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Louail R, Florin F, Bernard S, Michaud JB, Breton J, Achamrah N, Tavolacci MP, Coëffier M, Ribet D. Invasion of intestinal cells by Staphylococcus warneri, a member of the human gut microbiota. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:4. [PMID: 36707889 PMCID: PMC9881306 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a heterogeneous group of bacteria that colonize different types of human epithelia. These bacteria have a highly variable pathogenic potential ranging from avirulent species to major nosocomial pathogens. Staphylococcus warneri is a CoNS species considered to be nonpathogenic. Here, we identify that S. warneri is a natural member of both human and mouse gut microbiota. In addition, we demonstrate that this bacterium is able to get internalized into human cells. We show that S. warneri efficiently invades several human cell types and, more specifically, intestinal epithelial cells, using actin-dependent mechanisms. In contrast to bona fide pathogens, S. warneri does not actively replicate within intestinal cells or resist killing by macrophages. Together, our results highlight that bacteria from the human gut microbiota that are not associated with a high pathogenic potential, can actively invade intestinal cells and may, in this way, impact intestinal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Louail
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, ADEN UMR1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Franklin Florin
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, ADEN UMR1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sophie Bernard
- grid.10400.350000 0001 2108 3034Univ Rouen Normandie, PRIMACEN, HeRacLeS INSERM US51 CNRS UAR2026, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Michaud
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, ADEN UMR1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jonathan Breton
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, ADEN UMR1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Najate Achamrah
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, ADEN UMR1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, 76000 Rouen, France ,grid.41724.340000 0001 2296 5231CHU Rouen, Department of Nutrition, 76000 Rouen, France ,grid.41724.340000 0001 2296 5231CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB 1404, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Tavolacci
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, ADEN UMR1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, 76000 Rouen, France ,grid.41724.340000 0001 2296 5231CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB 1404, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Moïse Coëffier
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, ADEN UMR1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, 76000 Rouen, France ,grid.41724.340000 0001 2296 5231CHU Rouen, Department of Nutrition, 76000 Rouen, France ,grid.41724.340000 0001 2296 5231CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB 1404, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - David Ribet
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, ADEN UMR1073, Nutrition, inflammation and microbiota-gut-brain axis, 76000 Rouen, France ,grid.10400.350000 0001 2108 3034INSERM UMR1073 – Université de Rouen, UFR Santé, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen Cedex, France
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Staphylococcus lugdunensis prosthetic joint infection: A multicentric cohort study. J Infect 2022; 85:652-659. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Staphylococcus lugdunensis Uses the Agr Regulatory System to Resist Killing by Host Innate Immune Effectors. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0009922. [PMID: 36069592 PMCID: PMC9584346 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00099-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are frequently commensal bacteria that rarely cause disease in mammals. Staphylococcus lugdunensis is an exceptional CoNS that causes disease in humans similar to virulent Staphylococcus aureus, but the factors that enhance the virulence of this bacterium remain ill defined. Here, we used random transposon insertion mutagenesis to identify the agr quorum sensing system as a regulator of hemolysins in S. lugdunensis. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we revealed that agr regulates dozens of genes, including hemolytic S. lugdunensis synergistic hemolysins (SLUSH) peptides and the protease lugdulysin. A murine bacteremia model was used to show that mice infected systemically with wild-type S. lugdunensis do not show overt signs of disease despite there being high numbers of bacteria in the livers and kidneys of mice. Moreover, proliferation of the agr mutant in these organs was no different from that of the wild-type strain, leaving the role of the SLUSH peptides and the metalloprotease lugdulysin in pathogenesis still unclear. Nonetheless, the tropism of S. lugdunensis for humans led us to investigate the role of virulence factors in other ways. We show that agr-regulated effectors, but not SLUSH or lugdulysin alone, are important for S. lugdunensis survival in whole human blood. Moreover, we demonstrate that Agr contributes to survival of S. lugdunensis during encounters with murine and primary human macrophages. These findings demonstrate that, in S. lugdunensis, Agr regulates expression of virulence factors and is required for resistance to host innate antimicrobial defenses. This study therefore provides insight into strategies that this Staphylococcus species uses to cause disease.
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Feng Y, Ming T, Zhou J, Lu C, Wang R, Su X. The Response and Survival Mechanisms of Staphylococcus aureus under High Salinity Stress in Salted Foods. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101503. [PMID: 35627073 PMCID: PMC9140498 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has a strong tolerance to high salt stress. It is a major reason as to why the contamination of S. aureus in salted food cannot be eradicated. To elucidate its response and survival mechanisms, changes in the morphology, biofilm formation, virulence, transcriptome, and metabolome of S. aureus were investigated. IsaA positively regulates and participates in the formation of biofilm. Virulence was downregulated to reduce the depletion of nonessential cellular functions. Inositol phosphate metabolism was downregulated to reduce the conversion of functional molecules. The MtsABC transport system was downregulated to reduce ion transport and signaling. Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis was upregulated to improve cellular homeostasis. The betaine biosynthesis pathway was upregulated to protect the active structure of proteins and nucleic acids. Within a 10% NaCl concentration, the L-proline content was upregulated to increase osmotic stability. In addition, 20 hub genes were identified through an interaction analysis. The findings provide theoretical support for the prevention and control of salt-tolerant bacteria in salted foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.F.); (T.M.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (X.S.)
- College of Life Sciences, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134000, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Tinghong Ming
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.F.); (T.M.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (X.S.)
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.F.); (T.M.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (X.S.)
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.F.); (T.M.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (X.S.)
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Rixin Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-574-8760-8368
| | - Xiurong Su
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.F.); (T.M.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (X.S.)
