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de Antonellis P, Ferrucci V, Miceli M, Bibbo F, Asadzadeh F, Gorini F, Mattivi A, Boccia A, Russo R, Andolfo I, Lasorsa VA, Cantalupo S, Fusco G, Viscardi M, Brandi S, Cerino P, Monaco V, Choi DR, Cheong JH, Iolascon A, Amente S, Monti M, Fava LL, Capasso M, Kim HY, Zollo M. Targeting ATP2B1 impairs PI3K/Akt/FOXO signaling and reduces SARS-COV-2 infection and replication. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:2974-3007. [PMID: 38816514 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00164-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
ATP2B1 is a known regulator of calcium (Ca2+) cellular export and homeostasis. Diminished levels of intracellular Ca2+ content have been suggested to impair SARS-CoV-2 replication. Here, we demonstrate that a nontoxic caloxin-derivative compound (PI-7) reduces intracellular Ca2+ levels and impairs SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, a rare homozygous intronic variant of ATP2B1 is shown to be associated with the severity of COVID-19. The mechanism of action during SARS-CoV-2 infection involves the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation, inactivation of FOXO3 transcription factor function, and subsequent transcriptional inhibition of the membrane and reticulum Ca2+ pumps ATP2B1 and ATP2A1, respectively. The pharmacological action of compound PI-7 on sustaining both ATP2B1 and ATP2A1 expression reduces the intracellular cytoplasmic Ca2+ pool and thus negatively influences SARS-CoV-2 replication and propagation. As compound PI-7 lacks toxicity in vitro, its prophylactic use as a therapeutic agent against COVID-19 is envisioned here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualino de Antonellis
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, 80145, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
- Elysium Cell Bio Ita SRL, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Ferrucci
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, 80145, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
- Elysium Cell Bio Ita SRL, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Miceli
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, 80145, Italy
| | - Francesca Bibbo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, 80145, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Fatemeh Asadzadeh
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, 80145, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
- European School of Molecular Medicine, SEMM, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Gorini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Alessia Mattivi
- Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Cell Division, Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Russo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, 80145, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Immacolata Andolfo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, 80145, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanna Fusco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Naples, 80055, Italy
| | - Maurizio Viscardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Naples, 80055, Italy
| | - Sergio Brandi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Naples, 80055, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Cerino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Naples, 80055, Italy
| | - Vittoria Monaco
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, 80145, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Dong-Rac Choi
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Elysiumbio Inc., #2007, Samsung Cheil B/D, 309, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06151, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Achille Iolascon
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, 80145, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Stefano Amente
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Monti
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, 80145, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Luca L Fava
- Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Cell Division, Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Mario Capasso
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, 80145, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Hong-Yeoul Kim
- Elysiumbio Inc., #2007, Samsung Cheil B/D, 309, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06151, Korea
| | - Massimo Zollo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, 80145, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), 'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy.
- Elysium Cell Bio Ita SRL, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.
- European School of Molecular Medicine, SEMM, Naples, Italy.
- DAI Medicina di Laboratorio e Trasfusionale, 'Federico II' University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Jachman-Kapułka J, Zińczuk A, Szymański W, Simon K, Rorat M. Complexity and Diversity of the Neurological Spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 over Three Waves of COVID-19. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3477. [PMID: 38930003 PMCID: PMC11204600 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: SARS-CoV-2 continually mutates, with five identified variants. Many neurological manifestations were observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, with differences between virus variants. The aim of this study is to assess the frequency and characteristics of neurological manifestations during COVID-19 in hospitalized patients over three waves in Poland with comparison and analysis correlation with the course of infection. Methods: This retrospective single-center study included 600 consecutive adults with confirmed COVID-19, hospitalized during 3 waves (pre-Delta, Delta and Omicron) in Poland. Demographic and clinical information and neurological manifestations were collected and compared across three periods. Results: The median age of the study group was 68, lower during the Delta wave. In the Omicron period, the disease severity at admission and inflammatory markers concentration were the lowest. Neurological manifestations were observed in 49%. The most common were altered mentation, headache, myalgia, mood disorder, ischemic stroke and encephalopathy. Smell and taste disturbances (STDs) were less frequent in the Omicron period. Neurological complications were predominant in the pre-Delta and Omicron periods. Ischemic stroke was observed more often in pre-Delta period. Altered mentation was related to higher severity at admission, worse lab test results, higher admission to ICU and mortality, while headache reduced mortality. Pre-existing dementia was related to higher mortality. Conclusions: Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 are frequent, with a lower rate of STDs in the Omicron period and more often cerebrovascular diseases in the pre-Delta period. Headache improves the course of COVID-19, while altered mentation, stroke and neurological comorbidities increase severity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Jachman-Kapułka
- 6th Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, J. Gromkowski Specialist Regional Hospital, 51-149 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander Zińczuk
- 1st Department of Infectious Diseases, J. Gromkowski Specialist Regional Hospital, 51-149 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (W.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Wojciech Szymański
- 1st Department of Infectious Diseases, J. Gromkowski Specialist Regional Hospital, 51-149 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (W.S.); (K.S.)
- Clinical Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Simon
- 1st Department of Infectious Diseases, J. Gromkowski Specialist Regional Hospital, 51-149 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (W.S.); (K.S.)
- Clinical Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Rorat
- Department of Social Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Lugo-Trampe A, López-Cifuentes D, Mendoza-Pérez P, Tafurt-Cardona Y, Joo-Domínguez ADJ, Rios-Ibarra CP, Espinoza-Ruiz M, Chang-Rueda C, Rodriguez-Sanchez IP, Martinez-Fierro ML, Delgado-Enciso I, Trujillo-Murillo KDC. Nine-Month Trend of IgG Antibody Persistence and Associated Symptoms Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:948. [PMID: 38727505 PMCID: PMC11083704 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12090948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Between 2 and 8.5% of patients who recover from COVID-19 do not develop antibodies, and the durability of IgG antibodies is under scrutiny. Therefore, the presence and persistence of IgM and IgG antibodies were evaluated in a group of patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 from May to August 2020. Out of 2199 suspected COVID-19 cases, 1264 were confirmed for SARS-CoV-2 by rRT-PCR; 328 consented to participate in the study, with 220 participants followed for 9 months, including 124 men (56%) and 96 women (44%). The primary symptoms were headache, dry cough, and fever. IgG antibodies developed in 95% of patients within 4 weeks post-diagnosis, and a second evaluation at 9 months showed that 72.7% still had detectable IgG antibodies. The presence of IgM in one individual (0.45%) suggested the possibility of reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Lugo-Trampe
- Faculty of Human Medicine, Campus IV, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula 30700, Mexico
- Genodiagnóstica SA de CV, Tapachula, Chiapas 30700, Mexico
| | - Daniel López-Cifuentes
- Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, Campus IV, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula 30700, Mexico
| | - Paúl Mendoza-Pérez
- Faculty of Human Medicine, Campus IV, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula 30700, Mexico
| | - Yaliana Tafurt-Cardona
- Faculty of Human Medicine, Campus IV, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula 30700, Mexico
| | | | - Clara Patricia Rios-Ibarra
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
| | - Marisol Espinoza-Ruiz
- Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, Campus IV, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula 30700, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Chang-Rueda
- Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, Campus IV, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula 30700, Mexico
| | - Iram Pablo Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Molecular and Structural Physiology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
| | - Iván Delgado-Enciso
- School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico
- Colima Cancerology State Institute, IMSS-Bienestar, Colima 28085, Mexico
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4
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Singh L, Kumar A, Rai M, Basnet B, Rai N, Khanal P, Lai KS, Cheng WH, Asaad AM, Ansari S. Spectrum of COVID-19 induced liver injury: A review report. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:517-536. [PMID: 38689748 PMCID: PMC11056898 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i4.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused changes in the global health system, causing significant setbacks in healthcare systems worldwide. This pandemic has also shown resilience, flexibility, and creativity in reacting to the tragedy. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection targets most of the respiratory tract, resulting in a severe sickness called acute respiratory distress syndrome that may be fatal in some individuals. Although the lung is the primary organ targeted by COVID-19 viruses, the clinical aspect of the disease is varied and ranges from asymptomatic to respiratory failure. However, due to an unorganized immune response and several affected mechanisms, the liver may also experience liver cell injury, ischemic liver dysfunction, and drug-induced liver injury, which can result in respiratory failure because of the immune system's disordered response and other compromised processes that can end in multisystem organ failure. Patients with liver cirrhosis or those who have impaired immune systems may be more likely than other groups to experience worse results from the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We thus intend to examine the pathogenesis, current therapy, and consequences of liver damage concerning COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokjan Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Karnali Academy of Health Science, Teaching Hospital, Jumla 21200, Karnali, Nepal
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Karnali Academy of Health Science, Teaching Hospital, Jumla 21200, Karnali, Nepal
| | - Maya Rai
- Department of Microbiology, Karnali Academy of Health Science, Teaching Hospital, Jumla 21200, Karnali, Nepal
| | - Bibek Basnet
- Health Sciences, Asian College of Advance Studies, Purbanchal University, Satdobato 24122, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Nishant Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pukar Khanal
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Kok-Song Lai
- Division of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wan-Hee Cheng
- Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Morad Asaad
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Shamshul Ansari
- Division of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates.
