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Glajzner P, Bernat A, Jasińska-Stroschein M. Improving the treatment of bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria through drug repositioning. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1397602. [PMID: 38910882 PMCID: PMC11193365 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1397602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing (repositioning) is a dynamically-developing area in the search for effective therapy of infectious diseases. Repositioning existing drugs with a well-known pharmacological and toxicological profile is an attractive method for quickly discovering new therapeutic indications. The off-label use of drugs for infectious diseases requires much less capital and time, and can hasten progress in the development of new antimicrobial drugs, including antibiotics. The use of drug repositioning in searching for new therapeutic options has brought promising results for many viral infectious diseases, such as Ebola, ZIKA, Dengue, and HCV. This review describes the most favorable results for repositioned drugs for the treatment of bacterial infections. It comprises publications from various databases including PubMed and Web of Science published from 2015 to 2023. The following search keywords/strings were used: drug repositioning and/or repurposing and/or antibacterial activity and/or infectious diseases. Treatment options for infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria were taken into account, including methicillin-resistant staphylococci, multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or carbapenem-resistant bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family. It analyses the safety profiles of the included drugs and their synergistic combinations with antibiotics and discusses the potential of antibacterial drugs with antiparasitic, anticancer, antipsychotic effects, and those used in metabolic diseases. Drug repositioning may be an effective response to public health threats related to the spread of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains and the growing antibiotic resistance of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Glajzner
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
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2
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Aguilar-Ayala DA, Sanz-García F, Rabodoarivelo MS, Susanto BO, Bailo R, Eveque-Mourroux MR, Willand N, Simonsson USH, Ramón-García S, Lucía A. Evaluation of critical parameters in the hollow-fibre system for tuberculosis: A case study of moxifloxacin. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38632083 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.16068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
AimsThe hollow‐fibre system for tuberculosis (HFS‐TB) is a preclinical model qualified by the European Medicines Agency to underpin the anti‐TB drug development process. It can mimic in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK)–pharmacodynamic (PD) attributes of selected antimicrobials, which could feed into in silico models to inform the design of clinical trials. However, historical data and published protocols are insufficient and omit key information to allow experiments to be reproducible. Therefore, in this work, we aim to optimize and standardize various HFS‐TB operational procedures.MethodsFirst, we characterized bacterial growth dynamics with different types of hollow‐fibre cartridges, Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and media. Second, we mimicked a moxifloxacin PK profile within hollow‐fibre cartridges, in order to check drug–fibres compatibility. Lastly, we mimicked the moxifloxacin total plasma PK profile in human after once daily oral dose of 400 mg to assess PK–PD after different sampling methods, strains, cartridge size and bacterial adaptation periods before drug infusion into the system.ResultsWe found that final bacterial load inside the HFS‐TB was contingent on the studied variables. Besides, we demonstrated that drug–fibres compatibility tests are critical preliminary HFS‐TB assays, which need to be properly reported. Lastly, we uncovered that the sampling method and bacterial adaptation period before drug infusion significantly impact actual experimental conclusions.ConclusionOur data contribute to the necessary standardization of HFS‐TB experiments, draw attention to multiple aspects of this preclinical model that should be considered when reporting novel results and warn about critical parameters in the HFS‐TB currently overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Aguilar-Ayala
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando Sanz-García
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Budi O Susanto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rebeca Bailo
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maxime R Eveque-Mourroux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Willand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 - Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Lille, France
| | | | - Santiago Ramón-García
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Spanish Network for Research on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Research and Development Agency of Aragón (ARAID) Foundation, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Lucía
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Spanish Network for Research on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Singh D, Sharma R, Jamal S, Agarwal M, Grover S, Batra JK. Identification and characterization of repurposed small molecule inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis caseinolytic protease B (ClpB) as anti-mycobacterials. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130614. [PMID: 38447849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) caseinolytic protease B (ClpB) is a chaperone possessing a unique ability to resolubilize the aggregated proteins in vivo. ClpB has been shown to be important for the survival of Mtb within the host. Thus, it appears to be a promising target to develop new therapeutic molecules against tuberculosis. In this study, we have screened FDA approved compounds in silico to identify inhibitors against Mtb ClpB. In our screen, several compounds interacted with ClpB. The top four compounds, namely framycetin, gentamicin, ribostamycin and tobramycin showing the highest binding energy were selected for further investigation. MD simulations and tryptophan-based quenching of ClpB-drug complexes established that the selected inhibitors stably interacted with the target protein. The inhibitor and protein complexes were found to be stabilized by hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions. Although, the compounds did not affect the ATPase activity of ClpB significantly, the protein resolubilization activity of ClpB was remarkably reduced in their presence. All four compounds potently inhibited the growth of Mtb H37Ra. The antimycobacterial activity of the compounds appears to be due the inhibition of functional ClpB oligomer formation, in turn affecting its chaperonic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digvijay Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Salma Jamal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Meetu Agarwal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sonam Grover
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Janendra K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi 110029, India.
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4
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Sharma R, Muthu SA, Agarwal M, Mehto NK, Pahuja I, Grover A, Dwivedi VP, Ahmad B, Grover S. Atosiban and Rutin exhibit anti-mycobacterial activity - An integrated computational and biophysical insight toward drug repurposing strategy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis targeting its essential enzyme HemD. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127208. [PMID: 37816464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
With the advancements of high throughput computational screening procedures, drug repurposing became the privileged framework for drug discovery. The structure-based drug discovery is the widely used method of drug repurposing, consisting of computational screening of compounds and testing them in-vitro. This current method of repurposing leaves room for mechanistic insights into how these screened hits interact with and influence their targets. We addressed this gap in the current study by integrating highly sensitive biophysical methods into existing computational repurposing methods. We also corroborated our computational and biophysical findings on H37Rv for the anti-mycobacterial action of selected drugs in-vitro and ex-vivo conditions. Atosiban and Rutin were screened as highly interacting hits against HemD through multi-stage docking and were cross-validated in biophysical studies. The affinity of these drugs (K ~ 106 M-1) was quantified using fluorescence quenching studies. Differential Scanning Fluorimetry (DSF) and urea-based chemical denaturation studies revealed a destabilizing effect of these drugs on target which was further validated using MD simulations. Conformational rearrangements of secondary structures were established using CD spectra and intrinsic fluorescence. Furthermore, Atosiban and Rutin inhibited M.tb growth in-vitro and ex-vivo while remaining non-toxic to mice peritoneal macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sharma
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shivani A Muthu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Meetu Agarwal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | | | - Isha Pahuja
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Abhinav Grover
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Basir Ahmad
- Protein Assembly Lab, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Sonam Grover
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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5
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Krishnan A, Khan FI, Sukumar S, Khan MKA. Identification of potential molecular targets and repurposed drugs for tuberculosis using network-based screening approach, molecular docking, and simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37948198 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2279699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The spread of drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis has hampered efforts to control the disease worldwide. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall envelope is dynamic, with complex features that protect it from the host immunological response. As a result, the bacterial cell wall components represent a potential target for drug discovery. Protein-protein interaction networks (PPIN) are critical for understanding disease conditions and identifying precise therapeutic targets. We used a rational theoretical approach by constructing a PPIN with the proteins involved in cell wall biosynthesis. The PPIN was constructed through the STRING database and embB was identified as a key protein by using four topological measures, betweenness, closeness, degree, and eigenvector, in the CytoNCA tool in Cytoscape. The 'Drug repurposing' approach was employed to find suitable inhibitors against embB. We used the Schrödinger suites for molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and binding free energy calculations to validate the binding of protein with the ligand. FDA-approved drugs from the ZINC database and DrugBank were screened against embB (PDB ID: 7BVF) using high-throughput virtual screening, standard precision, and extra precision docking. The drugs were screened based on the XP docking score of the standard drug ethambutol. Accordingly, from the top five hits, azilsartan and dihydroergotamine were selected based on the binding free energy values and were further subjected to Molecular Dynamics Simulation studies for 100 ns. Our study confirms that Azilsartan and Dihydroergotamine form stable complexes with embB and can be used as potential lead molecules based on further in vitro and in vivo experimental validation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunika Krishnan
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Faez Iqbal Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sudarkodi Sukumar
- Lakshmikumaran and Sridharan Attorneys, Wallace Garden, Nungambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Md Khurshid Alam Khan
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
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Vasudevan N, Motiwala Z, Ramesh R, Wagh SB, Shingare RD, Katte R, Anand A, Choudhary S, Kumar A, Gokhale RS, Kulkarni KA, Reddy DS. Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies of silicon incorporated diarylpyrroles as MmpL3 inhibitors: An effective strategy towards development of potent anti-tubercular agents. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115633. [PMID: 37524010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Growing global demand for new molecules to treat tuberculosis has created an urgent need to develop novel strategies to combat the menace. BM212 related compounds were found to be potent anti-TB agents and they inhibit mycolic acid transporter, MmpL3, a known potent drug target from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In order to enhance their inhibitory potency, several silicon analogues of diarylpyrroles related to BM212 were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for anti-tubercular activities. In Alamar blue assay, most of the silicon-incorporated compounds were found to be more potent than the parent compound (BM212), against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC = 1.7 μM, H37Rv). Docking results from the crystal structure of MmpL3 and silicon analogues as pharmacophore model also strongly correlate with the biological assays and suggest that the incorporation of silicon in the inhibitor scaffold could enhance their potency by stabilizing the hydrophobic residues at the binding pocket. The best docking hit, compound 12 showed an MIC of 0.1 μM against H37Rv with an acceptable in vitro ADME profile and excellent selectivity index. Overall, the present study indicates that, the designed silicon analogues, especially compound 12 could be a good inhibitor for an intrinsically flexible drug-binding pocket of MmpL3 and has potential for further development as anti-tubercular agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vasudevan
