1
|
Pierangeli A, Midulla F, Piralla A, Ferrari G, Nenna R, Pitrolo AMG, Licari A, Marseglia GL, Abruzzese D, Pellegrinelli L, Galli C, Binda S, Cereda D, Fracella M, Oliveto G, Campagna R, Petrarca L, Pariani E, Antonelli G, Baldanti F. Sequence analysis of respiratory syncytial virus cases reveals a novel subgroup -B strain circulating in north-central Italy after pandemic restrictions. J Clin Virol 2024; 173:105681. [PMID: 38733664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the pandemic restrictions, the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has changed, leading to intense hospitalization peaks. OBJECTIVES This study, conducted at multiple sites in Italy, aimed to describe the temporal dynamics of two post-COVID-19 RSV epidemics. Additionally, the circulating RSV-A and -B lineages were characterized and compared to those found in 2018 and 2019. STUDY DESIGN Respiratory specimens and data were collected from RSV-positive patients, both inpatients, and outpatients, of all ages at three sites in north-central Italy. To analyze these samples, roughly one-sixth were sequenced in the attachment glycoprotein G gene and subjected to phylogenetic and mutational analyses, including pre-pandemic sequences from north-central Italy. RESULTS The first post-pandemic surge of RSV cases was quite intense, occurring from October 2021 to early January 2022. The subsequent RSV epidemic (from November 2022 to early March 2023) also had a high impact, characterized by a rise in elderly patient cases. Post-pandemic cases of RSV-A were caused by various strains present in Italy prior to COVID-19. In contrast, a distinct RSV-B lineage, which was concurrently spreading in other countries, was identified as the main cause of the surge in 2022-2023 but remained undetected in Italy before the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS This study describes the temporal dynamics of post-pandemic RSV subgroups and uncovers a lineage of RSV-B with high genetic divergence that may have increased the impact of decreased population immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pierangeli
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, V.le Porta Tiburtina, 28, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Midulla
- Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University, V.le Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Piralla
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale C. Golgi, 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Ferrari
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale C. Golgi, 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Raffaella Nenna
- Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University, V.le Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Amelia Licari
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, via S. da Nuova, 65, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale C. Golgi, 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, via S. da Nuova, 65, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale C. Golgi, 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Dario Abruzzese
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale C. Golgi, 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Pellegrinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, via C. Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Galli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, via C. Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Binda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, via C. Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Danilo Cereda
- DG Welfare, Regione Lombardia, Piazza Città di Lombardia, 1, 20124, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Fracella
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, V.le Porta Tiburtina, 28, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Oliveto
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, V.le Porta Tiburtina, 28, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Campagna
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, V.le Porta Tiburtina, 28, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrarca
- Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University, V.le Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Pariani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, via C. Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, V.le Porta Tiburtina, 28, 00185 Rome, Italy; University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, V.le del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale C. Golgi, 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, via S. da Nuova, 65, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shook LM, Rosen BL, Mara CA, Mosley C, Thompson AA, Smith-Whitley K, Schwartz L, Barriteau C, King A, Oke E, Jallow F, Murphy B, Crosby L. Attitudes, Beliefs, and Intention to Receive a COVID-19 Vaccine for Pediatric Patients With Sickle Cell Disease. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2024; 46:e305-e312. [PMID: 38775380 PMCID: PMC11188626 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD), which occurs primarily in individuals of African descent, has been identified as a preexisting health condition for COVID-19 with higher rates of hospitalization, intensive care unit admissions, and death. National data indicate Black individuals have higher rates of vaccine hesitancy and lower COVID-19 vaccination rates. Understanding the key predictors of intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine is essential as intention is strongly associated with vaccination behavior. This multisite study examined attitudes, beliefs, intentions to receive COVID-19 vaccines, and educational preferences among adolescents, young adults, and caregivers of children living with SCD. Participants completed an online survey between July 2021 and March 2022. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between participant age and COVID-19 vaccine attitudes, beliefs, and vaccine intentions. Of the 200 participants, 65.1% of adolescents, 62.5% of young adults, and 48.4% of caregivers intended to receive a COVID-19 vaccine for themselves or their child. Perception that the vaccine was safe was statistically significant and associated with patient and caregiver intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine for themselves or their child. Participant age was also statistically significant and associated with the intent to get a booster for patients. Study findings highlight key concerns and influencers identified by patients with SCD and their caregivers that are essential for framing COVID-19 vaccine education during clinical encounters. Study results can also inform the design of messaging campaigns for the broader pediatric SCD population and targeted interventions for SCD subpopulations (eg, adolescents, caregivers).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Shook