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5
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Cilloniz C, Dy-Agra G, Pagcatipunan RS, Torres A. Viral Pneumonia: From Influenza to COVID-19. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 45:207-224. [PMID: 38228165 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses are increasingly recognized as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The implementation of new diagnostic technologies has facilitated their identification, especially in vulnerable population such as immunocompromised and elderly patients and those with severe cases of pneumonia. In terms of severity and outcomes, viral pneumonia caused by influenza viruses appears similar to that caused by non-influenza viruses. Although several respiratory viruses may cause CAP, antiviral therapy is available only in cases of CAP caused by influenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus. Currently, evidence-based supportive care is key to managing severe viral pneumonia. We discuss the evidence surrounding epidemiology, diagnosis, management, treatment, and prevention of viral pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Cilloniz
- Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERESA, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Continental University, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Guinevere Dy-Agra
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, St Luke's Medical Center-Global City, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Rodolfo S Pagcatipunan
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, St Luke's Medical Center-Global City, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Antoni Torres
- Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERESA, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Teng O, Quek AML, Nguyen TM, Wang S, Ng IXQ, Fragata L, Mohd-Abu-Bucker FB, Tambyah PA, Seet RCS. Biomarkers of early SARS-CoV-2 infection before the onset of respiratory symptoms. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024; 30:540-547. [PMID: 38160754 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Currently, limited data exist regarding the pathological changes occurring during the incubation phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We utilized proteomic analysis to explore changes in the circulatory host response in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection before the onset of symptoms. METHODS Participants were individuals from a randomized clinical trial of prophylaxis for COVID-19 in a workers' dormitory. Proteomic signatures of blood samples collected within 7 days before symptom onset (incubation group) were compared with those collected >21 days (non-incubation group) to derive candidate biomarkers of incubation. Candidate biomarkers were assessed by comparing levels in the incubation group with both infected individuals (positive controls) and non-infected individuals (negative controls). RESULTS The study included men (mean age 34.2 years and standard deviation 7.1) who were divided into three groups: an incubation group consisting of 44 men, and two control groups-positive (n = 56) and negative (n = 67) controls. Through proteomic analysis, we identified 49 proteins that, upon pathway analyses, indicated an upregulation of the renin-angiotensin and innate immune systems during the virus incubation period. Biomarker analyses revealed increased concentrations of plasma angiotensin II (mean 731 vs. 139 pg/mL), angiotensin (1-7) (302 vs. 9 pg/mL), CXCL10 (423 vs. 85 pg/mL), CXCL11 (82.7 vs. 32.1 pg/mL), interferon-gamma (0.49 vs. 0.20 pg/mL), legumain (914 vs. 743 pg/mL), galectin-9 (1443 vs. 836 pg/mL), and tumour necrosis factor (20.3 vs. 17.0 pg/mL) during virus incubation compared with non-infected controls (all p < 0.05). Plasma angiotensin (1-7) exhibited a significant increase before the onset of symptoms when compared with uninfected controls (area under the curve 0.99, sensitivity 0.97, and specificity 0.99). DISCUSSION Angiotensin (1-7) could play a crucial role in the progression of symptomatic COVID-19 infection, and its assessment could help identify individuals who would benefit from enhanced monitoring and early antiviral intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ooiean Teng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amy May Lin Quek
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tuong Minh Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suqing Wang
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Isabel Xue Qi Ng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lorivie Fragata
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Paul Anantharajah Tambyah
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond Chee Seong Seet
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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7
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Kahrizi MS, Nasiri K, Ebrahimzadeh F, Yaseri AF, Ghodratizadeh S, Gholamrezaei M, Rahat Dahmardeh A, Adili A, Amjidifar R, Hemmatzadeh M, Arabi M, Maghsoudi MR, Mohammadi H. Lymphopenia associated with survivin and its downstream pathway in COVID-19 serving as a potential route in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Adv Med Sci 2024; 69:190-197. [PMID: 38521459 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Starting in 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused an epidemic that was growing rapidly and has harmed millions of people globally. It has been demonstrated that survivin regulates lymphocyte survival, a main route involved in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Survivin belongs to the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, and its primary functions comprise regulating mitosis and inhibiting apoptosis. Since lower survivin expression has been shown to increase the sensitivity of lymphocytes to apoptotic induction, we looked into the function of survivin and its corresponding pathways in COVID-19 pathogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of survivin, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), caspases 3, 7, 9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was evaluated at both mRNA and protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from healthy donors and patients with severe and moderate COVID-19 by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Then, we enforced apoptosis to COVID-19 patient-derived lymphocytes, and the percent was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Survivin and XIAP were less expressed in PBMCs derived from COVID-19 patients as apoptosis inhibitors than PARP, cleaved-PARP, caspase 9, and cleaved caspases 3 and 7, according to the results of real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Additionally, according to the flow cytometry results, the down-regulation of survivin served as a potential factor in the lymphocyte depletion observed in patients with COVID-19. CONCLUSION The role of survivin and its related pathway was first discovered in the development of COVID-19 and may serve as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamyar Nasiri
- Department of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Soroush Ghodratizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mostafa Gholamrezaei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alireza Rahat Dahmardeh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ali Adili
- Department of Oncology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Senior Adult Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South, Florida, USA
| | - Rosita Amjidifar
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University of Iran, Ahar, Iran
| | - Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Arabi
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Maghsoudi
- Faculty of Emergency Medicine & Toxicology, Emergency Department, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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8
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Liu K, Zhang YZ, Yin H, Yu LL, Cui JJ, Yin JY, Luo CH, Guo CX. Identification of SARS-CoV-2 m6A modification sites correlate with viral pathogenicity. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105228. [PMID: 37734532 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
It has recently been found that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) m6A modifications can affect viral replication and function. However, no studies to date have shown a correlation between SARS-CoV-2 m6A modifications and viral pathogenicity. In this study, we analyzed m6A modification in 2,190,667 SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNAs. m6A modifications of SARS-CoV-2 from different lineages, causing mild or severe COVID-19 and showing breakthrough for different vaccines were analyzed to explore correlations with viral pathogenicity. The results suggested that the presence of more m6A modifications in the SARS-CoV-2 N region (positive strand) correlates with weaker pathogenicity. In addition, we identified three m6A modification sites correlating with weak pathogenicity (924 in ORF1ab, 15,659 in ORF1ab, 28,288 in N, 28,633 in N and 29,385 in N, 29,707 in 3'UTR) and one with strong pathogenicity (74 in 5'UTR). These results provide new information for understanding the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and controlling the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, China
| | - Ying-Zi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, China
| | - Hui Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, China
| | - Lu-Lu Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jia-Jia Cui
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, China; Department of Geriatric Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China
| | - Ji-Ye Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, China; Hunan Provincial Gynecological Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Research Center, China
| | - Chen-Hui Luo
- Scientific Research Office, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, China.
| | - Cheng-Xian Guo
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China.
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Cianci R, Massaro MG, De Santis E, Totti B, Gasbarrini A, Gambassi G, Giambra V. Changes in Lymphocyte Subpopulations after Remdesivir Therapy for COVID-19: A Brief Report. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14973. [PMID: 37834421 PMCID: PMC10573452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Remdesivir (RDV) has demonstrated clinical benefit in hospitalized COronaVIrus Disease (COVID)-19 patients. The objective of this brief report was to assess a possible correlation between RDV therapy and the variation in lymphocyte subpopulations. We retrospectively studied 43 hospitalized COVID-19 patients: 30 men and 13 women (mean age 69.3 ± 15 years); 9/43 had received RDV therapy. Six patients had no need for oxygen (severity group 0); 22 were on oxygen treatment with a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ≤ 50% (group 1); 7 on not-invasive ventilation (group 2); 3 on invasive mechanical ventilation (group 3); and 5 had died (group 4). Cytofluorimetric assessment of lymphocyte subpopulations showed substantial changes after RDV therapy: B lymphocytes and plasmablasts were significantly increased (p = 0.002 and p = 0.08, respectively). Cytotoxic T lymphocytes showed a robust reduction (p = 0.008). No changes were observed in CD4+-T cells and natural killers (NKs). There was a significant reduction in regulatory T cells (Tregs) (p = 0.02) and a significant increase in circulating monocytes (p = 0.03). Stratifying by disease severity, after RDV therapy, patients with severity 0-2 had significantly higher B lymphocyte and monocyte counts and lower memory and effector cytotoxic T cell counts. Instead, patients with severity 3-4 had significantly higher plasmablast and lower memory T cell counts. No significant differences for CD4+-T cells, Tregs, and NKs were observed. Our brief report showed substantial changes in the lymphocyte subpopulations analyzed between patients who did not receive RDV therapy and those after RDV treatment. Despite the small sample size, due to the retrospective nature of this brief report, the substantial changes in lymphocyte subpopulations reported could lead to speculation on the role of RDV treatment both on immune responses against the virus and on the possible downregulation of the cytokine storm observed in patients with more severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cianci
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.G.M.); (A.G.); (G.G.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Massaro
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.G.M.); (A.G.); (G.G.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta De Santis
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (E.D.S.); (B.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Beatrice Totti
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (E.D.S.); (B.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.G.M.); (A.G.); (G.G.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gambassi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.G.M.); (A.G.); (G.G.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Giambra
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (E.D.S.); (B.T.); (V.G.)