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Zenia Motiwala
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Remya Ramesh
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sachin B Wagh
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Rahul D Shingare
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Revansiddha Katte
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Amitesh Anand
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sushil Choudhary
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Post Bag No. 3, Canal Rd, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Post Bag No. 3, Canal Rd, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rajesh S Gokhale
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India; Immunometabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kiran A Kulkarni
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - D Srinivasa Reddy
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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7
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Sharma K, Ahmed F, Sharma T, Grover A, Agarwal M, Grover S. Potential Repurposed Drug Candidates for Tuberculosis Treatment: Progress and Update of Drugs Identified in Over a Decade. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17362-17380. [PMID: 37251185 PMCID: PMC10210030 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The devastating impact of Tuberculosis (TB) has been a menace to mankind for decades. The World Health Organization (WHO) End TB Strategy aims to reduce TB mortality up to 95% and 90% of overall TB cases worldwide, by 2035. This incessant urge will be achieved with a breakthrough in either a new TB vaccine or novel drugs with higher efficacy. However, the development of novel drugs is a laborious process involving a timeline of almost 20-30 years with huge expenditure; on the other hand, repurposing previously approved drugs is a viable technique for overcoming current bottlenecks in the identification of new anti-TB agents. The present comprehensive review discusses the progress of almost all the repurposed drugs that have been identified to the present day (∼100) and are in the development or clinical testing phase against TB. We have also emphasized the efficacy of repurposed drugs in combination with already available frontline anti-TB medications along with the scope of future investigations. This study would provide the researchers a detailed overview of nearly all identified anti-TB repurposed drugs and may assist them in selecting the lead compounds for further in vivo/clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Sharma
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Faraz Ahmed
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Tarina Sharma
- New
Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State
University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Abhinav Grover
- School
of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Meetu Agarwal
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sonam Grover
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
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8
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Grout MM, Mitchell KB. Disulfiram-Mitigating Unintended Effects. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020262. [PMID: 36830172 PMCID: PMC9952438 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease caused by infection with a multitude of vector-borne organisms can sometimes be successfully treated in its very early stages. However, if diagnosis is delayed, this infection can become disseminated and, like another spirochetal infection syphilis, can affect multiple organ systems in the body, causing a wide variety of life-altering symptoms. Conventional antibiotic therapy may not be effective in eradicating the symptoms of the disease we know as Lyme disease. The recent literature has suggested that disulfiram (DSM) may be a potent drug in the armamentarium of physicians who treat chronic Lyme disease. The use of disulfiram in the treatment of Lyme disease started with a researcher who determined that DSM is bactericidal to spirochete. Encouraged by published case reports of apparent recovery from chronic Lyme disease, having prescribed DSM ourselves in the past for alcoholics who had a desire to stop drinking and prescribing it now for patients with chronic Lyme disease, we observed both predictable and potentially avoidable side effects not necessarily related to the ingestion of alcohol. We reviewed the published literature in PubMed and Google Scholar, using the following key words: Lyme Disease; Borrelia burgdorferi treatment; and disulfiram toxicity. This paper outlines the results of that research to help avoid some of the pitfalls inherent in this novel use of an old and established medication in the practice of clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M. Grout
- Arizona Center for Advanced Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ 85258, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-480-240-2600
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Silva D, Lopes MVC, Petrovski Ž, Santos MM, Santos JP, Yamada-Ogatta SF, Bispo MLF, de Souza MVN, Duarte ARC, Lourenço MCS, Gonçalves RSB, Branco LC. Novel Organic Salts Based on Mefloquine: Synthesis, Solubility, Permeability, and In Vitro Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165167. [PMID: 36014405 PMCID: PMC9412322 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel pharmaceutical tools to efficiently tackle tuberculosis is the order of the day due to the rapid development of resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Herein, we report novel potential formulations of a repurposed drug, the antimalarial mefloquine (MFL), which was combined with organic anions as chemical adjuvants. Eight mefloquine organic salts were obtained by ion metathesis reaction between mefloquine hydrochloride ([MFLH][Cl]) and several organic acid sodium salts in high yields. One of the salts, mefloquine mesylate ([MFLH][MsO]), presented increased water solubility in comparison with [MFLH][Cl]. Moreover, all salts with the exception of mefloquine docusate ([MFLH][AOT]) showed improved permeability and diffusion through synthetic membranes. Finally, in vitro activity studies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed that these ionic formulations exhibited up to 1.5-times lower MIC values when compared with [MFLH][Cl], particularly mefloquine camphorsulfonates ([MFLH][(1R)-CSA], [MFLH][(1S)-CSA]) and mefloquine HEPES ([MFLH][HEPES]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dário Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Márcio V. C. Lopes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Cidade Universitaria, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Željko Petrovski
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Miguel M. Santos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jussevania P. Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid (PR 445), Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Sueli F. Yamada-Ogatta
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid (PR 445), Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Marcelle L. F. Bispo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid (PR 445), Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Marcus V. N. de Souza
- FioCruz-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos-Far-Manguinhos, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita C. Duarte
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria C. S. Lourenço
- Instituto de Pesquisas Clínica Evandro Chagas—IPEC, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Raoni Schroeder B. Gonçalves
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Cidade Universitaria, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Correspondence: (R.S.B.G.); (L.C.B.)
| | - Luis C. Branco
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.S.B.G.); (L.C.B.)
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Reddy DS, Sinha A, Kumar A, Saini VK. Drug re-engineering and repurposing: A significant and rapid approach to tuberculosis drug discovery. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200214. [PMID: 35841594 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, ranking it above all other contagious diseases. The problem to tackle this disease seems to become even worse due to the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2. Further, the complications related to drug-resistant TB, prolonged treatment regimens, and synergy between TB and HIV are significant drawbacks. There are several drugs to treat TB, but there is still no rapid and accurate treatment available. Intensive research is, therefore, necessary to discover newer molecular analogs that can probably eliminate this disease within a short span. An increase in efficacy can be achieved through re-engineering old TB-drug families and repurposing known drugs. These two approaches have led to the production of newer classes of compounds with novel mechanisms to treat multidrug-resistant strains. With respect to this context, we discuss structural aspects of developing new anti-TB drugs as well as examine advances in TB drug discovery. It was found that the fluoroquinolone, oxazolidinone, and nitroimidazole classes of compounds have greater potential to be further explored for TB drug development. Most of the TB drug candidates in the clinical phase are modified versions of these classes of compounds. Therefore, here we anticipate that modification or repurposing of these classes of compounds has a higher probability to reach the clinical phase of drug development. The information provided will pave the way for researchers to design and identify newer molecular analogs for TB drug development and also broaden the scope of exploring future-generation potent, yet safer anti-TB drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh S Reddy
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Bangalore, India
| | - Anamika Sinha
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Bangalore, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Bangalore, India
| | - Vipin K Saini
- Materials and Environmental Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, India
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Perveen S, Kumari D, Singh K, Sharma R. Tuberculosis drug discovery: Progression and future interventions in the wake of emerging resistance. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 229:114066. [PMID: 34973508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of drug resistance continues to afflict TB control where drug resistant strains have become a global health concern. Contrary to drug-sensitive TB, the treatment of MDR/XDR-TB is more complicated requiring the administration of second-line drugs that are inefficient than the first line drugs and are associated with greater side effects. The emergence of drug resistant Mtb strains had coincided with an innovation void in the field of drug discovery of anti-mycobacterials. However, the approval of bedaquiline and delamanid recently for use in MDR/XDR-TB has given an impetus to the TB drug discovery. The review discusses the drug discovery efforts in the field of tuberculosis with a focus on the strategies adopted and challenges confronted by TB research community. Here, we discuss the diverse clinical candidates in the current TB drug discovery pipeline. There is an urgent need to combat the current TB menace through multidisciplinary approaches and strategies making use of the recent advances in understanding the molecular biology and pathogenesis of Mtb. The review highlights the recent advances in drug discovery, with the host directed therapeutics and nanoparticles-drug delivery coming up as important tools to fight tuberculosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summaya Perveen
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Diksha Kumari
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Kuljit Singh
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rashmi Sharma
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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12
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In Silico Drug Repurposing Approach: Investigation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis FadD32 Targeted by FDA-Approved Drugs. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030668. [PMID: 35163931 PMCID: PMC8840176 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite the enormous efforts made towards combating tuberculosis (TB), the disease remains a major global threat. Hence, new drugs with novel mechanisms against TB are urgently needed. Fatty acid degradation protein D32 (FadD32) has been identified as a promising drug target against TB, the protein is required for the biosynthesis of mycolic acids, hence, essential for the growth and multiplication of the mycobacterium. However, the FadD32 mechanism upon the binding of FDA-approved drugs is not well established. Herein, we applied virtual screening (VS), molecular docking, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation to identify potential FDA-approved drugs against FadD32. Methodology/Results: VS technique was found promising to identify four FDA-approved drugs (accolate, sorafenib, mefloquine, and loperamide) with higher molecular docking scores, ranging from -8.0 to -10.0 kcal/mol. Post-MD analysis showed that the accolate hit displayed the highest total binding energy of -45.13 kcal/mol. Results also showed that the accolate hit formed more interactions with FadD32 active site residues and all active site residues displayed an increase in total binding contribution. RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and DCCM analysis further supported that the presence of accolate exhibited more structural stability, lower bimolecular flexibility, and more compactness into the FadD32 protein. Conclusions: Our study revealed accolate as the best potential drug against FadD32, hence a prospective anti-TB drug in TB therapy. In addition, we believe that the approach presented in the current study will serve as a cornerstone to identifying new potential inhibitors against a wide range of biological targets.
