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Etges M, Coelho A. Ethical Leadership in LTC: From Caregivers' Customer Orientation to Senior's Satisfaction and Well-Being. J Healthc Leadersh 2023; 15:297-311. [PMID: 37937121 PMCID: PMC10627071 DOI: 10.2147/jhl.s426602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In response to the growth of the world's senior population, an investigation of ethical leadership on LTCs is needed, in particular in the impact it may have on customer orientation and on seniors' well-being. Objective We propose a model to identify the relationship between ethical leadership in LTCs and caregivers' customer orientation, and its influence on satisfaction with the service, satisfaction with life, and the quality of the interaction between caregivers and seniors. Sampling We present a matched sample of 277 caregivers and 277 elderly Brazilians, workers and seniors' in LTCs in Brazil. The minimum sample size was 222, determined using G-Power software version 3.1.9.2, based on the desired statistical power parameters and the number of predictors. Two structured questionnaires were developed, one for caregivers and the other for the elderly. 69 LTCs were contacted and 29 participated in the survey (10 nonprofit, 34.48%). Data were treated statistically using SEM modelling. Results We identified a positive influence of ethical leadership on caregivers' attitudes, favoring their orientation towards the seniors'. A positive relationship between customer-oriented caregivers and customer satisfaction, life satisfaction, and the quality of the senior's interaction. A customer-oriented caregiver exerts a mediating effect between ethical leadership and the seniors' related outcomes, making ethical leadership beneficial to seniors and their family members. Conclusion Ethical leadership favors successful management of LTCs, increasing customer orientation, and provides clues to establish a better causality and a chain of effects between leadership and senior-related outcomes. Therefore, LTCs may be the appropriate outlet for the role of ethics in leadership. Practical Implications This study provides managers with an understanding of the effects of ethical leadership in the context of LTCs, for both caregivers and seniors. The powerful effects of ethical leadership can be a stimulus to increase the role of ethics in LTCs, improving the quality of care, the well-being of the seniors, and, therefore, the human and financial performance of these institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Etges
- Project Department, International Iberoamerican University, Campeche, México
| | - Arnaldo Coelho
- CeBER - Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Altintas E, Boudoukha AH, Karaca Y, Lizio A, Luyat M, Gallouj K, El Haj M. Fear of COVID-19, emotional exhaustion, and care quality experience in nursing home staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 102:104745. [PMID: 35714475 PMCID: PMC9169422 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing home staff have been adversely impacted throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, facing difficulties in providing patient care. The aim of this study was to explore health workers' perception regarding their own care quality experience in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Amidst the second wave of the pandemic, we investigated the relationships between fear of COVID-19 and care quality experiences in nursing homes with emotional exhaustion (EE) as a mediating role. We hypothesized that EE is associated with fear of COVID-19 and care quality experience among nursing home staff. Furthermore, we predicted that EE would mediate the relationships between fear of COVID-19 and care quality experience. METHODS During the second wave of COVID-19 (October to December 2020), we administered surveys to a large sample of 129 French nursing home staff with a mean age of 38.47 ± 10.31 who were directly and repeatedly exposed to COVID-19. We assessed their emotional exhaustion (EE) and care quality experience in the workplace via subjective indicators using self-reported scales. RESULTS In the context of COVID-19, low to severe emotional exhaustion levels were found among nursing home staff, and these levels were associated with care quality experience as well as fear of COVID-19. The groups with low and severe levels of EE reported the highest levels of fear of COVID-19. The groups with moderate and severe levels of EE reported the lowest levels of care quality experience. Lastly, the relationships between fear of COVID-19 and care quality experience were mediated by EE. CONCLUSIONS The findings made by the present study focused on the role of emotional coping responses to COVID-19. EE was associated positively with fear of COVID-19 and negatively with care quality experience. Furthermore, EE was found to mediate the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and care quality experience. We discuss these findings as they relate to palliative care issues in nursing homes and the manner in which emotional exhaustion ought to be addressed among nursing home staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Altintas
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie : Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Unité de Gériatrie, Tourcoing, France.
