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Sameni M, Mirmotalebisohi SA, Dadashkhan S, Ghani S, Abbasi M, Noori E, Zali H. COVID-19: A novel holistic systems biology approach to predict its molecular mechanisms (in vitro) and repurpose drugs. Daru 2023; 31:155-171. [PMID: 37597114 PMCID: PMC10624792 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE COVID-19 strangely kills some youth with no history of physical weakness, and in addition to the lungs, it may even directly harm other organs. Its complex mechanism has led to the loss of any significantly effective drug, and some patients with severe forms still die daily. Common methods for identifying disease mechanisms and drug design are often time-consuming or reductionist. Here, we use a novel holistic systems biology approach to predict its molecular mechanisms (in vitro), significant molecular relations with SARS, and repurpose drugs. METHODS We have utilized its relative phylogenic similarity to SARS. Using the available omics data for SARS and the fewer data for COVID-19 to decode the mechanisms and their significant relations, We applied the Cytoscape analyzer, MCODE, STRING, and DAVID tools to predict the topographically crucial molecules, clusters, protein interaction mappings, and functional analysis. We also applied a novel approach to identify the significant relations between the two infections using the Fischer exact test for MCODE clusters. We then constructed and analyzed a drug-gene network using PharmGKB and DrugBank (retrieved using the dgidb). RESULTS Some of the shared identified crucial molecules, BPs and pathways included Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, Influenza A, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. Besides, our identified crucial molecules specific to host response against SARS-CoV-2 included FGA, BMP4, PRPF40A, and IFI16. CONCLUSION We also introduced seven new repurposed candidate drugs based on the drug-gene network analysis for the identified crucial molecules. Therefore, we suggest that our newly recommended repurposed drugs be further investigated in Vitro and in Vivo against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Sameni
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Mirmotalebisohi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Dadashkhan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sepideh Ghani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abbasi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Zhino-Gene Research Services Co., Tehran, Iran
| | - Effat Noori
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ianhez M, Cerqueira SR, Gomes CM, Talhari CC, Criado PR, Castro CC, Ramos PM, Miot HA. Impact of COVID-19 on leprosy reactions and of leprosy treatments on COVID-19 severity. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2023; 89:133-134. [PMID: 36331835 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_1235_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Ianhez
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical e Dermatologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Selma Rps Cerqueira
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina de Brasília, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Ciro Martins Gomes
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina de Brasília, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Carolina C Talhari
- Department of Dermatology, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Criado
- Department of Dermatology, Centro Universitário Faculdade de Medicina do ABC and Alergoskin Alergia e Dermatologia, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Cs Castro
- School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paulo M Ramos
- Department of Dermatology, UNESP Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hélio A Miot
- Department of Dermatology, UNESP Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Amra B, Ashrafi F, Torki M, Hashemi M, Shirzadi M, Soltaninejad F, Sadeghi S, Salmasi M, Sami R, Darakhshandeh A, Nasirian M, Pourajam S. Thalidomide for the Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:14. [PMID: 36926422 PMCID: PMC10012021 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_248_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 has become a public health concern with a high number of fatalities. Thalidomide can target inflammatory mediators and decrease inflammation in SARS-CoV-2. Materials and Methods An open-label, randomized controlled trial was conducted on patients with compatible lung high-resolution computed tomography scan for COVID-19 pneumonia and moderate involvement. Childbearing-age women were excluded. A total of 20 patients in the control group receiving usual treatment were compared with 26 patients in the case group who in addition to the same regimen also received thalidomide. The primary outcome was time for clinical recovery (TTCR) and intensive-care unit (ICU) admission. Results From April 25 to August 8, 2020, based on the inclusion criteria, 47 patients were assigned to the study. Patients receiving thalidomide had a mean TTCR of days 5.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7-10.3), as compared with days 5.3 (95% CI, 1.7-8.9) with control (odds ratio 0.01; 95% CI, -1.58-1.59, P = 0.807). The incidence of ICU admission was 27% in the thalidomide group compared with 20% in the control group (odds ratio 3.89; 95% CI, 0.55-27.4, P = 0.425). The mean length of stay in hospital in both groups was 10 days. Progressive improvement in respiratory rate, fever, and O2 saturation during the study was seen in both groups without a significant difference between the thalidomide and control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion This study investigated the effects of thalidomide to treat moderate COVID-19 clinical outcomes. The results established that this drug regimen did not add more effect to usual treatment for moderate COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Amra