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13
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Haldar R, Narayanan SJ. A novel ensemble based recommendation approach using network based analysis for identification of effective drugs for Tuberculosis. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:873-891. [PMID: 34903017 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a fatal infectious disease which affected millions of people worldwide for many decades and now with mutating drug resistant strains, it poses bigger challenges in treatment of the patients. Computational techniques might play a crucial role in rapidly developing new or modified anti-tuberculosis drugs which can tackle these mutating strains of TB. This research work applied a computational approach to generate a unique recommendation list of possible TB drugs as an alternate to a popular drug, EMB, by first securing an initial list of drugs from a popular online database, PubChem, and thereafter applying an ensemble of ranking mechanisms. As a novelty, both the pharmacokinetic properties and some network based attributes of the chemical structure of the drugs are considered for generating separate recommendation lists. The work also provides customized modifications on a popular and traditional ensemble ranking technique to cater to the specific dataset and requirements. The final recommendation list provides established chemical structures along with their ranks, which could be used as alternatives to EMB. It is believed that the incorporation of both pharmacokinetic and network based properties in the ensemble ranking process added to the effectiveness and relevance of the final recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishin Haldar
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore - 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swathi Jamjala Narayanan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore - 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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14
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Maitra A, Solanki P, Sadouki Z, McHugh TD, Kloprogge F. Improving the Drug Development Pipeline for Mycobacteria: Modelling Antibiotic Exposure in the Hollow Fibre Infection Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121515. [PMID: 34943727 PMCID: PMC8698378 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial infections are difficult to treat, requiring a combination of drugs and lengthy treatment times, thereby presenting a substantial burden to both the patient and health services worldwide. The limited treatment options available are under threat due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance in the pathogen, hence necessitating the development of new treatment regimens. Drug development processes are lengthy, resource intensive, and high-risk, which have contributed to market failure as demonstrated by pharmaceutical companies limiting their antimicrobial drug discovery programmes. Pre-clinical protocols evaluating treatment regimens that can mimic in vivo PK/PD attributes can underpin the drug development process. The hollow fibre infection model (HFIM) allows for the pathogen to be exposed to a single or a combination of agents at concentrations achieved in vivo-in plasma or at infection sites. Samples taken from the HFIM, depending on the analyses performed, provide information on the rate of bacterial killing and the emergence of resistance. Thereby, the HFIM is an effective means to investigate the efficacy of a drug combination. Although applicable to a wide variety of infections, the complexity of anti-mycobacterial drug discovery makes the information available from the HFIM invaluable as explored in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Maitra
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (Z.S.); (F.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Priya Solanki
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Royal Free Campus, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; (P.S.); (T.D.M.)
| | - Zahra Sadouki
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (Z.S.); (F.K.)
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Royal Free Campus, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; (P.S.); (T.D.M.)
| | - Timothy D. McHugh
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Royal Free Campus, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; (P.S.); (T.D.M.)
| | - Frank Kloprogge
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (Z.S.); (F.K.)
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15
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Kumar A, Karkara BB, Panda G. Novel candidates in the clinical development pipeline for TB drug development and their Synthetic Approaches. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:787-827. [PMID: 34397161 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. Mtb has the ability to become dormant within the host and to develop resistance. Hence, new antitubercular agents are required to overcome problems in the treatment of multidrug resistant-Tb (MDR-Tb) and extensively drug resistant-Tb (XDR-Tb) along with shortening the treatment time. Several efforts are being made to develop very effective new drugs for Tb, within the pharmaceutical industry, the academia, and through public private partnerships. This review will address the anti-tubercular activities, biological target, mode of action, synthetic approaches and thoughtful concept for the development of several new drugs currently in the clinical trial pipeline (up to October 2019) for tuberculosis. The aim of this review may be very useful in scheming new chemical entities (NCEs) for Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India
| | - Bidhu Bhusan Karkara
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research University, Guntur, 522213, AP, India
| | - Gautam Panda
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, UP, India
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16
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Sadeghi SS, Keyvanpour MR. Computational Drug Repurposing: Classification of the Research Opportunities and Challenges. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2021; 16:354-364. [PMID: 31198115 DOI: 10.2174/1573409915666190613113822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug repurposing has grown significantly in recent years. Research and innovation in drug repurposing are extremely popular due to its practical and explicit advantages. However, its adoption into practice is slow because researchers and industries have to face various challenges. OBJECTIVE As this field, there is a lack of a comprehensive platform for systematic identification for removing development limitations. This paper deals with a comprehensive classification of challenges in drug repurposing. METHODS Initially, a classification of various existing repurposing models is propounded. Next, the benefits of drug repurposing are summarized. Further, a categorization for computational drug repurposing shortcomings is presented. Finally, the methods are evaluated based on their strength to addressing the drawbacks. RESULTS This work can offer a desirable platform for comparing the computational repurposing methods by measuring the methods in light of these challenges. CONCLUSION A proper comparison could prepare guidance for a genuine understanding of methods. Accordingly, this comprehension of the methods will help researchers eliminate the barriers thereby developing and improving methods. Furthermore, in this study, we conclude why despite all the benefits of drug repurposing, it is not being done anymore.
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17
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Srivastava S, Thomas T, Howe D, Malinga L, Raj P, Alffenaar JW, Gumbo T. Cefdinir and β-Lactamase Inhibitor Independent Efficacy Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:677005. [PMID: 34163361 PMCID: PMC8215380 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.677005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is renewed interest in repurposing β-lactam antibiotics for treatment of tuberculosis (TB). We investigated efficacy of cefdinir, that withstand the β-lactamase enzyme present in many bacteria, against drug-susceptible and multi-drug resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) experiments were performed with Mtb H37Ra, eight drug-susceptible, and 12 MDR-TB clinical isolates with and without the β-lactamase inhibitor, avibactam at 15 mg/L final concentration. Next, we performed dose-response study with Mtb H37Ra in test-tubes followed by a sterilizing activity study in the pre-clinical hollow fiber model of tuberculosis (HFS-TB) study using an MDR-TB clinical strain. Inhibitory sigmoid Emax model was used to describe the relationship between the drug exposure and bacterial burden. Results: Cefdinir MIC for Mtb H37Ra was 4 and 2 mg/L with or without avibactam, respectively. The MIC of the clinical strains ranged between 0.5 and 16 mg/L. In the test-tube experiments, cefdinir killed 4.93 + 0.07 log10 CFU/ml Mtb H37Ra in 7 days. In the HFS-TB studies, cefdinir showed dose-dependent killing of MDR-TB, without combination of avibactam. The cefdinir PK/PD index linked to the Mtb sterilizing efficacy was identified as the ratio of area under the concentration-time curve to MIC (AUC0–24/MIC) and optimal exposure was calculated as AUC0–24/MIC of 578.86. There was no resistance emergence to cefdinir in the HFS-TB. Conclusion: In the HFS-TB model, cefdinir showed efficacy against both drug susceptible and MDR-TB without combination of β-lactamase inhibitor. However, clinical validation of these findings remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashikant Srivastava
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Centre, Tyler, TX, United States.,Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Tania Thomas
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Dave Howe
- Quantitative Preclinical and Clinical Sciences Department, Praedicare Inc., Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Lesibana Malinga
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Prithvi Raj
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jan-Willem Alffenaar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tawanda Gumbo
- Quantitative Preclinical and Clinical Sciences Department, Praedicare Inc., Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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18
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Stephanie F, Saragih M, Tambunan USF. Recent Progress and Challenges for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050592. [PMID: 33919204 PMCID: PMC8143172 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection continues to be an issue, particularly in countries with a high tuberculosis (TB) burden in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. The effort to reduce the catastrophic cost of TB with the WHO’s End TB Strategy in 2035 is still obstructed by the emergence of drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) cases as result of various mutations of the MTB strain. In the approach to combat DR-TB, several potential antitubercular agents were discovered as inhibitors for various existing and novel targets. Host-directed therapy and immunotherapy also gained attention as the drug-susceptibility level of the pathogen can be reduced due to the pathogen’s evolutionary dynamics. This review is focused on the current progress and challenges in DR-TB treatment. We briefly summarized antitubercular compounds that are under development and trials for both DR-TB drug candidates and host-directed therapy. We also highlighted several problems in DR-TB diagnosis, the treatment regimen, and drug discovery that have an impact on treatment adherence and treatment failure.
