-17 kb), and SaRImsr-III (18 kb) carrying mef(D)-msr(F), were identified in these isolates' chromosomes. SaRImsr-(I-III) contains a site-specific integrase gene int and operon mef(D)-msr(F). SaRImsr-III has an additional orf3-orf4-IS30 arrangement downstream of mef(D) and msr(F). Moreover, the SaRImsr-like and macrolide-resistant transposon Tn6776 forming a novel mosaic structure coexisted in one M. caseolyticus isolate. Within this mosaic structure, the macrolide-resistant genes mef(D)-msr(F) were absent in SaRImsr-like, whereas an operon, mef(F)-msr(G), was identified in Tn6776. The SaRImsr-(I-III) and SaRImsr-like structure were inserted into the rpsI gene encoding the 30S ribosomal protein S9 in the chromosome. Excision and cyclisation of SaRImsr-III, SaRImsr-like, operon mef(D)-msr(F), and orf3-orf4-IS30 arrangements were confirmed using two-step PCR. This study is the first to report MDR S. aureus harbouring novel SaRImsr-III and M. caseolyticus containing novel mosaic structures isolated from retail foods. Similar SaRImsr-type resistant islands' occurrence and propagation in Staphylococcaceae species require continuous monitoring and investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510070, China; School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510070, China
| | - Jingsha Dai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510070, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510070, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510070, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510070, China
| | - Dongli Rong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510070, China
| | - Yuanyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510432, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510070, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510070, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Qingping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 510070, China.
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16
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Huang Z, Huang Y, Dong Z, Guan P, Wang X, Wang S, Lei M, Suo B. Modelling the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with different levels of resistance to low temperatures in glutinous rice dough. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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17
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Ballah FM, Islam MS, Rana ML, Ullah MA, Ferdous FB, Neloy FH, Ievy S, Sobur MA, Rahman AMMT, Khatun MM, Rahman M, Rahman MT. Virulence Determinants and Methicillin Resistance in Biofilm-Forming Staphylococcus aureus from Various Food Sources in Bangladesh. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11111666. [PMID: 36421310 PMCID: PMC9686753 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The eradication of staphylococcal infections has become more difficult due to the development of antibiotic resistance and virulence in biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus. The presence of the life-threatening zoonotic pathogen, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), in foods indicates a public health issue. This study, therefore, aimed to determine virulence factors and methicillin resistance in biofilm-forming S. aureus isolates from different foods and food handlers. A total of 100 PCR-positive S. aureus isolates (97 biofilm formers and three non-biofilm formers) were screened using the disk diffusion method and PCR assay. By PCR, genes encoding virulence factors, e.g., enterotoxin (sea, 30%, 95% CI: 21.90−39.59%), toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst, 20%, 95% CI: 13.34−28.88%), and Panton−Valentine leukocidin toxin (PVL, 15%, 95% CI: 9.31−23.28%), were detected in the S. aureus isolates. By the disk diffusion method, 100% (95% CI: 96.30−100.00%) of S. aureus isolates were phenotypically MRSA in nature, showing 100% resistance to oxacillin and cefoxitin. Moreover, the methicillin-resistant gene mecA was found in 61 (61%, 95% CI: 51.20−69.98%) MRSA isolates. Furthermore, all the S. aureus isolates were phenotypically resistant to ampicillin and penicillin, 30% to erythromycin, and 11% to gentamycin. Among them, 51% (95% CI: 41.35−60.58%) of S. aureus isolates were phenotypically multidrug-resistant in nature, and the multiple antibiotic resistance index varied from 0.33 to 0.55. Genes encoding resistance to beta-lactams (blaZ, 100%, 95% CI: 96.30−100.00%) and tetracyclines (tetA and tetC, 3%, 95% CI: 0.82−8.45%) were found positive in the S. aureus isolates. Genes encoding virulence determinants and MRSA were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in strong biofilm-forming S. aureus than in moderate and non-biofilm-forming isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Bangladesh to incorporate preliminary data on the occurrence of virulence determinants and methicillin resistance, including resistance to clinically important antibiotics, in biofilm-forming S. aureus isolates from different foods and food handlers in Bangladesh, emphasizing a potential threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Muhammad Ballah
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 840004, Nigeria
| | - Md. Saiful Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Liton Rana
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashek Ullah
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Binte Ferdous
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Fahim Haque Neloy
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Samina Ievy
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdus Sobur
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mst. Minara Khatun