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Hussain M, Kohler C, Becker K. Enolase of Staphylococcus lugdunensis Is a Surface-Exposed Moonlighting Protein That Binds to Extracellular Matrix and the Plasminogen/Plasmin System. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:837297. [PMID: 35308335 PMCID: PMC8928124 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.837297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The coagulase-negative staphylococcal (CoNS) species Staphylococcus lugdunensis is unique in causing serious infections in humans that resemble those of Staphylococcus aureus rather than those of other CoNS species. The colonization and invasion of host tissue presupposes the presence of adherence factors, but only a few proteins mediating adhesion of S. lugdunensis to biotic surfaces are known yet. Here, we report on the functionality of the S. lugdunensis enolase (SlEno), which performs two distinct roles, first, as the metabolic enzyme of the glycolysis, and second, as an adherence factor to the extracellular matrix (ECM) of cells. Phylogenetic analyses of the SlEno confirmed their high conservation to enolases of other species and revealed a closer relationship to Staphylococcus epidermidis than to S. aureus. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and Western blot experiments, we identified SlEno to be located in the cytoplasm as well as on the cell surface of S. lugdunensis. Recombinantly generated and surface-associated SlEno showed the usual enolase activity by catalyzing the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate but, in addition, also displayed strong binding to immobilized laminin, fibronectin, fibrinogen, and collagen type IV in a dose-dependent manner. We also showed a strong binding of SlEno to plasminogen (Plg) and observed a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-dependent conversion of Plg to plasmin (Pln) whereby the Plg activation significantly increased in the presence of SlEno. This interaction might be dependent on lysines of the SlEno protein as binding to Plg was inhibited by ε-aminocaproic acid. Furthermore, the enhanced activation of the Plg/Pln system by SlEno enabled S. lugdunensis to migrate through a fibrin matrix. This migration was about 10-fold higher than without exogenously added SlEno. Finally, we observed a significantly higher clearance of S. lugdunensis by freshly prepared granulocytes and in the presence of anti-SlEno antibodies. In conclusion, these data demonstrate for the first time a moonlighting function of the S. lugdunensis enolase, which is an underrated virulence factor for colonization and invasion of tissues. Hence, SlEno might be a potential vaccine candidate to prevent severe infections caused by this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffar Hussain
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Kohler
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karsten Becker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF), University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- *Correspondence: Karsten Becker,
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6
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Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:1143-1145. [PMID: 34462188 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Qian WD, Huang J, Zhang JN, Li XC, Kong Y, Wang T, Li YD. Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities and Mechanism of Action of Chelerythrine Against Carbapenem-Resistant Serratia marcescens In Vitro. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 27:1105-1116. [PMID: 33439767 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of chelerythrine (CHE) against carbapenem-resistant Serratia marcescens (CRSM). Materials and Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CHE against CRSM was determined using the agar dilution method. Changes in intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration, intracellular pH, cell membrane potential, and cell membrane integrity were investigated to assess the influence of CHE on the cell membrane. The effects of CHE on cell morphology were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy. The antibiofilm formation of CHE was measured by crystal violet staining and visualized with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and FESEM. The influence of CHE on biofilm components was further investigated using CLSM specific combined with double-dyeing methods. Results: Our results showed that CHE had an MIC at 125 μg/mL against CRSM was capable of inhibiting the growth of CRSM and destroying its cell membrane integrity, as well as obviously changing the cell morphology. Sub-MIC CHE displayed robust inhibitory effects against CRSM biofilm formation by mediating the production of biofilm components. In addition, CLSM- and FESEM-mediated evaluation of the damage of biofilm cells and biofilm persistence revealed that at high concentrations, CHE could compromise the cells within biofilms and remove preformed biofilms. Conclusion: CHE shows promise as a natural antimicrobial substance against biofilm-positive CRSM, with the potential to serve as an alternative therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dong Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Ning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Cheng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yi Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jining First Peoples' Hospital, Jining, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Dong Li
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, P.R. China
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Role of SrtA in Pathogenicity of Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121975. [PMID: 33322541 PMCID: PMC7763024 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Among coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), Staphylococcus lugdunensis has a special position as causative agent of aggressive courses of infectious endocarditis (IE) more reminiscent of IEs caused by Staphylococcus aureus than those by CoNS. To initiate colonization and invasion, bacterial cell surface proteins are required; however, only little is known about adhesion of S. lugdunensis to biotic surfaces. Cell surface proteins containing the LPXTG anchor motif are covalently attached to the cell wall by sortases. Here, we report the functionality of Staphylococcus lugdunensis sortase A (SrtA) to link LPXTG substrates to the cell wall. To determine the role of SrtA dependent surface proteins in biofilm formation and binding eukaryotic cells, we generated SrtA-deficient mutants (ΔsrtA). These mutants formed a smaller amount of biofilm and bound less to immobilized fibronectin, fibrinogen, and vitronectin. Furthermore, SrtA absence affected the gene expression of two different adhesins on transcription level. Surprisingly, we found no decreased adherence and invasion in human cell lines, probably caused by the upregulation of further adhesins in ΔsrtA mutant strains. In conclusion, the functionality of S. lugdunensis SrtA in anchoring LPXTG substrates to the cell wall let us define it as the pathogen’s housekeeping sortase.
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Pietrocola G, Pellegrini A, Alfeo MJ, Marchese L, Foster TJ, Speziale P. The iron-regulated surface determinant B (IsdB) protein from Staphylococcus aureus acts as a receptor for the host protein vitronectin. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10008-10022. [PMID: 32499371 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important bacterial pathogen that can cause a wide spectrum of diseases in humans and other animals. S. aureus expresses a variety of virulence factors that promote infection with this pathogen. These include cell-surface proteins that mediate adherence of the bacterial cells to host extracellular matrix components, such as fibronectin and fibrinogen. Here, using immunoblotting, ELISA, and surface plasmon resonance analysis, we report that the iron-regulated surface determinant B (IsdB) protein, besides being involved in heme transport, plays a novel role as a receptor for the plasma and extracellular matrix protein vitronectin (Vn). Vn-binding activity was expressed by staphylococcal strains grown under iron starvation conditions when Isd proteins are expressed. Recombinant IsdB bound Vn dose dependently and specifically. Both near-iron transporter motifs NEAT1 and NEAT2 of IsdB individually bound Vn in a saturable manner, with KD values in the range of 16-18 nm Binding of Vn to IsdB was specifically blocked by heparin and reduced at high ionic strength. Furthermore, IsdB-expressing bacterial cells bound significantly higher amounts of Vn from human plasma than did an isdB mutant. Adherence to and invasion of epithelial and endothelial cells by IsdB-expressing S. aureus cells was promoted by Vn, and an αvβ3 integrin-blocking mAb or cilengitide inhibited adherence and invasion by staphylococci, suggesting that Vn acts as a bridge between IsdB and host αvβ3 integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero Pietrocola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelica Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mariangela J Alfeo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Loredana Marchese
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Timothy J Foster
- Department of Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pietro Speziale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Identification and Characterization of Staphylococcus delphini Internalization Pathway in Nonprofessional Phagocytic Cells. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00002-20. [PMID: 32094259 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00002-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular lifestyle of bacteria is widely acknowledged to be an important mechanism in chronic and recurring infection. Among the Staphylococcus genus, only Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius have been clearly identified as intracellular in nonprofessional phagocytic cells (NPPCs), for which the mechanism is mainly fibronectin-binding dependent. Here, we used bioinformatics tools to search for possible new fibronectin-binding proteins (FnBP-like) in other Staphylococcus species. We found a protein in Staphylococcus delphini called Staphylococcus delphini surface protein Y (SdsY). This protein shares 68% identity with the Staphylococcus pseudintermedius surface protein D (SpsD), 36% identity with S. aureus FnBPA, and 39% identity with S. aureus FnBPB. The SdsY protein possesses the typical structure of FnBP-like proteins, including an N-terminal signal sequence, an A domain, a characteristic repeated pattern, and an LPXTG cell wall anchor motif. The level of adhesion to immobilized fibronectin was significantly higher in all S. delphini strains tested than in the fibronectin-binding-deficient S. aureus DU5883 strain. By using a model of human osteoblast infection, the level of internalization of all strains tested was significantly higher than with the invasive-incompetent S. aureus DU5883. These findings were confirmed by phenotype restoration after transformation of DU5883 by a plasmid expression vector encoding the SdsY repeats. Additionally, using fibronectin-depleted serum and murine osteoblast cell lines deficient for the β1 integrin, the involvement of fibronectin and β1 integrin was demonstrated in S. delphini internalization. The present study demonstrates that additional staphylococcal species are able to invade NPPCs and proposes a method to identify FnBP-like proteins.