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10
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Dexheimer PJ, Pujato M, Roskin KM, Weirauch MT. VExD: a curated resource for human gene expression alterations following viral infection. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad176. [PMID: 37531635 PMCID: PMC10542171 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Much of the host antiviral response is mediated through changes to host gene expression levels. Likewise, viruses induce changes to host gene expression levels in order to promote the viral life cycle and evade the host immune system. However, there is no resource that specifically collects human gene expression levels pre- and post-virus infection. Further, public gene expression repositories do not contain enough specialized metadata to easily find relevant experiments. Here, we present the Virus Expression Database (VExD), a freely available website and database, that collects human gene expression datasets in response to viral infection. VExD contains ∼8,000 uniformly processed samples obtained from 289 studies examining 51 distinct human viruses. We show that the VExD processing pipeline captures known antiviral responses in the form of interferon-stimulated genes. We further show that the datasets collected in VExD can be used to quickly identify supporting data for experiments performed in human cells or model organisms. VExD is freely available at https://vexd.cchmc.org/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Dexheimer
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Mario Pujato
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Krishna M Roskin
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Divisions of Human Genetics, Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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11
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Rachman MJ, Kalanjati VP, Rimbun R, Khadijah F. Retinal Vein Occlusion Amongst People Vaccinated by mRNA- and Viral Vector- COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:2825-2842. [PMID: 37794952 PMCID: PMC10545804 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s426428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are highly effective in lowering the mortality due to COVID-19. Although several suspected adverse events or side effects after vaccination including retinal vein occlusion (RVO) have been reported. We conducted a systematic review using PRISMA methods to analyze the occurrence of RVO among people vaccinated by COVID-19 mRNA- vs viral vector- vaccines on 4 databases from 1-1-2021 to 31-12-2022 using specified MeSH terms. All included studies were assessed using JBI critical appraisal tools for eligibility. The final included studies are 31 studies (n=78 cases from 75 patients; 3 of these patients suffered twice). The median age of the patients was 61 years (28 to 96 years old) and most of them were female (52.00%). Thirty-nine patients received the mRNA vaccine (52.00%), while 36 patients received the viral vector vaccine (48.00%) before the event. The RVO diagnoses are based on physical examination confirmed by Fluorescein Angiography (FA), and/or Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). The median time interval between vaccination and RVO was 6 days in the mRNA vaccine group and 4 days in the viral vector vaccine group. Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) were tied as the most common diagnosis in the mRNA vaccine group (20.51% and 20.51%), whilst in the viral vector vaccine group CRVO was the most common diagnosis (17.94%). Most of these cases had good outcomes with improved visual impairment in one or both eyes. From this review, we could not ascertain that the RVO occurs due to the type of COVID-19 vaccines because of the detailed data on the dosage and the history of illness of each patient. However, the awareness that the RVO could develop after COVID-19 vaccination must be taken into consideration, even though it is rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jessica Rachman
- Master Program of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Ciputra, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Viskasari P Kalanjati
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Rimbun Rimbun
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Fira Khadijah
- Master Program of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
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12
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AlDandan FN, Aldandan LH, Sulais AA, Alshaikh ST, Alqahtani AH, Khalil MS. The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2023; 20:358-363. [PMID: 37791090 PMCID: PMC10544233 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective An intense desire to avoid contamination is one of the most common symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). In March 2020, when the COVID-19 outbreak was classified as a pandemic, authorities announced measures to control its spread, including hand washing, quarantine, social distancing and lockdowns. The disease spreads rapidly and has potentially serious complications, and adherence to the recommendations was strongly encouraged. These measures, both by their direct effect and as a consequence of their impact on care provision may trigger complications in patients with OCD. Method An online survey was completed by 102 patients with a confirmed OCD diagnosis. The survey collected demographic data, medical and psychiatric history, and asked COVID-19 related questions, OCD-related questions, and included the Self-reported Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Checklist (Y-BOCS-II). Results The results reveal that new OCD patterns started during the COVID-19 pandemic, including pathological doubt/checking (2.0%), a need for symmetry, order or precision (2.9%), religious pattern (2.9%), somatic/health pattern (4.9%), and a contamination/washing pattern (5.9%), which was the most reported among all patterns. The results also show an increase in overall severity of OCD (36.3%), and (27.5%) of participants also reported an increase in the overall severity of anxiety. Conclusions The questionnaire completed by patients previously diagnosed with OCD revealed that during the COVID-19 pandemic there was an increase in the severity of symptoms, with the greatest effect being in individuals with contamination/ washing patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah N. AlDandan
- Department of psychiatry, King Fahad Hospital of the University (KFHU), Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University (IAU), Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila H Aldandan
- Department of psychiatry, King Fahad Hospital of the University (KFHU), Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University (IAU), Khobar, Saudi Arabia
- Sowt Specialist Center, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A. Sulais
- Mental Health Department, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdullah H Alqahtani
- Psychiatry Division, Medicine Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare (JHAH), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. Khalil
- Department of psychiatry, King Fahad Hospital of the University (KFHU), Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University (IAU), Khobar, Saudi Arabia
- Healthgates Medical, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Yeo S, Kim H, Lee J, Yi J, Chung YR. Retinal vascular occlusions in COVID-19 infection and vaccination: a literature review. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:1793-1808. [PMID: 36598554 PMCID: PMC9811047 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Abnormal hypercoagulability and increased thromboembolic risk are common in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 has been suggested to cause retinal vascular damage, with several studies on COVID-19 patients with retinal vascular occlusions. We reviewed and investigated studies on retinal vascular occlusions in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and in those vaccinated for COVID-19. METHODS Studies that reported retinal vascular occlusion in COVID-19 patients or in vaccinated people were identified using the terms "retinal occlusion," together with "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2", "SARS-CoV-2," "COVID-19," "coronavirus," and "vaccine," through systematic searches of PubMed and Google Scholar databases until January 7, 2022. RESULTS Thirteen cases of retinal artery occlusion (RAO) and 14 cases of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) were identified among patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Half of the patients with RAO or RVO revealed no systemic disorders except current or past COVID-19, and ocular symptoms were the initial presentation in five cases. Among patients with RAO, most presented with central RAO at 1-14 days of COVID-19 diagnosis, with abnormal coagulation and inflammatory markers. Among those with RVO, two-thirds presented with central RVO and one-third with RVO. Eleven cases with acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) and/or paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) were reported among patients with COVID-19, presenting scotoma resolved spontaneously in most cases. Among the 26 cases vaccinated with either mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines for COVID-19 and presenting retinal vascular occlusions, there were more RVO cases than RAO cases, and ocular symptoms mostly occurred within 3 weeks after vaccination. One case presented bilateral AMN and PAMM after COVID-19 vaccination. CONCLUSION Retinal vascular occlusions might be a manifestation of COVID-19, although rare, especially in patients at risk of systemic hypercoagulability and thromboembolism. For COVID-19 vaccines, the causal relationship is controversial because there are few case reports of retinal vascular occlusions after COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Yeo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World Cup-Ro, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Hanju Kim
- Special Study Module, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Special Study Module, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Yi
- Special Study Module, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yoo-Ri Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World Cup-Ro, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea.
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14
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Martínez-Zarco BA, Jiménez-García MG, Tirado R, Ambrosio J, Hernández-Mendoza L. [Mesenchymal stem cells: Therapeutic option in ARDS, COPD, and COVID-19 patients]. REVISTA ALERGIA MÉXICO 2023; 70:89-101. [PMID: 37566772 DOI: 10.29262/ram.v70i1.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and COVID-19 have as a common characteristic the inflammatory lesion of the lung epithelium. The therapeutic options are associated with opportunistic infections, a hyperglycemic state, and adrenal involvement. Therefore, the search for new treatment strategies that reduce inflammation, and promote re-epithelialization of damaged tissue is very important. This work describes the relevant pathophysiological characteristics of these diseases and evaluates recent findings on the immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and regenerative effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their therapeutic use. In Pubmed we selected the most relevant studies on the subject, published between 2003 and 2022 following the PRISMA guide. We conclude that MSCs are an important therapeutic option for regenerative treatment in COPD, ARDS, and COVID-19, because of their ability to differentiate into type II pneumocytes and maintain the size and function of lung tissue by replacing dead or damaged cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rocío Tirado
- Doctor en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología.Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Biología del Citoesqueleto y Virología, Ciudad de México
| | - Javier Ambrosio
- Doctor en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología.Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Biología del Citoesqueleto y Virología, Ciudad de México
| | - Lilian Hernández-Mendoza
- Doctor en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología.Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Biología del Citoesqueleto y Virología, Ciudad de México.
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15
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Madewell ZJ, Yang Y, Longini IM, Halloran ME, Vespignani A, Dean NE. Rapid review and meta-analysis of serial intervals for SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:429. [PMID: 37365505 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The serial interval is the period of time between symptom onset in the primary case and symptom onset in the secondary case. Understanding the serial interval is important for determining transmission dynamics of infectious diseases like COVID-19, including the reproduction number and secondary attack rates, which could influence control measures. Early meta-analyses of COVID-19 reported serial intervals of 5.2 days (95% CI: 4.9-5.5) for the original wild-type variant and 5.2 days (95% CI: 4.87-5.47) for Alpha variant. The serial interval has been shown to decrease over the course of an epidemic for other respiratory diseases, which may be due to accumulating viral mutations and implementation of more effective nonpharmaceutical interventions. We therefore aggregated the literature to estimate serial intervals for Delta and Omicron variants. METHODS This study followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. A systematic literature search was conducted of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and preprint server medRxiv for articles published from April 4, 2021, through May 23, 2023. Search terms were: ("serial interval" or "generation time"), ("Omicron" or "Delta"), and ("SARS-CoV-2" or "COVID-19"). Meta-analyses were done for Delta and Omicron variants using a restricted maximum-likelihood estimator model with a random effect for each study. Pooled average estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) are reported. RESULTS There were 46,648 primary/secondary case pairs included for the meta-analysis of Delta and 18,324 for Omicron. Mean serial interval for included studies ranged from 2.3-5.8 days for Delta and 2.1-4.8 days for Omicron. The pooled mean serial interval for Delta was 3.9 days (95% CI: 3.4-4.3) (20 studies) and Omicron was 3.2 days (95% CI: 2.9-3.5) (20 studies). Mean estimated serial interval for BA.1 was 3.3 days (95% CI: 2.8-3.7) (11 studies), BA.2 was 2.9 days (95% CI: 2.7-3.1) (six studies), and BA.5 was 2.3 days (95% CI: 1.6-3.1) (three studies). CONCLUSIONS Serial interval estimates for Delta and Omicron were shorter than ancestral SARS-CoV-2 variants. More recent Omicron subvariants had even shorter serial intervals suggesting serial intervals may be shortening over time. This suggests more rapid transmission from one generation of cases to the next, consistent with the observed faster growth dynamic of these variants compared to their ancestors. Additional changes to the serial interval may occur as SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate and evolve. Changes to population immunity (due to infection and/or vaccination) may further modify it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Madewell
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ira M Longini
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Halloran
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alessandro Vespignani
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-Technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalie E Dean
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Aboagye EM, Effah NAA, Effah KO. A bibliometric analysis of the impact of COVID-19 social lockdowns on air quality: research trends and future directions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27699-3. [PMID: 37219782 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Social lockdowns improved air quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Governments had previously spent a lot of money addressing air pollution without success. This bibliometric study measured the influence of COVID-19 social lockdowns on air pollution, identified emerging issues, and discussed future perspectives. The researchers examined the contributions of countries, authors, and most productive journals to COVID-19 and air pollution research from January 1, 2020, to September 12, 2022, from the Web of Sciences Core Collection (WoS). The results showed that (a) publications on the COVID-19 pandemic and air pollution were 504 (research articles) with 7495 citations, (b) China ranked first in the number of publications (n = 151; 29.96% of the global output) and was the main country in international cooperation network, followed by India (n = 101; 20.04% of the total articles) and the USA (n = 41; 8.13% of the global output). Air pollution plagues China, India, and the USA, calling for many studies. After a high spike in 2020, research published in 2021 declined in 2022. The author's keywords have focused on "COVID-19," "air pollution," "lockdown," and "PM25." These keywords suggest that research in this area is focused on understanding the health impacts of air pollution, developing policies to address air pollution, and improving air quality monitoring. The COVID-19 social lockdown served as a specified procedure to reduce air pollution in these countries. However, this paper provides practical recommendations for future research and a model for environmental and health scientists to examine the likely impact of COVID-19 social lockdowns on urban air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kwaku Obeng Effah
- Law School, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
- Department Political Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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17
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Rezaei B, Shahedi A, Keshtkaran Z, Eidi A, Delam H, Safari K, Shadmehr R, Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M. Changes in incidence and mortality trend due to COVID-19 in southern Iran, from 2020 to 2021: based on Cochran-Armitage trend test. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37361263 PMCID: PMC10076376 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-023-01902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Background In 2020, COVID-19 spread rapidly in Iran and other parts of the world. Some of the epidemiological aspects of this disease remain unknown; therefore, the present study was designed with the aim of determining the trend of incidence and mortality of COVID-19 from February 2020 to July 2021 in southern Iran. Methods The present study was a cross-sectional analytical study that included all people who had COVID-19 in the period from February 2020 to July 2021 and whose information had been registered in the Infectious Diseases Center of Larestan city and MCMC unit. The study area included the cities of Larestan, Evaz, and Khonj, located in the south of Fars province in southern Iran. Results Since the emergence of COVID-19 until July 2021, a total of 23,246 new cases of infection were reported in the southern region of Fars province. The average age of patients was 39.90±18.30 years and the range of ages varied from 1 to 103 years. The results of the Cochran-Armitage trend test showed that the trend of the disease in 2020 was completely upward. The first positive case of COVID-19 was recorded on February 27, 2020. The incidence curve in 2021 is sinusoidal, but in general, the results of the Cochran-Armitage trend test showed that the incidence of the disease increased significantly (P-trend < 0.001). Most cases were reported in July, April, and the end of March. Conclusion In general, the incidence rate of COVID-19 has varied sinusoidally from 2020 to mid-2021. Although the incidence of the disease increased, the number of deaths has fallen. It seems that the increase in the number of diagnostic tests and the implementation of the national COVID-19 immunization program have been effective in changing the trend of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Rezaei
- Department of Surgery, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahedi
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Zahra Keshtkaran
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Shiraz University of medical sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Eidi
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Hamed Delam
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
- Imam Reza Teaching Hospital, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Khalil Safari
- Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
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Antiviral Molecular Targets of Essential Oils against SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review. Sci Pharm 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm91010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils are potential therapeutics for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in which some of the volatile compounds of essential oils have been well known for their broad antiviral activities. These therapeutic candidates have been shown to regulate the excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which underlies the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. We aimed to identify molecular targets of essential oils in disrupting the cell entry and replication of SARS-CoV-2, hence being active as antivirals. Literature searches were performed on PubMed, Scopus, Scillit, and CaPlus/SciFinder (7 December 2022) with a truncated title implying the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of essential oil. Data were collected from the eligible studies and described narratively. Quality appraisal was performed on the included studies. A total of eight studies were included in this review; four of which used enzyme inhibition assay, one—pseudo-SARS-CoV-2 culture; two—whole SARS-CoV-2 culture; and one—ACE2-expressing cancer cells. Essential oils may prevent the SARS-CoV-2 infection by targeting its receptors on the cells (ACE2 and TMPRSS2). Menthol, 1,8-cineole, and camphor are among the volatile compounds which serve as potential ACE2 blockers. β-caryophyllene may selectively target the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and inhibit viral entry. Other interactions with SARS-CoV-2 proteases and RdRp are observed based on molecular docking. In conclusion, essential oils could target proteins related to the SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication. Further studies with improved and uniform study designs should be carried out to optimize essential oils as COVID-19 therapies.