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19
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Dos Santos MC, Scaini JLR, Lopes MVC, Rodrigues BG, Silva NO, Borges CRL, Dos Santos SC, Dos Santos Machado K, Werhli AV, da Silva PEA, Lourenço MCS, da Silva ET, de Souza MVN, de Lima VR, Gonçalves RSB. Mefloquine synergism with anti-tuberculosis drugs and correlation to membrane effects: Biologic, spectroscopic and molecular dynamics simulations studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104786. [PMID: 33740676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies displaying the combination of mefloquine (MFL) with anti-tuberculosis (TB) substances are limited in the literature. In this work, the effect of MFL-association with two first-line anti-TB drugs and six fluoroquinolones was evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistant strains. MFL showed synergistic interaction with isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and several fluoroquinolones, reaching fractional inhibitory concentration indexes (FICIs) ranging from 0.03 to 0.5. In order to better understand the observed results, two approaches have been explored: (i) spectroscopic responses attributed to the effect of MFL on physicochemical properties related to a liposomal membrane model composed by soybean asolectin; (ii) molecular dynamics (MD) simulation data regarding MFL interaction with a membrane model based on PIM2, a lipid constituent of the mycobacterial cell wall. FTIR and NMR data showed that MFL affects expressively the region between the phosphate and the first methylene groups of soybean asolectin membranes, disordering these regions. MD simulations results detected high MFL density in the glycolipid interface and showed that the drug increases the membrane lateral diffusion, enhancing its permeability. The obtained results suggest that synergistic activities related to MFL are attributed to its effect of lipid disorder and membrane permeability enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinalva Cardoso Dos Santos
- Grupo de Investigação de Interações Moleculares em Membranas, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - João Luís Rheingantz Scaini
- COMBI-Lab, Grupo de Biologia Computacional, Centro de Ciências Computacionais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcio Vinicius Costa Lopes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 - Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Gonçalves Rodrigues
- Grupo de Investigação de Interações Moleculares em Membranas, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Nichole Osti Silva
- Grupo de Investigação de Interações Moleculares em Membranas, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Roberta Lopes Borges
- Grupo de Investigação de Interações Moleculares em Membranas, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Sandra Cruz Dos Santos
- Grupo de Investigação de Interações Moleculares em Membranas, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Karina Dos Santos Machado
- COMBI-Lab, Grupo de Biologia Computacional, Centro de Ciências Computacionais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriano Velasque Werhli
- COMBI-Lab, Grupo de Biologia Computacional, Centro de Ciências Computacionais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Eduardo Almeida da Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria C S Lourenço
- Instituto de Pesquisas Clínica Evandro Chagas-IPEC, Av. Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emerson T da Silva
- FioCruz-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos-Far-Manguinhos, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcus V N de Souza
- FioCruz-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos-Far-Manguinhos, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vânia Rodrigues de Lima
- Grupo de Investigação de Interações Moleculares em Membranas, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Raoni Schroeder B Gonçalves
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 - Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil.
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20
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Sadeghi SS, Keyvanpour MR. An Analytical Review of Computational Drug Repurposing. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 18:472-488. [PMID: 31403439 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2019.2933825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drug repurposing is a vital function in pharmaceutical fields and has gained popularity in recent years in both the pharmaceutical industry and research community. It refers to the process of discovering new uses and indications for existing or failed drugs. It is cost-effective and reliable in contrast to experimental drug discovery, which is a costly, time-consuming, and risky process and limited to a relatively small number of targets. Accordingly, a plethora of computational methodologies have been propounded to repurpose drugs on a large scale by utilizing available high throughput data. The available literature, however, lacks a contemporary and comprehensive analysis of the current computational drug repurposing methodologies. In this paper, we presented a systematic analysis of computational drug repurposing which consists of three main sections: Initially, we categorize the computational drug repurposing methods based on their technical approach and artificial intelligence perspective and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of various methods. Secondly, some general criteria are recommended to analyze our proposed categorization. In the third and final section, a qualitative comparison is made between each approach which is a guide to understanding their preference to one another. Further, this systematic analysis can help in the efficient selection and improvement of drug repurposing techniques based on the nature of computational methods implemented on biological resources.
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21
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Synthesis and recycling of the mycobacterial cell envelope. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 60:58-65. [PMID: 33610125 PMCID: PMC8035080 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The unique mycobacterial cell wall is a layered structure of carbohydrates and lipids. The architecture and biosynthesis of the cell wall have largely been elucidated. Increasing evidence indicates that each cell wall layer is remodelled and recycled. There are opportunities to discover new essential enzymes in cell wall metabolism. Cell wall metabolism is a validated source of targets for tuberculosis drug discovery.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of the disease tuberculosis, is a recognised global health concern. The efficacy of the current treatment regime is under threat due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, directing an urgent requirement for the discovery of new anti-tubercular agents and drug targets. The mycobacterial cell wall is a well-validated drug target for Mtb and is composed of three adaptive macromolecular structures, peptidoglycan, arabinogalactan and mycolic acids, an array of complex lipids and carbohydrates. The majority of the enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis have been established, whilst studies directed towards the mechanisms of remodelling and recycling have been neglected. This review briefly describes mycobacterial cell wall synthesis, and focuses on aspects of remodelling and recycling, thus highlighting opportunities for future research.
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22
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Peraman R, Meka G, Chilamakuru NB, Kutagulla VK, Malla S, Ashby CR, Tiwari AK, Yiragamreddy PR. Novel stilbene scaffolds efficiently target Mycobacterium tuberculosis nucleoid-associated protein, HU. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05947a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel scaffolds of stilbene were identified as inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by targeting the nucleoid-associated protein, HU, using molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Peraman
- Medicinal chemistry Division
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER)-Autonomous
- Anantapur (AP)
- India
| | - Geethavani Meka
- Medicinal chemistry Division
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER)-Autonomous
- Anantapur (AP)
- India
| | - Naresh Babu Chilamakuru
- Medicinal chemistry Division
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER)-Autonomous
- Anantapur (AP)
- India
| | - Vinay Kumar Kutagulla
- Medicinal chemistry Division
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER)-Autonomous
- Anantapur (AP)
- India
| | - Saloni Malla
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- The University of Toledo
- Toledo
- USA
| | - Charles R. Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- St. John's University
- Queens
- USA
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- The University of Toledo
- Toledo
- USA
| | - Padmanabha Reddy Yiragamreddy
- Medicinal chemistry Division
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER)-Autonomous
- Anantapur (AP)
- India
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Chaves LL, Patriota Y, Soares-Sobrinho JL, Vieira ACC, Lima SAC, Reis S. Drug Delivery Systems on Leprosy Therapy: Moving Towards Eradication? Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1202. [PMID: 33322356 PMCID: PMC7763250 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy disease remains an important public health issue as it is still endemic in several countries. Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, presents tropism for cells of the reticuloendothelial and peripheral nervous system. Current multidrug therapy consists of clofazimine, dapsone and rifampicin. Despite significant improvements in leprosy treatment, in most programs, successful completion of the therapy is still sub-optimal. Drug resistance has emerged in some countries. This review discusses the status of leprosy disease worldwide, providing information regarding infectious agents, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, actual treatment and future perspectives and strategies on targets for an efficient targeted delivery therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luíse L. Chaves
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde, Rede de Química e Tecnologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.C.C.V.); (S.A.C.L.)
- Núcleo de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Correlatos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-521, Brazil; (Y.P.); (J.L.S.-S.)
| | - Yuri Patriota
- Núcleo de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Correlatos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-521, Brazil; (Y.P.); (J.L.S.-S.)
| | - José L. Soares-Sobrinho
- Núcleo de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos e Correlatos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-521, Brazil; (Y.P.); (J.L.S.-S.)
| | - Alexandre C. C. Vieira
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde, Rede de Química e Tecnologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.C.C.V.); (S.A.C.L.)
- Laboratório de Tecnologia dos Medicamentos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-521, Brazil
| | - Sofia A. Costa Lima
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde, Rede de Química e Tecnologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.C.C.V.); (S.A.C.L.)
- Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Salette Reis
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde, Rede de Química e Tecnologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.C.C.V.); (S.A.C.L.)
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In-vitro and ex-vivo characterization of novel mannosylated gelatin nanoparticles of linezolid by quality-by-design approach. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Evaluation of Ceftriaxone Plus Avibactam in an Intracellular Hollow Fiber Model of Tuberculosis: Implications for the Treatment of Disseminated and Meningeal Tuberculosis in Children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2020; 39:1092-1100. [PMID: 32773662 PMCID: PMC7654946 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ceftazidime-avibactam is an effective agent for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) but requires frequent administration because of a short half-life. Due to a longer half-life, ceftriaxone could allow intermittent dosing. METHODS First, we identified the MIC of ceftriaxone with 15 mg/L avibactam in 30 clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. Next, 2 ceftriaxone exposure-effect studies in the intracellular hollow fiber model of TB (HFS-TB) that mimics disseminated disease in young children, were performed. Ceftriaxone was administered once or twice daily for 28 days to explore percentage of time that the concentration persisted above MIC (%TMIC) ranging from 0 to 100%. In a third HFS-TB experiment, the "double cephalosporin" regimen of ceftazidime-ceftriaxone-avibactam was examined and analyzed using Bliss Independence. CONCLUSION The MIC99 of the clinical strains was 32 mg/L, in the presence of 15 mg/L avibactam. Ceftriaxone %TMIC <42 had no microbial effect in the HFS-TB, %TMIC >54% demonstrated a 4.1 log10 colony-forming units per milliliter M. tuberculosis kill, while %TMIC mediating Emax was 68%. The "double cephalosporin" combination was highly synergistic. Monte Carlo experiments of 10,000 subjects identified the optimal ceftriaxone dose as 100 mg/kg twice a day. CONCLUSION The combination of ceftriaxone-avibactam at 100 mg/kg could achieve Emax in >90% of children. The ceftriaxone potent activity M. tuberculosis could potentially shorten therapy in children with disseminated TB.