- Bamdad Respiratory and Sleep Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Sleep Ward, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Ashrafi
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Torki
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Hashemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohamad Shirzadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Forogh Soltaninejad
- Bamdad Respiratory and Sleep Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Sleep Ward, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Sadeghi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Salmasi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ramin Sami
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Darakhshandeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Nasirian
- Department of Epidemiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Pourajam
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Andrews PL, Williams RS, Sanger GJ. Anti-emetic effects of thalidomide: Evidence, mechanism of action, and future directions. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 3:100138. [PMID: 36568268 PMCID: PMC9780081 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The rationale for using thalidomide (THD) as a treatment for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy in the late 1950s appears to have been based on its sedative or hypnotic properties. In contrast to contemporaneous studies on the anti-emetic activity of phenothiazines, we were unable to identify publications reporting preclinical or clinical evaluation of THD as an anti-emetic. Our survey of the literature revealed a clinical study in 1965 showing THD reduced vomiting in cancer chemotherapy which was substantiated by similar studies from 2000, particularly showing efficacy in the delayed phase of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. To identify the mechanism(s) potentially involved in thalidomide's anti-emetic activity we reviewed its pharmacology in the light of nausea and vomiting mechanisms and their pharmacology with a particular emphasis on chemotherapy and pregnancy. The process identified the following potential mechanisms: reduced secretion of Growth Differentiation Factor 15, suppression of inflammation/prostaglandin production, downregulation of cytotoxic drug induced upregulation of iNOS, and modulation of BK (KCa1.1) channels and GABAA/glutamate transmission at critical points in the emetic pathways (nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema). We propose ways to investigate these hypothesized mechanisms and discuss the associated challenges (e.g., objective quantification of nausea) in addition to some of the more general aspects of developing novel drugs to treat nausea and vomiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L.R. Andrews
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin S.B. Williams
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth J. Sanger
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
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Roberti A, Chaffey LE, Greaves DR. NF-κB Signaling and Inflammation-Drug Repurposing to Treat Inflammatory Disorders? BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030372. [PMID: 35336746 PMCID: PMC8945680 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Since its first description 35 years ago, the transcription factor NF-κB (nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) has been shown to be a key mediator of immune cell responses to inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress and genotoxic injury. Dysregulated NF-κB signalling drives inflammation in inflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, re-establishing the appropriate regulation of NF-κB activity seems like a promising approach to treat inflammatory diseases. Current anti-inflammatory drugs have many, often serious, side effects. Thus, there is an unmet clinical need for safe and effective anti-inflammatory medicines that both decrease inflammatory mediator production and enhance endogenous anti-inflammatory and prorepair pathways. So far, traditional de novo drug discovery has fallen short of satisfying this need. Drug repurposing is a cost- and time-effective alternative to de novo drug development for the identification of novel applications and has already resulted in the identification of effective anti-inflammatories in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper we critically review NF-κB as a potential target for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs with an emphasis on drug repurposing as a strategy to identify new approaches to treat inflammatory diseases. Abstract NF-κB is a central mediator of inflammation, response to DNA damage and oxidative stress. As a result of its central role in so many important cellular processes, NF-κB dysregulation has been implicated in the pathology of important human diseases. NF-κB activation causes inappropriate inflammatory responses in diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Thus, modulation of NF-κB signaling is being widely investigated as an approach to treat chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmunity and cancer. The emergence of COVID-19 in late 2019, the subsequent pandemic and the huge clinical burden of patients with life-threatening SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia led to a massive scramble to repurpose existing medicines to treat lung inflammation in a wide range of healthcare systems. These efforts continue and have proven to be controversial. Drug repurposing strategies are a promising alternative to de novo drug development, as they minimize drug development timelines and reduce the risk of failure due to unexpected side effects. Different experimental approaches have been applied to identify existing medicines which inhibit NF-κB that could be repurposed as anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Chen X, Lei L, Liu S, Han J, Li R, Men J, Li L, Wei L, Sheng Y, Yang L, Zhou B, Zhu