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19
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Sukhavattanakul P, Pisitsak P, Ummartyotin S, Narain R. Polysaccharides for Medical Technology: Properties and Applications. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200372. [PMID: 36353915 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the use of polysaccharides has gained tremendous attention in the field of medical technology. They have been applied in various sectors such as tissue engineering, drug delivery system, face mask, and bio-sensing. This review article provides an overview and background of polysaccharides for biomedical uses. Different types of polysaccharides, for example, cellulose and its derivatives, chitin and chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, and pectin are presented. They are fabricated in various forms such as hydrogels, nanoparticles, membranes, and as porous mediums. Successful development and improvement of polysaccharide-based materials will effectively help users to enhance their quality of personal health, decrease cost, and eventually increase the quality of life with respect to sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongpat Sukhavattanakul
- Department of Materials and Textile Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum, Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Penwisa Pisitsak
- Department of Materials and Textile Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum, Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sarute Ummartyotin
- Department of Materials and Textile Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum, Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G1H9, Canada
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20
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Khansary S, Tavilani H, Ghasemi H. Gender, Bladder Cancer Healthcare and Burden of COVID-19. Cancer Invest 2023; 41:58-69. [PMID: 36282109 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2022.2140351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer as one of the main comorbid diseases might be more susceptible to develop COVID-19 infection with a higher mortality risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. The European Association of Urology (EAU) recommended a comprehensive panel for bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment during this global health problem. The urgent need for treatments of COVID-19 during the pandemic has persuaded researchers to evaluate the different medications, which may lead to drug shortages. Therefore, in this review paper, we have focused on the least recommendations of EAU about bladder cancer during of COVID-19 pandemic to provide a comprehensive panel for high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahede Khansary
- Department of Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan university of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Heidar Tavilani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hadi Ghasemi
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
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21
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Bello M, Hasan MK. Elucidation of the inhibitory activity of plant-derived SARS-CoV inhibitors and their potential as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:9992-10004. [PMID: 34121618 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1938234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Several drugs are now being tested as possible therapies due to the necessity of treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although approved vaccines bring much hope, a vaccination program covering the entire global population will take a very long time, making the development of effective antiviral drugs an effective solution for the immediate treatment of this dangerous infection. Previous studies found that three natural compounds, namely, tannic acid, 3-isotheaflavin-3-gallate and theaflavin-3,3-digallate, are effective proteinase (3CLpro) inhibitors of SARS-CoV (IC50 <10 µM). Based on this information and due to the high sequence identity between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro, these three compounds could be candidate inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. This paper explores the structural and energetic features that guided the molecular recognition of these three compounds for dimeric SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV 3CLpro, the functional state of this enzyme, using docking and MD simulations with the molecular mechanics-generalized-born surface area (MMGBSA) approach. Energetic analysis demonstrated that the three compounds reached good affinities in both systems in the following order: tannic acid > 3-isotheaflavin-3-gallate > theaflavin-3,3-digallate. This tendency is in line with that experimentally reported between these ligands and SARS-CoV 3CLpro. Therefore, tannic acid may have clinical usefulness against COVID-19 by acting as a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martiniano Bello
- Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular, Bioinformática y Diseño de Fármacos de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Md Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tejgaon College, National University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
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22
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Sharma P, Mittal M, Yadav A, Aggarwal NK. Bacterial Cellulose: Nano-biomaterial for Biodegradable Face Masks- A Greener Approach Towards Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL NANOTECHNOLOGY, MONITORING & MANAGEMENT 2022; 19:100759. [PMCID: PMC9683524 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2022.100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of face masks aids to stop the transmission of various deadly communicable ailments, and therefore widespread mask wearing habit is advocated by nearly all health organisations including the WHO to curb the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent studies predicted a shocking requirement of masks globally, approximately billions of masks per week in a single country, and maximum of them are disposable masks, which are made up of nonbiodegradable material such as polypropylene. With expanding review on improper masks disposal, it is imperative to perceive this inherent environmental hazard and avert it from resulting in the subsequent problematic situation due to plastic. The shift towards biodegradable biopolymers alternatives such as bacterial cellulose and newly evolving sustainable scientific knowledge would be significant to dealt with upcoming environmental problem. Bacterial cellulose possesses various desirable properties to replace the conventional mask material. This review gives an overview of data about accumulation of waste masks and its potential harm on environment. It also focuses on diverse characteristics of bacterial cellulose which make it suitable material for making mask and the challenges in the way of bacterial cellulose production and their possible solution. The current review also discussed the report on global bacterial cellulose market growth.
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23
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Martin SK, Finn KM, Kisielewski M, Simmons R, Zaas AK. Residency Program Responses to Early COVID-19 Surges Highlight Tension as to Whether Residents Are Learners or Essential Workers. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2022; 97:1683-1690. [PMID: 35797520 PMCID: PMC9592146 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000004800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify the extent to which internal medicine (IM) residents provided care for patients with COVID-19 and examine characteristics of residency programs with or without plans (at some point) to exclude residents from COVID-19 care during the first 6 months of the pandemic. METHOD The authors used data from a nationally representative, annually recurring survey of U.S. IM program directors (PDs) to quantify early (March-August 2020) resident participation in COVID-19 care. The survey was fielded from August to December 2020. PDs reported whether they had planned to exclude residents from COVID-19 care (i.e., PTE status). PTE status was tested for association with program and COVID-19 temporal characteristics, resident schedule accommodations, and resident COVID-19 cases. RESULTS The response rate was 61.5% (264/429). Nearly half of PDs (45.4%, 118/260) reported their program had planned at some point to exclude residents from COVID-19 care. Northeastern U.S. programs represented a smaller percentage of PTE than non-PTE programs (26.3% vs 36.6%; P = .050). PTE programs represented a higher percentage of programs with later surges than non-PTE programs (33.0% vs 13.6%, P = .048). Median percentage of residents involved in COVID-19 care was 75.0 (interquartile range [IQR]: 22.5-100.0) for PTE programs, compared with 95.0 (IQR: 60.0-100.0) for non-PTE programs ( P < .001). Residents participated most in intensive care units (87.6%, 227/259) and inpatient wards (80.8%, 210/260). Accommodations did not differ by PTE status. PTE programs reported fewer resident COVID-19 cases than non-PTE programs (median percentage = 2.7 [IQR: 0.0-8.6] vs 5.1 [IQR: 1.6-10.7]; P = .011). CONCLUSIONS IM programs varied widely in their reported plans to exclude residents from COVID-19 care during the early pandemic. A high percentage of residents provided COVID-19 care, even in PTE programs. Thus, the pandemic highlighted the tension as to whether residents are learners or employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon K. Martin
- S.K. Martin is associate professor, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7431-4956
| | - Kathleen M. Finn
- K.M. Finn is assistant professor, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Kisielewski
- M. Kisielewski is assistant director of surveys and research, Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine, Alexandria, Virginia; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7006-581X
| | - Rachel Simmons
- R. Simmons is assistant professor, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aimee K. Zaas
- A.K. Zaas is professor, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2718-915X
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Benedusi M, Tamburini E, Sicurella M, Summa D, Ferrara F, Marconi P, Cervellati F, Costa S, Valacchi G. The Lesson Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Can an Active Chemical Be Effective, Safe, Harmless-for-Humans and Low-Cost at a Time? Evidence on Aerosolized Hypochlorous Acid. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13163. [PMID: 36293740 PMCID: PMC9602504 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has underlined the importance of disinfectants as tools to prevent and fight against coronavirus spreading. An ideal disinfectant and sanitizer must be nontoxic to surface contact, noncorrosive, effective, and relatively inexpensive as it is hypochlorous acid (HOCl). The present work intended to evaluate, on different surfaces, the bactericidal and virucidal effectiveness of nebulized HOCl and test its safety usage in 2D and 3D skin and lung models. Our data showed that HOCl at the dose of 300 ppm did not affect cellular and tissue viability, not their morphology. The HOCl bactericidal properties varies with the surface analyzed: 69% for semi-porous, 96-99.9% for flat and porous. This discrepancy was not noticed for the virucidal properties. Overall, this study showed that nebulized HOCl can prevent virus and bacteria growth without affecting lung and skin tissues, making this compound a perfect candidate to sanitize indoor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mascia Benedusi
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Tamburini
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariaconcetta Sicurella
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniela Summa
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferrara
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Peggy Marconi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Franco Cervellati
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Costa