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Emergence of Staphylococcus lugdunensis as a Cause of Urinary Tract Infection: Results of the Routine Use of MALDI-TOF MS. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030381. [PMID: 32182757 PMCID: PMC7143294 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the incidence and the clinical and laboratory characteristics of Staphylococcus lugdunensis urinary tract infections (UTIs) during a 10-year period (2009–2018) and compared them with those of Staphylococcus saprophyticus UTIs. A total of 38 and 162 episodes of S. lugdunensis and S. saprophyticus UTIs were observed. The number of S. saprophyticus UTIs was stable throughout the 10 years, whereas there was an obvious surge in the apparent number of S. lugdunensis UTIs since 2014, coinciding with the commencement of a routine use of MALDI-TOF MS. Univariate analysis showed that male sex (p < 0.001), advanced age (p < 0.001), hospital-acquired infections, (p < 0.001), upper UTI (p < 0.005), polymicrobial infections (p < 0.05), hypertension (p < 0.001), solid-organ malignancies (p < 0.001), renal stones (p < 0.001), urinary stricture (p < 0.05), vesicoureteral reflux (p < 0.001), and presence of a urinary catheter (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with S. lugdunensis UTI. Multivariable analysis revealed that S. lugdunensis UTI was associated with male sex (OR = 6.08, p < 0.05), solid-organ malignancies (OR = 12.27, p < 0.01), and urological system abnormalities (OR = 7.44, p < 0.05). There were significant differences in the patient population affected and predisposing factors between S. lugdunensis and S. saprophyticus UTIs.
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Becker K, Both A, Weißelberg S, Heilmann C, Rohde H. Emergence of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 18:349-366. [DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1730813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Becker
- Friedrich Loeffler-Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Both
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samira Weißelberg
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christine Heilmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Holger Rohde
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Dahyot S, Oxaran V, Niepceron M, Dupart E, Legris S, Destruel L, Didi J, Clamens T, Lesouhaitier O, Zerdoumi Y, Flaman JM, Pestel-Caron M. Role of the LytSR Two-Component Regulatory System in Staphylococcus lugdunensis Biofilm Formation and Pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:39. [PMID: 32038604 PMCID: PMC6993578 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase negative Staphylococcus recognized as a virulent pathogen. It is responsible for a wide variety of infections, some of which are associated with biofilm production, such as implanted medical device infections or endocarditis. However, little is known about S. lugdunensis regulation of virulence factor expression. Two-component regulatory systems (TCS) play a critical role in bacterial adaptation, survival, and virulence. Among them, LytSR is widely conserved but has variable roles in different organisms, all connected to metabolism or cell death and lysis occurring during biofilm development. Therefore, we investigated here the functions of LytSR in S. lugdunensis pathogenesis. Deletion of lytSR in S. lugdunensis DSM 4804 strain did not alter either susceptibility to Triton X-100 induced autolysis or death induced by antibiotics targeting cell wall synthesis. Interestingly, ΔlytSR biofilm was characterized by a lower biomass, a lack of tower structures, and a higher rate of dead cells compared to the wild-type strain. Virulence toward Caenorhabditis elegans using a slow-killing assay was significantly reduced for the mutant compared to the wild-type strain. By contrast, the deletion of lytSR had no effect on the cytotoxicity of S. lugdunensis toward the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Transcriptional analyses conducted at mid- and late-exponential phases showed that lytSR deletion affected the expression of 286 genes. Most of them were involved in basic functions such as the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, and nucleotides. Furthermore, LytSR appeared to be involved in the regulation of genes encoding known or putative virulence and colonization factors, including the fibrinogen-binding protein Fbl, the major autolysin AtlL, and the type VII secretion system. Overall, our data suggest that the LytSR TCS is implicated in S. lugdunensis pathogenesis, through its involvement in biofilm formation and potentially by the control of genes encoding putative virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Dahyot
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Department of Bacteriology, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Virginie Oxaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Maïté Niepceron
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Eddy Dupart
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphanie Legris
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Laurie Destruel
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Jennifer Didi
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
| | - Thomas Clamens
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Evreux, France
| | - Olivier Lesouhaitier
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Evreux, France
| | - Yasmine Zerdoumi
- INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Michel Flaman
- INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Martine Pestel-Caron
- Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Department of Bacteriology, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Rouen, France
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14
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Assisted Reproductive Technology as a Transcutaneous Route for Bacterial Contamination of Ovarian Endometrioma with Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2019; 2019:4149587. [PMID: 31871398 PMCID: PMC6906832 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4149587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubo-ovarian abscess may develop in women with endometrioma following assisted reproductive technology (ART). The infection, though rare, is typically late in onset and may present several months after the procedure, and in pregnancy—with the risks of abortion and premature labor. It is thought that transcutaneous oocyte retrieval during ART is the route for bacterial contamination resulting in infection of the endometrioma. Pathogens reported in the literature include Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Group B streptococcus (GBS) but Staphylococcus lugdunensis (S. lugdunensis), a coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS), and groin and perineal skin commensal was isolated from the endometrioma in this case. We discuss the challenges in diagnosis and treatment of this rare condition and the implications of the discovery that an organism previously dismissed as a contaminant has emerged as a causative organism in severe, deep-seated infections of soft tissues in recent literature.