L. Occurrence and risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) against COVID-19 in lakes and WWTP-river-estuary system in Wuhan, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148352. [PMID: 34147798 PMCID: PMC8197610 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) for controlling and preventing the COVID-19 would have sharply increased during the pandemic. To evaluate their post-pandemic environmental impacts, five categories of drugs were detected in lakes and WWTP-river-estuary system near hospitals of Jinyintan, Huoshenshan and Leishenshan in the three regions (J, H and L) (Regions J, H and L) in Wuhan, China. The total amount of PPCPs (ranging from 2.61 to 1122 ng/L in water and 0.11 to 164 ng/g dry weight in sediments) were comparable to historical reports in Yangtze River basin, whereas the detection frequency and concentrations of ribavirin and azithromycin were higher than those of historical studies. The distribution of concerned drugs varied with space, season, media and water types: sampling sites located at WWTPs-river-estuary system around two hospitals (Regions L and J) usually had relatively high waterborne contamination levels, most of which declined in autumn; lakes had relatively low waterborne contamination levels in summer but increased in autumn. The potential risks of detected PPCPs were further evaluated using the multiple-level ecological risk assessment (MLERA): sulfamethoxazole and azithromycin were found to pose potential risks to aquatic organisms according to a semi-probabilistic approach and classified as priority pollutants based on an optimized risk assessment. In general, the COVID-19 pandemic did not cause serious pollution in lakes and WWTPs-river-estuary system in Wuhan City. However, the increased occurrence of certain drugs and their potential ecological risks need further attention. A strict source control policy and an advanced monitoring and risk warning system for emergency response and long-term risk control of PPCPs is urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Sitian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Jian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Ruiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; Ecological Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Changjiang River Basin Ecological Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430014, PR China
| | - Jun Men
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Wuhan Environmental Protection Sciences Research Institute, Wuhan 430015, PR China
| | - Lin Wei
- Wuhan Environmental Protection Sciences Research Institute, Wuhan 430015, PR China
| | - Yaqi Sheng
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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Vargesson N, Stephens T. Thalidomide: history, withdrawal, renaissance, and safety concerns. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2021; 20:1455-1457. [PMID: 34623196 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2021.1991307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Vargesson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition. Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Trent Stephens
- Idaho Dental Education Program and Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
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Santana AC, Andraus W, Silva FMO, Dellê H, Pepineli R, de Moraes EL, Scavone C, de Sá Lima L, Degaspari S, Brasil S, Solla DJF, Ruiz LM, de Oliveira-Braga KA, Nepomuceno NA, Pêgo-Fernandes PM, Tullius SG, Figueiredo EG. Immunomodulatory effects of thalidomide in an experimental brain death liver donor model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19221. [PMID: 34584130 PMCID: PMC8479052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain death is characterized by a generalized inflammatory response that results in multiorgan damage. This process is mainly mediated through cytokines, which amplify graft immunogenicity. We investigated the immunological response in a brain death liver donor model and analysed the effects of thalidomide, a drug with powerful immunomodulatory properties. Brain death was induced in male Lewis rats. We studied three groups: Control (sham-operated rats in which trepanation was performed without inserting the balloon catheter), BD (rats subjected to brain death by increasing intracranial pressure) and BD + Thalid (BD rats receiving thalidomide after brain death). After 6 h, serum levels of AST, ALT, LDH, and ALP as well as systemic and hepatic levels of TNF-α, IL1-β, IL-6, and IL-10 were analysed. We also determined the mRNA expression of MHC Class I and Class II, NF-κB, and macrophage infiltration. NF-κB was also examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Thalidomide treatment significantly reduced serum levels of hepatic enzymes and TNF-α, IL-1-β, and IL-6. These cytokines were evaluated at either the mRNA expression or protein level in liver tissue. In addition, thalidomide administration resulted in a significant reduction in macrophages, MHC Class I and Class II, and NF-κB activation. This study reveals that thalidomide significantly inhibited the immunologic response and graft immunogenicity, possibly through suppression of NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Chagas Santana
- Neurological Surgery Department, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 255, 5th Floor, São Paulo, CEP: 05402-000, Brazil. .,Organ Procurement Organization Department, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Wellington Andraus
- Gastroenterology Department, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Humberto Dellê
- Medical Science Department, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pepineli
- Medical Science Department, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edvaldo Leal de Moraes
- Organ Procurement Organization Department, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa de Sá Lima
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Degaspari
