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Barnay T, Baudot FO. Work accident effect on the use of psychotropic drugs: the case of benzodiazepines. HEALTH ECONOMICS REVIEW 2023; 13:48. [PMID: 37872453 PMCID: PMC10594863 DOI: 10.1186/s13561-023-00464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A work accident constitutes a shock to health, likely to alter mental states and affect the use of psychotropic drugs. We focus on the use of benzodiazepines, which are a class of drugs commonly used to treat anxiety and insomnia. Prolonged use can lead to dependence. Our objective is to determine the extent to which work accidents lead to benzodiazepine use and overuse (i.e. exceedance of medical guidelines). METHOD We use a two-step selection model (the Heckman method) based on data from the French National Health Data System (Système National des Données de Santé, SNDS). Our study sample includes all general plan members who experienced a single work accident in 2016 (and not since 2007). This sample includes 350,000 individuals in the work accident group and more than 1.1 million people randomly drawn from the population without work accidents from 2007 to 2017 (the non-work accident group). RESULTS The occurrence of a work accident leads to an increase in benzodiazepine use and overuse the following year. The selection model shows a clear influence of the accident on the use probability (+ 39%), but a very slight impact on the risk of overuse among users (+ 1.7%), once considered the selection effect. The effect on overuse risk is higher for more severe accidents and among women. CONCLUSION The increase in the risk of benzodiazepine overuse is due to an increase in the likelihood of using benzodiazepines after a work accident that leads to overuse, rather than an increase in likelihood of overuse among people who use benzodiazepines. Results call for targeting the first-time prescription to limit the risk of overuse after a work accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Barnay
- ERUDITE, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, Créteil, 94010, France
| | - François-Olivier Baudot
- ERUDITE, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, Créteil, 94010, France.
- Direction de la Stratégie, des Études et des Statistiques, Caisse Nationale de l'Assurance Maladie, 50 Avenue du Professeur André Lemierre, Paris, 75986, France.
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Edgelow M, Fecica A, Kohlen C, Tandal K. Mental health of public safety personnel: Developing a model of operational, organizational, and personal factors in public safety organizations. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1140983. [PMID: 36935659 PMCID: PMC10017732 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1140983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The work of public safety personnel (PSP) such as police officers, firefighters, correctional officers, and paramedics, as well as other PSP, makes them vulnerable to psychological injuries, which can have profound impacts on their families and the communities they serve. A multitude of complex operational, organizational, and personal factors contribute to the mental health of PSP; however, to date the approach of the research community has been largely to explore the impacts of these factors separately or within single PSP professions. To date, PSP employers have predominantly focused on addressing the personal aspects of PSP mental health through resiliency and stress management interventions. However, the increasing number of psychological injuries among PSPs and the compounding stressors of the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrate a need for a new approach to the study of PSP mental health. The following paper discusses the importance of adopting a broader conceptual approach to the study of PSP mental health and proposes a novel model that highlights the need to consider the combined impacts of operational, organizational, and personal factors on PSP mental health. The TRi-Operational-Organizational-Personal Factor Model (TROOP) depicts these key factors as three large pieces of a larger puzzle that is PSP mental health. The TROOP gives working language for public safety organizations, leaders, and researchers to broadly consider the mental health impacts of public safety work.
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Lvovschi VE, Carrouel F, du Sartz de Vigneulles B, Lamure M, Motyka G, Fraticelli L, Dussart C. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Related to Medication, Antibiotics, and Vaccination among Public Service Population: National Survey Conducted in France. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14044. [PMID: 36360926 PMCID: PMC9654407 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Medication, antibiotics, and immunization are three major and cost-effective medical interventions but their use is balanced. Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) are a cornerstone. This retrospective study aims at analyzing KAP related to these concerns among the public service population in order to establish the basis for the implementation of selective preventive actions. From a cross-sectional anonymous online questionnaire-based survey among the insurees of a French mutual organization (Union Prévention Santé pour la Fonction publique, UROPS), 33 questions related to medication, antibiotics and vaccination were extracted to evaluate KAP. New variables were constituted: levels of knowledge, antibiotic misuse, proactive behavior and vaccinophobia. Multiple correspondence analysis was performed to identify respondents' homogenous groups. In addition, bivariate statistical comparisons were provided and logistic regressions were carried out to identify determinants of these new variables. Public service population (workers and retired) were highly exposed to polymedication (8.7% vs. 24.4%, p < 0.0001), hypnotics overtake (24.3% vs. 18.4%, p < 0.0001), and misuse antibiotics (33.2% vs. 22.6%, p < 0.0001) despite good levels of knowledge. Proportions of vaccinophobia was low (0.8% vs. 1.7%, p < 0.0001). However, workers have different KAP than retired, without shared determinants in the 3 health domains studied. Respondents were proactive (85.8% vs. 81.6%, p < 0.0001), used multiple sources of trustworthy information and seems to be ready for the delegation of health tasks. Thus, preventive actions related to antibiotics and polymedication should be a priority in vaccination education for mutual organizations such as UROPS. Studying their insurees longitudinally could be interesting to highlight the impact of selective prevention on behaviors, through trusted health professionals (general practitioners, pharmacists…).
