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Zhu Y, Feng Z, Xu Y, Luo S, Zhang R, Shi X, Wu X, Zhang H. Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis based on cyp141 via real-time fluorescence loop-mediated isothermal amplification (cyp141-RealAmp). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1349063. [PMID: 38938885 PMCID: PMC11208306 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1349063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is essential for controlling tuberculosis. Methods We designed a portable thermocycler-based real-time fluorescence loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (cyp141-RealAmp) using six oligonucleotide primers derived from cyp141 to detect MTB. A combined number of 213 sputum samples (169 obtained from clinically diagnosed cases of pulmonary TB and 44 from a control group without tuberculosis) underwent Acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear, culture, Xpert MTB/RIF assays, and cyp141-RealAmp assay. Results By targeting MTB cyp141, this technique could detect as low as 10 copies/reaction within 30 min, and it was successfully rejected by other mycobacteria and other bacterial species tested. Of the 169 patients, there was no statistical difference between the detection rate of cyp141-RealAmp (92.90%, 95% CI: 89.03-96.07) and that of Xpert MTB/RIF (94.67%, 95% CI: 91.28-98.06) (P > 0.05), but both were statistically higher than that of culture (65.68%, 95% CI: 58.52-72.84) (P< 0.05) and AFB (57.40%, 95% CI: 49.94-64.86) (P< 0.05). Both cyp141-RealAmp and Xpert MTB/RIF had a specificity of 100%. Furthermore, a high concordance between cyp141-RealAmp and Xpert MTB/RIF was found (Kappa = 0.89). Conclusion The cyp141-RealAmp assay was shown to be effective, responsive, and accurate in this study. This method offers a prospective strategy for the speedy and precise detection of MTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Zhu
- Department of Microbial Testing, Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi Feng
- Department of Microbial Testing, Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinfang Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sha Luo
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruixian Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xudong Shi
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuping Wu
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Microbial Testing, Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Mohamud AK, Ali IA, Ali AI, Dirie NI, Inchon P, Ahmed OA, Mohamud AA. Assessment of healthcare workers' knowledge and attitude on Ebola virus disease in Somalia: a multicenter nationwide survey. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1650. [PMID: 37641041 PMCID: PMC10464228 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In September 2022, a new Ebola outbreak was reported in Uganda, East Africa, and 142 confirmed cases, including 19 Healthcare workers (HCWs) reported. Ebola is not endemic in Somalia, but the country is at a reasonable risk of the virus being introduced due to the direct connection with daily flights from Uganda without border health control and prevention activities. Therefore, evaluating HCWs' Knowledge and attitude is crucial since this is the first time being evaluated in Somalia. The study's objective is to evaluate the HCWs' Knowledge and attitude toward the Ebola virus disease in Somalia. METHOD An online self-administrated cross-sectional survey was conducted among HCWs (n = 1103) in all six federal member states of Somalia using a validated, reliable, well-structured questionnaire. Data we analyzed using descriptive statistics and Logistic regression were used to determine sociodemographic characteristics associated with poor Knowledge and negative attitude. RESULT Over one-third (37.3%) of HCWs had poor Knowledge; the mean knowledge score was 7.97 SD ± 2.15. Almost 40.1% of the HCWs had a negative attitude; the mean attitude was 27.81 SD ± 8.06. Low-income HCWs (AOR = 2.06, 95%CI:1.01-4.19), Married HCWs (AOR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.110-1.963), Midwives (AOR = 2.76, 95%CI: 1.74-4.39), Lab technicians (AOR = 2.43, 95%CI: 1.43-4.14), HCWs work in Jubaland state of Somalia (AOR = 3.69, 95%CI: 2.39-5.70), Galmudug state (AOR = 8.50, 95%CI: 4.59-15.77), Hirshabelle state (AOR = 3.18, 95%CI: 2.15-4.71) were more likely to have poor Knowledge compared to their counterparts. HCWs who work in Hirshabelle state (AOR = 5.44,95%CI: 3.58-8.27), Jubaland state (AOR = 8.47, 95%CI: 4.69-15.29), and Galmudug state (AOR = 4.43, 95%CI: 3.03-6.48) was more likely to have a negative attitude than those working in the Banadir region administration. CONCLUSION Most Somali healthcare workers showed good Knowledge and a positive attitude toward the Ebola virus. The implementation to enhance Knowledge and attitude must specifically focus on low-income HCWs, Midwives, Lab technicalities, and those who work in Hirshabelle, Jubaland, and Galmudug states of Somalia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ikran Abdulkadir Ali
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Yardimeli Hospital Mogadishu, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Ahmed Isse Ali
- Dermatology of Department, Mogadishu-Somali Turkey Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Najib Isse Dirie
- Department of Urology, Dr Sumait Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Pamornsri Inchon
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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Oruganti S, Lakshmi Gundimeda S, Buddolla V, Anantha Lakshmi B, Kim YJ. Paper-based diagnostic chips for viral detection. Clin Chim Acta 2023:117413. [PMID: 37263536 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Viruses cause various diseases in humans, and pose serious health risks to individuals and populations worldwide. As a result, various diagnostic procedures and methods have been developed to prevent, manage, and reduce the burden of viral diseases, each with its own benefits and drawbacks. Among these, paper-based diagnostic chips are becoming increasingly common because of their speed, accuracy, convenience, and economical and environmental friendliness. These paper-based diagnostic tests have ideal point-of-care (POC) diagnostic applications, particularly in personalized healthcare. Paper-based diagnostics have emerged as innovative and low-cost solutions for diagnosing viral diseases in remote and underdeveloped regions where traditional diagnostic methods are not readily available. These tests are easy to use, require minimal equipment, and can be performed by nonspecialized personnel, making them accessible even in resource-constrained settings. In this review, we discuss recent developments in paper-based diagnostic chips, the importance of improved methods for identifying viral pathogens, drawbacks of traditional detection techniques, and challenges and prospects of paper-based diagnostic chips for the detection of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Oruganti
- Dr. Buddolla's Institute of Life Sciences, Tirupati-517506, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Viswanath Buddolla
- Dr. Buddolla's Institute of Life Sciences, Tirupati-517506, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Buddolla Anantha Lakshmi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Republic of Korea.