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Dalberto PF, de Souza EV, Abbadi BL, Neves CE, Rambo RS, Ramos AS, Macchi FS, Machado P, Bizarro CV, Basso LA. Handling the Hurdles on the Way to Anti-tuberculosis Drug Development. Front Chem 2020; 8:586294. [PMID: 33330374 PMCID: PMC7710551 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.586294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The global epidemic of tuberculosis (TB) imposes a sustained epidemiologic vigilance and investments in research by governments. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the main causative agent of TB in human beings, is a very successful pathogen, being the main cause of death in the population among infectious agents. In 2018, ~10 million individuals were contaminated with this bacillus and became ill with TB, and about 1.2 million succumbed to the disease. Most of the success of the M. tuberculosis to linger in the population comes from its ability to persist in an asymptomatic latent state into the host and, in fact, the majority of the individuals are unaware of being contaminated. Even though TB is a treatable disease and is curable in most cases, the treatment is lengthy and laborious. In addition, the rise of resistance to first-line anti-TB drugs elicits a response from TB research groups to discover new chemical entities, preferably with novel mechanisms of action. The pathway to find a new TB drug, however, is arduous and has many barriers that are difficult to overcome. Fortunately, several approaches are available today to be pursued by scientists interested in anti-TB drug development, which goes from massively testing chemical compounds against mycobacteria, to discovering new molecular targets by genetic manipulation. This review presents some difficulties found along the TB drug development process and illustrates different approaches that might be used to try to identify new molecules or targets that are able to impair M. tuberculosis survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luiz A. Basso
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Maitra A, Evangelopoulos D, Chrzastek A, Martin LT, Hanrath A, Chapman E, Hailes HC, Lipman M, McHugh TD, Waddell SJ, Bhakta S. Carprofen elicits pleiotropic mechanisms of bactericidal action with the potential to reverse antimicrobial drug resistance in tuberculosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 75:3194-3201. [PMID: 32790867 PMCID: PMC7566368 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rise of antimicrobial drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis coupled with the shortage of new antibiotics has elevated TB to a major global health priority. Repurposing drugs developed or used for other conditions has gained special attention in the current scenario of accelerated drug development for several global infectious diseases. In a similar effort, previous studies revealed that carprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, selectively inhibited the growth of replicating, non-replicating and MDR clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis. OBJECTIVES We aimed to reveal the whole-cell phenotypic and transcriptomic effects of carprofen in mycobacteria. METHODS Integrative molecular and microbiological approaches such as resazurin microtitre plate assay, high-throughput spot-culture growth inhibition assay, whole-cell efflux inhibition, biofilm inhibition and microarray analyses were performed. Analogues of carprofen were also synthesized and assessed for their antimycobacterial activity. RESULTS Carprofen was found to be a bactericidal drug that inhibited mycobacterial drug efflux mechanisms. It also restricted mycobacterial biofilm growth. Transcriptome profiling revealed that carprofen likely acts by targeting respiration through the disruption of membrane potential. The pleiotropic nature of carprofen's anti-TB action may explain why spontaneous drug-resistant mutants could not be isolated in practice. CONCLUSIONS This immunomodulatory drug and its chemical analogues have the potential to reverse TB antimicrobial drug resistance, offering a swift path to clinical trials of novel TB drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Maitra
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Dimitrios Evangelopoulos
- UCL Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Alina Chrzastek
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Liam T Martin
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Aidan Hanrath
- UCL Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Ellie Chapman
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Marc Lipman
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, UCL-TB and UCL Respiratory, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Timothy D McHugh
- UCL Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Simon J Waddell
- Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9PX, UK
| | - Sanjib Bhakta
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
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Abstract
Successful treatment of tuberculosis (TB) can be hampered by Mycobacterium tuberculosis populations that are temporarily able to survive antibiotic pressure in the absence of drug resistance-conferring mutations, a phenomenon termed drug tolerance. We summarize findings on M. tuberculosis tolerance published in the past 20 years. Key M. tuberculosis responses to drug pressure are reduced growth rates, metabolic shifting, and the promotion of efflux pump activity. Metabolic shifts upon drug pressure mainly occur in M. tuberculosis's lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis, with reduced tricarboxylic acid cycle activity in favor of lipid anabolism. Increased lipid anabolism plays a role in cell wall thickening, which reduces sensitivity to most TB drugs. In addition to these general mechanisms, drug-specific mechanisms have been described. Upon isoniazid exposure, M. tuberculosis reprograms several pathways associated with mycolic acid biosynthesis. Upon rifampicin exposure, M. tuberculosis upregulates the expression of its drug target rpoB Upon bedaquiline exposure, ATP synthesis is stimulated, and the transcription factors Rv0324 and Rv0880 are activated. A better understanding of M. tuberculosis's responses to drug pressure will be important for the development of novel agents that prevent the development of drug tolerance following treatment initiation. Such agents could then contribute to novel TB treatment-shortening strategies.
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Dubey KK, Indu, Sharma M. Reprogramming of antibiotics to combat antimicrobial resistance. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000168. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kashyap K. Dubey
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh Haryana India
- School of Biotechnology Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
| | - Indu
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh Haryana India
| | - Manisha Sharma
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh Haryana India
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Kumar A, Boradia VM, Thakare R, Singh AK, Gani Z, Das S, Patidar A, Dasgupta A, Chopra S, Raje M, Raje CI. Repurposing ethyl bromopyruvate as a broad-spectrum antibacterial. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:912-920. [PMID: 30689890 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria is a major hurdle for effective treatment of infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and ESKAPE pathogens. In comparison with conventional drug discovery, drug repurposing offers an effective yet rapid approach to identifying novel antibiotics. METHODS Ethyl bromopyruvate was evaluated for its ability to inhibit M. tuberculosis and ESKAPE pathogens using growth inhibition assays. The selectivity index of ethyl bromopyruvate was determined, followed by time-kill kinetics against M. tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus. We first tested its ability to synergize with approved drugs and then tested its ability to decimate bacterial biofilm. Intracellular killing of M. tuberculosis was determined and in vivo potential was determined in a neutropenic murine model of S. aureus infection. RESULTS We identified ethyl bromopyruvate as an equipotent broad-spectrum antibacterial agent targeting drug-susceptible and -resistant M. tuberculosis and ESKAPE pathogens. Ethyl bromopyruvate exhibited concentration-dependent bactericidal activity. In M. tuberculosis, ethyl bromopyruvate inhibited GAPDH with a concomitant reduction in ATP levels and transferrin-mediated iron uptake. Apart from GAPDH, this compound inhibited pyruvate kinase, isocitrate lyase and malate synthase to varying extents. Ethyl bromopyruvate did not negatively interact with any drug and significantly reduced biofilm at a 64-fold lower concentration than vancomycin. When tested in an S. aureus neutropenic thigh infection model, ethyl bromopyruvate exhibited efficacy equal to that of vancomycin in reducing bacterial counts in thigh, and at 1/25th of the dosage. CONCLUSIONS Ethyl bromopyruvate exhibits all the characteristics required to be positioned as a potential broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Phase X, Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Vishant Mahendra Boradia
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Phase X, Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Ritesh Thakare
- Division of Microbiology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Kumar Singh
- Division of Microbiology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zahid Gani
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Phase X, Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Swetarka Das
- Division of Microbiology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Patidar
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arunava Dasgupta
- Division of Microbiology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Microbiology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Raje
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Chaaya Iyengar Raje
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Phase X, Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
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Potential anti-TB investigational compounds and drugs with repurposing potential in TB therapy: a conspectus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5633-5662. [PMID: 32372202 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The latest WHO report estimates about 1.6 million global deaths annually from TB, which is further exacerbated by drug-resistant (DR) TB and comorbidities with diabetes and HIV. Exiguous dosing, incomplete treatment course, and the ability of the tuberculosis bacilli to tolerate and survive current first-line and second-line anti-TB drugs, in either their latent state or active state, has resulted in an increased prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and totally drug-resistant TB (TDR-TB). Although a better understanding of the TB microanatomy, genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, has resulted in the discovery of a few novel promising anti-TB drug targets and diagnostic biomarkers of late, no new anti-TB drug candidates have been approved for routine therapy in over 50 years, with only bedaquiline, delamanid, and pretomanid recently receiving tentative regulatory approval. Considering this, alternative approaches for identifying possible new anti-TB drug candidates, for effectively eradicating both replicating and non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are still urgently required. Subsequently, several antibiotic and non-antibiotic drugs with known treatment indications (TB targeted and non-TB targeted) are now being repurposed and/or derivatized as novel antibiotics for possible use in TB therapy. Insights gathered here reveal that more studies focused on drug-drug interactions between licensed and potential lead anti-TB drug candidates need to be prioritized. This write-up encapsulates the most recent findings regarding investigational compounds with promising anti-TB potential and drugs with repurposing potential in TB therapy.