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15
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Vermassen A, Talon R, Andant C, Provot C, Desvaux M, Leroy S. Cell-Wall Hydrolases as Antimicrobials against Staphylococcus Species: Focus on Sle1. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110559. [PMID: 31726796 PMCID: PMC6921076 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Some staphylococcal species are opportunistic pathogens of humans and/or animals with Staphylococcus epidermidis as one of the most important. It causes a broad spectrum of diseases in humans and animals. This species is able to form biofilms and has developed antibiotic resistance, which has motivated research on new antibacterial agents. Cell-wall hydrolases (CWHs) can constitute a potential alternative. Following a hijacking strategy, we inventoried the CWHs of S. epidermidis. The lytic potential of representative CWHs that could be turned against staphylococci was explored by turbidity assays which revealed that cell wall glycosidases were not efficient, while cell wall amidases and cell wall peptidases were able to lyse S. epidermidis. Sle1, which is encoded by chromosomal gene and composed of three anchoring LysM domains and a C-terminal CHAP (cysteine, histidine-dependent amidohydrolase/peptidase) domain, was one of the most active CWHs. The phylogeny of Sle1 revealed seven clusters mostly identified among staphylococci. Sle1 was able to lyse several staphylococcal species, including Staphylococcus aureus, both in planktonic and sessile forms, but not Micrococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Vermassen
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.V.); (R.T.); (C.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Régine Talon
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.V.); (R.T.); (C.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Carine Andant
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.V.); (R.T.); (C.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Christian Provot
- BioFilm Control, Biopôle Clermont Limagne, F-63360 Saint-Beauzire, France;
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.V.); (R.T.); (C.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Sabine Leroy
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.V.); (R.T.); (C.A.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Idelevich EA, Knaack D, Nugroho NT, Peters G, Bisdas T, Molinaro S, Torsello GB, Becker K, Herten M. Comparative in vitro activity of bacteriophage endolysin HY-133 against Staphylococcus aureus attached to vascular graft surface. Med Microbiol Immunol 2019; 209:51-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Josse J, Valour F, Maali Y, Diot A, Batailler C, Ferry T, Laurent F. Interaction Between Staphylococcal Biofilm and Bone: How Does the Presence of Biofilm Promote Prosthesis Loosening? Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1602. [PMID: 31379772 PMCID: PMC6653651 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aging of population, the number of indications for total joint replacement is continuously increasing. However, prosthesis loosening can happen and is related to two major mechanisms: (1) aseptic loosening due to prosthesis micromotion and/or corrosion and release of wear particles from the different components of the implanted material and (2) septic loosening due to chronic prosthetic joint infection (PJI). The “aseptic” character of prosthesis loosening has been challenged over the years, especially considering that bacteria can persist in biofilms and be overlooked during diagnosis. Histological studies on periprosthetic tissue samples reported that macrophages are the principle cells associated with aseptic loosening due to wear debris. They produce cytokines and favor an inflammatory environment that induces formation and activation of osteoclasts, leading to bone resorption and periprosthetic osteolysis. In PJIs, the presence of infiltrates of polymorphonuclear neutrophils is a major criterion for histological diagnosis. Neutrophils are colocalized with osteoclasts and zones of osteolysis. A similar inflammatory environment also develops, leading to bone resorption through osteoclasts. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus lugdunensis are the main staphylococci observed in PJIs. They share the common feature to form biofilm. For S. aureus and S. epidermidis, the interaction between biofilm and immunes cells (macrophages and polymorphonuclear neutrophils) differs regarding the species. Indeed, the composition of extracellular matrix of biofilm seems to impact the interaction with immune cells. Recent papers also reported the major role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in biofilm-associated PJIs with S. aureus. These cells prevent lymphocyte infiltration and facilitate biofilm persistence. Moreover, the role of T lymphocytes is still unclear and potentially underestimates. In this review, after introducing the cellular mechanism of aseptic and septic loosening, we will focus on the interrelationships between staphylococcal biofilm, immune cells, and bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Josse
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre Interrégional de Référence des Infections Ostéo-articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Florent Valour
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre Interrégional de Référence des Infections Ostéo-articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Yousef Maali
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alan Diot
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Batailler
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre Interrégional de Référence des Infections Ostéo-articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Tristan Ferry
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre Interrégional de Référence des Infections Ostéo-articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre Interrégional de Référence des Infections Ostéo-articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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18
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Taha L, Stegger M, Söderquist B. Staphylococcus lugdunensis: antimicrobial susceptibility and optimal treatment options. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1449-1455. [PMID: 31144243 PMCID: PMC6647525 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) with unusual pathogenicity resembling that of S. aureus. Unlike other CoNS, S. lugdunensis remains susceptible to most antibiotics. The resistance to penicillin varies widely (range, 15–87% worldwide), whereas methicillin resistance is still rare. We aimed to evaluate treatment options for infections caused by S. lugdunensis and more specifically to investigate whether penicillin G could be a better treatment choice than oxacillin. Susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method for penicillin G, cefoxitin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, norfloxacin, fusidic acid, rifampicin, and fosfomycin. Isolates susceptible to penicillin G were further tested with a gradient test for penicillin G and oxacillin. Of the 540 clinical isolates tested, 74.6% were susceptible to penicillin G. Among these penicillin-susceptible isolates, the MIC50 and MIC90 values for penicillin G were threefold lower than that for oxacillin. A majority of the isolates were susceptible to all other antibiotics tested. Breakpoints for fosfomycin have not yet been defined, and so no conclusions could be drawn. Two isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and carried the mecA gene; whole-genome sequencing revealed that both harbored the SCCmec element type IVa(2B). S. lugdunensis isolated in Sweden were susceptible to most tested antibiotics. Penicillin G may be a more optimal treatment choice than oxacillin. Although carriage of the mecA gene is rare among S. lugdunensis, it does occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Taha
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Marc Stegger
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Söderquist
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Örebro University Hospital, SE-701 85, Örebro, Sweden.