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Tortolini C, Angeloni A, Antiochia R. A Comparative Study of Voltammetric vs Impedimetric Immunosensor for Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Detection at the Point-of-care. ELECTROANAL 2022; 35:ELAN202200349. [PMID: 36247366 PMCID: PMC9538619 DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Here, a novel biosensing platform for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 usable both at voltammetric and impedimetric mode is reported. The platform was constructed on a multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) screen-printed electrode (SPE) functionalized by methylene blue (MB), antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP), a bioactive layer of chitosan (CS) and protein A (PrA). The voltammetric sensor showed superior performances both in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and spiked-saliva samples, with LOD values of 5.0±0.1 and 30±2.1 ng/mL, compared to 20±1.8 and 50±2.5 ng/mL for the impedimetric sensor. Moreover, the voltammetric immunosensor was tested in real saliva, showing promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tortolini
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Rome “La Sapienza”Viale Regina Elena 32400166RomeItaly
| | - Antonio Angeloni
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Rome “La Sapienza”Viale Regina Elena 32400166RomeItaly
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug TechnologiesUniversity of Rome “La Sapienza”P.le Aldo Moro 500185RomeItaly
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26
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Reddy ASK, Rao KNB, Soora NR, Shailaja K, Kumar NCS, Sridharan A, Uthayakumar J. Multi-modal fusion of deep transfer learning based COVID-19 diagnosis and classification using chest x-ray images. MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 82:12653-12677. [PMID: 36157355 PMCID: PMC9483263 DOI: 10.1007/s11042-022-13739-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on the global health and daily lives of people living over the globe. Several initial tests are based on the detecting of the genetic material of the coronavirus, and they have a minimum detection rate with a time-consuming process. To overcome this issue, radiological images are recommended where chest X-rays (CXRs) are employed in the diagnostic process. This article introduces a new Multi-modal fusion of deep transfer learning (MMF-DTL) technique to classify COVID-19. The proposed MMF-DTL model involves three main processes, namely pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification. The MMF-DTL model uses three DL models namely VGG16, Inception v3, and ResNet 50 for feature extraction. Since a single modality would not be adequate to attain an effective detection rate, the integration of three approaches by the use of decision-based multimodal fusion increases the detection rate. So, a fusion of three DL models takes place to further improve the detection rate. Finally, a softmax classifier is employed for test images to a set of six different. A wide range of experimental result analyses is carried out on the Chest-X-Ray dataset. The proposed fusion model is found to be an effective tool for COVID-19 diagnosis using radiological images with the average sens y of 92.96%, spec y of 98.54%, prec n of 93.60%, accu y of 98.80%, F score of 93.26% and kappa of 91.86%.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Siva Krishna Reddy
- School of CS and AI, Department of CS and AI, SR University, Warangal, Telangana India
| | | | | | - Kotte Shailaja
- Department of EIE, Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science, Warangal-15, Telangana India
| | - N. C. Santosh Kumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science, Warangal-15, Telangana India
| | - Abel Sridharan
- Senior Manager Department of Computer Science, University of Madras, Madras, India
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Wang Y, Shao H, Li Z, Xu W, Zhang R, Hu Z, Zou J. CT Imaging Features and Clinical Characteristics of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) During Rehabilitation. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2022; 46:1171-1176. [PMID: 35967904 PMCID: PMC9358081 DOI: 10.1007/s40995-022-01338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the clinical characteristics of the patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) during rehabilitation. One hundred and twelve confirmed patients were enrolled, while 72 were females (64.3%) and 40 were males (35.7%). The age of the patients was 51.63 ± 4.07 years old. Those patients were divided into mild group, moderate group and severe group based on lesion volume and proportion of total lesion on CT images. The age, gender, past medical history, finger pulse oxygen (SPO2), heart rate (HR) and body temperature and other clinical characteristics of patients were collected. Lesion volume was measured by CT. Compared with mild group, age, lesion volume and total lesion proportion in moderate group were significantly higher. Age, lesion volume and total lesion proportion in severe group were also higher than those in moderate group. Age and past medical history were the risk factors for the lesion volume of COVID-19. Older the patient has larger CT lesion range (R = 0.232, P = 0.045). Without past medical history or combination of post-medical history, the COVID-19 patients had smaller CT lesion ranges, and the history of previous cardiovascular disease and pulmonary disease was important risk factors for the larger CT lesion ranges. The patients who were older or combined with chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disease and diabetes, tended to have the larger lesions. Age and past medical history of patients with COVID-19 period are significantly related to the lesion volume and total lesion proportion on CT images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Wuhan First Hospital, No.215 Zhongshan Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430000 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan, 430000 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuomin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan, 430000 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenying Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Wuhan First Hospital, No.215 Zhongshan Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430000 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan, 430000 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhishuo Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan, 430000 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan, 430000 Hubei People’s Republic of China
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28
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Chen H, Chen Q. COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights into Interactions between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and MAFLD. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4756-4767. [PMID: 35874945 PMCID: PMC9305262 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become an ongoing global health pandemic. Since 2019, the pandemic continues to cast a long shadow on all aspects of our lives, bringing huge health and economic burdens to all societies. With our in-depth understanding of COVID-19, from the initial respiratory tract to the later gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular systems, the multiorgan involvement of this infectious disease has been discovered. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly named nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a major health issue closely related to metabolic dysfunctions, affecting a quarter of the world's adult population. The association of COVID-19 with MAFLD has received increasing attention, as MAFLD is a potential risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 symptoms. In this review, we provide an update on the interactions between COVID-19 and MAFLD and its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfei Chen
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.,Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.,Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.,MOE Frontier Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
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29
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Tacchini-Jacquier N, Bonvin E, Monnay S, Verloo H. Perceived stress, trust, safety and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients discharged from hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic's first wave: a PREMs survey. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060559. [PMID: 35710249 PMCID: PMC9207576 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate experiences of stress, feelings of safety, trust in healthcare staff and perceptions of the severity of a SARS-CoV-2 infection among inpatients discharged from Valais Hospital, Switzerland, during the COVID-19 pandemic's first wave. METHODS Discharged patients aged 18 years or more (n=4665), hospitalised between 28 February and 11 May 2020, whether they had been infected by SARS-CoV-2 or not, were asked to complete a self-reporting questionnaire, as were their informal caregivers, if available (n=866). Participants answered questions from Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (0=no stress, 40=severe stress), Krajewska-Kułak et al's Trust in Nurses Scale and Anderson and Dedrick's Trust in Physician Scale (10=no trust, 50=complete trust), the severity of a SARS-CoV-2 infection (1=not serious, 5=very serious), as well as questions on their perceived feelings of safety (0=not safe, 10=extremely safe). RESULTS Of our 1341 respondents, 141 had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Median PSS score was 24 (IQR1-3=19-29), median trust in healthcare staff was 33 (IQR1-3=31-36), median perceived severity of a SARS-CoV-2 infection was 4 (IQR1-3=3-4) and the median feelings of safety score was 8 (IQR1-3=8-10). Significant differences were found between males and females for PSS scores (p<0.001) and trust scores (p<0.001). No significant differences were found between males and females for the perceived severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection scores (p=0.552) and the feelings of safety (p=0.751). Associations were found between age and trust scores (Rs=0.201), age and perceived SARS-CoV-2 severity scores (Rs=0.134), sex (female) and perceived stress (Rs=0.114), and sex (female) and trust scores (Rs=0.137). Associations were found between SARS-CoV-2 infected participants and the perceived SARS-CoV-2 severity score (Rs=-0.087), between trust scores and feelings of safety (Rs=0.147), and perceived severity of a SARS-CoV-2 infection (Rs=0.123). DISCUSSION The results indicated that inpatients experienced significant feelings of stress regarding perceived symptoms of the illness, yet this did not affect their feelings of safety, trust in healthcare staff or perception of the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Future patient-reported experience measures research is needed to give a voice to healthcare users and facilitate comparison measures internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Bonvin
- General Direction, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland
| | | | - Henk Verloo
- Department of Nursing, Haute Ecole Specialisee de Suisse Occidentale, Delemont, Switzerland
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30
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Zare M, Semati A, Mirahmadizadeh A, Hemmati A, Ebrahimi M. Spatial epidemiology and meteorological risk factors of COVID-19 in Fars Province, Iran. GEOSPATIAL HEALTH 2022; 17. [PMID: 35686992 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2022.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at detecting space-time clusters of COVID-19 cases in Fars Province, Iran and at investigating their potential association with meteorological factors, such as temperature, precipitation and wind velocity. Time-series data including 53,554 infected people recorded in 26 cities from 18 February to 30 September 2020 together with 5876 meteorological records were subjected to the analysis. Applying a significance level of P<0.05, the analysis of space-time distribution of COVID-19 resulted in nine significant outbreaks within the study period. The most likely cluster occurred from 27 March to 13 July 2020 and contained 11% of the total cases with eight additional, secondary clusters. We found that the COVID-19 incidence rate was affected by high temperature (OR=1.64; 95% CI: 1.44-1.87), while precipitation and wind velocity had less effect (OR=0.84; 95% CI: 0.75-0.89 and OR=0.27; 95% CI: 0.14-0.51), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Zare
- Maternal-fetal medicine Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz.
| | - Ali Semati
- Non-communicable diseases Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz.
| | - Alireza Mirahmadizadeh
- Non-communicable diseases Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz.
| | - Abdulrasool Hemmati
- Non-communicable diseases Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz.
| | - Mostafa Ebrahimi
- Communicable Disease Control Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz.