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Brasil
- Neurological Surgery Department, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 255, 5th Floor, São Paulo, CEP: 05402-000, Brazil
| | - Davi Jorge Fontoura Solla
- Neurological Surgery Department, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 255, 5th Floor, São Paulo, CEP: 05402-000, Brazil
| | - Liliane Moreira Ruiz
- Cardiopneumology Department, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Gunther Tullius
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eberval Gadelha Figueiredo
- Neurological Surgery Department, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 255, 5th Floor, São Paulo, CEP: 05402-000, Brazil
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Malik S, Cohen PR. Thalidomide-Then and Now: Case Report of a Woman With Thalidomide Embryopathy and Review of Current Thalidomide Uses. Cureus 2021; 13:e17070. [PMID: 34522548 PMCID: PMC8428198 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thalidomide was initially developed as a sedative; subsequently, its use was expanded to treat morning sickness in pregnant women. However, it was later discovered to be a teratogenic drug that was associated with embryopathy in women. A woman is described who was exposed to thalidomide in utero. She had several stigmata of thalidomide embryopathy. Although treatment of nausea and anxiety in pregnant women with thalidomide was discontinued in 1961, the drug has been found to be a useful agent for the management of several systemic conditions and dermatological disorders. Whether the treatment with thalidomide shall be incorporated in the therapeutic regime for patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Malik
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Philip R Cohen
- Dermatology, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, USA
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Mehraeen E, Najafi Z, Hayati B, Javaherian M, Rahimi S, Dadras O, SeyedAlinaghi S, Ghadimi M, Sabatier JM. Current Treatments and Therapeutic Options for COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:e260721194968. [PMID: 34313204 DOI: 10.2174/1871526521666210726150435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 is the third rising epidemic in the 21st century that quickly turned into a worldwide pandemic. Many clinical studies have been achieved to investigate treatments to confrontation of COVID-19. Therefore, we conducted a systematic reviewto describe the recent treatment strategies to treat COVID-19 patients. METHODS A systematic search was performed in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Science direct, Up to date, and Web of Science using the keywords of Coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Novel Coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, Treatment, Medicine, Therapy, Intervention, Drug, Medications, and Cure. RESULTS We included 58 studies including 38 articles (eleven reviews, ten editorial documents, three case reports, one mix method, one cohort study,) and 19 published clinical trials. Review of studies showed that Lopinavir/Ritonavir (n=16), Remdesivir (n=13), Convalescent plasma (n=11), Chloroquine (n=11), Ribavirin (n=9), Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (n=8), Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) (n=8), and Arbidol (n=7), were the most frequently used therapies used to treat COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION In the absence of definitive treatment protocols, recently proposed approaches appear to be an effective therapy for accelerating the recovery of COVID-19 patients. Some of these treatments may have been in the early stages of testing. However, future preclinical and clinical trials are warranted to validate findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Mehraeen
- Department of Health Information Technology, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
| | - Zeinab Najafi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Hayati
- Department of Environmental Health, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javaherian
- Department of Physiotherapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Rahimi
- Department of Environmental Health, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
| | - Omid Dadras
- Department of Global Health and Socioepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghadimi
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Université Aix-Marseille, Institut deNeuro-physiopathologie (INP),UMR 7051, Faculté de Pharmacie,27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385Marseille Cedex, France
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Russick J, Foy PE, Josseaume N, Meylan M, Hamouda NB, Kirilovsky A, Sissy CE, Tartour E, Smadja DM, Karras A, Hulot JS, Livrozet M, Fayol A, Arlet JB, Diehl JL, Dragon-Durey MA, Pagès F, Cremer I. Immune Signature Linked to COVID-19 Severity: A SARS-Score for Personalized Medicine. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701273. [PMID: 34322128 PMCID: PMC8312547 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to a highly variable clinical evolution, ranging from asymptomatic to severe disease with acute respiratory distress syndrome, requiring intensive care units (ICU) admission. The optimal management of hospitalized patients has become a worldwide concern and identification of immune biomarkers predictive of the clinical outcome for hospitalized patients remains a major challenge. Immunophenotyping and transcriptomic analysis of hospitalized COVID-19 patients at admission allow identifying the two categories of patients. Inflammation, high neutrophil activation, dysfunctional monocytic response and a strongly impaired adaptive immune response was observed in patients who will experience the more severe form of the disease. This observation was validated in an independent cohort of patients. Using in silico analysis on drug signature database, we identify differential therapeutics that specifically correspond to each group of patients. From this signature, we propose a score-the SARS-Score-composed of easily quantifiable biomarkers, to classify hospitalized patients upon arrival to adapt treatment according to their immune profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Russick