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19
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Dahyot S, Lebeurre J, Laumay F, Argemi X, Dubos C, Lemée L, Prévost G, François P, Pestel-Caron M. fbl-Typing of Staphylococcus lugdunensis: A Frontline Tool for Epidemiological Studies, but Not Predictive of Fibrinogen Binding Ability. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1109. [PMID: 31156610 PMCID: PMC6533592 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is increasingly recognized as a potent pathogen, responsible for severe infections with an outcome resembling that of Staphylococcus aureus. Here, we developed and evaluated a tool for S. lugdunensis typing, using DNA sequence analysis of the repeat-encoding region (R-domain) in the gene encoding the fibrinogen (Fg)-binding protein Fbl (fbl-typing). We typed 240 S. lugdunensis isolates from various clinical and geographical origins. The length of the R-domain ranged from 9 to 52 repeats. fbl-typing identified 54 unique 18-bp repeat sequences and 92 distinct fbl-types. The discriminatory power of fbl-typing was higher than that of multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and equivalent to that of tandem repeat sequence typing. fbl-types could assign isolates to MLST clonal complexes with excellent predictive power. The ability to promote adherence to immobilized human Fg was evaluated for 55 isolates chosen to reflect the genetic diversity of the fbl gene. We observed no direct correlation between Fg binding ability and fbl-types. However, the lowest percentage of Fg binding was observed for isolates carrying a 5'-end frameshift mutation of the fbl gene and for those harboring fewer than 43 repeats in the R-domain. qRT-PCR assays for some isolates revealed no correlation between fbl gene expression and Fg binding capacity. In conclusion, this study shows that fbl-typing is a useful tool in S. lugdunensis epidemiology, especially because it is an easy, cost-effective, rapid and portable method (http://fbl-typing.univ-rouen.fr/). The impact of fbl polymorphism on the structure of the protein, its expression on the cell surface and in virulence remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Dahyot
- UNIROUEN, GRAM EA2656, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | | | - Floriane Laumay
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Service of Infectious Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Argemi
- VBP EA7290, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Institut de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Charline Dubos
- UNIROUEN, GRAM EA2656, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Ludovic Lemée
- UNIROUEN, GRAM EA2656, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Gilles Prévost
- VBP EA7290, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Institut de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrice François
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Service of Infectious Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martine Pestel-Caron
- UNIROUEN, GRAM EA2656, Rouen University Hospital, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
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20
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Heilmann C, Ziebuhr W, Becker K. Are coagulase-negative staphylococci virulent? Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 25:1071-1080. [PMID: 30502487 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progress in contemporary medicine is associated with an increasing number of immunocompromised individuals. In this vulnerable group, the underlying disease together with long-term hospitalization and the use of medical devices facilitate infections by opportunistic pathogens, of which coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) represent a prime example. OBJECTIVES The diversity of CoNS with species- and strain-specific differences concerning virulence and clinical impact is highlighted. A focus is on the ability of CoNS to generate biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces, which enables skin and mucosa colonization as well as establishment of CoNS on indwelling foreign bodies. SOURCES Literature about the virulence of CoNS listed in PubMed was reviewed. CONTENT Most catheter-related and prosthetic joint infections as well as most other device-related infections are caused by CoNS, specifically by Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. A common theme of CoNS infections is a high antibiotic resistance rate, which often limits treatment options and contributes to the significant health and economic burden imposed by CoNS. IMPLICATIONS Breaching the skin barrier along with the insertion of medical devices offers CoNS opportunities to gain access to host tissues and to sustain there by forming biofilms on foreign body surfaces. Biofilms represent the perfect niche to protect CoNS from both the host immune response and the action of antibiotics. Their particular lifestyle, combined with conditions that facilitate host colonization and infection, has led to the growing impact of CoNS as pathogens. Moreover, CoNS may serve as hidden reservoirs for antibiotic resistance and virulence traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Heilmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - W Ziebuhr
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - K Becker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
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21
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Parvaiz N, Abbasi SW, Uddin R, Azam SS. Targeting isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway in Staphylococcus lugdunensis: Comparative docking and simulation studies of conventional and allosteric sites. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Campoccia D, Montanaro L, Ravaioli S, Cangini I, Testoni F, Visai L, Arciola CR. New Parameters to Quantitatively Express the Invasiveness of Bacterial Strains from Implant-Related Orthopaedic Infections into Osteoblast Cells. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11040550. [PMID: 29614037 PMCID: PMC5951434 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Complete eradication of bacterial infections is often a challenging task, especially in presence of prosthetic devices. Invasion of non-phagocytic host cells appears to be a critical mechanism of microbial persistence in host tissues. Hidden within host cells, bacteria elude host defences and antibiotic treatments that are intracellularly inactive. The intracellular invasiveness of bacteria is generally measured by conventional gentamicin protection assays. The efficiency of invasion, however, markedly differs across bacterial species and adjustments to the titre of the microbial inocula used in the assays are often needed to enumerate intracellular bacteria. Such changes affect the standardisation of the method and hamper a direct comparison of bacteria on a same scale. This study aims at investigating the precise relation between inoculum, in terms of multiplicity of infection (MOI), and internalised bacteria. The investigation included nine Staphylococcus aureus, seven Staphylococcus epidermidis, five Staphylococcus lugdunensis and two Enterococcus faecalis clinical strains, which are co-cultured with MG63 human osteoblasts. Unprecedented insights are offered on the relations existing between MOI, number of internalised bacteria and per cent of internalised bacteria. New parameters are identified that are of potential use for qualifying the efficiency of internalization and compare the behaviour of bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Campoccia
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lucio Montanaro
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ravaioli
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Cangini
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesca Testoni
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Livia Visai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Tissue Engineering (CIT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Ergonomy and Disability, Nanotechnology Laboratory, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Carla Renata Arciola
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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23
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FtsEX-CwlO regulates biofilm formation by a plant-beneficial rhizobacterium Bacillus velezensis SQR9. Res Microbiol 2018; 169:166-176. [PMID: 29427638 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus velezensis strain SQR9 is a well-investigated rhizobacterium with an outstanding ability to colonize roots, enhance plant growth and suppress soil-borne diseases. The recognition that biofilm formation by plant-beneficial bacteria is crucial for their root colonization and function has resulted in increased interest in understanding molecular mechanisms related to biofilm formation. Here, we report that the gene ftsE, encoding the ATP-binding protein of an FtsEX ABC transporter, is required for efficient SQR9 biofilm formation. FtsEX has been reported to regulate the atolysin CwlO. We provided evidence that FtsEX-CwlO was involved in the regulation of SQR9 biofilm formation; however, this effect has little to do with CwlO autolysin activity. We propose that regulation of biofilm formation by CwlO was exerted through the spo0A pathway, since transcription of spo0A cascade genes was altered and their downstream extracellular matrix genes were downregulated in SQR9 ftsE/cwlO deletion mutants. CwlO was also shown to interact physically with KinB/KinD. CwlO may therefore interact with KinB/KinD to interfere with the spo0A pathway. This study revealed that FtsEX-CwlO plays a previously undiscovered regulatory role in biofilm formation by SQR9 that may enhance root colonization and plant-beneficial functions of SQR9 and other beneficial rhizobacteria as well.