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie-Eve Lvovschi
- Emergency Department, Rouen University Hospital, 76031 Rouen, France
- Laboratory “Research on Healthcare Performance” (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils of Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Florence Carrouel
- Laboratory “Health, Systemic, Process” (P2S), UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin du Sartz de Vigneulles
- Laboratory “Health, Systemic, Process” (P2S), UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Michel Lamure
- Laboratory “Health, Systemic, Process” (P2S), UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | | | - Laurie Fraticelli
- Laboratory “Health, Systemic, Process” (P2S), UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Claude Dussart
- Hospices Civils of Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France
- Laboratory “Health, Systemic, Process” (P2S), UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
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Edgelow M, Scholefield E, McPherson M, Legassick K, Novecosky J. Organizational Factors and Their Impact on Mental Health in Public Safety Organizations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13993. [PMID: 36360872 PMCID: PMC9658143 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Public safety personnel (PSP), including correctional officers, firefighters, paramedics, and police officers, have higher rates of mental health conditions than other types of workers. This scoping review maps the impact of organizational factors on PSP mental health, reviewing applicable English language primary studies from 2000-2021. JBI methodology for scoping reviews was followed. After screening, 97 primary studies remained for analysis. Police officers (n = 48) were the most frequent population studied. Correctional officers (n = 27) and paramedics (n = 27) were the second most frequently identified population, followed by career firefighters (n = 20). Lack of supervisor support was the most frequently cited negative organizational factor (n = 23), followed by negative workplace culture (n = 21), and lack of co-worker support (n = 14). Co-worker support (n = 10) was the most frequently identified positive organizational factor, followed by supervisor support (n = 8) and positive workplace culture (n = 5). This scoping review is the first to map organizational factors and their impact on PSP mental health across public safety organizations. The results of this review can inform discussions related to organizational factors, and their relationship to operational and personal factors, to assist in considering which factors are the most impactful on mental health, and which are most amenable to change.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Low job control may predict shorter breastfeeding (BF) among working mothers and may contribute to racial disparities in BF. METHODS We used demographic, employment, and health data for n = 631 observations from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Job control scores came from a job-exposure matrix.Using path analysis, we assessed whether job control predicted BF and mediated Black-White BF differences. We controlled for education, working hours, marital status, and low birthweight. RESULTS Lower job control predicted decreased odds of BF for at least 6 months (odds ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.90; reference, no BF). Low job control explained 31% of the Black-White difference for both shorter-term and longer-term BF. CONCLUSIONS Low job contributes to shorter BF and to BF disparities by race. Intervening to enhance job control could improve BF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret D Whitley
- From the Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dr Whitley); Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California (Dr Ro); and Center for Work and Health Research, Irvine, California (Mr Choi)
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Effort-Reward Imbalance at Work and Drug Misuse: Evidence from a National Survey in the U.S. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413334. [PMID: 34948938 PMCID: PMC8702104 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With the rise of drug misuse among workers in recent years, preliminary research on potential risk factors in the workplace of single-type of drug misuse has been reported. This is the first study to examine cross-sectional associations of work stress, in terms of effort-reward imbalance, with multiple drug misuse (including any drug misuse, opioid misuse, sedatives misuse, cannabis misuse, and other drug misuse) during the past 12 months in a national sample of U.S. workers. Data of 2211 workers were derived from the nationally representative and population-based Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Internal consistency reliability and factorial validity of a 17-item effort-reward imbalance measure were robust and satisfactory. After adjustment for relevant covariates, logistic regression analyses showed that workers experiencing effort-reward imbalance at work had significantly higher odds of any drug misuse (OR and 95% CI = 1.18 (1.03, 1.37)), especially opioid misuse (OR and 95% CI = 1.35 (1.07, 1.69)) and other drug misuse (OR and 95% CI = 1.36 (1.01, 1.83)). The findings suggest that a stressful work environment may act as a determinant of drug misuse, and further prospective evidence is needed.