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Marzia Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
- Correspondence:
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18
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Jiang C, Hong J, Meng J, Ou J, Xie Q, Pan Y, Zhao Y, Liu H. Antibacterial activity of essential oils extracted from the unique Chinese spices cassia bark, bay fruits and cloves. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:674. [PMID: 36255521 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spices are widely used in daily life such as diet and have certain activity. Especially in China, spices have been mainly used as condiments for thousands of years in order to improve the sensory quality of food; in addition, they and their derivatives can also be used as preservatives. In this study, three spices with unique Chinese characteristics widely used were selected: cassia bark (bark of Cinnamomum camphora Presl), bay fruits (Laurus nobilis), and cloves (Syzygiumaromaticum). The main components and antibacterial ability of these three spices were analyzed by simulated extraction method. Through headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, it was determined that the main active compounds in the essential oils of cassia bark, bay fruits and cloves were cinnamaldehyde (78.11%), cinnamaldehyde (61.78%) and eugenol (75.23%), respectively. The agar plate diffusion test and the simulated food culture medium experiment confirmed that the essential oils extracted from the three flavors have antibacterial effects on Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria innocua, Listeria welshimeri, Listeria ivanovii, Listeria grayi and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The antibacterial activity of different strains has different optimal extraction conditions. Generally speaking, cinnamon essential oil has the strongest antibacterial activity, while laurel fruit has the lowest antibacterial activity. The study proved the antibacterial activity of these three Chinese-specific spices and provided some new ideas and methods for the subsequent research and preparation of natural food additives and food antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jiaju Hong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Jie Ou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Product on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Qingchao Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Product on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yingjie Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Product on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Product on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Haiquan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Product on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal-Processing Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Belhout C, Elgroud R, Butaye P. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Other Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci and Mammaliicoccus (MRNaS) Associated with Animals and Food Products in Arab Countries: A Review. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070317. [PMID: 35878334 PMCID: PMC9320237 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Staphylococci are present in the microbiota of both humans and animal species, being recognized as the most important opportunistic pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global public health issue presenting a significant risk because it severely limits treatment options. Methicillin resistance in staphylococci (MRS) poses a specific problem as it may cause serious human and animal infections, eventually resulting in death. The increasing observation of MRS in different animal species has raised the concern of their impact on animal health and the potential of zoonotic transmission. The availability of comprehensive data on the ecology and distribution of MRS in animals and food products worldwide is necessary to understand their relevance in the “One Health” domain. However, there is a gap in information in terms of MRS and the Arab countries. Therefore, our study aimed to provide an overview of the situation of MRS in these countries by reviewing the available data on livestock and animal products and making recommendations for the future. Abstract The prevalence of methicillin resistance in staphylococci has been increasing globally and is currently one of the major public health concerns. In particular, treating infections caused by staphylococci with acquired antimicrobial resistance is problematic, as their treatment is more difficult. The resistance is found both in human and animal staphylococcal strains. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) have also been increasingly reported in wildlife. In Arab countries, MRS has been detected in food producing animals and food products; however, the risk this poses is somewhat unclear, and still a significant lack of information on the trend and distribution of these pathogens in these countries, which have a specific ecosystem (desert) and traditions (Muslim culture). In this manuscript, we aim to provide an overview of the prevalence and the major MRS clonal lineages circulating in these specific countries and compare to them other situations with different ecosystems and cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahrazed Belhout
- HASAQ Laboratory, High National Veterinary School, Issad Abbes Avenue, Oued Smar, El Harrach, Algiers 16270, Algeria
- Correspondence:
| | - Rachid Elgroud
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine 25017, Algeria;
| | - Patrick Butaye
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