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24
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Josse J, Laurent F, Diot A. Staphylococcal Adhesion and Host Cell Invasion: Fibronectin-Binding and Other Mechanisms. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2433. [PMID: 29259603 PMCID: PMC5723312 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Opportunistic bacteria from the genus Staphylococcus can cause life-threatening infections such as pneumonia, endocarditis, bone and joint infections, and sepsis. This pathogenicity is closely related to their capacity to bind directly to the extracellular matrix or to host cells. Adhesion is indeed the first step in the formation of biofilm or the invasion of host cells, which protect the bacteria from the host immune system and facilitate chronic infection. Adhesion relies on the expression of a repertoire of surface proteins called adhesins, notably microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules. In this short review, we discuss the main pathway (FnBP-Fn-α5β1 integrin), as well as alternatives, through which Staphylococcus aureus adheres to and then invades non-professional phagocytic cells. We then examine the corresponding mechanisms for coagulase negative staphylococci. There is currently a little understanding of the molecular mechanisms that lead to internalization. Filling this gap in the literature would therefore be an important step toward limiting the duration of staphylococci infections in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Josse
- International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,Institute for Infectious Agents, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,French National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, Lyon, France.,Microbiology-Mycology Department, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alan Diot
- International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
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25
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Ding WY, Li YH, Lian H, Ai XY, Zhao YL, Yang YB, Han Q, Liu X, Chen XY, He Z. Sub-Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Rhubarb Water Extracts Inhibit Streptococcus suis Biofilm Formation. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:425. [PMID: 28736523 PMCID: PMC5500959 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is one of the most important swine pathogens, which can cause persistent infection by forming biofilms. In this study, sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) of rhubarb water extracts were found to inhibit biofilm formation. Two-component signal transduction systems (TCSs), transcriptional regulators, and DNA binding proteins were compared under two conditions: (1) cells treated with sub-MIC rhubarb water extracts and (2) untreated cells. Using an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) strategy, we found that TCSs constituent proteins of histidine kinase and response regulator were significantly down-regulated. This down-regulation can affect the transfer of information during biofilm formation. The transcriptional regulators and DNA binding proteins that can interact with TCSs and interrupt gene transcription were also significantly altered. For these reasons, the levels of protein expressions varied in different parts of the treated vs. untreated cells. In summary, rhubarb water extracts might serve as potential inhibitor for the control of S. suis biofilm formation. The change in TCSs, transcriptional regulators, and DNA binding proteins may be important factors in S. suis biofilm inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ya Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang, China.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - He Lian
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Ai
- School of Pharmacy, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Yan-Bei Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Qiang Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang, China.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Xue-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang, China
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Kinetics of biofilm formation by Staphylococcus lugdunensis strains in bone and joint infections. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 88:298-304. [PMID: 28529089 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical presentation and 1-year follow-up of patients with bone and joint infections (BJIs) caused by Staphylococcus lugdunensis and evaluate its biofilm-forming capacities. PATIENTS AND METHODS Overall, 28 patients with BJIs from VISLISI clinical trials were included. We evaluated 1-year clinical follow-up and analyzed biofilm production kinetics of the 28 strains using the BioFilm Ring Test®. RESULTS Of all patients, 12 had osteoarticular infections without material and 16 had prosthetic joint infections, of which 9 underwent a 1-stage revision procedure. At the 1-year follow-up, all patients were cured but needed a surgical intervention. Diabetes affected 46.4% of all patients. Of all, 20 strains (71.4%) started biofilm formation within 2 h, but all strains started the formation after 4 h experiment, and 25 strains (89.3%) reached a maximum after 6 h. CONCLUSIONS This study describes the clinical and surgical management of BJIs caused by S. lugdunensis and shows that 1-stage prosthesis exchange procedures may be efficient. Further, It shows that biofilm production by this strain was not marginal and directly impacted clinical and surgical management.
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Staphylococcus lugdunensis: a neglected pathogen of infections involving fracture-fixation devices. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2017; 41:1085-1091. [PMID: 28405808 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-017-3476-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cases of fracture-fixation device infection involving Staphylococcus lugdunensis are not frequent. The clinical characteristics and the choice of treatment strategies of these infections are not obviously known to date. METHODS We performed a review of fracture-fixation device infection involving S. lugdunensis managed by our centres. RESULTS Among the 38 cases of fracture-fixation device infection involving S. lugdunensis, 53% were located in the tibia. Most of our cases (87%) were chronic infections. Purulent discharge, which occurred in 79% of cases, was the most frequent clinical symptom, followed by pain in 63%, local inflammation in 55%, and fever in 37%. Bacteremia and severe sepsis occurred in 10% and 18% of cases, respectively. Four cases (10%) were treated exclusively with antimicrobial treatment alone. Thirty-four cases (89%) were treated with a combination of surgery with antimicrobial therapy including surgical debridement, antibiotics and osteosynthesis device retention in six cases (16%), and osteosynthesis device removal in 27 cases (71%). The mean length of antibiotic treatment was 119 days. The relapse rate was high that was not related to selection of resistant strains. Polymicrobial infection had no impact on clinical outcome. A combination of surgery with antimicrobial therapy was identified as a significant prognostic factor associated with remission (p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS S. lugdunensis is probably involved in more infections than has been reported. Using appropriate microbiological methods laboratories should routinely identify the species of all coagulase-negative Staphylococci isolates involved in fracture-fixation device infection to better achieve the treatment strategies of fracture-fixation device infection involving S. lugdunensis.