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Drug Effect of Clofazimine on Persisters Explains an Unexpected Increase in Bacterial Load in Patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01905-19. [PMID: 32122887 PMCID: PMC7179644 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01905-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antituberculosis (anti-TB) drug development is dependent on informative trials to secure the development of new antibiotics and combination regimens. Clofazimine (CLO) and pyrazinamide (PZA) are important components of recommended standard multidrug treatments of TB. Paradoxically, in a phase IIa trial aiming to define the early bactericidal activity (EBA) of CLO and PZA monotherapy over the first 14 days of treatment, no significant drug effect was demonstrated for the two drugs using traditional statistical analysis. Antituberculosis (anti-TB) drug development is dependent on informative trials to secure the development of new antibiotics and combination regimens. Clofazimine (CLO) and pyrazinamide (PZA) are important components of recommended standard multidrug treatments of TB. Paradoxically, in a phase IIa trial aiming to define the early bactericidal activity (EBA) of CLO and PZA monotherapy over the first 14 days of treatment, no significant drug effect was demonstrated for the two drugs using traditional statistical analysis. Using a model-based analysis, we characterized the statistically significant exposure-response relationships for both drugs that could explain the original findings of an increase in the numbers of CFU with CLO treatment and no effect with PZA. Sensitive analyses are crucial for exploring drug effects in early clinical trials to make the right decisions for advancement to further development. We propose that this quantitative semimechanistic approach provides a rational framework for analyzing phase IIa EBA studies and can accelerate anti-TB drug development.
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Abrahams KA, Hu W, Li G, Lu Y, Richardson EJ, Loman NJ, Huang H, Besra GS. Anti-tubercular derivatives of rhein require activation by the monoglyceride lipase Rv0183. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6:100040. [PMID: 32743152 PMCID: PMC7389528 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2020.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and perseverance of drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) ensures that drug discovery efforts remain at the forefront of tuberculosis research. There are numerous different approaches that can be employed to lead to the discovery of anti-tubercular agents. In this work, we endeavored to optimize the anthraquinone chemical scaffold of a known drug, rhein, converting it from a compound with negligible activity against Mtb, to a series of compounds with potent activity. Two compounds exhibited low toxicity and good liver microsome stability and were further progressed in attempts to identify the biological target. Whole genome sequencing of resistant isolates revealed inactivating mutations in a monoglyceride lipase. Over-expression trials and an enzyme assay confirmed that the designed compounds are prodrugs, activated by the monoglyceride lipase. We propose that rhein is the active moiety of the novel compounds, which requires chemical modifications to enable access to the cell through the extensive cell wall structure. This work demonstrates that re-engineering of existing antimicrobial agents is a valid method in the development of new anti-tubercular compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Abrahams
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, 97 Ma Chang Street, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Emily J Richardson
- MicrobesNG, Units 1-2 First Floor, The BioHub, Birmingham Research Park, 97 Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2SQ, UK
| | - Nicholas J Loman
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Haihong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Teixeira C, Ventura C, Gomes JRB, Gomes P, Martins F. Cinnamic Derivatives as Antitubercular Agents: Characterization by Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Studies. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030456. [PMID: 31973244 PMCID: PMC7037561 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains one of the top ten causes of death worldwide and the main cause of mortality from a single infectious agent. The upsurge of multi- and extensively-drug resistant tuberculosis cases calls for an urgent need to develop new and more effective antitubercular drugs. As the cinnamoyl scaffold is a privileged and important pharmacophore in medicinal chemistry, some studies were conducted to find novel cinnamic acid derivatives (CAD) potentially active against tuberculosis. In this context, we have engaged in the setting up of a quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) strategy to: (i) derive through multiple linear regression analysis a statistically significant model to describe the antitubercular activity of CAD towards wild-type Mtb; and (ii) identify the most relevant properties with an impact on the antitubercular behavior of those derivatives. The best-found model involved only geometrical and electronic CAD related properties and was successfully challenged through strict internal and external validation procedures. The physicochemical information encoded by the identified descriptors can be used to propose specific structural modifications to design better CAD antitubercular compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Teixeira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (F.M.)
| | - Cristina Ventura
- Instituto Superior de Educação e Ciências, P-1750-142 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José R. B. Gomes
- CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filomena Martins
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB), Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (F.M.)
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Pierson E, Haufroid M, Gosain TP, Chopra P, Singh R, Wouters J. Identification and Repurposing of Trisubstituted Harmine Derivatives as Novel Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Phosphoserine Phosphatase. Molecules 2020; 25:E415. [PMID: 31963843 PMCID: PMC7024313 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is still the deadliest bacterial pathogen worldwide and the increasing number of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases further complicates this global health issue. M. tuberculosis phosphoserine phosphatase SerB2 is a promising target for drug design. Besides being a key essential metabolic enzyme of the pathogen's serine pathway, it appears to be involved in immune evasion mechanisms. In this work, a malachite green-based phosphatase assay has been used to screen 122 compounds from an internal chemolibrary. Trisubstituted harmine derivatives were found among the best hits that inhibited SerB2 activity. Synthesis of an original compound helped to discuss a brief structure activity relationship evaluation. Kinetics experiments showed that the most potent derivatives inhibit the phosphatase in a parabolic competitive fashion with apparent inhibition constants ( K i ) values in the micromolar range. Their interaction modes with the enzyme were investigated through induced fit docking experiments, leading to results consistent with the experimental data. Cellular assays showed that the selected compounds also inhibited M. tuberculosis growth in vitro. Those promising results may provide a basis for the development of new antimycobacterial agents targeting SerB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Pierson
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique Structurale (CBS), Namur Medicine and Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Marie Haufroid
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique Structurale (CBS), Namur Medicine and Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Tannu Priya Gosain
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Pankaj Chopra
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Johan Wouters
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique Structurale (CBS), Namur Medicine and Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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Narang R, Kumar R, Kalra S, Nayak SK, Khatik GL, Kumar GN, Sudhakar K, Singh SK. Recent advancements in mechanistic studies and structure activity relationship of FoF1 ATP synthase inhibitor as antimicrobial agent. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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White DS, Choy CJ, Moural TW, Martin SE, Wang J, Gargaro S, Kang C, Berkman CE. Bis(benzoyl) phosphate inactivators of beta-lactamase C from Mtb. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2116-2118. [PMID: 31281019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The class A β-lactamase BlaC is a cell surface expressed serine hydrolase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), one of the causative agents for Tuberculosis in humans. Mtb has demonstrated increased susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics upon inactivation of BlaC; thus, making BlaC a rational enzyme target for therapeutic agents. Herein, we present the synthesis and structure-activity-relationship data for the 1st-generation library of bis(benzoyl) phosphates (1-10). Substituent effects ranged from σp = -0.27 to 0.78 for electronic and π = -0.41 to 1.98 for hydrophobic parameters. Compounds 1, 4 and 5 demonstrated the greatest inhibitory potency against BlaC in a time-dependent manner (kobs = 0.212, 0.324, and 0.450 mn-1 respectively). Combined crystal structure data and mass spectrometric analysis of a tryptic digest for BlaC inactivated with 4 provided evidence that the mechanism of inactivation by this bis(benzoyl) phosphate scaffold occurs via phosphorylation of the active-site Ser-70, ultimately leading to an aged form of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawanna S White
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, United States
| | - Cindy J Choy
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, United States
| | - Timothy W Moural
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, United States
| | - Stacy E Martin
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Washington State University, Tissue Imaging and Proteomics Laboratory, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, United States
| | - Samantha Gargaro
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, United States
| | - ChulHee Kang
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, United States
| | - Clifford E Berkman
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, United States.
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Rani J, Silla Y, Borah K, Ramachandran S, Bajpai U. Repurposing of FDA-approved drugs to target MurB and MurE enzymes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:2521-2532. [PMID: 31244382 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1637280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one amongst the top 10 causes of death worldwide. The growing rise in antibiotic resistance compounded with slow and expensive drug discovery has further aggravated the situation. 'Drug repurposing' is a promising approach where known drugs are examined for a new indication. In the present study, we have attempted to identify drugs that could target MurB and MurE enzymes involved in the muramic acid synthesis pathway (Mur Pathway) in Mtb. FDA-approved drugs from two repositories i.e. Drug Bank (1932 drugs) and e-LEA3D (1852 drugs) were screened against these proteins. Several criteria were applied to study the protein-drug interactions and the consensus drugs were further studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Our study found Sulfadoxine (-7.3 kcal/mol) and Pyrimethamine (-7.8 kcal/mol) to show stable interaction with MurB while Lifitegrast (-10.5 kcal/mol) and Sildenafil (-9.1 kcal/mol) showed most reliable interaction with MurE. Furthermore, binding free energy (ΔGbind), RMSD and RMSF data and the number of hydrogen bonds corroborated the stability of interactions and hence these drugs for repurposing should be explored further.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Rani
- Department of Biomedical Science, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.,G. N. Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India
| | - Yumnam Silla
- Advanced Computation and Data Sciences Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, India
| | - Kasmika Borah
- Advanced Computation and Data Sciences Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, India
| | - Srinivasan Ramachandran
- G. N. Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India
| | - Urmi Bajpai
- Department of Biomedical Science, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Pushkaran AC, Vinod V, Vanuopadath M, Nair SS, Nair SV, Vasudevan AK, Biswas R, Mohan CG. Combination of Repurposed Drug Diosmin with Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid Causes Synergistic Inhibition of Mycobacterial Growth. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6800. [PMID: 31043655 PMCID: PMC6494880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective therapeutic regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) are limited. They are comprised of multiple drugs that inhibit the essential cellular pathways in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The present study investigates an approach which enables a combination of Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid (AMC) and a repurposed drug for its synergistic effect towards TB treatment. We identified Diosmin (DIO), by targeting the active site residues of L,D-transpeptidase (Ldt) enzymes involved in Mtb cell wall biosynthesis by using a structure-based drug design method. DIO is rapidly converted into aglycone form Diosmetin (DMT) after oral administration. Binding of DIO or DMT towards Ldt enzymes was studied using molecular docking and bioassay techniques. Combination of DIO (or DMT) and AMC exhibited higher mycobactericidal activity against Mycobacterium marinum as compared to individual drugs. Scanning electron microscopy study of M. marinum treated with AMC-DIO and AMC-DMT showed marked cellular leakage. M. marinum infected Drosophila melanogaster fly model showed an increased fly survival of ~60% upon treatment with a combination of AMC and DIO (or DMT). Finally, the enhanced in vitro antimicrobial activity of AMC-DIO was validated against Mtb H37Ra and a MDR clinical isolate. Our results demonstrate the potential for AMC and DIO (or DMT) as a synergistic combination for the treatment of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Choorakottayil Pushkaran
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Vivek Vinod
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Shantikumar V Nair
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Anil Kumar Vasudevan
- Department of Microbiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Raja Biswas
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India.
| | - Chethampadi Gopi Mohan
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India.