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Mulenga-Cilundika P, Ekofo J, Kabanga C, Criel B, Van Damme W, Chenge F. Indirect Effects of Ebola Virus Disease Epidemics on Health Systems in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia: A Scoping Review Supplemented with Expert Interviews. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13113. [PMID: 36293703 PMCID: PMC9602680 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) epidemics have been extensively documented and have received large scientific and public attention since 1976. Until July 2022, 16 countries worldwide had reported at least one case of EVD, resulting in 43 epidemics. Most of the epidemics occurred in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) but the largest epidemic occurred from 2014-2016 in Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia in West Africa. The indirect effects of EVD epidemics on these countries' health systems, i.e., the consequences beyond infected patients and deaths immediately related to EVD, can be significant. The objective of this review was to map and measure the indirect effects of the EVD epidemics on the health systems of DRC, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia and, from thereon, draw lessons for strengthening their resilience vis-à-vis future EVD outbreaks and other similar health emergencies. A scoping review of published articles from the PubMed database and gray literature was conducted. It was supplemented by interviews with experts. Eighty-six articles were included in this review. The results were structured based on WHO's six building blocks of a health system. During the EVD outbreaks, several healthcare services and activities were disrupted. A significant decline in indicators of curative care utilization, immunization levels and disease control activities was noticeable. Shortages of health personnel, poor health data management, insufficient funding and shortages of essential drugs characterized the epidemics that occurred in the above-mentioned countries. The public health authorities had virtually lost their leadership in the management of an EVD response. Governance was characterized by the development of a range of new initiatives to ensure adequate response. The results of this review highlight the need for countries to invest in and strengthen their health systems, through the continuous reinforcement of the building blocks, even if there is no imminent risk of an epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Mulenga-Cilundika
- Centre de Connaissances en Santé en République Démocratique du Congo, Kinshasa 3088, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi 1825, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Joel Ekofo
- Centre de Connaissances en Santé en République Démocratique du Congo, Kinshasa 3088, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Chrispin Kabanga
- Centre de Connaissances en Santé en République Démocratique du Congo, Kinshasa 3088, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Bart Criel
- Centre de Connaissances en Santé en République Démocratique du Congo, Kinshasa 3088, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Damme
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Faustin Chenge
- Centre de Connaissances en Santé en République Démocratique du Congo, Kinshasa 3088, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi 1825, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Nadji SA, Varahram M, Marjani M, Sadr M, Seyedmehdi SM, Bayat S, Hassani S. COVID-19 Pandemic and Tuberculosis Control: A Narrative Review. TANAFFOS 2022; 21:408-412. [PMID: 37583775 PMCID: PMC10423866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Background The world is currently struggling with the COVID-19pandemic. Measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic have affected other health problems and diseases, including tuberculosis (TB) and its control. The present narrative review aimed at reviewing published literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB control. Materials and Methods English language databases, including PubMed, ISI, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched using the keywords "Tuberculosis, COVID-19, and Coronavirus" to find relevant articles. Results Problems and limitations in financial and human resources, as well as medical and laboratory services caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, contribute to the reduction in the number of newly diagnosed patients with TB. More effort in identifying patients with TB is of great importance, and if the global number of newly diagnosed patients with TB decreases by 25% for three consecutive months due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the TB mortality rate will increase by 13%. An increase in the TB mortality rate means the failure of TB control programs to reach the targets of the Global End TB Strategy. Conclusion According to the latest statistics released by the Ministry of Health, the incidence of TB in Iran has not yet reached fewer than 100 cases per million population. On the other hand, being a neighbor with countries with a high risk of TB is a serious threat to Iran. Therefore, further effort to control TB during the COVID-19 pandemic is particularly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Alireza Nadji
- Virology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Varahram
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Marjani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences ,Tehran, Iran
| | - Makan Sadr
- Virology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Seyedmehdi
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simindokht Bayat
- Tuberculosis Coordinator, Health Vice Chancellor, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Hassani
- Virology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian Research Center on Ageing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hogan KM, Bangura HS, Li J, Kamara MAS, Jiang J, von Fricken ME. Impact of the Ebola Virus Outbreak on Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence and Outcomes in a Military Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 106:tpmd210176. [PMID: 35292595 PMCID: PMC9128699 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact and disruption of infectious disease outbreaks stretch far beyond their direct death toll, as they often overburden health systems, reduce treatment seeking behaviors, and interrupt treatment regimens. This study examines the impact of the 2014-2016 Ebola virus outbreak on tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes at the 34 Military Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone. We used retrospective data from 1,085 TB patient outcome data registers to build a multinomial logistic regression model to evaluate the change in TB treatment outcomes before and after the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) declaration in August 2014. These results showed that HIV status, patient age, whether patients had active versus latent TB, and the time since the start of the outbreak were significantly associated with TB treatment outcomes. The model showed an increase in probability of unknown and unsuccessful (died or treatment failed) treatment outcomes with each month after the PHEIC declaration, across age groups, TB status, and HIV status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Hogan
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | | | - Jing Li
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | | | - Jiafu Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
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Shimizu K, Checchi F, Warsame A. Disparities in Health Financing Allocation among Infectious Diseases in Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)-Affected Countries, 2005–2017. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020179. [PMID: 35206794 PMCID: PMC8872520 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks impacted the population health due to overstretched health systems and disrupted essential health services. Despite a call to achieve equal financial allocation depending on public health needs, there has been scant examination of the fairness of investment among infectious diseases. This study analyzes the extent to which equitable development assistance for health (DAH) has been provided in accordance with disease burden in EVD-affected countries. Estimates of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2017 and DAH Database 1990–2019 in 2005–2017 were analyzed by disease category: vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, and EVD. HIV/AIDS generally recorded higher ratios of DAH per DALYs (DAH/DALYs). Malaria and tuberculosis showed different trends by country, and VPDs generally presented lower ratios. In West Africa in 2013–2016, DAH/DALYs surged in EVD and fluctuated in HIV/AIDS and malaria. Tuberculosis and VPDs consistently recorded lower ratios. To achieve the risk reduction during and after health emergencies, optimal funding allocation between diseases based on the disease burden is warranted in the pre-emergency period, along with measurement of immediate health needs of populations in real-time during an emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Shimizu
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, Cowdray House, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- Health in Humanitarian Crises Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (F.C.); (A.W.)
- Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Roppongi Grand Tower 34F, 3-2-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-6234, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Checchi
- Health in Humanitarian Crises Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (F.C.); (A.W.)
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Abdihamid Warsame
- Health in Humanitarian Crises Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (F.C.); (A.W.)
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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Chapman HJ, Veras-Estévez BA. Lessons Learned During the COVID-19 Pandemic to Strengthen TB Infection Control: A Rapid Review. GLOBAL HEALTH, SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021; 9:964-977. [PMID: 34933990 PMCID: PMC8691887 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-21-00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In light of competing health priorities of COVID-19 and TB, we propose recommendations to strengthen health system preparedness for optimal TB control across low- and middle-income countries during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Introduction: Over the past 5 years, substantial global investment has resulted in reduced TB incidence rates by 9% and mortality rates by 14%. However, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has hindered access and availability of TB services to maintain robust TB control. The objective of this rapid review was to describe the challenges to be addressed and recommendations to strengthen health system preparedness for optimal TB control across low- and middle-income countries during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Five databases were used to systematically search for relevant articles published in 2020. The 5-step framework proposed by Arskey and O'Malley and adapted by Levac et al. guided the review process. Thematic analysis with grounded theory principles was used to summarize themes from selected articles and integrate analyses with barriers reported from authors' previous TB research. Results: Of the 218 peer-reviewed articles, 20 articles met the inclusion criteria. Four emerging themes described challenges: (1) unprepared health system leadership and infrastructure, (2) coexisting health priorities, (3) insufficient health care workforce support for continued training and appropriate workplace environments, and (4) weak connections to primary health centers hindering community engagement. Four recommendations were highlighted: (1) ensuring leadership and governance for sustainable national health budgets, (2) building networks of community stakeholders, (3) supporting health care workforce training and safe workplace environments, and (4) using digital health interventions for TB care. Conclusions: National health systems must promote patient-centered TB care, implement ethical community interventions, support operational research, and integrate appropriate eHealth applications. TB program managers and primary care practitioners can serve as instrumental leaders and patient advocates to deliver high-quality and sustainable TB care that leads to achieving the targets of the End TB Strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena J Chapman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Demographics and clinical characteristics of hospitalised patients under investigation for COVID-19 with an initial negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR test result. Afr J Emerg Med 2021; 11:429-435. [PMID: 34603945 PMCID: PMC8469219 DOI: 10.1016/j.afjem.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic is placing abnormally high and ongoing demands on healthcare systems. Little is known about the full effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on diseases other than COVID-19 in the South African setting. Objective To describe a cohort of hospitalised patients under investigation for SARS-CoV-2 that initially tested negative. Methods Consecutive patients hospitalised at Khayelitsha Hospital from April to June 2020, whose initial polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 was negative were included. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, ICD-10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision) diagnosis, referral to tertiary level facilities and ICU, and all-cause in-hospital mortality were collected. The 90-day re-test rate was determined and comparisons were made using the χ2-test and the independent samples median test. Results Overall, 261 patients were included: median age 39.8 years, 55.6% female (n = 145). Frequent comorbidities included HIV (41.4%), hypertension (26.4%), and previous or current tuberculosis (24.1%). Nine (3.7%) patients were admitted to ICU and 38 (15.6%) patients died. Ninety-three patients (35.6%) were re-tested and 21 (22.6%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2. The top primary diagnoses related to respiratory diseases (n = 82, 33.6%), and infectious and parasitic diseases (n = 62, 25.4%). Thirty-five (14.3%) had a COVID-19 diagnostic code assigned (26 without microbiological confirmation) and 43 (16.5%) had tuberculosis. Older age (p = 0.001), chronic renal impairment (p = 0.03) and referral to higher level of care (all p < 0.001; ICU p = 0.03) were more frequent in those that died. Conclusion Patients with tuberculosis and other diseases are still presenting to emergency centres with symptoms that may be attributable to SARS-CoV-2 and requiring admission. Extreme vigilance will be necessary to diagnosis and treat tuberculosis and other diseases as we emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Evidence of TB Services at Primary Healthcare Level during COVID-19: A Scoping Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122221. [PMID: 34943458 PMCID: PMC8700083 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major public health concern, despite the availability of preventative and curative therapies. Significant progress has been made in the past decade towards its control. However, the emergence of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disrupted numerous essential health services, including those for TB. This scoping review maps the available evidence on TB services at the primary healthcare (PHC) level during the COVID-19 period. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Medline OVID, Medline EBSCO, and Scopus. A total of 820 articles were retrieved from the databases and 21 met the eligibility criteria and were used for data extraction. The emerging themes were the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB services, patient and provider experiences, recommendations for TB services during the COVID-19 period, and the implementation of the recommendations. The review found that the mitigation strategies, as well as fear and stigma experienced at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic may have led to TB cases potentially going undetected, which may threaten TB treatment outcomes. Therefore, efforts must be directed at finding these missing cases and ensuring that PHC facilities are equipped to adequately diagnose and treat them.