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Necesito IV, Velasco JMS, Jung J, Bae YH, Yoo Y, Kim S, Kim HS. Predicting COVID-19 Cases in South Korea Using Stringency and Niño Sea Surface Temperature Indices. Front Public Health 2022; 10:871354. [PMID: 35719622 PMCID: PMC9204014 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.871354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) models use a combination of agent-based and equation-based models with only a few incorporating environmental factors in their prediction models. Many studies have shown that human and environmental factors play huge roles in disease transmission and spread, but few have combined the use of both factors, especially for SARS-CoV-2. In this study, both man-made policies (Stringency Index) and environment variables (Niño SST Index) were combined to predict the number of COVID-19 cases in South Korea. The performance indicators showed satisfactory results in modeling COVID-19 cases using the Non-linear Autoregressive Exogenous Model (NARX) as the modeling method, and Stringency Index (SI) and Niño Sea Surface Temperature (SST) as model variables. In this study, we showed that the accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 transmission forecasts may be further improved by incorporating both the Niño SST and SI variables and combining these variables with NARX may outperform other models. Future forecasting work by modelers should consider including climate or environmental variables (i.e., Niño SST) to enhance the prediction of transmission and spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Imee V. Necesito
- Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Imee V. Necesito
| | - John Mark S. Velasco
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jaewon Jung
- Department of Hydro Science and Engineering Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Young Hye Bae
- Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Yoo
- Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Soojun Kim
- Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hung Soo Kim
- Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
- Hung Soo Kim
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Kumar A, Soni V, Singh P, Parwaz Khan AA, Nazim M, Mohapatra S, Saini V, Raizada P, Hussain CM, Shaban M, Marwani HM, Asiri AM. Green aspects of photocatalysts during corona pandemic: a promising role for the deactivation of COVID-19 virus. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13609-13627. [PMID: 35530385 PMCID: PMC9073611 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08981a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection of a facile, eco-friendly, and effective methodology is the need of the hour for efficient curing of the COVID-19 virus in air, water, and many food products. Recently, semiconductor-based photocatalytic methodologies have provided promising, green, and sustainable approaches to battle against viral activation via the oxidative capabilities of various photocatalysts with excellent performance under moderate conditions and negligible by-products generation as well. Considering this, recent advances in photocatalysis for combating the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are inclusively highlighted. Starting from the origin to the introduction of the coronavirus, the significant potential of photocatalysis against viral prevention and -disinfection is discussed thoroughly. Various photocatalytic material-based systems including metal-oxides, metal-free and advanced 2D materials (MXenes, MOFs and COFs) are systematically examined to understand the mechanistic insights of virus-disinfection in the human body to fight against COVID-19 disease. Also, a roadmap toward sustainable solutions for ongoing COVID-19 contagion is also presented. Finally, the challenges in this field and future perspectives are comprehensively discussed involving the bottlenecks of current photocatalytic systems along with potential recommendations to deal with upcoming pandemic situations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinandan Kumar
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University Solan Himachal Pradesh 173229 India
| | - Vatika Soni
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University Solan Himachal Pradesh 173229 India
| | - Pardeep Singh
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University Solan Himachal Pradesh 173229 India
| | - Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Nazim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology 61 Daehak-ro Gumi-si Gyeongbuk-do 39177 Republic of Korea
| | - Satyabrata Mohapatra
- University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Dwarka New Delhi 110078 India
| | - Vipin Saini
- Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College Kumarhatti Solan Himachal Pradesh 173229 India
| | - Pankaj Raizada
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University Solan Himachal Pradesh 173229 India
| | | | - Mohamed Shaban
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62514 Egypt
| | - Hadi M Marwani
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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Semati A, Zare M, Mirahmadizadeh A, Hemmati A, Ebrahimi M. Epidemiological Study of Infection and Death Due to COVID-19 in Fars Province, Iran, From February to September 2020. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 47:219-226. [PMID: 35634523 PMCID: PMC9126892 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2021.90768.2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has entered our lives with the fear of outbreak, death, and recurrence. Our objective in this study is to evaluate the epidemiological features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and death in Fars province, Iran. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 18th to September 30th, 2020, where age, history of underlying diseases, sex, community-wide quarantine, nationality, close contact, pregnancy, medical staff job, traveling , and residency were compared between alive and deceased groups. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS software, version 22.0, and the significance level was set at 0.05. Results Regarding 57958 new cases of COVID-19, the basic reproduction number (R0) was estimated as 2.8, requiring a minimum of 65% immunization to reach herd immunity. Moreover, an R0=0.36 was required to reach the endemic state in the region. The incidence, mortality, fatality, and recurrence rates of COVID-19 were estimated as 1347.9 per 100,000 dwellers, 209.5 per 1000,000 dwellers, 1.6 %, and 3.1 per 100,000 dwellers, respectively. Age, history of underlying diseases, urban residency, and the male sex were significantly higher in the deceased group (OR=1.09, 5.48, 1.24, and 1.32; All Ps<0.001, <0.001, 0.005, and <0.001, respectively). In addition, the recurrence rate among positive cases was estimated as 0.23% with a median±inter-quartile range equal to 84±46.25 days. Community-wide quarantine was shown to be a protective factor for death due to COVID-19 (OR=0.58, P=0.005). Conclusion Community-wide quarantine blocks the transmission of COVID-19 effectively. COVID-19 enjoys no solid immunity. History of underlying diseases, the male sex, urban residency, and age were among the most significant causes of death due to COVID-19. Further investigations are recommended on the genetic structure of SARS-CoV-2, treatments, and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Semati
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marjan Zare
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Mirahmadizadeh
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdulrasool Hemmati
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ebrahimi
- Communicable Disease Control Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Özgen Z, Aksoy H, Akın Çakıcı Ö, Koku Aksu AE, Erdem O, Kara Polat A, Gürel MS. COVID-19 Severity and SARS-Cov-2 Vaccine Safety in Pemphigus Patients. Dermatol Ther 2022; 35:e15417. [PMID: 35243732 PMCID: PMC9111561 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are safety concerns in the treatment of pemphigus patients with immunosuppressants, particularly Rituximab (RTX), in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the beginning, the reports were more pessimistic. However, few reports have recently pointed to manageable courses in this patient group. Therefore, we investigated the disease characteristics and demographic features of pemphigus patients in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the impact of immunosuppressants on the course of COVID-19 in pemphigus patients. Also, we tried to find out the rate of flares due to COVID-19 and SARS-Cov-2 vaccines. METHOD This multicenter study included 247 patients with pemphigus from three tertiary dermatology clinics with the specialized outpatient clinic for autoimmune blistering diseases. Patients were asked standardized questions in person or via telephone calls. Also, demographic data were collected from patients' files. RESULTS 244 of 247 patients took the survey between August and September 2021. The data of 3 patients were obtained from the National Health System. We collected the data of all pemphigus patients who visited the clinics at least once in the past three years. Among 51 patients having COVID-19, 40 had a non-serious disease, whereas 11 required hospitalization. One patient died because of COVID-19 infection. LIMITATION The number of patients is limited, and data depends mainly on patients' statements. CONCLUSION RTX treatment does not require additional safety cautions than other immunosuppressives. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Züleyha Özgen
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Aksoy
- İstanbul Medeniyet University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Akın Çakıcı
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Esra Koku Aksu
- İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozan Erdem
- Başakşehir Çam and Sakura State Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asude Kara Polat
- İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Salih Gürel
- İstanbul Medeniyet University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Mubarak AS, Serte S, Al‐Turjman F, Ameen ZS, Ozsoz M. Local binary pattern and deep learning feature extraction fusion for COVID-19 detection on computed tomography images. EXPERT SYSTEMS 2022; 39:e12842. [PMID: 34898796 PMCID: PMC8646483 DOI: 10.1111/exsy.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The deadly coronavirus virus (COVID-19) was confirmed as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in December 2019. It is important to identify suspected patients as early as possible in order to control the spread of the virus, improve the efficacy of medical treatment, and, as a result, lower the mortality rate. The adopted method of detecting COVID-19 is the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the process is affected by a scarcity of RT-PCR kits as well as its complexities. Medical imaging using machine learning and deep learning has proved to be one of the most efficient methods of detecting respiratory diseases, but to train machine learning features needs to be extracted manually, and in deep learning, efficiency is affected by deep learning architecture and low data. In this study, handcrafted local binary pattern (LBP) and automatic seven deep learning models extracted features were used to train support vector machines (SVM) and K-nearest neighbour (KNN) classifiers, to improve the performance of the classifier, a concatenated LBP and deep learning feature was proposed to train the KNN and SVM, based on the performance criteria, the models VGG-19 + LBP achieved the highest accuracy of 99.4%. The SVM and KNN classifiers trained on the hybrid feature outperform the state of the art model. This shows that the proposed feature can improve the performance of the classifiers in detecting COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auwalu Saleh Mubarak
- Department of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringNear East UniversityMersinTurkey
| | - Sertan Serte
- Department of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringNear East UniversityMersinTurkey
| | - Fadi Al‐Turjman
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Research Center for AI and IoTNear East UniversityMersinTurkey
| | | | - Mehmet Ozsoz
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNear East UniversityMersinTurkey
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Zhang Y, Wu G, Chen S, Ju X, Yimaer W, Zhang W, Lin S, Hao Y, Gu J, Li J. A review on COVID-19 transmission, epidemiological features, prevention and vaccination. MEDICAL REVIEW 2022; 2:23-49. [PMID: 35658107 PMCID: PMC9047653 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2021-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused hundreds of millions of infections and millions of deaths over past two years. Currently, many countries have still not been able to take the pandemic under control. In this review, we systematically summarized what we have done to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic, from the perspectives of virus transmission, public health control measures, to the development and vaccination of COVID-19 vaccines. As a virus most likely coming from bats, the SARS-CoV-2 may transmit among people via airborne, faecal-oral, vertical or foodborne routes. Our meta-analysis suggested that the R0 of COVID-19 was 2.9 (95% CI: 2.7–3.1), and the estimates in Africa and Europe could be higher. The median Rt could decrease by 23–96% following the nonpharmacological interventions, including lockdown, isolation, social distance, and face mask, etc. Comprehensive intervention and lockdown were the most effective measures to control the pandemic. According to the pooled R0 in our meta-analysis, there should be at least 93.3% (95% CI: 89.9–96.2%) people being vaccinated around the world. Limited amount of vaccines and the inequity issues in vaccine allocation call for more international cooperation to achieve the anti-epidemic goals and vaccination fairness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gonghua Wu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shirui Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Ju
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Wangjian Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Yuantao Hao
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Sun Yat-Sen University Global Health Institute, School of Public Health and Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Gu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Cillóniz C, Pericàs JM, Rojas JR, Torres A. Severe Infections Due to Respiratory Viruses. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 43:60-74. [PMID: 35172359 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Severe viral infections may result in severe illnesses capable of causing acute respiratory failure that could progress rapidly to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), related to worse outcomes, especially in individuals with a higher risk of infection, including the elderly and those with comorbidities such as asthma, diabetes mellitus and chronic respiratory or cardiovascular disease. In addition, in cases of severe viral pneumonia, co-infection with bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus is related to worse outcomes. Respiratory viruses like influenza, rhinovirus, parainfluenza, adenovirus, metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and coronavirus have increasingly been detected. This trend has become more prevalent, especially in critically ill patients, due to the availability and implementation of molecular assays in clinical practice. Respiratory viruses have been diagnosed as a frequent cause of severe pneumonia, including cases of community-acquired pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, and ventilator-associated pneumonia. In this review, we will discuss the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical characteristics, management, and prognosis of patients with severe infections due to respiratory viruses, with a focus on influenza viruses, non-influenza viruses, and coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Cillóniz
- Department of Pneumology, Institut Clinic del Tórax, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan M Pericàs
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Internal Medicine Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute for Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge R Rojas
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Regional Docente Clínico Quirúrgico Daniel Alcides Carrión, Huancayo, Perú
| | - Antoni Torres
- Department of Pneumology, Institut Clinic del Tórax, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona (UB), Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Barcelona, Spain
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Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) as Therapeutic Targets for Treating SARS-CoV-2: An Immunobiological Perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1352:87-109. [PMID: 35132596 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85109-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is presently the biggest threat to mankind throughout the globe. Increasing reports on deaths, cases of new infection, and socioeconomic losses are continuously coming from all parts of the world. Developing an efficacious drug and/or vaccine is currently the major goal to the scientific communities. In this context, toll-like receptors (TLRs) could be the useful targets in adopting effective therapeutic approaches. METHODS This chapter has been written by incorporating the findings on TLR-based therapies against SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated in the recently published research papers/reviews. RESULTS TLRs are the essential components of host immunity and play critical roles in deciding the fate of SARS-CoV-2 by influencing the immunoregulatory circuits governing human immune response to this pathogen. Hitherto, a number of multi-subunit peptide-based vaccines and pharmacological agents developed against SARS-CoV-2 have been found to manipulate TLR function. Therefore, circumventing overt immunopathology of COVID-19 applying TLR-antagonists can effectively reduce the morality caused from "cytokine storm"-induced multiorgan failure. Similarly, pre-administration of TLR- agonists may be used as a prophylaxis to sensitize the immune system of the individuals having risk of infection. A lot of collaborative efforts are required for bench-to-bench transformation of these knowledges. CONCLUSION This chapter enlightens the potentials and promises of TLR-guided therapeutic strategies against COVID-19 by reviewing the major findings and achievements depicted in the literatures published till date.