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Dugan AG, Namazi S, Cavallari JM, Rinker RD, Preston JC, Steele VL, Cherniack MG. Participatory survey design of a workforce health needs assessment for correctional supervisors. Am J Ind Med 2021; 64:414-430. [PMID: 33503677 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The correctional workforce experiences persistent health problems, and interventions designed with worker participation show favorable outcomes. However, participatory intervention research often leaves workers out of the health needs assessment, the basis of interventions subsequently developed. This omission risks failure to detect factors contributing to the health and is less likely to result in primary prevention interventions. METHODS Partnering with a correctional supervisors' union, we followed Schulz and colleagues' community-based participatory research (CBPR) methods for participatory survey design and used Healthy Workplace Participatory Program (HWPP) tools to develop a tailored survey to assess workforce health and contributing factors. Utilizing the HWPP Focus Group Guide, we generated key themes to adapt the HWPP All Employee Survey, a generic workforce health assessment, to become thorough and contextually-relevant for correctional supervisors. RESULTS Content analysis of focus group data revealed 12 priority health concerns and contributors, including organizational culture, masculinity, work-family conflict, family support, trauma, positive job aspects, health literacy and efficacy, health/risk behaviors, sleep, obesity, and prioritizing work and income over health. Twenty-six measures were added to the generic survey, mainly health-related antecedents including knowledge, attitudes, norms, and motivation. CONCLUSION Findings yielded new insights about supervisors' lived experiences of work and health, and resulted in a customized workforce survey. CBPR methods and HWPP tools allowed us to identify health issues that we would not have detected with conventional methods, and provide opportunities for interventions that address root causes of poor health. We share challenges faced and lessons learned using CBPR with the correctional workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia G. Dugan
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington Connecticut USA
| | - Sara Namazi
- Department of Health Sciences Springfield College Springfield Massachusetts USA
| | - Jennifer M. Cavallari
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington Connecticut USA
| | | | | | | | - Martin G. Cherniack
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington Connecticut USA
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Sygit-Kowalkowska E, Piotrowski A, Hamzah I. Insomnia among Prison Officers and Its Relationship with Occupational Burnout: The Role of Coping with Stress in Polish and Indonesian Samples. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4282. [PMID: 33920740 PMCID: PMC8072557 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thus far, data on sleep disorders among prison officers (POs) have been scarce. Research allows us to relate this problem to occupational stress, which POs experience every day. The aim of the current study was to analyze the scale, predictors, and impact of select factors on the relationship between insomnia and occupational burnout. This study was carried out on a sample of 376 Indonesian and 288 Polish POs using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) inventory, and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI). Results showed that 43.4% of the Polish sample exhibited early symptoms of insomnia, compared to 26.1% of the Indonesian sample. Sleep disorders had a significant role in developing occupational burnout. In both samples, coping strategies such as help-seeking and engagement were revealed to have a mediating role in the relationship between insomnia and occupational burnout dimensions. For the total sample and for the Polish sample, the coping strategy of help-seeking was the only predictor of insomnia. Discrepancies (concerning the role of age, gender, and multi-shift work) were observed between the current results and earlier studies. The current study's limitations were discussed and new solutions were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Imaduddin Hamzah
- Community Guidance, Politeknik Ilmu Pemasyarakatan, Depok 16514, Indonesia;
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Regehr C, Carey M, Wagner S, Alden LE, Buys N, Corneil W, Fyfe T, Fraess-Phillips A, Krutop E, Matthews L, Randall C, White M, White N. Prevalence of PTSD, Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Correctional Officers: A Systematic Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23774657.2019.1641765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Regehr
- Provost & Professor of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Carey
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Shannon Wagner
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lynn E. Alden
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicholas Buys
- Health Department, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wayne Corneil
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences & Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trina Fyfe
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alex Fraess-Phillips
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elyssa Krutop
- The Centre for Response Based Practice, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lynda Matthews
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christine Randall
- Rehabilitation Counselling, School of Allied Health Sciences, Health Group, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marc White
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicole White
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