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Inflammation, Complement and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Foy
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Inflammation, Complement and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Josseaume
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Inflammation, Complement and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Meylan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Inflammation, Complement and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Ben Hamouda
- Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, Universite de Paris, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Integrative Cancer Immunology F-75006, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
| | - Amos Kirilovsky
- Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, Universite de Paris, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Integrative Cancer Immunology F-75006, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
| | - Carine El Sissy
- Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, Universite de Paris, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Integrative Cancer Immunology F-75006, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - David M. Smadja
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Hemostasis, INSERM, Hematology Department and Biosurgical Research Lab, (Carpentier Foundation) Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université de Paris (APHP-CUP), Paris, France
- F-CRIN INNOVTE, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Alexandre Karras
- Department of Nephrology, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Department of Nephrology, Universite de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- Université de Paris, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France
- CIC1418 and DMU CARTE, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Marine Livrozet
- Université de Paris, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France
- CIC1418 and DMU CARTE, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Fayol
- Université de Paris, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France
- CIC1418 and DMU CARTE, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Arlet
- Department of Nephrology, Universite de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Diehl
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM, Paris, France
- Intensive Care Unit and Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation), AH-HP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Dragon-Durey
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Inflammation, Complement and Cancer, Paris, France
- Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, Universite de Paris, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Integrative Cancer Immunology F-75006, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
| | - Franck Pagès
- Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, Universite de Paris, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Integrative Cancer Immunology F-75006, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universite, Inserm, Universite de Paris, Team Inflammation, Complement and Cancer, Paris, France
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12
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Blanco S, Macario A, López JC. The structure of isolated thalidomide as reference for its chirality-dependent biological activity: a laser-ablation rotational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13705-13713. [PMID: 34128013 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01691a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Thalidomide is a drug that presents two enantiomers with markedly different pharmacological and toxicological activities. It is sadly famous due to its teratogenic effects mostly caused by the preferential docking of the (S)-enantiomer to the target protein cereblon (CRBN). To compare the structure of the bound CRBN thalidomide enantiomers with that of the isolated molecule, the rotational spectrum of laser-ablated thalidomide has been studied by chirp-pulsed Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy in supersonic jets complemented by theoretical computations. A new setup of the laser ablation nozzle used is presented. Two stable equatorial and axial conformers of thalidomide have been predicted corresponding to the two possible bent conformations exhibited by the glutarimide moiety. Only the most stable equatorial conformer has been detected. The comparison of its structure with those of the (S)- and (R)-enantiomers bound to CBRN shows that the bound (S) species is only slightly distorted. On the contrary, the bound (R)-enantiomer exhibits a highly distorted structure which affects the degree of puckering of the glutarimide ring and especially to the orientation of the phtalimide and glutarimide subunits. This is consistent with a less stable (R)-enantiomer and the known preference of (S)-thalidomide to bind CRBN, which starts the process leading to teratogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Blanco
- Departamento de Química Física y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, IU CINQUIMA, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Macario
- Departamento de Química Física y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, IU CINQUIMA, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos López
- Departamento de Química Física y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, IU CINQUIMA, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
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13