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11
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Yang X, Huang J, Chen X, Xiao Z, Wang X, Chen Y, Zheng W, Chen W, Chen H, Lei S, Hu Y, Li S. Rapid and Visual Differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis From the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Using Multiplex Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Coupled With a Nanoparticle-Based Lateral Flow Biosensor. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:708658. [PMID: 34408738 PMCID: PMC8365424 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.708658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), but other members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), especially Mycobacterium bovis (pyrazinamide-resistant organisms), may also be involved. Thus, the ability to rapidly detect and identify MTB from other MTBC members (e.g., M. bovis, Mycobacterium microti, Mycobacterium africanum) is essential for the prevention and treatment of TB. A novel diagnostic method for the rapid detection and differentiation of MTB, which employs multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (mLAMP) combined with a nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensor (LFB), was established (mLAMP-LFB). Two sets of specific primers that target the IS6110 and mtp40 genes were designed according to the principle of LAMP. Various pathogens were used to optimize and evaluate the mLAMP-LFB assay. The optimal conditions for mLAMP-LFB were determined to be 66°C and 40 min, and the amplicons were directly verified by observing the test lines on the biosensor. The LAMP assay limit of detection (LoD) was 125 fg per vessel for the pure genomic DNA of MTB and 4.8 × 103 CFU/ml for the sputum samples, and the analytical specificity was 100%. In addition, the whole process, including the clinical specimen processing (35 min), isothermal amplification (40 min), and result confirmation (1-2 min), could be completed in approximately 80 min. Thus, mLAMP-LFB is a rapid, reliable, and sensitive method that is able to detect representative members of MTBC and simultaneously differentiate MTB from other MTBC members, and it can be used as a potential screening tool for TB in clinical, field, and basic laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinggui Yang
- Public Health School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Junfei Huang
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Ziyu Xiao
- Public Health School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Public Health School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Yijiang Chen
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenlin Zheng
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Huijuan Chen
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Shiguang Lei
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Public Health School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shijun Li
- Public Health School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
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12
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Tabassum R, Ashfaq M, Oku H. Current Pharmaceutical Aspects of Synthetic Quinoline Derivatives. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:1152-1172. [PMID: 33319670 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520999201214234735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Quinoline derivatives are considered broad-spectrum pharmacological compounds that exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Integration of quinoline moiety can improve its physical and chemical properties and also pharmacological behavior. Due to its wide range of pharmaceutical applications, it is a very popular compound to design new drugs for the treatment of multiple diseases like cancer, dengue fever, malaria, tuberculosis, fungal infections, AIDS, Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. In this review, our major focus is to pay attention to the biological activities of quinoline compounds in the treatment of these diseases such as anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-malarial, antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-tubercular and anti-diabetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukhsana Tabassum
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 36100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 36100, Pakistan
| | - Hiroyuki Oku
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science & Engineering Gunma University, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
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13
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Essam BA, Abdo MS. How Do Arab Tweeters Perceive the COVID-19 Pandemic? JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH 2021; 50:507-521. [PMID: 32797330 PMCID: PMC7427268 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-020-09715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Language reflects several cognitive variables that are grounded in cognitive linguistics, psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics. This paper examines how Arab populations reacted to the COVID-19 pandemic on Twitter over twelve weeks since the outbreak. We conducted a lexicon-based thematic analysis using corpus tools, and LIWC and applied R language's stylo. The dominant themes that were closely related to coronavirus tweets included the outbreak of the pandemic, metaphysics responses, signs and symptoms in confirmed cases, and conspiracism. The psycholinguistic analysis also showed that tweeters maintained high levels of affective talk, which was loaded with negative emotions and sadness. Also, LIWC's psychological categories of religion and health dominated the Arabic tweets discussing the pandemic situation. In addition, the contaminated counties that captured most of the attention of Arabic tweeters were China, the USA, Italy, Germany, India, and Japan. At the same time, China and the USA were instrumental in evoking conspiracist ideation about spreading COVID-19 to the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bacem A Essam
- Department of Computer Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Muhammad S Abdo
- English Language Resource Center (ELRC), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Konduri S, Pogaku V, Prashanth J, Siva Krishna V, Sriram D, Basavoju S, Behera JN, Prabhakara Rao K. Sacubitril‐Based Urea and Thiourea Derivatives as Novel Inhibitors for Anti‐Tubercular against Dormant
Tuberculosis. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srihari Konduri
- New Generation Materials Lab (NGML), Department of Science and Humanities Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research (VFSTR)(Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi Guntur 522 213, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Vinay Pogaku
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Warangal 506 004 Telangana India
| | - Jyothi Prashanth
- Department of Physics Kakatiya University, Warangal- 506009 Telangana India
| | - Vagolu Siva Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shameerpet, Jawaharnagar Hyderabad 500 078 India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shameerpet, Jawaharnagar Hyderabad 500 078 India
| | - Srinivas Basavoju
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Warangal 506 004 Telangana India
| | - J. N. Behera
- School of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha India
- HomiBhabha National Institute Anushakti Nagar Mumbai 400 094 India
| | - Koya Prabhakara Rao
- New Generation Materials Lab (NGML), Department of Science and Humanities Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research (VFSTR)(Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi Guntur 522 213, Andhra Pradesh India
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15
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Design a pediatric isolation bed and characterization of its purification efficacy in ambient air. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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16