- Division of Hematology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Brittany L. Rosen
- Division of Behavioral Medicine & Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Constance A. Mara
- Division of Behavioral Medicine & Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Cami Mosley
- Division of Hematology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute
| | - Alexis A. Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Division of Hematology
| | - Kim Smith-Whitley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Division of Hematology
| | - Lisa Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christina Barriteau
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Allison King
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, St. Louis Children’s Hospital
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Eniola Oke
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital
| | | | - Bridget Murphy
- Division of Behavioral Medicine & Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | - Lori Crosby
- Division of Behavioral Medicine & Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Velasco JM, Valderama MT, Diones PC, Leonardia S, Alcantara S, Joonlasak K, Chinnawirotpisan P, Manasatienkij W, Klungthong C, Arellano ER, Osia CM, Magistrado-Payot J, Fajardo P, Navarro FC, Wuertz KM, Farmer A. Outbreak of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 at the Armed Forces of the Philippines Health Service Education and Training Center, September 25-October 10, 2023. MSMR 2024; 31:9-15. [PMID: 38847656 PMCID: PMC11189823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
In the last week of September 2023, a surge of influenza-like illness was observed among students of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) Health Service Education and Training Center, where 48 (27 males and 21 females; age in years: mean 33, range 27-41) of 247 military students at the Center presented with respiratory symptoms. Between September 25 and October 10, 2023, all 48 symptomatic students were evaluated with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and sequencing for both influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Thirteen (27%) students were found positive for influenza A/H3 only, 6 (13%) for SARS-CoV-2 only, and 4 (8%) were co-infected with influenza A/H3 and SARS-CoV-2. Seventeen influenza A/ H3N2 viruses belonged to the same clade, 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.3a, and 4 SARSCoV-2 sequences belonged to the JE1.1 lineage, indicating a common source outbreak for both. The influenza A/H3N2 circulating virus belonged to a different clade than the vaccine strain for 2023 (3C.2a1b.2a.2a). Only 4 students had received the influenza vaccine for 2023. In response, the AFP Surgeon General issued a memorandum to all military health institutions on October 19, 2023 that mandated influenza vaccination as a prerequisite for enrollment of students at all education and training centers, along with implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions and early notification and testing of students exhibiting influenza-like-illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Mark Velasco
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
- University of the Philippines Manila, Ermita
| | - Maria Theresa Valderama
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paula Corazon Diones
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Susie Leonardia
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Simon Alcantara
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khajohn Joonlasak
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyawan Chinnawirotpisan
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wudtichai Manasatienkij
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonticha Klungthong
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Errol Roy Arellano
- V. Luna Medical Center, AFP Health Service Command, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Carrol Mae Osia
- Public Health Service Center, Armed Forces of the Philippines Health Service Command, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Joy Magistrado-Payot
- Office of the Surgeon General, Camp General Emilio Aguinaldo, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Paul Fajardo
- Public Health Service Center, Armed Forces of the Philippines Health Service Command, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Fatima Claire Navarro
- Office of the Surgeon General, Camp General Emilio Aguinaldo, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Kathryn McGuckin Wuertz
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aaron Farmer
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bishop K, Meiring S, Tempia S, von Gottberg A, Wolter N, Kleynhans J, Moosa F, du Plessis M, Moyes J, Makhasi M, Chuene B, Samuels A, Dawood H, Reubenson G, Zar H, Quan V, Cohen C, Walaza S. Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19 Among Children and Adolescents Enrolled in Acute Respiratory Infection Sentinel Surveillance in South Africa, 2020-2022. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e13300. [PMID: 38666359 PMCID: PMC11046310 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying children at risk for severe COVID-19 disease from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may guide future mitigation interventions. Using sentinel surveillance data, we aimed to identify risk factors for SARS-CoV-2-associated hospitalisation among patients aged ≤ 18 years with respiratory illness. METHODS From April 2020 to March 2022, patients meeting study case definitions were enrolled at four outpatient influenza-like illness (ILI) and five inpatient severe respiratory infection (SRI) surveillance sites and tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Each ILI clinic shared a catchment area with its corresponding SRI hospital. Potential risk factors for SARS-CoV-2-associated hospitalisation were analysed using multivariable logistic regression by comparing inpatient versus outpatient SARS-CoV-2 cases. RESULTS Of 4688 participants aged ≤ 18 years, 4556 (97%) with complete PCR and HIV data were included in the analysis. Among patients with ILI and SRI, 92/1145 (8%) and 154/3411 (5%) tested SARS-CoV-2 positive, respectively. Compared to outpatients, hospitalised SARS-CoV-2 cases were associated with age < 6 months ([adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 8.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.7-24.0] versus 1-4 years); underlying medical condition other than HIV [aOR 5.8, 95% CI 2.3-14.6]; laboratory-confirmed Omicron BA.1/BA.2 or Delta variant ([aOR 4.9, 95% CI 1.7-14.2] or [aOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.1-7.3] compared to ancestral SARS-CoV-2); and respiratory syncytial virus coinfection [aOR 6.2, 95% CI 1.0-38.5]. CONCLUSION Aligning with previous research, we identified age < 6 months or having an underlying condition as risk factors for SARS-CoV-2-associated SRI hospitalisation and demonstrated the potential of sentinel surveillance to monitor COVID-19 in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Bishop
- Division of Public Health Surveillance and ResponseNational Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), a division of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS)JohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Susan Meiring
- Division of Public Health Surveillance and ResponseNational Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), a division of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS)JohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Stefano Tempia
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), a division of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS)JohannesburgSouth Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
- MassGenicsDuluthGeorgiaUSA
- Influenza ProgramCenters for Disease Control and PreventionPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Anne von Gottberg
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), a division of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS)JohannesburgSouth Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Nicole Wolter
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), a division of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS)JohannesburgSouth Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Jackie Kleynhans
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), a division of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS)JohannesburgSouth Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Fahima Moosa
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), a division of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS)JohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Mignon du Plessis
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), a division of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS)JohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Jocelyn Moyes
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), a division of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS)JohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Mvuyo Makhasi
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), a division of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS)JohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Boitumelo Chuene
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), a division of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS)JohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Aaron M. Samuels
- Influenza ProgramCenters for Disease Control and PreventionPretoriaSouth Africa
- Influenza DivisionNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Halima Dawood
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of MedicineGreys HospitalPietermaritzburgKwaZulu‐NatalSouth Africa
| | - Gary Reubenson
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Heather J. Zar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, and SA‐MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Vanessa Quan
- Division of Public Health Surveillance and ResponseNational Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), a division of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS)JohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Cheryl Cohen
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), a division of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS)JohannesburgSouth Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Sibongile Walaza
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), a division of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS)JohannesburgSouth Africa
- DST/NRF Vaccine Preventable DiseasesRespiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit (RMPRU)JohannesburgSouth Africa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Parino F, Gustani-Buss E, Bedford T, Suchard MA, Trovão NS, Rambaut A, Colizza V, Poletto C, Lemey P. Integrating dynamical modeling and phylogeographic inference to characterize global influenza circulation. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.14.24303719. [PMID: 38559244 PMCID: PMC10980132 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.14.24303719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Global seasonal influenza circulation involves a complex interplay between local (seasonality, demography, host immunity) and global factors (international mobility) shaping recurrent epidemic patterns. No studies so far have reconciled the two spatial levels, evaluating the coupling between national epidemics, considering heterogeneous coverage of epidemiological and virological data, integrating different data sources. We propose a novel combined approach based on a dynamical model of global influenza spread (GLEAM), integrating high-resolution demographic and mobility data, and a generalized linear model of phylogeographic diffusion that accounts for time-varying migration rates. Seasonal migration fluxes across global macro-regions simulated with GLEAM are tested as phylogeographic predictors to provide model validation and calibration based on genetic data. Seasonal fluxes obtained with a specific transmissibility peak time and recurrent travel outperformed the raw air-transportation predictor, previously considered as optimal indicator of global influenza migration. Influenza A subtypes supported autumn-winter reproductive number as high as 2.25 and an average immunity duration of 2 years. Similar dynamics were preferred by influenza B lineages, with a lower autumn-winter reproductive number. Comparing simulated epidemic profiles against FluNet data offered comparatively limited resolution power. The multiscale approach enables model selection yielding a novel computational framework for describing global influenza dynamics at different scales - local transmission and national epidemics vs. international coupling through mobility and imported cases. Our findings have important implications to improve preparedness against seasonal influenza epidemics. The approach can be generalized to other epidemic contexts, such as emerging disease outbreaks to improve the flexibility and predictive power of modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Parino
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidemiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Paris, France
| | - Emanuele Gustani-Buss
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Trevor Bedford
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Marc A. Suchard
- Departments of Biomathematics and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - Andrew Rambaut
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Vittoria Colizza
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidemiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Paris, France
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chiara Poletto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim DJ, Cho KH, Kim S, Lee H. Influenza vaccination before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the elderly in South Korea. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:503-508. [PMID: 38295673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza epidemics are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in older adults; thus, vaccination is recommended. However, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic could affect influenza vaccination. METHODS The influenza vaccination rate was estimated from the Korea Community Health Survey data from 2011 to 2021 using Joinpoint regression. We used multiple logistic regression analysis from each two flu seasons data before (2017-18 and 2018-19 seasons) and during (2019-20 and 2020-21 seasons) the COVID-19 pandemic to identify older adults who were not been vaccinated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we stratified changes in influenza vaccination according to the flu season, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and health status. RESULTS The annual percentage change in influenza non-vaccination rate from 2010-11 to 2018-19 seasons and from 2019-20 to 2020-21 seasons was -8.31% (confidence interval (CI), -9.60 to -7.00) and 11.41% (CI, -3.22 to 28.25), respectively. Compared to before COVID-19, in the 2019-20 and 2020-21 seasons, the odds ratio (OR) of non-vaccination was 0.87 (CI, 0.83-0.91) and 1.18 (95% CI, 1.13-1.24), respectively. The decrease in influenza vaccination among older individuals with higher education (OR, 1.24; CI, 1.11-1.39) was greater than that among those with lower education (OR, 1.09; CI, 0.98-1.22). Older individuals with the lowest income level or poor self-rated health showed reduced influenza vaccination. CONCLUSIONS We estimated the trends of influenza vaccination and identified subgroups with decreased vaccination rates during the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults in South Korea. Health policy decision-makers, practitioners, and researchers should consider the implications of COVID-19 on changes in influenza vaccination, particularly for older individuals at risk of influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Public Health, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Hee Cho
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongju Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Public Health and healthcare management, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hooyeon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Public Health, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Public Health and healthcare management, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Buonsenso D, Ferro V, Viozzi F, Morello R, Proli F, Bersani G, Lazzareschi I, Santangelo R, Sanguinetti M, Fiori B, Zampino G, Valentini P. Changes in clinical, demographic, and outcome patterns of children hospitalized with non-SARS-CoV-2 viral low respiratory tract infections before and during the COVID pandemic in Rome, Italy. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024; 59:362-370. [PMID: 37937896 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We performed this study aiming to evaluate changes in epidemiology, clinical presentation and outcomes of children hospitalized for viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). METHODS We performed a retrospective study of children younger than 18 years of age hospitalized for LRTIs with a positive respiratory viral testing from 2018 to 2022. We compared need of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), invasive ventilation, and other respiratory support, viral etiologies, clinical presentations, imaging, and laboratory results in the precovid (2018-2019) and covid (2020-2022) period. RESULTS A total of 523 were included in the analysis. In the pandemic period, the detection of influenza was 95% less likely to occur (odds ratio [OR]: 0.05; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.02-0.12; p < .001), likewise the detection of adenovirus was 77% less likely to occur (OR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.10-0.51; p < .001). In the pandemic period, the number of codetections increased from 15.52% in 2018 to 57.25% in 2022, resulting in a significantly increasing trend (p < .001). The odds of transfer to PICU was more than five times greater during the pandemic period (OR: 5.31; 95% CI: 1.78-15.86; p = .003). CONCLUSIONS We found that the pattern of LRTI in children during COVID-19 pandemic significantly changed in terms of etiologies and increased severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Buonsenso