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Useche SA, Montoro LV, Ruiz JI, Vanegas C, Sanmartin J, Alfaro E. Workplace burnout and health issues among Colombian correctional officers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211447. [PMID: 30753198 PMCID: PMC6372146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Correctional employees typically work under adverse conditions that may enhance the occurrence of different negative psychological states. Burnout constitutes a high-risk phenomenon that may affect people’s physical/mental health and welfare, especially in vulnerable occupational groups. Objectives The aim of this study was to characterize the burnout profile of correctional officers, and to associate their burnout profile with health issues and lifestyle factors. Methods The full sample was composed of 219 Colombian correctional officers with a mean age of 30.18 years. A questionnaire composed of three sections was employed: demographic data, burnout, and health information. Results A high proportion of participants reported burnout indicators, also significantly correlated to their health indicators and lifestyle factors. Cluster analyses were used in order to characterize the burnout/age (model A) and burnout/age/psychological disturbance (model B) profiles of correctional officers. Furthermore, significant differences were found when comparing frequencies of alcohol consumption and physical exercise (lifestyle indicators) and perceived social support of officers depending on their profile. Conclusions the discussion focused on the negative impact of burnout on health, and on the importance of strengthening occupational programs aimed at reducing the impact of hazardous working conditions that contribute to the development of burnout, and to the arise different mid and long-term health complains among correctional workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A. Useche
- INTRAS—Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Luis V. Montoro
- INTRAS—Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José I. Ruiz
- Laboratory of Psychology and Law, National University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - César Vanegas
- National Penitentiary School, National Penitentiary and Prison Institute, Funza, Colombia
| | - Jaime Sanmartin
- INTRAS—Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elisa Alfaro
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Ferreira MJM, Macena RHM, Mota RMS, Pires RDJ, Silva AMCD, Vieira LJES, Kendall BC, Kerr LRFS. [Prevalence and violence-associated factors in the work environment of female prison guards in Brazil]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2017; 22:2989-3002. [PMID: 28954150 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232017229.11092017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aims to estimate the prevalence and violence-associated factors in the work environment of female correctional officers in Brazil. A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted in 15 female correctional facilities in Brazil's five regions. Pearson's chi-square test was performed. The Odds Ratio and Confidence Intervals were estimated for factors that showed a significant association or were confounding factors. The prevalence of having experienced at least one violent occurrence during professional duty as an officer was 28.4%. An interesting factor is fact that agents themselves are identified as the main suspects of robbery (74.6%), moral violence (68.1%) and sexual harassment (66.8%) against their co-workers. Working in more than one correctional facility increased the chance of suffering from violence (OR = 3.23; CI = 1.51 - 6.9). The main associated factors are: working in temporary detention centers, age of admission to the prison system and low social support among co-workers. Violence in the Brazilian prison environment is of great magnitude and considered a complex phenomenon with multiple causes. To combat this, it is necessary to adopt intersectoral actions, capable of intervening both in the prison environment and in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo José Monteiro Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFCE). R. Professor Costa Mendes 1608, Rodolfo Teófilo. 60430-140 Fortaleza CE Brasil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bernard Carl Kendall
- Tulane of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences. Nova Orleans Luisiana EUA
| | - Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo Kerr
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFCE). R. Professor Costa Mendes 1608, Rodolfo Teófilo. 60430-140 Fortaleza CE Brasil.
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Kouvonen A, Mänty M, Lallukka T, Pietiläinen O, Lahelma E, Rahkonen O. Changes in psychosocial and physical working conditions and psychotropic medication in ageing public sector employees: a record-linkage follow-up study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e015573. [PMID: 28706097 PMCID: PMC5734573 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether changes in psychosocial and physical working conditions are associated with subsequent psychotropic medication in ageing employees. METHODS Data were from the Helsinki Health Study, a cohort study of Finnish municipal employees, aged 40-60 years at phase 1 (2000-2002). Changes in psychosocial and physical working conditions were measured between phase 1 and phase 2 (2007). Survey data were longitudinally linked to data on prescribed, reimbursed psychotropic medication purchases (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) obtained from the registers of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland between the phase 2 survey and December 2013 (N=3587; 80% women). Outcomes were any psychotropic medication; antidepressants (N06A); anxiolytics (N05B); and sedatives and hypnotics (N05C). Cox regression analyses were performed. RESULTS During the follow-up, 28% of the participants were prescribed psychotropic medication. Repeated exposures to low job control, high job demands and high physical work load were associated with an increased risk of subsequent antidepressant and anxiolytic medication. Increased and repeated exposure to high physical work load, increased job control and repeated high job demands were associated with subsequent sedative and hypnotic medication. Age and sex-adjusted HR varied from 1.18 to 1.66. Improvement in job control was associated with a lower risk of anxiolytic, but with a higher risk of sedatives and hypnotic medication. Decreased physical work load was associated with a lower risk of antidepressant and anxiolytic medications. CONCLUSION Improvement in working conditions could lower the risk of mental ill-health indicated by psychotropic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kouvonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
- Administrative Data Research Centre (Northern Ireland), Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Minna Mänty
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Lahelma
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Dansereau V, Beauregard N, Marchand A, Durand P. Une typologie de la comorbidité en santé mentale au travail : résultats de l’étude SALVEO. SANTE MENTALE AU QUEBEC 2017. [DOI: 10.7202/1040244ar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
But Cette étude s’intéresse à la comorbidité en santé mentale au travail. Précisément, des liens concomitants entre l’épuisement professionnel (cynisme, épuisement émotionnel, inefficacité professionnelle) et la consommation de substances psychoactives (consommation d’alcool épisodique excessive, consommation hebdomadaire à risque d’alcool, consommation de médicaments psychotropes) sont examinés.