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Mitchell EMH, Adejumo OA, Abdur-Razzaq H, Ogbudebe C, Chukwueme N, Olorunju SB, Gidado M. Hybrid Approach to Estimation of Underreporting of Tuberculosis Case Notification in High-Burden Settings With Weak Surveillance Infrastructure: Design and Implementation of an Inventory Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e22352. [PMID: 33720030 PMCID: PMC8088841 DOI: 10.2196/22352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The greatest risk of infectious disease undernotification occurs in settings with limited capacity to detect it reliably. World Health Organization guidance on the measurement of misreporting is paradoxical, requiring robust, independent systems to assess surveillance rigor. Methods are needed to estimate undernotification in settings with incomplete, flawed, or weak surveillance systems. This study attempted to design a tuberculosis (TB) inventory study that balanced rigor with feasibility for high-need settings. OBJECTIVE This study aims to design a hybrid TB inventory study for contexts without World Health Organization preconditions. We estimated the proportion of TB cases that were not reported to the Ministry of Health in 2015. The study sought to describe TB surveillance coverage and quality at different levels of TB care provision. Finally, we aimed to identify structural-, facility-, and provider-level barriers to notification and reasons for underreporting, nonreporting, and overreporting. METHODS Retrospective partial digitalization of paper-based surveillance and facility records preceded deterministic and probabilistic record linkage; a hybrid of health facilities and laboratory census with a stratified sampling of HFs with no capacity to notify leveraged a priori knowledge. Distinct extrapolation methods were applied to the sampled health facilities to estimate bacteriologically confirmed versus clinical TB. In-depth interviews and focus groups were used to identify causal factors responsible for undernotification and test the acceptability of remedies. RESULTS The hybrid approach proved viable and instructive. High-specificity verification of paper-based records in the field was efficient and had minimal errors. Limiting extrapolation to clinical cases improved precision. Probabilistic record linkage is computationally intensive, and the choice of software influences estimates. Record absence, decay, and overestimation of the private sector TB treatment behavior threaten validity, meriting mitigation. Data management demands were underestimated. Treatment success was modest in all sectors (R=37.9%-72.0%) and did not align with treatment success reported by the state (6665/8770, 75.99%). One-fifth of TB providers (36/178, 20%) were doubtful that the low volume of patients with TB treated in their facility merited mastery of the extensive TB notification forms and procedures. CONCLUSIONS Subnational inventory studies can be rigorous, relevant, and efficient in countries that need them even in the absence of World Health Organization preconditions, if precautions are taken. The use of triangulation techniques, with minimal recourse to sampling and extrapolation, and the privileging of practical information needs of local decision makers yield reasonable misreporting estimates and viable policy recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M H Mitchell
- Tropical Infectious Diseases, Department of Public Health, Institute for Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Samson Bamidele Olorunju
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha Gidado
- KNCV TB Foundation, Koninklijke Centrale Vereniging tot bestrijding der Tuberculose (KNCV), The Hague, Netherlands
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17
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Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has disturbed the delivery of health care in almost all countries of the world. This has affected mostly the public health control programs. Because of lock downs, restrictions in movement, psychological fear of contacting the disease in health care facilities, diversion of health care workers for containment and management of COVID-19, utilization of diagnostic facilities like CBNAAT machines for COVID work, conversion of hospitals for care of these patients, financial diversion etc has created issues in the NTEP to focuss on TB control in India. Case notification and other areas of the program to achieve End TB by 2025 have suffered. Various ways of overcoming these difficulties have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Behera
- Dept. of Pulmonary Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research & Capacity Building in Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India,National Task Force (NTEP/RNTCP),Corresponding author. Tel.: +91 172 2756822, 9815705357 (mobile)
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18
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Gautier L, Karambé Y, Dossou JP, Samb OM. Rethinking development interventions through the lens of decoloniality in sub-Saharan Africa: The case of global health. Glob Public Health 2020; 17:180-193. [PMID: 33290183 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1858134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There has been much talk about decolonizing global health lately. The movement, which has arisen in various communities around the world, suggests an interesting critique of the Western dominant model of representations. Building upon the 'decolonial thinking' movement from the perspective of Francophone African philosophers, we comment on its potential for inspiring the field of global healthinterventions. Using existing literature and personal reflections, we reflect on two widely known illustrations of global health interventions implemented in sub-Saharan Africa - distribution of contraceptives and dissemination of Ebola virus prevention and treatment devices - featuring different temporal backdrops. We show how these solutions have most often targeted the superficial dimensions of global health problems, sidestepping the structures and mental models that shape the actions and reactions of African populations. Lastly, we question the ways through which the decolonial approach might indeed offer a credible positioning for rethinking global health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Gautier
- Département de Gestion, Évaluation et Politique de Santé, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Centre de recherche en santé publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Sociology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Paul Dossou
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Humaine et en Démographie, Cotonou, Benin.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Oumar Mallé Samb
- Département des sciences de la santé, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, Canada
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19
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Public perception of COVID-19’s global health crisis on Twitter until 14 weeks after the outbreak. DIGITAL SCHOLARSHIP IN THE HUMANITIES 2020; 36:fqaa037. [PMCID: PMC7499507 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Because language represents advanced aspects of human cognition, studying linguistic styles and figurative meaning have proven effective in measuring embodied cognition about the external world. This article defines the most worrisome topics people discussed from Weeks 1 to 14 after the outbreak and compares the message delivered by the literal use of words to the figurative use of metaphoric expressions. We bootstrapped representative data from Twitter over 14 weeks since the inception of the outbreak to be analyzed thematically using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) 2015 software as well as corpus tools. The MetaNet database, corpus tools, and manual annotation were used to detect expressions that can be linguistically mapped to the formalized list of conceptual metaphors. The most frequently tagged themes included ‘the outbreak of the pandemic, its epidemiology, its prophylaxis measures, national and world economies, media’, as well as the ‘signs and symptoms of COVID-19’. Although LIWC-based analysis showed English-speaking tweeters maintained high levels of analytical thinking, elevated levels of anger, anxiety, and doubtfulness, there were discrepancies and improper conceptualization of the clinical picture of the pandemic.