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Gaber R, Abd-Elsalam S, Khalaf M, Esmail ES, Ahmed OA, Fawzy H, Soliman S, Okasha K, El Amrousy D, Ghoneim AM. Ocular Manifestations in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Real World Multicenter Observational Study in Egypt. Open Ophthalmol J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18743641-v15-e2112221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:
The aim of the work was to evaluate the ocular manifestations in the patients with COVID-19 and its role in the prediction of the course and the outcome of the disease.
Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted at two tertiary referral COVID-19 isolation hospitals in two major university hospitals in Egypt. Two hundred and twenty-eight patients were enrolled in the study. The medical records of patients who had clinically confirmed COVID-19 between 1/5/2020 to 15/7/2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Data were collected from patient charts, including age, sex, accommodation, ocular manifestations, fever, headache, cough, dyspnea, anosmia, cyanosis, abdominal pain, anorexia, liver, kidney, cardiac manifestations, CT, X-ray finding, blood tests, and outcome of the disease.
Results:
Thirty-four patients with ocular manifestation were finally enrolled in the study with a mean age of 42.1 years; 20 patients (58.8%) were men. The incidence of ocular manifestation was 14.9% (34/228). All patients with ocular manifestations had conjunctivitis (redness, epiphora, foreign body sensation), which had been treated and resolved completely within 10 days in all patients without any permanent ocular damage. There was a trend between the presence of ocular manifestations and the associated milder disease course, although this trend was not statistically significant.
Conclusion:
Ophthalmic manifestation is common in patients with COVID-19 and it occurs more frequently in patients with mild to moderate form of COVID-19, but it could not predict the patient’s mortality.
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Gaber R, Abd-Elsalam S, Khalaf M, Esmail ES, Ahmed OA, Fawzy H, Soliman S, Okasha K, El Amrousy D, Ghoneim AM. Ocular Manifestations in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Real World Multicenter Observational Study in Egypt. Open Ophthalmol J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18743641-v16-e2112221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:
The aim of the work was to evaluate the ocular manifestations in the patients with COVID-19 and its role in the prediction of the course and the outcome of the disease.
Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted at two tertiary referral COVID-19 isolation hospitals in two major university hospitals in Egypt. Two hundred and twenty-eight patients were enrolled in the study. The medical records of patients who had clinically confirmed COVID-19 between 1/5/2020 to 15/7/2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Data were collected from patient charts, including age, sex, accommodation, ocular manifestations, fever, headache, cough, dyspnea, anosmia, cyanosis, abdominal pain, anorexia, liver, kidney, cardiac manifestations, CT, X-ray finding, blood tests, and outcome of the disease.
Results:
Thirty-four patients with ocular manifestation were finally enrolled in the study with a mean age of 42.1 years; 20 patients (58.8%) were men. The incidence of ocular manifestation was 14.9% (34/228). All patients with ocular manifestations had conjunctivitis (redness, epiphora, foreign body sensation), which had been treated and resolved completely within 10 days in all patients without any permanent ocular damage. There was a trend between the presence of ocular manifestations and the associated milder disease course, although this trend was not statistically significant.
Conclusion:
Ophthalmic manifestation is common in patients with COVID-19 and it occurs more frequently in patients with mild to moderate form of COVID-19, but it could not predict the patient’s mortality.
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Sahu A, Prakash S, Singh AK, Mukherjee S. Analysis of responses of the health care workers recovered from COVID-19 on convalescent plasma donation by apheresis: A single-center survey study. J Clin Apher 2022; 37:273-280. [PMID: 35119768 PMCID: PMC9015390 DOI: 10.1002/jca.21970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) has been tried as a therapy in moderate COVID‐19 pneumonia. Donation of CCP requires motivation from recovered patients. This study evaluated the response of such recovered health care workers (HCWs) when they were motivated for CCP donation. Methods An interview‐based survey was carried out with recovered HCWs as study participants between August 2020 and November 2020. A qualified social worker explained the details of CCP donation over a mobile call; he clarified all their doubts and motivated them for the plasma donation. Their responses were recorded as “interested” or “not interested” followed by analysis. Results We tried to call 624 recovered HCWs, but could not reach 213, and the final group available for the study was 411 participants. Of these 411, 186 were deferred. Finally, we analyzed a total of 225 responses. Eventually, 105 out of 225 HCWs (47%) were interested; there were no significant differences in responses among males and females and between different age groups (<.001) and the “doctors” designation category (P = .01) had a maximum number of “interested” responses. In multivariate logistic regression, only the “interested” responses of the doctors were significantly higher after adjusting the confounding effect of the “graduate and above” educational qualification category. Conclusion This study found that nearly half of the eligible HCWs were interested in CCP donation. The educational qualification and designation among the recovered HCWs had an impact on CCP donation interest. The doctors were more interested in CCP donation compared to others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansuman Sahu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Satya Prakash
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Singh
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Aljohani FD, Khattab A, Elbadawy HM, Alhaddad A, Alahmadey Z, Alahmadi Y, Eltahir HM, Matar HMH, Wanas H. Prognostic factors for predicting severity and mortality in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24216. [PMID: 35076953 PMCID: PMC8906044 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID‐19, has reached all the corners of the world and was declared by the WHO as a global pandemic and public health emergency of international concern on the January 31, 2020. Allocating quick and specific biomarkers to predict the disease severity upon admission to hospital became a crucial need. This study, therefore, aimed at exploring the relationship between laboratory results in COVID‐19 patients admitted to hospital and the final outcome in these patients. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on the medical records of 310 COVID‐19‐positive patients admitted to Uhod Hospital, the referral hospital in the area of Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between the April 13 and the July 29, 2020. The association of laboratory results with the survival/mortality outcomes was studied. Results It was demonstrated that lymphopenia, prolonged aPTT, high INR, high D. dimer and high CK are valuable prognostic predictors of the severity of the disease at early stages that can determine the outcome. Based on the results of the multiple logistic regression, the variables that are associated with death outcome are aPTT, HR, RR, ALT and CK level Conclusion It is proposed to perform these tests on admission to hospital for moderate to severe COVID‐19 patients to improve the management of those cases and reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hossein M. Elbadawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Pharmacy Taibah University Madinah Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Alhaddad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Pharmacy Taibah University Madinah Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yaser Alahmadi
- Department of Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy College of Pharmacy Taibah University Madinah Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba M. Eltahir
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Pharmacy Taibah University Madinah Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba M. H. Matar
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
| | - Hanaa Wanas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Pharmacy Taibah University Madinah Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt
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Zhu X, Xie M, Xia X, Li X, Zhang L. Analysis of Career-Advancement for Medical School Graduates During the COVID-19 Pandemic at a Chinese Teaching Hospital. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 15:739893. [PMID: 34975425 PMCID: PMC8718402 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2021.739893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread social and economic disruptions in the balance of labor market. Our study aims to analyze the career-advancement of medical school graduates during the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated influencing factors. We collected and compared the career-advancement data of medical school graduates at a Chinese teaching hospital from 2016 to 2020. A self-designed 20-element medical graduates employment questionnaire and a Chinese adaptation of the General self-efficacy scale were distributed by the Questionnaire Star platform. Univariate analysis (Pearson's Chi-square-test and Fisher's exact-test) and subsequent binary logistic regression were used. Findings demonstrated that the career-advancement rate of medical graduate students in 2020 is 71.3%, which is significantly lower than that for the preceding 4 years from 2016 to 2019 (p < 0.001). Of the 251 employed medical school graduates, 159 (63.3%) have signed an employment agreement or contract, 83 (33.1%) are pursuing continued education domestically, and 9 (3.6%) have offers from foreign institutions. Univariate analysis revealed statistical differences of medical graduates' employment among various specialties, oral defense completion, job search start date, CV submission times, participation in a probationary period, and self-efficacy. Significant predictors for successful employment were early job search and self-efficacy by logistic regression model (χ2 = 12.719, p < 0.001). Most medical graduates assumed that the COVID-19 pandemic had a major (40.6%) or moderate (48%) impact on career-advancement. The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted the career-advancement of medical school graduates in 2020. We should make adaptive changes to improve the career-advancement of medical graduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Medical Graduates, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingxuan Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Medical Graduates, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Fernández MEC, Zarzuelo MJ, Fernández NA, Valverde-Merino MI, Martínez FM. Intervention model for detection, prevention and control of COVID-19 in community pharmacy. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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45
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Lawal O, Nwegbu C. Movement and risk perception: evidence from spatial analysis of mobile phone-based mobility during the COVID-19 lockdown, Nigeria. GEOJOURNAL 2022; 87:1543-1558. [PMID: 33162644 PMCID: PMC7604547 DOI: 10.1007/s10708-020-10331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of COVID-19 across the globe prompted many countries to institute total lockdown or other models of mobility restrictions to mitigate the spread of the disease. On March 29th, Nigeria instituted a nationwide lockdown. It is pertinent to understand the pattern created by this lockdown. This could offer insights into how people perceive the hazard and the level of compliance across the States in Nigeria. Mobile phone-based mobility data and the number of new cases from the beginning to the end of the lockdown were utilised. The study examines space-time trends across different place categories at the state level. Place categories witnessed mobility reduction as high as 56%, 57%, 65%, 75%, 38% for retail and recreation (RtRc), Grocery and Pharmacy (GrPh), Park, and Transport Hubs (Trst) respectively. Most States recorded mobility uptrend towards workplace, retail and recreational areas. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) identified two dimensions from the Space-time trends. The first dimension (D1) accounted for 66% of the variance. Examination of the Object Scores from the MCA showed that there are two classes-two risk perception groups. The pattern of mobility recorded shows that there is a variation in mobility restriction compliance across the States. The trend groupings identified captured an aspect of risk perception within each State. Thus, pointing to difference in levels of risk acceptance. With the level of misinformation currently being experienced worldwide, concerted efforts should be made on improving risk perception to prevent the re-emergence of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olanrewaju Lawal
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Chidozie Nwegbu
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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Clinicopathologic features among different viral epidemic outbreaks involving the skin. Clin Dermatol 2022; 40:573-585. [PMID: 36509508 PMCID: PMC8219845 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has exceeded any epidemiologic prevision, but increasing information suggests some analogies with the major viral outbreaks in the last century, and a general warning has been issued on the possibility that coinfections can make the differential diagnosis and treatment difficult, especially in tropical countries. Some reports have noted that the presence of high dengue antibodies can give a false-negative result when testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Mucocutaneous manifestations are very frequent, with an apparent overlap among different pathogens. However, strong clinicopathologic correlation might provide some clues to address differentials. Waiting for laboratory and instrumental results, the timing and distribution of skin lesions is often pathognomonic. Histopathologic findings characterize certain reaction patterns and provide insights on pathogenetic mechanisms. Unfortunately, skin assessment, especially invasive examinations such as biopsy, takes a back seat in severely ill patients. A literature retrieval was performed to collect information from other epidemics to counteract what has become the most frightening disease of our time.