Méthodes L’étude s’appuie sur des données transversales provenant de l’enquête SALVEO composée de 1966 travailleurs de la province du Québec, Canada. Des analyses en classes latentes ont été utilisées afin de dégager des profils types correspondant à des formes distinctes de comorbidité de santé mentale au travail. Des régressions multinomiales logistiques ont été effectuées sur les profils types en considérant des covariables issues de l’environnement de travail et hors travail, ainsi que des caractéristiques individuelles des travailleurs.
Résultats Quatre profils types ont été identifiés : 1– « Épuisement professionnel sévère et consommation de médicaments psychotropes » ; 2– « Consommation d’alcool à risque et cynisme » ; 3– « Épuisement émotionnel et inefficacité professionnelle » ; et 4– « État relativement sain ». Comparativement à tous les profils types observés, celui associé au profil type « Épuisement professionnel sévère et consommation de médicaments psychotropes » présente le plus grand nombre de facteurs de risque cumulés (environnementaux, individuels).
Conclusion La comorbidité en santé mentale au travail existe dans les milieux de travail québécois. La sévérité des différentes formes de comorbidité identifiées tend à refléter un effet cumulé de caractéristiques néfastes de l’environnement de travail et hors travail ainsi que des caractéristiques individuelles des travailleurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Dansereau
- M. Sc., étudiante graduée, École de relations industrielles, Université de Montréal
| | - Nancy Beauregard
- Ph. D., professeure agrégée, École de relations industrielles, Université de Montréal
| | - Alain Marchand
- Ph. D., professeur titulaire, École de relations industrielles, Université de Montréal
| | - Pierre Durand
- Ph. D., professeur titulaire, École de relations industrielles, Université de Montréal
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Genin E, Haines VY, Pelletier D, Rousseau V, Marchand A. Why the long hours? Job demands and social exchange dynamics. Work 2016; 55:539-548. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-162430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Genin
- School of Industrial Relations, University of Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Victor Y. Haines
- School of Industrial Relations, University of Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Pelletier
- Department of Demography, University of Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Rousseau
- School of Industrial Relations, University of Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Marchand
- School of Industrial Relations, University of Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Stoyanova RG, Harizanova SN. Assessment of the Personal Losses Suffered by Correctional Officers due to Burnout Syndrome. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE 2016; 7:33-41. [PMID: 26772596 PMCID: PMC6816518 DOI: 10.15171/ijoem.2016.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background: Professional burnout is defined as a state of depletion and loss of motivation accompanied by different mental and physical symptoms. Objective: To assess personal losses suffered by correctional officers due to burnout. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted between June and December 2012 included 201 correctional officers in two Bulgarian prisons. The mean age of the whole group was 41.2 (SD 8.0) years. The respondents was mostly male (56.7%), married (72.6%), had a secondary educational level (61.7%), and 76.1% of them had been in current prison work over 5 years. Results: The demographic characteristics had no influence on the occurrence of burnout but there was a correlation between level of burnout and the number of sick-leaves, the need for medical help, and the expenses spent on medications. Officers affected by burnout took more sick-leaves and this affected adversely their remuneration as they lost 3.1% of their annual wages. Their expenses spent on user fees for medical services were 3 times higher. Their monthly expenses spent on medications were 3.14 times higher than those of people without the burnout syndrome. Conclusion: The high level of burnout has a negative personal economic effect on the prison employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Stoyanova
- Department of Health Management, Health Economics and General Practice, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University-Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 15 A "Vasil Aprilov" Blvd, 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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16
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Hu S, Wang JN, Liu L, Wu H, Yang X, Wang Y, Wang L. The association between work-related characteristic and job burnout among Chinese correctional officers: a cross-sectional survey. Public Health 2015; 129:1172-8. [PMID: 26084818 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is well known that job burnout is a major problem for many professions. Correctional officers, the most important driving force in correctional facilities, deal with unwilling and potentially violent populations, and this may lead to burnout. However, in China, few studies are available regarding burnout among correctional officers and associations with work-related factors. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of work characteristics on job burnout among Chinese correctional officers in public prisons. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed in March/April 2011. The study population comprised 2185 correctional officers working in four prisons in a province in north-east China. A questionnaire that examined job burnout [three subscales: emotional exhaustion (EE), cynicism (CY) and professional efficacy (PE)], work conditions, occupational stress and demographic factors was distributed to these correctional officers. In total, 1769 responses were received (response rate 81%). Multiple logistic regression was used to explore the factors related to burnout. RESULTS Mean (±standard deviation) scores were 10.59 ± 7.51 for EE, 9.65 ± 6.56 for CY and 23.90 ± 9.39 for PE. Strong extrinsic effort and reward were the most powerful predictors of job burnout; an imbalance between effort and reward at work and perceived threat was mainly associated with EE and CY, and strong overcommitment was mainly associated with EE and PE. CONCLUSIONS Chinese correctional officers experience a slightly higher level of job burnout, and this is affected by work-related stress. It is important to reduce occupational stress in correctional officers and improve disadvantageous work conditions in order to reduce burnout in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - J-N Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - L Liu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - H Wu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - X Yang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - L Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Lassalle M, Chastang JF, Niedhammer I. Working conditions and psychotropic drug use: cross-sectional and prospective results from the French national SIP study. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 63:50-7. [PMID: 25777473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prospective studies exploring the associations between a large range of occupational factors and psychotropic drug use among national samples of workers are seldom. This study investigates the cross-sectional and prospective associations between occupational factors, including a large set of psychosocial work factors, and psychotropic drug use in the national French working population. The study sample comprised 7542 workers for the cross-sectional analysis and 4213 workers followed up for a 4-year period for the prospective analysis. Psychotropic drug use was measured within the last 12 months and defined by the use of antidepressants, anxiolytics or hypnotics. Three groups of occupational factors were explored: classical and emergent psychosocial work factors, working time/hours and physical work exposures. Weighted Poisson regression analyses were performed to adjust for covariates. In the cross-sectional analysis, psychological demands, low social support and hiding emotions were associated with psychotropic drug use. Job insecurity for men and night work for women were associated with psychotropic drug use. In the prospective analysis, hiding emotions and physical exposure were predictive of psychotropic drug use. Dose-response associations were observed for the frequency/intensity of exposure and repeated exposure to occupational factors. This study underlines the role of psychosocial work factors, including emergent factors, in psychotropic drug use. Prevention policies oriented toward psychosocial work factors comprehensively may be useful to reduce this use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Lassalle
- INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Social Epidemiology, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Social Epidemiology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Chastang
- INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Social Epidemiology, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Social Epidemiology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Niedhammer
- INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Social Epidemiology, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Social Epidemiology, F-75013 Paris, France.
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18
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Carrieri ADP, Souza EMD, Aguiar ARC. Trabalho, violência e sexualidade: estudo de lésbicas, travestis e transexuais. RAC: REVISTA DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO CONTEMPORÂNEA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-65552014000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Este artigo estuda as violências simbólicas e interpessoais, vivenciadas na sociedade e no trabalho, dirigidas a lésbicas, travestis e transexuais. Contudo, para cumprir seu intento, foi preciso analisar as violências vivenciadas pelos sujeitos da pesquisa em seu contexto social mais amplo, envolvendo aspectos familiares, dentre outros, ampliando-se também a análise para além do trabalho formal. Foram entrevistados sessenta e cinco sujeitos, utilizando-se também a técnica de diário de campo para produção de dados. A análise foi realizada por meio da técnica de Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD), utilizando-se Fairclough (1992, 1995) como principal referência para análise. Conclui-se que os entrevistados sofrem diversas formas de violência simbólica, fruto das dominações simbólicas que se instauram de forma particular em cada um dos grupos estudados. As violências interpessoais vivenciadas no trabalho têm relações estreitas com as formas de violências simbólicas relacionadas a cada grupo, e ocorrem com maior intensidade contra os travestis, pois estão mais propensos e sujeitos a sofrerem violência interpessoal por meio de agressões físicas, fato que coloca em risco a integridade física e a vida dos travestis.