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20
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Alene KA, Wangdi K, Clements ACA. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tuberculosis Control: An Overview. Trop Med Infect Dis 2020; 5:E123. [PMID: 32722014 PMCID: PMC7558533 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed5030123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, pandemics of viral infections such as HIV, Ebola and Influenza have disrupted health care systems, including the prevention and control of endemic diseases. Such disruption has resulted in an increased burden of endemic diseases in post-pandemic periods. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic could cause severe dysfunction in the prevention and control of tuberculosis (TB), the infectious disease that causes more deaths than any other, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where the burden of TB is high. The economic and health crisis created by the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the public health measures currently taken to stop the spread of the virus may have an impact on household TB transmission, treatment and diagnostic services, and TB prevention and control programs. Here, we provide an overview of the potential impact of COVID-19 on TB programs and disease burden, as well as possible strategies that could help to mitigate the impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefyalew Addis Alene
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia;
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Kinley Wangdi
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;
| | - Archie C A Clements
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia;
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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21
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Lakoh S, Jiba DF, Adekanmbi O, Poveda E, Sahr F, Deen GF, Foray LM, Gashau W, Hoffmann CJ, Salata RA, Yendewa GA. Diagnosis and treatment outcomes of adult tuberculosis in an urban setting with high HIV prevalence in Sierra Leone: A retrospective study. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 96:112-118. [PMID: 32339724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnosis, treatment outcomes, and predictors of mortality in adult tuberculosis (TB) patients in an urban setting with a high HIV prevalence. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted of adult TB patients aged ≥15 years who were treated at Connaught Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone from January through December 2017. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of mortality. RESULTS Of 1127 TB cases notified in 2017, 1105 (98%) were tested for HIV, yielding a TB/HIV co-infection rate of 32.0%. Only HIV-tested cases (n=1105) were included in the final analysis. The majority were male (69.3%), aged 25-34 years (29.2%), and had pulmonary TB (96.3%). Treatment outcomes were as follows: 29.0% cured, 29.0% completed, 0.5% treatment failure, 24.2% lost to follow-up, 12.8% transferred/not evaluated, and 4.5% died. The majority of deaths (80.0%, 40/50) occurred within 2 months of TB treatment initiation. Age 65 years or older (adjusted odds ratio 3.48, 95% confidence interval 1.15-10.56; p=0.027) and HIV-positive status (adjusted odds ratio 3.50, 95% confidence interval 1.72-7.12; p=0.001) were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS Suboptimal TB treatment outcomes were observed in Sierra Leone in 2017. More local and international action is warranted to help achieve the 2035 global TB elimination targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Lakoh
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone; Department of Medicine, University of Sierra Leone Teaching Hospitals Complex, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
| | - Darlinda F Jiba
- Department of Medicine, University of Sierra Leone Teaching Hospitals Complex, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Olukemi Adekanmbi
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Eva Poveda
- Group of Virology and Pathogenesis, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, SERGAS-Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Foday Sahr
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Gibrilla F Deen
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone; Department of Medicine, University of Sierra Leone Teaching Hospitals Complex, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Lynda M Foray
- National TB and Leprosy Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Government of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Wadzani Gashau
- College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | | | - Robert A Salata
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - George A Yendewa
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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22
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Marvadi SK, Krishna VS, Surineni G, Srilakshmi Reshma R, Sridhar B, Sriram D, Kantevari S. Synthesis, in vitro, and in vivo (Zebra fish) antitubercular activity of 7,8-dihydroquinolin-5(6H)-ylidenehydrazinecarbothioamides. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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23
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Abstract
This book explores the topic of resilience at the city level. The focus is more on outbreak events at the city level, or how cities should prepare and react in facing the larger events of epidemic and pandemic.
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24
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Reuter A, Hughes J, Furin J. Challenges and controversies in childhood tuberculosis. Lancet 2019; 394:967-978. [PMID: 31526740 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Children bear a substantial burden of suffering when it comes to tuberculosis. Ironically, they are often left out of the scientific and public health advances that have led to important improvements in tuberculosis diagnosis, treatment, and prevention over the past decade. This Series paper describes some of the challenges and controversies in paediatric tuberculosis, including the epidemiology and treatment of tuberculosis in children. Two areas in which substantial challenges and controversies exist (ie, diagnosis and prevention) are explored in more detail. This Series paper also offers possible solutions for including children in all efforts to end tuberculosis, with a focus on ensuring that the proper financial and human resources are in place to best serve children exposed to, infected with, and sick from all forms of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Reuter
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Khayelitsha, South Africa
| | - Jennifer Hughes
- Desmond Tutu Tuberculosis Center, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Jennifer Furin
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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25
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Evaluation of the performance of the National Tuberculosis Program of Liberia during the 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1221. [PMID: 31484578 PMCID: PMC6806576 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liberia is among the three west African countries which were crippled by the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak of 2014. One of the programs which was affected by the EVD outbreak was the National Leprosy and Tuberculosis Control Program (NLTCP). Determining the magnitude of the impact of EVD on the NLTCP performance is crucial in restoring the service and in devising effective post EVD strategies. The purpose of the study was to analyse the impact of EVD outbreak on the performance of the NLTCP of the Ministry of Health (MOH) OF Liberia. METHODS A cross sectional study design was conducted in 2016 using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data was used for the Tuberculosis (TB) program evaluation before EVD (2012-2013) and during EVD (2014-2015). Qualitative data was used to complement the data obtained for the quantitative study. Descriptive statistical analyses of quantitative data were conducted using Microsoft Excel. RESULTS Notified TB cases of all forms decreased from 7822 in 2013 to 4763 and 6118 in 2014 and 2015 respectively. The number increased to 7180 and 7728 in 2016 and 2017 respectively. The TB treatment success rate was 71 and 61% in 2014 and 2015 respectively compared to the 83% in 2013. The treatment success rate was 77% in 2016. The loss to follow up (LTFU) was as high as 47% in some regions which were highly affected by the EVD outbreak. The national average LTFU was 5-10% in 2012-2013 and 16 and 21% in 2014 and 2015 respectively. The percentage of TB patients with known HIV result decreased from 75% in 2013 to 74 and 42% in 2014 and 2015 respectively. TB culture and drug susceptibility testing service was interrupted throughout the outbreak. The results of the focal group discussions and interviews conducted in our study also indicated that the TB case finding and the TB treatment outcome was significantly affected by the EVD outbreak. CONCLUSION Notified TB cases and treatment outcome was significantly affected by the EVD outbreak which occurred in 2014 and 2015 in Liberia. Effective restoration strategies should be developed in order to improve the TB case finding and treatment outcome.