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Centro di Salute Globale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - Valentina Ferro
- Department of Emergency, Acceptance and General Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Viozzi
- Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - Rosa Morello
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Proli
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Bersani
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lazzareschi
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie-Sezione di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Fiori
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Valentini
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gharpure R, Olsen SJ, Davis WW. Quantified impacts of non-pharmaceutical interventions on influenza circulation during the COVID-19 pandemic in 13 African countries, 2020-2022. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e13241. [PMID: 38249442 PMCID: PMC10796249 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for SARS-CoV-2 disrupted circulation of influenza. We used data from 13 African countries and generalized linear models to identify associations between levels of NPIs, using the Oxford Stringency Index, and seasonal influenza activity, using parameters derived from 2020-2022 seasonal influenza surveillance. We found that for each step increase in school closings, the average percentage of respiratory specimens testing positive for influenza across the influenza season dropped by 20% (95% CI: 1-38%); no other NPI was significant. These findings may inform interventions to slow influenza circulation in pandemics and possibly during seasonal epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Gharpure
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Sonja J. Olsen
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - William W. Davis
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Thailand MOPH‐U.S. CDC CollaborationNonthaburiThailand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nieto-Rivera B, Saldaña-Ahuactzi Z, Parra-Ortega I, Flores-Alanis A, Carbajal-Franco E, Cruz-Rangel A, Galaviz-Hernández S, Romero-Navarro B, de la Rosa-Zamboni D, Salazar-García M, Contreras CA, Ortega-Riosvelasco F, López-Martínez I, Barrera-Badillo G, Diaz-Garcia H, Romo-Castillo M, Moreno-Espinosa S, Luna-Pineda VM. Frequency of respiratory virus-associated infection among children and adolescents from a tertiary-care hospital in Mexico City. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19763. [PMID: 37957308 PMCID: PMC10643542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children. The causative pathogens show geographic and seasonal variations. We retrospectively evaluated the frequency and seasonality of respiratory pathogens in children and adolescents (age: 0-19 years) with ARIs treated between January 1, 2021, and March 31, 2022, at a single center in Mexico. Out of 2400 patients, 1,603 were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection and 797 were diagnosed with other common respiratory pathogens (CRPs). Of the 797 patients, 632 were infected with one CRP and 165 with > 2 CRPs. Deaths occurred only in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Rhinovirus/Enterovirus, respiratory syncytial virus B, and parainfluenza virus 3 were the most prevalent in cases with single and multiple infections. CRP showed a high frequency between autumn and winter of 2021, with higher incidence of hospitalization compared to COVID-19. The main comorbidities were immunosuppression, cardiovascular disease (CD), and asthma. The frequency of CRPs showed a downward trend throughout the first half of 2021. CRPs increased in single- and co-infection cases between the fourth and fifth waves of COVID-19, probably due to decreased nonpharmaceutical interventions and changes in diagnostic tests. Age, cyanosis (symptom), and immunosuppression (comorbidity) were found to differentiate between SARS-CoV-2 infection and CRP infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Nieto-Rivera
- Departamento de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Zeus Saldaña-Ahuactzi
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Santa Inés Tecuexcomac, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Israel Parra-Ortega
- Departamento de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alejandro Flores-Alanis
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ebzadrel Carbajal-Franco
- Departamento de Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Armando Cruz-Rangel
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Benjamín Romero-Navarro
- Subdirección de Servicios Auxiliares de Diagnóstico, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Daniela de la Rosa-Zamboni
- Subdirección de Atención Integral al Paciente, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marcela Salazar-García
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo y Teratogénesis Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carmen A Contreras
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, Peru
| | | | - Irma López-Martínez
- Dirección de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gisela Barrera-Badillo
- Laboratorio de Virus Respiratorios, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Hector Diaz-Garcia
- Centro de Investigación en Malformaciones Congénitas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
- Escuela Superior de Enfermería y Obstetricia, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mariana Romo-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en COVID-19, Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteomica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Victor M Luna-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en COVID-19, Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteomica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México.
| |
Collapse
|