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Singh SK, Nath G, Kumar A, Sellamuthu SK. Design, Synthesis and Biological Profiling of Novel Phenothiazine Derivatives as Potent Antitubercular Agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/2211352516666180730121013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Neuroleptic phenothiazines have been reported for antitubercular activity, but
the unwanted side effect (antipsychotic activity) restricted their use as antitubercular drugs.
Objective:
The study aimed to carry out development of phenothiazine based antitubercular agents by
modifying/removing the chemical group(s)/ linker(s) of chlorpromazine essential for exerting an
antipsychotic effect.
Methods:
The designed molecules were filtered with a cut-off of docking score < 2.0 Kcal/mol against
dopamine receptors, so that their binding with the receptor would be reduced to produce no/ less antipsychotic
effect. The molecules were then synthesized and screened against M. tuberculosis H37Rv.
They were further screened against a gram-positive (S. aureus) and a gram-negative (E. coli) bacterial
strains to evaluate the spectrum of activity. The ability of the compounds to cross the blood-brain barrier
(BBB) was also analyzed. The compounds were further examined for cytotoxicity (CC50) against
mammalian VERO cells.
Results:
Compounds 14p, 15p and 16p were found to be the most effective against all the strains viz. M.
tuberculosis H37Rv, S. aureus and E. coli with MIC of 1.56µg/ml, 0.98µg/ml and 3.91µg/ml, respectively.
Further, BBB permeability was found to be diminished in comparison to chlorpromazine, which
would ultimately reduce the unwanted antipsychotic activity. They were also found to be free from toxicity
against VERO cells.
Conclusion:
The designed strategy, to enhance the antitubercular activity with concomitant reduction of
dopamine receptor binding and BBB permeability was proved to be fruitful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K. Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Gopal Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Satheesh K. Sellamuthu
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, India
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Optimized Background Regimen for Treatment of Active Tuberculosis with the Next-Generation Benzothiazinone Macozinone (PBTZ169). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00840-18. [PMID: 30126954 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00840-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of the standardized four-drug regimen (comprising isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) is menaced by the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Intensive efforts have been made to develop new antibiotics or to repurpose old drugs, and several of these are currently being evaluated in clinical trials for their antitubercular activity. Among the new candidate drugs is macozinone (MCZ), the piperazine-containing benzothiazinone PBTZ169, which is currently being evaluated in phase I/II clinical trials. Here, we determined the in vitro and in vivo activity of MCZ in combination with a range of anti-TB drugs in order to design a new regimen against active TB. Two-drug combinations with MCZ were tested against M. tuberculosis using checkerboard and CFU enumeration after drug exposure assays. MCZ was observed to have no interactions with all first- and second-line anti-TB drugs. At the MIC of each drug, MCZ with either bedaquiline (BDQ), clofazimine (CLO), delamanid (DMD), or sutezolid (STZ) reduced the bacterial burden by 2 logs compared to that achieved with the drugs alone, indicating synergism. MCZ also displayed synergism with clomiphene (CLM), a potential inhibitor of the undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase (UppS) in mycobacteria. For all the other drugs tested in combination with MCZ, no synergistic activity was observed. Neither antagonism nor increased cytotoxicity was found for most combinations, suggesting that MCZ could be added to different TB treatment regimens without any significant adverse effects.
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Simithy J, Fuanta NR, Alturki M, Hobrath JV, Wahba AE, Pina I, Rath J, Hamann MT, DeRuiter J, Goodwin DC, Calderón AI. Slow-Binding Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Shikimate Kinase by Manzamine Alkaloids. Biochemistry 2018; 57:4923-4933. [PMID: 30063132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis represents a significant public health crisis. There is an urgent need for novel molecular scaffolds against this pathogen. We screened a small library of marine-derived compounds against shikimate kinase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( MtSK), a promising target for antitubercular drug development. Six manzamines previously shown to be active against M. tuberculosis were characterized as MtSK inhibitors: manzamine A (1), 8-hydroxymanzamine A (2), manzamine E (3), manzamine F (4), 6-deoxymanzamine X (5), and 6-cyclohexamidomanzamine A (6). All six showed mixed noncompetitive inhibition of MtSK. The lowest KI values were obtained for 6 across all MtSK-substrate complexes. Time-dependent analyses revealed two-step, slow-binding inhibition. The behavior of 1 was typical; initial formation of an enzyme-inhibitor complex (EI) obeyed an apparent KI of ∼30 μM with forward ( k5) and reverse ( k6) rate constants for isomerization to an EI* complex of 0.18 and 0.08 min-1, respectively. In contrast, 6 showed a lower KI for the initial encounter complex (∼1.5 μM), substantially faster isomerization to EI* ( k5 = 0.91 min-1), and slower back conversion of EI* to EI ( k6 = 0.04 min-1). Thus, the overall inhibition constants, KI*, for 1 and 6 were 10 and 0.06 μM, respectively. These findings were consistent with docking predictions of a favorable binding mode and a second, less tightly bound pose for 6 at MtSK. Our results suggest that manzamines, in particular 6, constitute a new scaffold from which drug candidates with novel mechanisms of action could be designed for the treatment of tuberculosis by targeting MtSK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johayra Simithy
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy , Auburn University , 4306 Walker Building , Auburn , Alabama 36849 , United States
| | - Ngolui Rene Fuanta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Auburn University , 179 Chemistry Building , Auburn , Alabama 36849 , United States
| | - Mansour Alturki
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy , Auburn University , 4306 Walker Building , Auburn , Alabama 36849 , United States
| | - Judith V Hobrath
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama 35294 , United States
| | - Amir E Wahba
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Damietta University , Damietta , Egypt
| | - Ivett Pina
- Departments of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine , The Medical University of South Carolina , 70 President Street, MSP 139 , Charleston , South Carolina 29425 , United States
| | - Jnanendra Rath
- Department of Botany , Visva-Bharati University , Santiniketan , West Bengal 731235 , India
| | - Mark T Hamann
- Departments of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine , The Medical University of South Carolina , 70 President Street, MSP 139 , Charleston , South Carolina 29425 , United States
| | - Jack DeRuiter
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy , Auburn University , 4306 Walker Building , Auburn , Alabama 36849 , United States
| | - Douglas C Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Auburn University , 179 Chemistry Building , Auburn , Alabama 36849 , United States
| | - Angela I Calderón
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy , Auburn University , 4306 Walker Building , Auburn , Alabama 36849 , United States
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Sahu NU, Singh V, Ferraris DM, Rizzi M, Kharkar PS. Hit discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase, GuaB2, inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1714-1718. [PMID: 29699922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a global concern. There is an urgent need of newer antitubercular drugs due to the development of resistant forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), guaB2, of Mtb, required for guanine nucleotide biosynthesis, is an attractive target for drug development. In this study, we screened a focused library of 73 drug-like molecules with desirable calculated/predicted physicochemical properties, for growth inhibitory activity against drug-sensitive MtbH37Rv. The eight hits and mycophenolic acid, a prototype IMPDH inhibitor, were further evaluated for activity on purified Mtb-GuaB2 enzyme, target selectivity using a conditional knockdown mutant of guaB2 in Mtb, followed by cross-resistance to IMPDH inhibitor-resistant SRMV2.6 strain of Mtb, and activity on human IMPDH2 isoform. One of the hits, 13, a 5-amidophthalide derivative, has shown growth inhibitory potential and target specificity against the Mtb-GuaB2 enzyme. The hit, 13, is a promising molecule with potential for further development as an antitubercular agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niteshkumar U Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400 056, India
| | - Vinayak Singh
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Davide M Ferraris
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Menico Rizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Prashant S Kharkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400 056, India.
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Evaluation of isoprinosine to be repurposed as an adjunct anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. Med Hypotheses 2018; 115:77-80. [PMID: 29685203 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Isoprinosine (Inos) or immunovir is a synthetic purine derivative with immune-modulatory and antiviral properties. The drug shows apparent in vivo enhancement of host immune responses by inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and rapid proliferation of T-cell subsets. Strikingly, the cytokines induced by Inos also play crucial roles in providing immune resistance against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Inos has been licensed for several antiviral diseases; however, its efficacy against Mtb has not been tested yet. Since Mtb subverts the host immune system to survive within the host. Therefore, we hypothesized that the immune-stimulatory properties of Inos can be explored as an adjunct therapy for the management of tuberculosis. We have also outlined a systematic direction of study to evaluate if Inos could be repurposed for tuberculosis. The in vivo studies for therapeutic evaluation of Inos alone or in combination with the first line anti-TB drugs in a suitable TB disease model would provide a clearer picture of its utility as a host-directed anti-TB drug and may endow us with a new application of an existing drug to combat tuberculosis.