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26
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Ultrasonication-ionic liquid synergy for the synthesis of new potent anti-tuberculosis 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl-pyrazole based spirooxindolopyrrolizidines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1682-1687. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Malvy D, McElroy AK, de Clerck H, Günther S, van Griensven J. Ebola virus disease. Lancet 2019; 393:936-948. [PMID: 30777297 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)33132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ebolaviruses are pathogenic agents associated with a severe, potentially fatal, systemic disease in man and great apes. Four species of ebolaviruses have been identified in west or equatorial Africa. Once the more virulent forms enter the human population, transmission occurs primarily through contact with infected body fluids and can result in major epidemics in under-resourced settings. These viruses cause a disease characterised by systemic viral replication, immune suppression, abnormal inflammatory responses, major fluid and electrolyte losses, and high mortality. Despite recent progress on vaccines, and with no licensed prophylaxis or treatment available, case management is essentially supportive with management of severe multiple organ failure resulting from immune-mediated cell damage. The 2013-16 outbreak was classified by WHO as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, which drew attention to the challenges of diseases caused by infections with ebolaviruses and questioned scientific, clinical, and societal preparation to handle future epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Malvy
- Department for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Hospital Centre of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Anita K McElroy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Stephan Günther
- Department of Virology, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
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28
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Marvadi SK, Krishna VS, Sriram D, Kantevari S. Synthesis of novel morpholine, thiomorpholine and N-substituted piperazine coupled 2-(thiophen-2-yl)dihydroquinolines as potent inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 164:171-178. [PMID: 30594675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel morpholine, thiomorpholine and N-substituted piperazine coupled 2-(thiophen-2-yl)dihydroquinolines 7a-p was designed and synthesized from 2-acetyl thiophene in six step reaction sequence involving modified Bohlmann-Rahtz and Vilsmeier-Haack-Arnold reactions as key transformations. 2-(Thiophen-2-yl)dihydroquinoline was formylated and subsequently chlorinated using DMF-POCl3. The resulting aldehyde was reduced to give an alcohol and then converted to bromide using PBr3. Further coupling of bromide with morpholine, thiomorpholine and N-substituted piperazines resulted in the desired quinolines 7a-p in very good yields. All the new derivatives 7a-p were characterized by their NMR and mass spectral analysis. In vitro screening of new compounds for antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (MTB), resulted in two derivatives 7f and 7p as most potent antitubercular agents (MIC:1.56 μg/mL) with lower cytotoxicity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Marvadi
- Fluro & Agrochemicals Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Vagolu Siva Krishna
- Medicinal Chemistry and Antimycobacterial Research Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Medicinal Chemistry and Antimycobacterial Research Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Srinivas Kantevari
- Fluro & Agrochemicals Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India.
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29
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Wickett E, Peralta-Santos A, Beste J, Micikas M, Toe F, Rogers J, Jabateh L, Wagenaar BH. Treatment outcomes of TB-infected individuals attending public sector primary care clinics in rural Liberia from 2015 to 2017: a retrospective cohort study. Trop Med Int Health 2018. [PMID: 29524302 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In June 2015, Partners in Health (PIH) and the Liberian Ministry of Health began a community health worker (CHW) programme containing food support, reimbursement of transport and social assistance to address gaps in tuberculosis (TB) treatment exacerbated by the 2014-2015 Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic. The purpose of this article was to analyse the performance of routine clinical TB care and the effects of this CHW programme. METHODS Retrospective cohort study utilising data from TB patient registers at a census of all health facilities treating TB in the south-east region of Liberia from January 2015 - April 2017. Competing risks Cox regression analyses were used to generate subhazard ratios (sHR) analysing factors associated with rates of TB cure (smear negative), treatment completion (no smear), lost to follow-up (LTFU) and death. RESULTS LTFU rates decreased 76% pre- vs. post-CHW intervention, from 14.6% in pre-intervention to 3.4% post-intervention (P < 0.001). Although the post-intervention had better cure rates (sHR 1.07, CI 0.58-1.9), treatment completion (sHR 1.53, CI 1.00 2.39) and lower death rates (sHR 0.64, CI 0.34-1.2), statistical significance was not reached. Younger patients had significantly lower death and cure rates, while older patients had higher LTFU and cure rates. Overall, 31% of patients were cured, 44% completed treatment without a confirmatory smear, 5% were LTFU, 9% died, 0.5% failed treatment, and 10% transferred out. CONCLUSIONS In challenging environments, LTFU can be reduced by CHW accompaniment and socio-economic assistance to patients with TB. Approaches are needed to improve cure verification in young patients and reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - André Peralta-Santos
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jason Beste
- Partners in Health, Monrovia, Liberia.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Bradley H Wagenaar
- Partners in Health, Monrovia, Liberia.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Health Alliance International, Seattle, WA, USA
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30
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Dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene and N-methyl carbazole tethered 2-aminothiazoles and their cinnamamides as potent inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1610-1614. [PMID: 29598909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein described the design, synthesis and antitubercular evaluation of novel series of dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene and N-methyl carbazole tethered 2-aminothiazoles and their cinnamamide analogs. One pot condensation of N-methyl carbazole, dibenzofuran and dibenzothiophene methyl ketones with thiourea in the presence of Iodine and CuO gave respective 2-aminothiazoles 4-6 in very good yields. Aminothiazoles were further coupled with substituted cinnamic acids using acid-amine coupling conditions to give desired cinnamamide analogs 8a-e, 9a-e and 10a-e. All the newly synthesized compounds were fully characterized by their NMR and mass spectral analysis. In vitro screening of new derivatives against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb) resulted 8c, 10d and 10e (MIC: 0.78 µg/mL) and 2-aminothiazoles 5 and 6 (MIC: 1.56 µg/mL) as potent compounds with lower cytotoxicity profile.