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Finney C, Stergiopoulos E, Hensel J, Bonato S, Dewa CS. Organizational stressors associated with job stress and burnout in correctional officers: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:82. [PMID: 23356379 PMCID: PMC3564928 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In adult correctional facilities, correctional officers (COs) are responsible for the safety and security of the facility in addition to aiding in offender rehabilitation and preventing recidivism. COs experience higher rates of job stress and burnout that stem from organizational stressors, leading to negative outcomes for not only the CO but the organization as well. Effective interventions could aim at targeting organizational stressors in order to reduce these negative outcomes as well as COs’ job stress and burnout. This paper fills a gap in the organizational stress literature among COs by systematically reviewing the relationship between organizational stressors and CO stress and burnout in adult correctional facilities. In doing so, the present review identifies areas that organizational interventions can target in order to reduce CO job stress and burnout. Methods A systematic search of the literature was conducted using Medline, PsycINFO, Criminal Justice Abstracts, and Sociological Abstracts. All retrieved articles were independently screened based on criteria developed a priori. All included articles underwent quality assessment. Organizational stressors were categorized according to Cooper and Marshall’s (1976) model of job stress. Results The systematic review yielded 8 studies that met all inclusion and quality assessment criteria. The five categories of organizational stressors among correctional officers are: stressors intrinsic to the job, role in the organization, rewards at work, supervisory relationships at work and the organizational structure and climate. The organizational structure and climate was demonstrated to have the most consistent relationship with CO job stress and burnout. Conclusions The results of this review indicate that the organizational structure and climate of correctional institutions has the most consistent relationship with COs’ job stress and burnout. Limitations of the studies reviewed include the cross-sectional design and the use of varying measures for organizational stressors. The results of this review indicate that interventions should aim to improve the organizational structure and climate of the correctional facility by improving communication between management and COs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Finney
- Centre for Research on Employment and Workplace Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
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20
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Saade S, Marchand A. Work Organization Conditions and Prescribed Psychotropic Drug Use in Canada: The Moderating Role of Personality Traits. JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2013.755449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Lallukka T, Haukka J, Partonen T, Rahkonen O, Lahelma E. Workplace bullying and subsequent psychotropic medication: a cohort study with register linkages. BMJ Open 2012; 2:e001660. [PMID: 23242240 PMCID: PMC3533012 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine longitudinally whether workplace bullying was associated with subsequent psychotropic medication among women and men. DESIGN A cohort study. SETTING Helsinki, Finland. PARTICIPANTS Employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland (n=6606, 80% women), 40-60 years at baseline in 2000-2002, and a register-based follow-up on medication. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Workplace bullying comprised questions about current and earlier bullying as well as observing bullying. The Finnish Social Insurance Institution's register data on purchases of prescribed reimbursed psychotropic medication were linked with the survey data. All psychotropic medication 3 years prior to and 5 years after the baseline survey was included. Covariates included age, prior psychotropic medication, childhood bullying, occupational class, and body mass index. Cox proportional hazard models (HR, 95% CI) were fitted and days until the first purchase of prescribed psychotropic medication after baseline were used as the time axis. RESULTS Workplace bullying was associated with subsequent psychotropic medication after adjusting for age and prior medication among both women (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.93) and men (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.36 to 3.41). Also observing bullying was associated with subsequent psychotropic medication among women (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.88) and men (HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.99). The associations only modestly attenuated after full adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the significance of workplace bullying to subsequent psychotropic medication reflecting medically confirmed mental problems. Tackling workplace bullying likely helps prevent mental problems among employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Lallukka
- Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Haukka
- Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Lahelma
- Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Ha-Vinh P, Régnard P, Sauze L. [Psychotropic medication use by French active self-employed workers]. Presse Med 2011; 40:e173-80. [PMID: 21227628 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2010.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED INTERESTS OF THE STUDY: In the self-employed workers population (shop keepers, craft men, industrialists and liberal professions), psychotropic medications use and discrepancies between occupational situations have never been evaluated before. It is nevertheless a prerequisite in preventive actions against addictions, stress and injuries caused by disorders of attentiveness at work. METHOD The French Self Employed Workers Health Care Insurance Fund affiliate members data base was analysed for active workers from 18 to 60 years of age living in the Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur Region. From this population the cases were defined as having refunded ambulatory prescription of behind the counter psychotropic treatment during the year 2009 (anxiolytic, antidepressant, hypnotic, neuroleptic, lithium, alcoholic or opioid dependance therapy) and the randomised control sample was constituted by drawing the key of the social security number. A case-control multivariate logistic regression adjusted for gender, age and place of abode was used for searching discrepancy between occupational situations. RESULTS Anxiolytic, antidepressant or hypnotic consumers are the most numerous (906; 557 and 446 consumers per 10 000 persons-year respectively). Antidepressant, neuroleptic and opioid dependance therapy are the three main posts of expense for the health insurance (584 505; 169 947 and 151 201 € per year respectively). When compared to workers of the construction sector, workers of retail trade of clothes had an Odd Ratio of 2,04 [95%CI 1,46-2,85] for anxiolytics consumption and 2,29 [95%CI 1,67-3,14] for antidepressants consumption, workers in the sector of the hotel and catering had an Odd Ratio of 1,62 [95%CI 1,19-2,22] for alcoholic dependance therapy medicines consumption, workers in the accountant, legal and financial sector had an Odd Ratio of 0,05 [95%CI 0,01-0,32] for opioid dependence therapy medicines consumption. PERSPECTIVES Occupations associated with increased psychotropic medicines consumption are important to consider when assessing or fighting against psychotropic or addictive substance consumption, psychological stress and vigilance or attention perturbation at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Ha-Vinh
- Service médical de la Caisse régionale Provence-Alpes du Régime social des indépendants, 13002 Marseille, France.