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Cavanaugh JS, Jou R, Wu MH, Dalton T, Kurbatova E, Ershova J, Cegielski JP. Susceptibilities of MDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates to unconventional drugs compared with their reported pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:1678-1687. [PMID: 28333192 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The second-line drugs recommended to treat drug-resistant TB are toxic, expensive and difficult to procure. Given increasing resistance, the need for additional anti-TB drugs has become more urgent. But new drugs take time to develop and are expensive. Some commercially available drugs have reported anti-mycobacterial activity but are not routinely used because supporting laboratory and clinical evidence is sparse. Methods We analysed 217 MDR M. tuberculosis isolates including 153 initial isolates from unique patients and 64 isolates from follow-up specimens during the course of treatment. The resazurin microdilution assay was performed to determine MICs of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, mefloquine, thioridazine, clofazimine, amoxicillin/clavulanate, meropenem/clavulanate, nitazoxanide, linezolid and oxyphenbutazone. Isoniazid was used for validation. We calculated the MIC 50 and MIC 90 as the MICs at which growth of 50% and 90% of isolates was inhibited, respectively. Results The MIC 50 s, in mg/L, for initial isolates were as follows: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 0.2/4; mefloquine, 8; thioridazine, 4; clofazimine, 0.25; amoxicillin/clavulanate, 16/8; meropenem/clavulanate, 1/2.5; nitazoxanide, 16; linezolid, 0.25; and oxyphenbutazone, 40. The MIC 90 s, in mg/L, for initial isolates were as follows: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 0.4/8; mefloquine, 8; thioridazine, 8; clofazimine, 0.5; amoxicillin/clavulanate, 32/16; meropenem/clavulanate, 8/2.5; nitazoxanide, 16; linezolid, 0.25; and oxyphenbutazone, 60. By comparison, the MIC 90 of isoniazid was >4 mg/L, as expected. There was no evidence that previous treatment affected susceptibility to any drug. Conclusions Most drugs demonstrated efficacy against M. tuberculosis . When these MICs are compared with the published pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles of the respective drugs in humans, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, meropenem/clavulanate, linezolid, clofazimine and nitazoxanide appear promising and warrant further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Cavanaugh
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ruwen Jou
- Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mei-Hua Wu
- Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tracy Dalton
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Julia Ershova
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Peter Cegielski
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Maitra A, Kamil TK, Shaik M, Danquah CA, Chrzastek A, Bhakta S. Early diagnosis and effective treatment regimens are the keys to tackle antimicrobial resistance in tuberculosis (TB): A report from Euroscicon's international TB Summit 2016. Virulence 2017; 8:1005-1024. [PMID: 27813702 PMCID: PMC5626228 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1256536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To say that tuberculosis (TB) has regained a strong foothold in the global human health and wellbeing scenario would be an understatement. Ranking alongside HIV/AIDS as the top reason for mortality due to a single infectious disease, the impact of TB extends far into socio-economic context worldwide. As global efforts led by experts and political bodies converge to mitigate the predicted outcome of growing antimicrobial resistance, the academic community of students, practitioners and researchers have mobilised to develop integrated, inter-disciplinary programmes to bring the plans of the former to fruition. Enabling this crucial requirement for unimpeded dissemination of scientific discovery was the TB Summit 2016, held in London, United Kingdom. This report critically discusses the recent breakthroughs made in diagnostics and treatment while bringing to light the major hurdles in the control of the disease as discussed in the course of the 3-day international event. Conferences and symposia such as these are the breeding grounds for successful local and global collaborations and therefore must be supported to expand the understanding and outreach of basic science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Maitra
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Tengku Karmila Kamil
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Monisha Shaik
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Cynthia Amaning Danquah
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Alina Chrzastek
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Sanjib Bhakta
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
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Identification of Mycobacterial Genes Involved in Antibiotic Sensitivity: Implications for the Treatment of Tuberculosis with β-Lactam-Containing Regimens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00425-17. [PMID: 28438925 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00425-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In a Mycobacterium smegmatis mutant library screen, transposon mutants with insertions in fhaA, dprE2, rpsT, and parA displayed hypersusceptibility to antibiotics, including the β-lactams meropenem, ampicillin, amoxicillin, and cefotaxime. Sub-MIC levels of octoclothepin, a psychotic drug inhibiting ParA, phenocopied the parA insertion and enhanced the bactericidal activity of meropenem against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in combination with clavulanate. Our study identifies novel factors associated with antibiotic resistance, with implications in repurposing β-lactams for tuberculosis treatment.
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Antibiotic-non-antibiotic combinations for combating extremely drug-resistant Gram-negative 'superbugs'. Essays Biochem 2017; 61:115-125. [PMID: 28258235 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20160058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance of Gram-negative pathogens has become a worldwide crisis. The status quo for combating resistance is to employ synergistic combinations of antibiotics. Faced with this fast-approaching post-antibiotic era, it is critical that we devise strategies to prolong and maximize the clinical efficacy of existing antibiotics. Unfortunately, reports of extremely drug-resistant (XDR) Gram-negative pathogens have become more common. Combining antibiotics such as polymyxin B or the broad-spectrum tetracycline and minocycline with various FDA-approved non-antibiotic drugs have emerged as a novel combination strategy against otherwise untreatable XDR pathogens. This review surveys the available literature on the potential benefits of employing antibiotic-non-antibiotic drug combination therapy. The apex of this review highlights the clinical utility of this novel therapeutic strategy for combating infections caused by 'superbugs'.
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Brindha S, Sundaramurthi JC, Velmurugan D, Vincent S, Gnanadoss JJ. Docking-based virtual screening of known drugs against murE of Mycobacterium tuberculosis towards repurposing for TB. Bioinformation 2016; 12:359-367. [PMID: 28275291 PMCID: PMC5312000 DOI: 10.6026/97320630012368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Repurposing has gained momentum globally and become an alternative avenue for drug discovery because of its better success rate,
and reduced cost, time and issues related to safety than the conventional drug discovery process. Several drugs have already been
successfully repurposed for other clinical conditions including drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). Though TB can be cured
completely with the use of currently available anti-tubercular drugs, emergence of drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
and the huge death toll globally, together necessitate urgently newer and effective drugs for TB. Therefore, we performed virtual
screening of 1554 FDA approved drugs against murE, which is essential for peptidoglycan biosynthesis of M. tuberculosis. We used
Glide and AutoDock Vina for virtual screening and applied rigid docking algorithm followed by induced fit docking algorithm in
order to enhance the quality of the docking prediction and to prioritize drugs for repurposing. We found 17 drugs binding strongly
with murE and three of them, namely, lymecycline, acarbose and desmopressin were consistently present within top 10 ranks by both
Glide and AutoDock Vina in the induced fit docking algorithm, which strongly indicates that these three drugs are potential
candidates for further studies towards repurposing for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Devadasan Velmurugan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai - 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Savariar Vincent
- Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai - 600034, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abrahams KA, Chung CW, Ghidelli-Disse S, Rullas J, Rebollo-López MJ, Gurcha SS, Cox JAG, Mendoza A, Jiménez-Navarro E, Martínez-Martínez MS, Neu M, Shillings A, Homes P, Argyrou A, Casanueva R, Loman NJ, Moynihan PJ, Lelièvre J, Selenski C, Axtman M, Kremer L, Bantscheff M, Angulo-Barturen I, Izquierdo MC, Cammack NC, Drewes G, Ballell L, Barros D, Besra GS, Bates RH. Identification of KasA as the cellular target of an anti-tubercular scaffold. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12581. [PMID: 27581223 PMCID: PMC5025758 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic screens for bactericidal compounds are starting to yield promising hits against tuberculosis. In this regard, whole-genome sequencing of spontaneous resistant mutants generated against an indazole sulfonamide (GSK3011724A) identifies several specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the essential Mycobacterium tuberculosis β-ketoacyl synthase (kas) A gene. Here, this genomic-based target assignment is confirmed by biochemical assays, chemical proteomics and structural resolution of a KasA-GSK3011724A complex by X-ray crystallography. Finally, M. tuberculosis GSK3011724A-resistant mutants increase the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration and the in vivo 99% effective dose in mice, establishing in vitro and in vivo target engagement. Surprisingly, the lack of target engagement of the related β-ketoacyl synthases (FabH and KasB) suggests a different mode of inhibition when compared with other Kas inhibitors of fatty acid biosynthesis in bacteria. These results clearly identify KasA as the biological target of GSK3011724A and validate this enzyme for further drug discovery efforts against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Abrahams
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Chun-wa Chung
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | | | - Joaquín Rullas
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Rebollo-López
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sudagar S. Gurcha
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jonathan A. G. Cox
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alfonso Mendoza
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Jiménez-Navarro
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Margarete Neu
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | | | - Paul Homes
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | | | - Ruth Casanueva
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicholas J. Loman
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Patrick J. Moynihan
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Joël Lelièvre
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolyn Selenski
- GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, PO Box 1539, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, USA
| | - Matthew Axtman
- GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, PO Box 1539, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, USA
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE 3689, Centre d'études d'agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
- INSERM, CPBS, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Marcus Bantscheff
- Cellzome—a GSK Company, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iñigo Angulo-Barturen
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Cacho Izquierdo
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicholas C. Cammack
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerard Drewes
- Cellzome—a GSK Company, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lluis Ballell
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Barros
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gurdyal S. Besra
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Robert H. Bates
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
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