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31
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Bing-Yuan, Zhang YH, Leung NH, Cowling BJ, Yang ZF. Role of viral bioaerosols in nosocomial infections and measures for prevention and control. JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE 2018; 117:200-211. [PMID: 32226118 PMCID: PMC7094610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The presence of patients with diverse pathologies in hospitals results in an environment that can be rich in various microorganisms including respiratory and enteric viruses, leading to outbreaks in hospitals or spillover infections to the community. All hospital patients are at risk of nosocomial viral infections, but vulnerable groups such as older adults, children and immuno-compromised/-suppressed patients are at particular risk of severe outcomes including prolonged hospitalization or death. These pathogens could transmit through direct or indirect physical contact, droplets or aerosols, with increasing evidence suggesting the importance of aerosol transmission in nosocomial infections of respiratory and enteric viruses. Factors affecting the propensity to transmit and the severity of disease transmitted via the aerosol route include the biological characteristics affecting infectivity of the viruses and susceptibility of the host, the physical properties of aerosol particles, and the environmental stresses that alter these properties such as temperature and humidity. Non-specific systematic and individual-based interventions designed to mitigate the aerosol route are available although empirical evidence of their effectiveness in controlling transmission of respiratory and enteric viruses in healthcare settings are sparse. The relative importance of aerosol transmission in healthcare setting is still an on-going debate, with particular challenge being the recovery of infectious viral bioaerosols from real-life settings and the difficulty in delineating transmission events that may also be a result of other modes of transmission. For the prevention and control of nosocomial infections via the aerosol route, more research is needed on identifying settings, medical procedures or equipment that may be associated with an increased risk of aerosol transmission, including defining which procedures are aerosol-generating; and on the effectiveness of systematic interventions on aerosol transmission of respiratory and enteric viruses in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiangxi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Department of Respiration, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157, Jinbi Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Yun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Respiration, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157, Jinbi Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Nancy H.L. Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Patrick Manson Building (North Wing), 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Benjamin J. Cowling
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Patrick Manson Building (North Wing), 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zi-Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiangxi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
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32
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Rajakaruna SJ, Liu WB, Ding YB, Cao GW. Strategy and technology to prevent hospital-acquired infections: Lessons from SARS, Ebola, and MERS in Asia and West Africa. Mil Med Res 2017; 4:32. [PMID: 29502517 PMCID: PMC5659033 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-017-0142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are serious problems for healthcare systems, especially in developing countries where public health infrastructure and technology for infection preventions remain undeveloped. Here, we characterized how strategy and technology could be mobilized to improve the effectiveness of infection prevention and control in hospitals during the outbreaks of Ebola, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Asia and West Africa. Published literature on the hospital-borne outbreaks of SARS, Ebola, and MERS in Asia and West Africa was comprehensively reviewed. The results showed that healthcare systems and hospital management in affected healthcare facilities had poor strategies and inadequate technologies and human resources for the prevention and control of HAIs, which led to increased morbidity, mortality, and unnecessary costs. We recommend that governments worldwide enforce disaster risk management, even when no outbreaks are imminent. Quarantine and ventilation functions should be taken into consideration in architectural design of hospitals and healthcare facilities. We also recommend that health authorities invest in training healthcare workers for disease outbreak response, as their preparedness is essential to reducing disaster risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yi-Bo Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guang-Wen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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33
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Wu D, Kang J, Li B, Sun D. Evaluation of the RT-LAMP and LAMP methods for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 32:e22326. [PMID: 28940325 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current methods for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are not clinically optimal. Standard culture methods (SCMs) are slow, costly, or unreliable, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) cannot differentiate live Mtb. METHODS This study compared reverse transcription (RT)-LAMP, LAMP, and an SCM for detecting Mtb. A first experiment tested the sensitivity and specificity of primers for 9 species of Mycobacterium (H37Rv, M. intracellulare, M. marinum, M. kansasii, M. avium, M. flavescens, M. smegmatis, M. fortuitum, and M. chelonae); and 3 non-Mycobacterium species (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae). A second experiment tested sputum specimens for the presence of Mtb, from 100 patients with tuberculosis (clinical) and 22 from patients without tuberculosis (control), using Roche solid culture (SCM), LAMP, and RT-LAMP. In the clinical samples. RESULTS The rates of positivity for Mtb of the SCM, LAMP, and RT-LAMP methods were 88%, 92%, and 100%, respectively. The difference in detection rate was significant between RT-LAMP and SCM, but RT-LAMP and LAMP were comparable. In the control group, the detection rates were nil for all three methods. CONCLUSION The specificities of the methods were similar. The sensitivity of RT-LAMP was ~10-fold higher than that of LAMP for detecting Mtb. Unlike LAMP, RT-LAMP could identify viable bacteria, and was able to detect a single copy of Mtb. Among SCM, LAMP, and RT-LAMP, the latter is the most suitable for wide use in the lower-level hospitals and clinics of China for detecting Mtb in sputum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wu
- Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China.,The Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of PLA, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jiwen Kang
- The Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of PLA, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Baosheng Li
- The Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of PLA, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Dianxing Sun
- The Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of PLA, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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34
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Petersen E, Maeurer M, Marais B, Migliori GB, Mwaba P, Ntoumi F, Vilaplana C, Kim K, Schito M, Zumla A. World TB Day 2017: Advances, Challenges and Opportunities in the "End-TB" Era. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 56:1-5. [PMID: 28232006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eskild Petersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Denmark; The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Markus Maeurer
- Therapeutic Immunology (TIM) Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, and Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ben Marais
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Centre for Research Excellence in Tuberculosis (TB-CRE), Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity (MBI), University of Sydney, Australia.
| | | | - Peter Mwaba
- UNZA-UCLMS Research and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Francine Ntoumi
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo; Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Cris Vilaplana
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Experimental Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i PujolEdifici Laboratoris de Recerca Can Ruti Campus, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Kami Kim
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), of Microbiology & Immunology and of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Marco Schito
- Critical Path to TB Drug Regimens, Critical Path Institute, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, and the National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at UCLHospitals, London, United Kingdom.
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