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Thangaraju P, B AK, Venkatesan S. Vigilance in selection of low-dose versus high-dose steroids in COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 109:54-55. [PMID: 34139368 PMCID: PMC8277292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pugazhenthan Thangaraju
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Aravind Kumar B
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sajitha Venkatesan
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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14
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Havare ÖÇ. Quantitative Structure Analysis of Some Molecules in Drugs Used in the Treatment of COVID-19 with Topological Indices. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1934045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Özge Çolakoğlu Havare
- Mathematics Department, Arts and Sciences Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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15
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Chen R, Lan Z, Ye J, Pang L, Liu Y, Wu W, Qin X, Guo Y, Zhang P. Cytokine Storm: The Primary Determinant for the Pathophysiological Evolution of COVID-19 Deterioration. Front Immunol 2021; 12:589095. [PMID: 33995341 PMCID: PMC8115911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.589095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an ongoing major threat to global health and has posed significant challenges for the treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients. Several studies have reported that cytokine storms are an important cause of disease deterioration and death in COVID-19 patients. Consequently, it is important to understand the specific pathophysiological processes underlying how cytokine storms promote the deterioration of COVID-19. Here, we outline the pathophysiological processes through which cytokine storms contribute to the deterioration of SARS-CoV-2 infection and describe the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system, as well as the pathophysiology of immune response dysfunction that leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and coagulation impairment. Treatments based on inhibiting cytokine storm-induced deterioration and occurrence are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University/The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhien Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University/The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jujian Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University/The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Pang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University/The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University/The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University/The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohuan Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University/The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peidong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University/The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Li C, Zhao H, Cheng L, Wang B. Anti-Inflammation, Immunomodulation and Therapeutic Repair in Current Clinical Trials for the Management of COVID-19. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:1345-1356. [PMID: 33824579 PMCID: PMC8018429 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s301173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), continues to spread around the world. While prophylactic vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are making great progress, there is still a need to explore safe and effective therapies with biological products for COVID-19. Currently clinical trial efforts are planned and ongoing using different biological agents for anti-inflammatory therapies, immunomodulation, and therapeutic repair in COVID-19. Targeting inflammatory cytokines with antibodies or inhibitors may be an urgent therapeutic strategy for COVID-19. Importantly, it is critical for an in-depth understanding of these new clinical therapeutic agents in their conditions that are probably involved in both physiological and pathological host responses. In this article, we analyze the potential implications for the current clinical trials of therapeutic biologics and address issues for the development of the COVID-19-related biological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghai Li
- Stem Cell Program of Clinical Research Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China.,Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Immune Cell and Stem Cell Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Linna Cheng
- Institute of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
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17
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Afshar Z, Babazadeh A, Javanian M, Barary M, Rekha V, Ebrahimpour S. A comprehensive review of COVID-19 treatment. ACTA FACULTATIS MEDICAE NAISSENSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/afmnai38-26326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus strain that caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This novel coronavirus is an emerging global health threat. It caused approximately 140 million confirmed cases, with about 3 million deaths worldwide until April 18, 2021. Although there are two approved medications for this disease, remdesivir and dexamethasone, numerous studies are underway to investigate more therapeutic options. However, so far, most treatments have been supportive, and the clinical efficacy of the suggested drugs is still under consideration. The purpose of this review is to summarize the ongoing treatments, such as several antivirals, convalescent plasma transfusion, and adjunctive medications, with the intent of serving as a clinical guide for the physician and a resource for further evaluations in various clinical trials.
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