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Niedhammer I, David S, Degioanni S, Drummond A, Philip P, Acquarone D, Aicardi F, André-Mazeaud P, Arsento M, Astier R, Baille H, Bajon-Thery F, Barre E, Basire C, Battu JL, Baudry S, Beatini C, Beaud'huin N, Becker C, Bellezza D, Beque C, Bernstein O, Beyssier C, Blanc-Cascio F, Blanchet N, Blondel C, Boisselot R, Bordes-Dupuy G, Borrelly N, Bouhnik D, Boulanger MF, Boulard J, Bourreau P, Bourret D, Boustière AM, Breton C, Bugeon G, Buono-Michel M, Canonne JF, Capella D, Cavin-Rey M, Cervoni C, Charreton D, Charrier D, Chauvin MA, Chazal B, Cougnot C, Cuvelier G, Dalivoust G, Daumas R, Debaille A, De Bretteville L, Delaforge G, Delchambre A, Domeny L, Donati Y, Ducord-Chapelet J, Duran C, Durand-Bruguerolle D, Fabre D, Faivre A, Falleri R, Ferrando G, Ferrari-Galano J, Flutet M, Fouché JP, Fournier F, Freyder E, Galy M, Garcia A, Gazazian G, Gérard C, Girard F, Giuge M, Goyer C, Gravier C, Guyomard A, Hacquin MC, Halimi E, Ibagnes T, Icart P, Jacquin MC, Jaubert B, Joret JP, Julien JP, Kacel M, Kesmedjian E, Lacroix P, Lafon-Borelli M, Lallai S, Laudicina J, Leclercq X, Ledieu S, Leroy J, Leroyer L, Loesche F, Londi D, Longueville JM, Lotte MC, Louvain S, Lozé M, Maculet-Simon M, Magallon G, Marcelot V, Mareel MC, Martin P, Masse AM, Méric M, Milliet C, Mokhtari R, Monville AM, Muller B, Obadia G, Pelser M, Peres L, Perez E, Peyron M, Peyronnin F, Postel S, Presseq P, Pyronnet E, Quinsat C, Raulot-Lapointe H, Rigaud P, Robert F, Robert O, Roger K, Roussel A, Roux JP, Rubini-Remigy D, Sabaté N, Saccomano-Pertus C, Salengro B, Salengro-Trouillez P, Samsom E, Sendra-Gille L, Seyrig C, Stoll G, Tarpinian N, Tavernier M, Tempesta S, Terracol H, Torresani F, Triglia MF, Vandomme V, Vieillard F, Vilmot K, Vital N. Workplace bullying and psychotropic drug use: the mediating role of physical and mental health status. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 55:152-63. [PMID: 21177264 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/meq086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between workplace bullying and psychotropic drug use is not well established. This study was aimed at exploring the association between workplace bullying, and its characteristics, and psychotropic drug use and studying the mediating role of physical and mental health. METHODS The study population consisted of a random sample of 3132 men and 4562 women of the working population in the south-east of France. Workplace bullying, evaluated using the validated instrument elaborated by Leymann, and psychotropic drug use, as well as covariates, were measured using a self-administered questionnaire. Covariates included age, marital status, presence of children, education, occupation, working hours, night work, physico-chemical exposures at work, self-reported health, and depressive symptoms. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis and was carried out separately for men and women. RESULTS Workplace bullying was strongly associated with psychotropic drug use. Past exposure to bullying increased the risk for this use. The more frequent and the longer the exposure to bullying, the stronger the association with psychotropic drug use. Observing bullying on someone else at the workplace was associated with psychotropic drug use. Adjustment for covariates did not modify the results. Additional adjustment for self-reported health and depressive symptoms reduced the magnitude of the associations, especially for men. CONCLUSIONS The association between bullying and psychotropic drug use was found to be significant and strong and was partially mediated by physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Niedhammer
- INSERM, U1018, CESP Centre for research in epidemiology and population health, Epidemiology of occupational and social determinants of health team, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif, France.
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