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Ishiekwene C, Ghitan M, Kuhn-Basti M, Chapnick E, Lin YS. Staphylococcus lugdunensis endocarditis with destruction of the ventricular septum and multiple native valves. IDCases 2016; 7:14-15. [PMID: 27920984 PMCID: PMC5133647 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis (S. lugdunensis) is a coagulase negative staphylococcus (CoNS) that can cause destructive infective endocarditis. S. lugdunensis, unlike other CoNS, should be considered to be a pathogen. We report the first case of S. lugdunensis endocarditis causing ventricular septal defect and destruction of the aortic and mitral valves. A 53-year-old male with morbid obesity and COPD presented with intermittent fever and progressive shortness of breath for 2 weeks. Chest examination showed bilateral basal crepitations, and a grade 2 systolic murmur along the right sternal border. The leukocyte count was 26,000 cells/μl with 89% neutrophils. He was treated with intravenous vancomycin and ceftriaxone. Blood cultures grew Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Transthoracic echocardiogram, which was limited by body habitus, showed no definite valvular vegetations. Repeat transthoracic echocardiogram performed one week later revealed a large aortic valve vegetation Vancomycin was switched to daptomycin on day 4 because of difficulty achieving therapeutic levels of vancomycin and the development of renal insufficiency. Open heart surgery on day 10 revealed aortic valve and mitral valve vegetations with destruction, left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) septal abscess and ventricular septal defect (VSD). Bio-prosthetic aortic and mitral valve replacement, LVOT and VSD repair were done. Intraoperative cultures grew Staphylococcus lugdunensis. The patient was discharged home with daptomycin to complete 6 weeks of treatment. S. lugdunensis can cause rapidly progressive endocarditis with valve and septal destruction. Early diagnosis and therapy are essential, with consideration of valve replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestine Ishiekwene
- Department of infectious Disease, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA, USA
| | - Monica Ghitan
- Department of infectious Disease, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA, USA
| | - Margaret Kuhn-Basti
- Department of infectious Disease, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA, USA
| | - Edward Chapnick
- Department of infectious Disease, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA, USA
| | - Yu Shia Lin
- Department of infectious Disease, Maimonides Medical Center, 4802 10th Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA, USA
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Lourtet-Hascoët J, Bicart-See A, Félicé MP, Giordano G, Bonnet E. Staphylococcus lugdunensis, a serious pathogen in periprosthetic joint infections: comparison to Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Int J Infect Dis 2016; 51:56-61. [PMID: 27609028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the characteristics of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) due to Staphylococcus lugdunensis and to compare these to the characteristics of PJI due to Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. METHODS A retrospective multicentre study including all consecutive cases of S. lugdunensis PJI (2000-2014) was performed. Eighty-eight cases of staphylococcal PJI were recorded: 28 due to S. lugdunensis, 30 to S. aureus, and 30 to S. epidermidis, as identified by Vitek 2 or API Staph (bioMérieux). RESULTS Clinical symptoms were more often reported in the S. lugdunensis group, and the median delay between surgery and infection was shorter for the S. lugdunensis group than for the S. aureus and S. epidermidis groups. Regarding antibiotic susceptibility, the S. lugdunensis strains were susceptible to antibiotics and 61% of the patients could be treated with levofloxacin + rifampicin. The outcome of the PJI was favourable for 89% of patients with S. lugdunensis, 83% with S. aureus, and 97% with S. epidermidis. CONCLUSION S. lugdunensis is an emerging pathogen with a pathogenicity quite similar to that of S. aureus. This coagulase-negative Staphylococcus must be identified precisely in PJI, in order to select the appropriate surgical treatment and antibiotics .
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lourtet-Hascoët
- Microbiological Laboratory, Hôpital J. Ducuing, 15 rue Varsovie, 31300 Toulouse, France.
| | - A Bicart-See
- Infectious Diseases Mobile Unit, J. Ducuing Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - M P Félicé
- Microbiological Laboratory, Hôpital J. Ducuing, 15 rue Varsovie, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - G Giordano
- Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery Department, J. Ducuing Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - E Bonnet
- Infectious Diseases Mobile Unit, J. Ducuing Hospital, Toulouse, France
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30
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Exopolysaccharide Production and Biofilm Formation by Histophilus somni. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2016; 396:149-60. [PMID: 26853691 DOI: 10.1007/82_2015_5013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The biofilm matrix of Histophilus somni is a complex architecture that differs substantially in structure between a pathogenic and commensal isolate examined. Overall, most pathogenic isolates produce more biofilm than commensal isolates. A major component of the biofilm is exopolysaccharide (EPS), which is also produced in greater quantity in the pathogenic isolate than in the commensal isolate studied. The EPS is composed of a D-mannan polymer, with occasional galactose residues present on side chains, similar in composition to that of yeast mannan. When grown in the presence of sialic acid, the biofilm EPS becomes sialylated and the amino sugars N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine can be detected. In vitro biofilm formation follows a typical 4-stage growth curve, characterized by attachment, growth, maturation, and detachment. Following experimental challenge, formation of an H. somni biofilm has been demonstrated in cardiopulmonary tissue, often with Pasteurella multocida cohabitating the biofilm. A recently developed diagnostic test can detect antibodies to the EPS only in animals with systemic disease due to H. somni and is therefore capable of distinguishing between healthy animals colonized with H. somni and animals with systemic disease.
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31
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Maali Y, Martins-Simões P, Valour F, Bouvard D, Rasigade JP, Bes M, Haenni M, Ferry T, Laurent F, Trouillet-Assant S. Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Staphylococcus Non-aureus Bone and Joint Infection: Interspecies Homogeneity and Specific Behavior of S. pseudintermedius. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1063. [PMID: 27462303 PMCID: PMC4940379 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Implicated in more than 60% of bone and joint infections (BJIs), Staphylococci have a particular tropism for osteoarticular tissue and lead to difficult-to-treat clinical infections. To date, Staphylococcus aureus internalization in non-professional phagocytic cells (NPPCs) is a well-explored virulence mechanism involved in BJI chronicity. Conversely, the pathophysiological pathways associated with Staphylococcus non-aureus (SNA) BJIs have scarcely been studied despite their high prevalence. In this study, 15 reference strains from 15 different SNA species were compared in terms of (i) adhesion to human fibronectin based on adhesion microplate assays and (ii) internalization ability, intracellular persistence and cytotoxicity based on an in vitro infection model using human osteoblasts. Compared to S. aureus, S. pseudintermedius was the only species that significantly adhered to human fibronectin. This species was also associated with high (even superior to S. aureus) internalization ability, intracellular persistence and cytotoxicity. These findings were confirmed using a panel of 17 different S. pseudintermedius isolates. Additionally, S. pseudintermedius internalization by osteoblasts was completely abolished in β1 integrin-deficient murine osteoblasts. These results suggest the involvement of β1 integrin in the invasion process, although this mechanism was previously restricted to S. aureus. In summary, our results suggest that internalization into NPPCs is not a classical pathophysiologic mechanism of SNA BJIs. S. pseudintermedius appears to be an exception, and its ability to invade and subsequently induce cytotoxicity in NPPCs could explain its severe and necrotic forms of infection, notably in dogs, which exhibit a high prevalence of S. pseudintermedius infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Maali
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Team "Pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections"Lyon, France; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Northern Hospital Group, Hospices Civils de LyonLyon, France
| | - Patrícia Martins-Simões
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Team "Pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections"Lyon, France; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Northern Hospital Group, Hospices Civils de LyonLyon, France
| | - Florent Valour
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Team "Pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections"Lyon, France; Infectious Diseases Department, Northern Hospital Group, Hospices Civils de LyonLyon, France