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20
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Zhang Y, Li H, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhang P, Jia J, Peng H, Qian Q, Zhang J, Pan Z, Liu D, Zhao L. Storage Stability and Flavor Change of Marinated Pork. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131825. [PMID: 35804641 PMCID: PMC9265805 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the storage stability and flavor changes of marinated pork treated with chili and pepper essential oils, the contents of total sulfhydryl, malondialdehyde, total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN), Ca2+ATPase activity, and total viable counts of marinated pork were determined. Further, the non-volatile (umami, numb, and spicy) and volatile flavor compounds of marinated pork were analyzed. Based on the results, the chili and pepper essential oils had limited effects on the storage stability of marinated pork. However, these essential oils could inhibit the oxidation of lipids and proteins and reduce the number of microorganisms and TVBN in marinated pork within 6 days. The non-volatile flavors of the marinated pork decreased as the refrigeration time increased. It was concluded that the decomposition of umami-enhancing nucleotides (GMP, IMP, XMP), the number of flavor substances (hydroxyl-α-sanshool, hydroxyl-β-sanshool), and spicy (capsaicin) tasting compounds caused the decrease in non-volatile flavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (P.Z.); (J.J.); (H.P.); (Q.Q.); (J.Z.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-28-8461-6805
| | - Hui Li
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (P.Z.); (J.J.); (H.P.); (Q.Q.); (J.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (P.Z.); (J.J.); (H.P.); (Q.Q.); (J.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Linguo Wang
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (P.Z.); (J.J.); (H.P.); (Q.Q.); (J.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (P.Z.); (J.J.); (H.P.); (Q.Q.); (J.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Jianlin Jia
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (P.Z.); (J.J.); (H.P.); (Q.Q.); (J.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Haichuan Peng
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (P.Z.); (J.J.); (H.P.); (Q.Q.); (J.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Qin Qian
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (P.Z.); (J.J.); (H.P.); (Q.Q.); (J.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (P.Z.); (J.J.); (H.P.); (Q.Q.); (J.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Zhongli Pan
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Dayu Liu
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (L.W.); (P.Z.); (J.J.); (H.P.); (Q.Q.); (J.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Liming Zhao
- R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China;
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21
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Yudhanto S, Hung CC, Maddox CW, Varga C. Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria Isolated From Canine Urine Samples Submitted to a Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Illinois, United States. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:867784. [PMID: 35601398 PMCID: PMC9114880 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.867784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in dogs constitutes a threat to animal and human health. There is a lack of studies in Illinois that evaluated the prevalence of AMR among urinary bacterial pathogens. In the study, we included 803 isolates (299 Gram-positive and 504 Gram-negative) that were isolated from 2,583 canine urine samples submitted to the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, the University of Illinois between 2019 and 2020 from dogs suspected of urinary tract infections (UTI). The most common Gram-positive isolates included Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (17.93%), Enterococcus faecalis (9.46%), Streptococcus canis (6.10%), and Enterococcus faecium (3.74%), while Gram-negative isolates included Escherichia coli (45.58%), Proteus mirabilis (11.08%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.11%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.99%). Among the Gram-positive isolates, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates showed a very high prevalence of resistance to penicillin (56.94%), a high prevalence of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (31.94%), enrofloxacin (29.17%), and oxacillin (27.08%). Among Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli isolates showed a high prevalence of resistance to ampicillin (31.42%). Considering the high prevalence of resistance to antimicrobials commonly used to treat UTI in dogs, urine samples should be collected for bacterial culture and susceptibility testing before treatment initiation to prevent treatment failures and the development of multidrug resistance. Given the possibility of zoonotic transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, veterinarians when treating UTI cases, should inform dog owners of the potential transmission risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setyo Yudhanto
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Chien-Che Hung
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Chien-Che Hung
| | - Carol W. Maddox
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Csaba Varga
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22