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Key Words
- (covid-19), coronavirus 2019 disease
- (who), world health organization
- (sars), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- (sars-cov-2), novel coronavirus
- (mers), middle east respiratory syndrome
- (r0), basic reproductive number
- (mis), multisystem inflammatory syndrome
- (iga), immunoglobulin a
- (ace-2), angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2
- (dengv), dengue virus
- (ttp), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
- (vwf), von willebrand factor
- (cd1a), cluster of diffentiation 1-a
- (rt-pcr), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- (chikv), chikungunya virus
- (e1, e2), envelope glycoprotein
- (ifn-i), interferon-type-i
- (zikv), zika virus
- (ebov), ebola virus
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Chechetkin VR, Lobzin VV. Ribonucleocapsid assembly/packaging signals in the genomes of the coronaviruses SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2: detection, comparison and implications for therapeutic targeting. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:508-522. [PMID: 32901577 PMCID: PMC7544952 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1815581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The genomic ssRNA of coronaviruses is packaged within a helical nucleocapsid. Due to transitional symmetry of a helix, weakly specific cooperative interaction between ssRNA and nucleocapsid proteins leads to the natural selection of specific quasi-periodic assembly/packaging signals in the related genomic sequence. Such signals coordinated with the nucleocapsid helical structure were detected and reconstructed in the genomes of the coronaviruses SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. The main period of the signals for both viruses was about 54 nt, that implies 6.75 nt per N protein. The complete coverage of the ssRNA genome of length about 30,000 nt by the nucleocapsid would need 4.4 × 103 N proteins, that makes them the most abundant among the structural proteins. The repertoires of motifs for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 were divergent but nearly coincided for different isolates of SARS-CoV-2. We obtained the distributions of assembly/packaging signals over the genomes with nonoverlapping windows of width 432 nt. Finally, using the spectral entropy, we compared the load from point mutations and indels during virus age for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. We found the higher mutational load on SARS-CoV. In this sense, SARS-CoV-2 can be treated as a 'newborn' virus. These observations may be helpful in practical medical applications and are of basic interest. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir R. Chechetkin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow,
Russia
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48
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LIczbiński P, Bukowska B. Tea and coffee polyphenols and their biological properties based on the latest in vitro investigations. INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS 2022; 175:114265. [PMID: 34815622 PMCID: PMC8601035 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tea and coffee contain numerous polyphenolic compounds that exhibit health-promoting properties for humans, including antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, and can also take part in the treatment of covid-19 and improve fertility. This review, presents the activity of polyphenols found in different types of tea and coffee and describes the effects of tea fermentation and coffee roasting on their polyphenol composition and antioxidant properties. Polyphenol oxidase activity is reduced in the fermentation process; therefore black tea contains significantly less polyphenolic compounds compared to green and white tea. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate - a polyphenol from tea - effectively has been shown to inhibit the activity of SARS-CoV-2 as it blocked binding of coronavirus 2 to human angiotensin converting enzyme 2, decreased the expression of inflammatory factors in the blood, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, and significantly increased the overall fertilization efficiency in animals. Coffee roasting process influences both the content of polyphenols and the oxidative activity. The lowest levels of active compounds such as caffeine, chlorogenic acid and coffee acids are identified in roasted coffee beans. On the other hand, light coffee and green coffee show the strongest cytotoxic potential and antioxidant properties, and thus the greatest ability to decrease apoptosis by stopping the cell cycle in the S phase. Proteins, such as components of milk, can strongly bind/interact with phenolic compounds (especially, the CGAs) contain in coffee, which may explain the negative influence of milk on its antioxidant properties. Coffee polyphenols have also antiproliferative and antiesterase activities, which may be important in prevention of cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, respectively. In this review, biological properties of tea and coffee polyphenols, observed mainly in in vitro studies have been described. Based on these findings, future directions of the research works on these compounds have been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław LIczbiński
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bożena Bukowska
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Wu B, Ramaiah A, Garcia G, Hasiakos S, Arumugaswami V, Srikanth S. ORAI1 Limits SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Regulating Tonic Type I IFN Signaling. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:74-84. [PMID: 34819389 PMCID: PMC8702473 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ORAI1 and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) are the critical mediators of store-operated Ca2+ entry by acting as the pore subunit and an endoplasmic reticulum-resident signaling molecule, respectively. In addition to Ca2+ signaling, STIM1 is also involved in regulation of the type I IFN (IFN-I) response. To examine their potential role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, we generated ORAI1 and STIM1 knockout human HEK293-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 cells and checked their responses. STIM1 knockout cells showed strong resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection as a result of enhanced IFN-I response. On the contrary, ORAI1 deletion induced high susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mechanistically, ORAI1 knockout cells showed reduced homeostatic cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration and severe impairment in tonic IFN-I signaling. Transcriptome analysis showed downregulation of multiple antiviral signaling pathways in ORAI1 knockout cells, likely because of reduced expression of the Ca2+-dependent transcription factors of the AP-1 family and MEF2C Accordingly, modulation of homeostatic Ca2+ concentration by pretreatment with ORAI1 blocker or agonist could influence baseline IFNB expression and resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection in a human lung epithelial cell line. Our results identify a novel role of ORAI1-mediated Ca2+ signaling in regulating the tonic IFN-I levels, which determine host resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wu
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arunachalam Ramaiah
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA,Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, Center at inStem, Bangalore, KA, 560065, India
| | - Gustavo Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Spyridon Hasiakos
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Senior authors,Address correspondence to: Dr. Sonal Srikanth, Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, 53-266 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, Tel: 310-794-2003; FAX: 310-206-5661, , or, Dr. Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami, B2-049A CHS, Box 956948, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, Tel: 310 – 794-9568,
| | - Sonal Srikanth
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Senior authors,Address correspondence to: Dr. Sonal Srikanth, Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, 53-266 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, Tel: 310-794-2003; FAX: 310-206-5661, , or, Dr. Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami, B2-049A CHS, Box 956948, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, Tel: 310 – 794-9568,
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50
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LIczbiński P, Bukowska B. Tea and coffee polyphenols and their biological properties based on the latest in vitro investigations. INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS 2022. [PMID: 34815622 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tea and coffee contain numerous polyphenolic compounds that exhibit health-promoting properties for humans, including antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, and can also take part in the treatment of covid-19 and improve fertility. This review, presents the activity of polyphenols found in different types of tea and coffee and describes the effects of tea fermentation and coffee roasting on their polyphenol composition and antioxidant properties. Polyphenol oxidase activity is reduced in the fermentation process; therefore black tea contains significantly less polyphenolic compounds compared to green and white tea. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate - a polyphenol from tea - effectively has been shown to inhibit the activity of SARS-CoV-2 as it blocked binding of coronavirus 2 to human angiotensin converting enzyme 2, decreased the expression of inflammatory factors in the blood, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, and significantly increased the overall fertilization efficiency in animals. Coffee roasting process influences both the content of polyphenols and the oxidative activity. The lowest levels of active compounds such as caffeine, chlorogenic acid and coffee acids are identified in roasted coffee beans. On the other hand, light coffee and green coffee show the strongest cytotoxic potential and antioxidant properties, and thus the greatest ability to decrease apoptosis by stopping the cell cycle in the S phase. Proteins, such as components of milk, can strongly bind/interact with phenolic compounds (especially, the CGAs) contain in coffee, which may explain the negative influence of milk on its antioxidant properties. Coffee polyphenols have also antiproliferative and antiesterase activities, which may be important in prevention of cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, respectively. In this review, biological properties of tea and coffee polyphenols, observed mainly in in vitro studies have been described. Based on these findings, future directions of the research works on these compounds have been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław LIczbiński
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bożena Bukowska
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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