| | - Daniel Bouvard
- INSERM U1209, Albert Bonniot InstituteGrenoble, France; Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Rasigade
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Team "Pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections"Lyon, France; National Reference Center of Staphylococci, Hospices Civils de LyonLyon, France
| | - Michele Bes
- National Reference Center of Staphylococci, Hospices Civils de Lyon Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- ANSES - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety Lyon, France
| | - Tristan Ferry
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Team "Pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections"Lyon, France; Infectious Diseases Department, Northern Hospital Group, Hospices Civils de LyonLyon, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Team "Pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections"Lyon, France; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Northern Hospital Group, Hospices Civils de LyonLyon, France; National Reference Center of Staphylococci, Hospices Civils de LyonLyon, France
| | - Sophie Trouillet-Assant
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Team "Pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections"Lyon, France; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Northern Hospital Group, Hospices Civils de LyonLyon, France
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Sato M, Kubota N, Horiuchi A, Kasai M, Minami K, Matsui H. Frequency, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of Staphylococcus lugdunensis Bacteremia in children. J Infect Chemother 2016; 22:298-302. [PMID: 26898664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus lugdunensis (S. lugdunensis) is known as a common cause of clinically significant infections in adults although the clinical importance of S. lugdunensis isolates from pediatric samples is less known. The aim of this study is to assess the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of S. lugdunensis bacteremia (SLB) in children. METHODS From January 2009 to March 2014, all blood culture isolates were retrospectively screened for S. lugdunensis. We analyzed the isolates for antimicrobial susceptibility and patients who had developed SLB by reviewing the electronic medical records. Additionally, we identified mecA and blaZ for available isolates by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Of the 647 positive blood cultures during the period, 277 (42.8%) yielded coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS), and 10 of 277 CoNS were S. lugdunensis (3.6% of all CoNS isolates). Of eight SLB episodes identified, seven (87.5%) were considered to have clinically significant bacteremia. All patients had underlying diseases, and all SLB were either healthcare-associated or hospital acquired. There was no infectious endocarditis (IE) development. All patients were treated with antibiotics and recovered without sequelae. We found that the isolates in our study showed higher antibiotic resistance to penicillin (8/8: 100%) and oxacillin (6/8: 75.0%) than previously reported. Among isolates available, we detected mecA in all four isolates resistant to oxacillin and blaZ in 5 of 6 isolates resistant to penicillin. CONCLUSIONS S. lugdunensis is a rare but an important cause of bacteremia in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Sato
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Nagano Children's Hospital, Japan
| | - Noriko Kubota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagano Children's Hospital, Japan
| | - Ayaka Horiuchi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagano Children's Hospital, Japan
| | - Masashi Kasai
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Nagano Children's Hospital, Japan
| | - Kisei Minami
- Department of General Pediatrics, Nagano Children's Hospital, Japan
| | - Hikoro Matsui
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Nagano Children's Hospital, Japan.
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Campoccia D, Testoni F, Ravaioli S, Cangini I, Maso A, Speziale P, Montanaro L, Visai L, Arciola CR. Orthopedic implant infections: Incompetence of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, and Enterococcus faecalis to invade osteoblasts. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:788-801. [PMID: 26378773 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Septic failure is still the major complication of prosthetic implants. Entering host cells, bacteria hide from host immune defenses, shelter from extracellular antibiotics, and cause chronic infection. Staphylococcus aureus, the leading etiologic agent of orthopedic implant infections, is able to enter bone cells and induce osteoblast apoptosis, osteoclast recruitment, and highly destructive osteomyelitis. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, and Enterococcus faecalis are opportunistic pathogens causative of implant-related infections. This study investigated the ability to internalize into osteoblastic MG63 cells of 22 S. epidermidis, 9 S. lugdunensis, and 21 E. faecalis clinical isolates from orthopedic implant infections. Isolates were categorized in clusters by ribotyping. Internalization assay was carried out by means of a microtiter plate-based method. S. epidermidis, S. lugdunensis, and E. faecalis strains turned out incompetent to enter osteoblasts, exhibiting negligible internalization into MG63 cells, nearly three orders of magnitude lower than that of S. aureus. Osteoblast invasion does not appear as a pathogenetic mechanism utilized by S. epidermidis, S. lugdunensis, or E. faecalis for infecting orthopedic implants. Moreover, it can be inferred that intracellularly active antimicrobials should not be necessary against implant infections caused by the three bacterial species. Finally, implications with the uptake of biomaterial microparticles by nonphagocytic cells are enlightened. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 788-801, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Campoccia
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Testoni
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ravaioli
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cangini
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Maso
- Microbiology Analysis Section of the Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pietro Speziale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lucio Montanaro
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Tissue Engineering (CIT), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Ergonomy and Disability, Nanotechnology Laboratory, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carla Renata Arciola
- Research Unit on Implant Infections, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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34
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Rajendran NB, Eikmeier J, Becker K, Hussain M, Peters G, Heilmann C. Important contribution of the novel locus comEB to extracellular DNA-dependent Staphylococcus lugdunensis biofilm formation. Infect Immun 2015; 83:4682-92. [PMID: 26416910 PMCID: PMC4645410 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00775-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The coagulase-negative species Staphylococcus lugdunensis is an emerging cause of serious and potentially life-threatening infections, such as infective endocarditis. The pathogenesis of these infections is characterized by the ability of S. lugdunensis to form biofilms on either biotic or abiotic surfaces. To elucidate the genetic basis of biofilm formation in S. lugdunensis, we performed transposon (Tn917) mutagenesis. One mutant had a significantly reduced biofilm-forming capacity and carried a Tn917 insertion within the competence gene comEB. Site-directed mutagenesis and subsequent complementation with a functional copy of comEB verified the importance of comEB in biofilm formation. In several bacterial species, natural competence stimulates DNA release via lysis-dependent or -independent mechanisms. Extracellular DNA (eDNA) has been demonstrated to be an important structural component of many bacterial biofilms. Therefore, we quantified the eDNA in the biofilms and found diminished eDNA amounts in the comEB mutant biofilm. High-resolution images and three-dimensional data obtained via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CSLM) visualized the impact of the comEB mutation on biofilm integrity. The comEB mutant did not show reduced expression of autolysin genes, decreased autolytic activities, or increased cell viability, suggesting a cell lysis-independent mechanism of DNA release. Furthermore, reduced amounts of eDNA in the comEB mutant biofilms did not result from elevated levels or activity of the S. lugdunensis thermonuclease NucI. In conclusion, we defined here, for the first time, a role for the competence gene comEB in staphylococcal biofilm formation. Our findings indicate that comEB stimulates biofilm formation via a lysis-independent mechanism of DNA release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julian Eikmeier
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Karsten Becker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Muzaffar Hussain
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Peters
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christine Heilmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
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