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Liu C, Shen Y, Yang M, Chi K, Guo N. Hazard of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins in Food and Promising Strategies for Natural Products against Virulence. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2450-2465. [PMID: 35170308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) secreted by Staphylococcus aureus frequently contaminate food and cause serious foodborne diseases but are ignored during food processing and even cold-chain storage. Notably, SEs are stable and resistant to harsh sterilization environments, which can induce more serious hazards to public health than the bacterium itself. Therefore, it is necessary to develop promising strategies to control SE contamination in food and improve food safety. Natural products not only have various pharmaceutical properties, such as antimicrobial and antitoxin activities, but they are also eco-friendly, safe, nutritive, and barely drug-resistant. Here, the hazards of SEs and the promising natural compounds with different inhibitory mechanisms are summarized and classified. The key points of future research and applications for natural products against bacterial toxin contamination in food are also prospected. Overall, this review may provide enlightening insights for screening effective natural compounds to prevent foodborne diseases caused by bacterial toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunmei Chi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
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23
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Saber T, Samir M, El-Mekkawy RM, Ariny E, El-Sayed SR, Enan G, Abdelatif SH, Askora A, Merwad AMA, Tartor YH. Methicillin- and Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus From Humans and Ready-To-Eat Meat: Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Formation Ability. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:735494. [PMID: 35211098 PMCID: PMC8861318 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.735494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and VRSA) are zoonotic life-threatening pathogens, and their presence in food raises a public health concern. Yet, scarce data are available regarding MRSA and VRSA in both ready-to-eat (RTE) meat and food handlers. This study was undertaken to determine the frequency, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm-forming ability of MRSA and VRSA isolated from RTE meat (shawarma and burger) and humans (food handlers, and hospitalized patients) in Zagazig city, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. We analyzed 176 samples (112 human samples: 72 from hospitalized patients and 40 from food handlers, 64 RTE meat samples: 38 from shawarma and 26 from burger). Using phenotypic, PCR-based identification of nuc gene and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), 60 coagulase-positive S. aureus (COPS) isolates were identified in the samples as follow: RTE meat (15/64, 23.4%), hospitalized patients (33/72, 45.8%) and food handlers (12/40, 30%). All the COPS isolates were mecA positive (and thus were classified as MRSA) and multidrug resistant with multiple antibiotic resistance indices ranging from 0.25 to 0.92. Overall, resistance to cefepime (96.7%), penicillin (88.3%), were common, followed by ampicillin-sulbactam (65%), ciprofloxacin (55%), nitrofurontoin (51.7%), and gentamicin (43.3%). VRSA was detected in 30.3% of COPS hospitalized patient's isolates, 26.7% of COPS RTE meat isolates and 25% of COPS food handler's isolates. VanA, vanB, or both genes were detected in 64.7, 5.9, and 29.4% of all VAN-resistant isolates, respectively. The majority of the COPS isolates (50/60, 83.3%) have biofilm formation ability and harbored icaA (76%), icaD (74%), icaC (50%), and icaB (46%) biofilm-forming genes. The bap gene was not detected in any of the isolates. The ability of MRSA and VRSA isolates to produce biofilms in addition to being resistant to antimicrobials highlight the danger posed by these potentially virulent microorganisms persisting in RTE meat, food handlers, and patients. Taken together, good hygiene practices and antimicrobial surveillance plans should be strictly implemented along the food chain to reduce the risk of colonization and dissemination of MRSA and VRSA biofilm-producing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisir Saber
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Samir
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rasha M. El-Mekkawy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman Ariny
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sara Ramadan El-Sayed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Gamal Enan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sawasn H. Abdelatif
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Askora
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abdallah M. A. Merwad
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yasmine H. Tartor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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24