| | - Abdel-Halim Boudoukha
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (EA 4638), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Yasemin Karaca
- Centre Hospitalier de Roubaix, Service de Pédiatrie, Roubaix, France
| | - Andréa Lizio
- Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Unité de Gériatrie, Tourcoing, France
| | - Marion Luyat
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie : Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Karim Gallouj
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie : Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Unité de Gériatrie, Tourcoing, France
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Unité de Gériatrie, Tourcoing, France; Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (EA 4638), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Cohen L, Sher-Censor E, Oppenheim D, Dassa A, Ayalon L, Palgi Y. Nursing aides’ mentalization, expressed emotion, and observed interaction with residents with dementia: A quasi-experimental study. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 45:100-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Okamura T, Ogawa Y, Takase A, Shimmei M, Ura C. Good death from the perspective of geriatric nursing homes' staff members. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 37. [PMID: 35023216 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yukan Ogawa
- Institute of Regional Development, Taisho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Takase
- Institute of Regional Development, Taisho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Shimmei
- Faculty of Human Welfare, Department of Psychology and Welfare, Den-en Chofu University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ura
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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Eltaybani S, Yamamoto-Mitani N, Ninomiya A, Igarashi A. The association between nurses' burnout and objective care quality indicators: a cross-sectional survey in long-term care wards. BMC Nurs 2021; 20:34. [PMID: 33622305 PMCID: PMC7901176 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00552-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide, rather few studies have examined the association between burnout and care quality using objectively measured quality indicators, with most of the studies have relied on perceived quality outcomes. This study aimed to examine the association between staff nurses’ burnout and selected objective quality metrics in long-term care wards in Japan. Methods This is a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey. Nurse managers and staff nurses working at randomly selected hospitals with long-term care wards—the equivalent of skilled nursing homes in Western countries— completed self-administered, anonymous questionnaires. The questionnaires collected data regarding care quality indicators, staff nurses’ burnout, and other confounders (e.g., ward size, participants’ years of experience, and patients’ conditions). All statistical analyses were conducted at the ward level. A multivariate regression analysis was used to examine associations between burnout and outcome indicators. Results Data from 196 wards in 196 hospitals (196 nurse managers and 2473 staff nurses) across Japan were analyzed. Multivariate regression analysis showed that higher emotional exhaustion was associated with higher rates of pneumonia and pressure ulcers (p-value = .036 and .032, respectively), and that reduced personal accomplishment was associated with higher rates of tube feeding (p-value = .018). A larger ward size was also associated with low rates of pneumonia (regression coefficient = −.001, p-value = .019). Conclusions Staff nurses’ burnout is a significant determinant of care quality in long-term care wards, implying that organizations that implement burnout reducing strategies may see greater benefits in patient outcomes. A large ward size was significantly associated with better care outcomes—specifically, low rates of pneumonia. Future research needs to determine feasible quality improvement measures in small-scale long-term care facilities, and to provide more comprehensive insights on ward-level variables that influence care quality in long-term care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Eltaybani
- Department of Gerontological Homecare and Long-term Care Nursing, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Department of Critical Care and Emergency Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Noriko Yamamoto-Mitani
- Department of Gerontological Homecare and Long-term Care Nursing, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ayako Ninomiya
- The Dia Foundation for Research on Ageing Societies, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Igarashi
- Department of Gerontological Homecare and Long-term Care Nursing, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Costello H, Cooper C, Marston L, Livingston G. Burnout in UK care home staff and its effect on staff turnover: MARQUE English national care home longitudinal survey. Age Ageing 2019; 49:74-81. [PMID: 31665204 PMCID: PMC6939288 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND staff burnout and turnover lead to care home residents receiving poorer quality care. Burnout is thought to cause turnover, but this has never been investigated. We know little about which care home staffs are burnt out. AIMS to explore burnout's relationship with staff turnover and prevalence and predictors of burnout. METHOD we calculated the relationship between Maslach Burnout Inventory scores and future staff turnover (12-month number of staff leaving/number employed). We explored staff, resident and care home predictors of burnout, measured as emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalisation (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA). RESULTS two-thousand sixty-two care staff in 97 care home units participated. Median yearly staff turnover was 22.7%, interquartile range (IQR) 14.0-37.7%. Care staff recorded low median burnout (median EE: 14, IQR: 7-22; DP: 1, IQR: 0-5; PA 42, IQR: 36-45). We found no association between staff burnout and turnover rate. Younger staff age was associated with higher burnout (EE coefficient - 0.09; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.13, -0.05; DP -0.02; 95% CI: -0.04, -0.01; PA 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.08). Speaking English as a second language predicted higher EE (1.59; 95% CI: 0.32, 2.85), males had higher DP (0.02; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.04) and staff working only night shifts lower PA (-2.08; 95% CI: -4.05, -1.30). CONCLUSIONS we found no association between care homes staff burnout level and staff turnover rates. It is a myth that burnout levels are high. Interventions for burnout could focus on at-risk groups. Future studies could consider turnover at an individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Costello
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Claudia Cooper
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Louise Marston
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Gill Livingston
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London W1T 7NF, UK
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Okamura T, Shimmei M, Takase A, Toishiba S, Hayashida K, Yumiyama T, Ogawa Y. A positive attitude towards provision of end-of-life care may protect against burnout: Burnout and religion in a super-aging society. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202277. [PMID: 30092065 PMCID: PMC6084997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of our study was to investigate factors associated with burnout of nurses and care workers in nursing homes and geriatric hospitals in Japan. The use of Buddhist priests, the major religion in Japan, was also explored. Methods Questionnaires for nurses and care workers were sent to 10 care facilities. The survey questions included basic demographic information, the Japanese Burnout Index and the Japanese version of the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care Of Dying Scale Form B. They also asked questions about use of Buddhist priests for tasks such as helping to manage the anxiety or distress of patients, families, and staff, or providing sutra chanting. Results In total, 323 questionnaires were returned, of which 260 were used for analysis. Only 18 (6.9%) answered that they had any religious beliefs, which was relatively low compared to 27% from governmental survey data. In total, however, 71% expressed a need for Buddhist priests to help with anxiety or distress among patients. A positive attitude towards providing end-of-life care was a protective factor against depersonalization. It was, however, also related to lower feelings of personal accomplishment. Conclusion Care homes and geriatric hospitals may want to consider calling more on religious resources as a support for staff and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Okamura
- Research Team for Promoting Independence of the Elderly, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Akinori Takase
- Institute of Regional Development, Taisho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Toishiba
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kojun Hayashida
- Department of Buddhist Studies, Taisho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yumiyama
- Department of Social and Human Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukan Ogawa
- Institute of Regional Development, Taisho University, Tokyo, Japan
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DePasquale N, Polenick CA, Davis KD, Berkman LF, Cabot TD. A Bright Side to the Work-Family Interface: Husbands' Support as a Resource in Double-and-Triple-Duty Caregiving Wives' Work Lives. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2018; 58:674-685. [PMID: 28637290 PMCID: PMC6044392 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnx016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of the Study This study examined how women who combine long-term care employment with unpaid, informal caregiving roles for children (double-duty-child caregivers), older adults (double-duty-elder caregivers), and both children and older adults (triple-duty caregivers) differed from their workplace-only caregiving counterparts on workplace factors related to job retention (i.e., job satisfaction and turnover intentions) and performance (i.e., perceived obligation to work while sick and emotional exhaustion). The moderating effects of perceived spouse support were also examined. Design and Methods Regression analyses were conducted on survey data from 546 married, heterosexual women employed in U.S.-based nursing homes. Results Compared to workplace-only caregivers, double-duty-elder and triple-duty caregivers reported more emotional exhaustion. Double-duty-child caregivers reported lower turnover intentions and both double-and-triple-duty caregivers felt less obligated to work while sick when perceiving greater support from husbands. Implications Results indicate that double-and-triple-duty caregiving women's job retention and obligation to work while sick may depend on perceived spouse support, highlighting the important role husbands play in their wives' professional lives. Findings also lend support to the emerging literature on marriage-to-work positive spillover, and suggest that long-term care organizations should target marital relationships in family-friendly initiatives to retain and engage double-and-triple-duty caregiving employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole DePasquale
- Center for Healthy Aging and Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Courtney A Polenick
- Geriatric Mental Health Services, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Kelly D Davis
- Human Development and Family Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Lisa F Berkman
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas D Cabot
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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