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Zhao X, Hu M, Zhao C, Zhang Q, Li L, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Liu Y. Whole-Genome Epidemiology and Characterization of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ST398 From Retail Pork and Bulk Tank Milk in Shandong, China. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:764105. [PMID: 34917050 PMCID: PMC8670001 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.764105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is now regarded as a zoonotic agent. Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) ST398 is a livestock-associated bacterium that is most prevalent in China, but there are currently no data available for Shandong. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and characterization of MSSA ST398 from retail pork and bulk tank milk (BTM) in Shandong. A total of 67 S. aureus isolates were collected from retail pork between November 2017 and June 2018. Among the isolates, high antimicrobial resistance rates were observed for penicillin (97.0%), and 92.5% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Eight sequence types (STs) were identified in the retail pork isolates, and the predominant type was ST15 (n=26), which was followed by ST398 (n=14). Staphylococcal protein A gene (spa) typing identified spa types t034 and t1255 in MSSA ST398 from retail pork. Using whole-genome sequencing analysis, we described the phylogeny of 29 MSSA ST398 isolates that were obtained from retail pork (n=14) and BTM (n=15). The phylogenetic tree showed that the MSSA ST398 isolates from different sources had the same lineage. Among the 29 MSSA ST398 isolates, five resistance genes were detected, and all isolates carried DHA-1. Fifteen toxin genes were detected, and all isolates carried eta, hla, and hlb. In conclusion, this study found that a high risk for MSSA ST398 was present in retail pork and BTM. These findings have major implications for how investigations of MSSA ST398 outbreaks should be conducted in the One-Health context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Cui Zhao
- Tai'an animal disease prevention and control center, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Yanbo Luo
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong, China
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25
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Thwala T, Madoroba E, Basson A, Butaye P. Prevalence and Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Meat and Meat Products in African Countries: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091108. [PMID: 34572690 PMCID: PMC8465003 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has been increasing globally, which negatively affects food safety, veterinary, and human medicine. Ineffective antibiotics may cause treatment failure, which results in prolonged hospitalisation, increased mortality, and consequently, increased health care costs. Staphylococcus aureus causes a diverse range of infections including septicaemia and endocarditis. However, in food, it mainly causes food poisoning by the production of enterotoxins. With the discovery of methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains that have a separate reservoir in livestock animals, which were termed as livestock-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (LA-MRSA) in 2005, it became clear that animals may pose another health risk. Though LA-MRSA is mainly transferred by direct contact, food transmission cannot be excluded. While the current strains are not very pathogenic, mitigation is advisable, as they may acquire new virulence genes, becoming more pathogenic, and may transfer their resistance genes. Control of LA-MRSA poses significant problems, and only Norway has an active mitigation strategy. There is limited information about LA-MRSA, MRSA in general, and other S. aureus infections from African countries. In this review, we discuss the prevalence and characteristics of antimicrobial susceptible and resistant S. aureus (with a focus on MRSA) from meat and meat products in African countries and compare it to the situation in the rest of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thembeka Thwala
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (T.T.); (E.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Evelyn Madoroba
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (T.T.); (E.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Albert Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (T.T.); (E.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Patrick Butaye
- Department of Biosciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, West Farm, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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26
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Urbanski LJ, Vullo D, Parkkila S, Supuran CT. An anion and small molecule inhibition study of the β-carbonic anhydrase from Staphylococcus aureus. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1088-1092. [PMID: 34056990 PMCID: PMC8168783 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1931863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria resistant to most antibiotics, including the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represent a serious medical problem. The search for new antiinfectives, possessing a diverse mechanism of action compared to the clinically used antibiotics, has become an attractive research field. S. aureus DNA encodes a β-class carbonic anhydrase, SauBCA. It is a druggable target that can be inhibited by certain aromatic and heterocyclic sulphonamides. Here we investigated inorganic anions and some other small molecules for their inhibition of SauBCA. The halides, nitrite, nitrate, bicarbonate, carbonate, bisulphite, sulphate, stannate, and N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate were submillimolar SauBCA inhibitors with KIs in the range of 0.26 − 0.91 mM. The most effective inhibitors were sulfamide, sulfamate, phenylboronic acid, and phenylarsonic acid with KIs of 7 − 43 µM. Several interesting inhibitors detected here may be considered lead compounds for the development of even more effective derivatives, which should be investigated for their bacteriostatic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Urbanski
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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