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Garlapaty A, Cook JL, Bezold W, Schweser K. Activated nitinol compression staples are associated with favorable biomechanical properties for talonavicular arthrodesis. J Orthop 2024; 52:90-93. [PMID: 38435315 PMCID: PMC10904201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2024.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nitinol compression staple use in foot and ankle arthrodesis procedures, including for the talonavicular joint, has gained acceptance. A previous study provided evidence for using nitinol compression staples in talonavicular arthrodesis (TNA) based on functional biomechanical testing comparisons to "gold standard" lag screw fixation. This study aimed to further compare the functional biomechanical properties of nitinol compression staple fixation to lag screw fixation for arthrodesis of the talonavicular joint. Body-temperature incubation and ankle inversion and eversion loading sequences were added to previously reported biomechanical testing. Methods Robotic testing was performed on cadaveric feet (n = 10; 5 matched pairs) after TNA using either two nitinol compression staples or two fully threaded lag screws. TNA method was randomized, alternating between matched-pairs of left and right feet. After surgical stabilization, specimens were incubated at 38 °C for 24 h to simulate the initial postoperative period in a patient. After plantarflexion and dorsiflexion testing, the specimens underwent inversion and eversion testing, cycling from 20° inversion to 10° eversion for 10 cycles. Displacements were tracked using optical tracking markers. Significant (p < 0.05) differences between staple versus screw fixation cohorts were determined using paired t-Tests. Results All specimens completed testing with none experiencing failure at the TNF. No statistically significant differences in functional biomechanical testing properties were noted between nitinol compression staple fixation and lag screw fixation for TNA. Conclusion The study findings provide additional support for nitinol compression staple fixation as an option for talonavicular arthrodesis fixation. Taken together, the results of functional biomechanical testing studies have provided sufficient evidence for initiation of a prospective clinical outcomes study using nitinol compression staples for talonavicular arthrodesis fixation at our institution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James L. Cook
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Will Bezold
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kyle Schweser
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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2
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Rohaľová S, Wolaschka T, Balážová Ľ, Paulovičová K, Tóthová J, Pavloková S, Stahorský M, Gajdziok J. Formulation optimization and evaluation of oromucosal in situ gel loaded with silver nanoparticles prepared by green biosynthesis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 193:106683. [PMID: 38142949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Treating oral diseases remains challenging as API is quickly washed out of the application site by saliva turnover and mouth movements. In situ gels are a class of application forms that present sol-gel transition's ability as a response to stimuli. Their tunable properties are provided using smart polymers responsible for stimuli sensitivity, often providing mucoadhesivity. In this study, antimicrobial in situ gels of thermosensitive and pH-sensitive polymers loaded with silver nanoparticles were prepared and evaluated. The nanoparticles were prepared by green synthesis using Agrimonia eupatoria L. extract. According to the data analysis, the in situ gel with the most promising profile contained 15 % of Pluronic® F-127, 0.25 % of methylcellulose, and 0.1 % of Noveon® AA-1. Pluronic® F-127 and methylcellulose significantly increased the viscosity of in situ gels at 37 °C and shear rates similar to speaking and swallowing. At 20 °C, a behavior close to a Newtonian fluid was observed while being easily injectable (injection force 13.455 ± 1.973 N). The viscosity of the formulation increased with temperature and reached 2962.77 ± 63.37 mPa·s (37 °C). A temperature increase led to increased adhesiveness and rigidity of the formulation. The critical sol-gel transition temperature at physiological pH was 32.65 ± 0.35 °C. 96.77 ± 3.26 % of Ag NPs were released by erosion and dissolution of the gel after 40 min. The determination of MIC showed effect against E. coli and S. aureus (0.0625 mM and 0.5000 mM, respectively). The relative inhibition zone diameter of the in situ gel was 73.32 ± 11.06 % compared to gentamicin sulfate. This work discusses the optimization of the formulation of novel antibacterial in situ gel for oromucosal delivery, analyses the impact of the concentration of excipients on the dependent variables, and suggests appropriate evaluation of the formulation in terms of its indication. This study offers a promising dosage form for local treatment of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Rohaľová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého třída 1946/1 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Wolaschka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľudmila Balážová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Paulovičová
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Tóthová
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Košice, Park Komenského 2 042 00 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Sylvie Pavloková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého třída 1946/1 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Stahorský
- Institute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 45 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Gajdziok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého třída 1946/1 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Ley C, Heath F, Hastie T, Gao Z, Protsiv M, Parsonnet J. Defining Usual Oral Temperature Ranges in Outpatients Using an Unsupervised Learning Algorithm. JAMA Intern Med 2023; 183:1128-1135. [PMID: 37669046 PMCID: PMC10481327 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.4291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Importance Although oral temperature is commonly assessed in medical examinations, the range of usual or "normal" temperature is poorly defined. Objective To determine normal oral temperature ranges by age, sex, height, weight, and time of day. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used clinical visit information from the divisions of Internal Medicine and Family Medicine in a single large medical care system. All adult outpatient encounters that included temperature measurements from April 28, 2008, through June 4, 2017, were eligible for inclusion. The LIMIT (Laboratory Information Mining for Individualized Thresholds) filtering algorithm was applied to iteratively remove encounters with primary diagnoses overrepresented in the tails of the temperature distribution, leaving only those diagnoses unrelated to temperature. Mixed-effects modeling was applied to the remaining temperature measurements to identify independent factors associated with normal oral temperature and to generate individualized normal temperature ranges. Data were analyzed from July 5, 2017, to June 23, 2023. Exposures Primary diagnoses and medications, age, sex, height, weight, time of day, and month, abstracted from each outpatient encounter. Main Outcomes and Measures Normal temperature ranges by age, sex, height, weight, and time of day. Results Of 618 306 patient encounters, 35.92% were removed by LIMIT because they included diagnoses or medications that fell disproportionately in the tails of the temperature distribution. The encounters removed due to overrepresentation in the upper tail were primarily linked to infectious diseases (76.81% of all removed encounters); type 2 diabetes was the only diagnosis removed for overrepresentation in the lower tail (15.71% of all removed encounters). The 396 195 encounters included in the analysis set consisted of 126 705 patients (57.35% women; mean [SD] age, 52.7 [15.9] years). Prior to running LIMIT, the mean (SD) overall oral temperature was 36.71 °C (0.43 °C); following LIMIT, the mean (SD) temperature was 36.64 °C (0.35 °C). Using mixed-effects modeling, age, sex, height, weight, and time of day accounted for 6.86% (overall) and up to 25.52% (per patient) of the observed variability in temperature. Mean normal oral temperature did not reach 37 °C for any subgroup; the upper 99th percentile ranged from 36.81 °C (a tall man with underweight aged 80 years at 8:00 am) to 37.88 °C (a short woman with obesity aged 20 years at 2:00 pm). Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that normal oral temperature varies in an expected manner based on sex, age, height, weight, and time of day, allowing individualized normal temperature ranges to be established. The clinical significance of a value outside of the usual range is an area for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ley
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Frederik Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- currently with University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine
| | - Trevor Hastie
- Department of Statistics, School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Zijun Gao
- Department of Statistics, School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- currently with USC Marshall Business School, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Myroslava Protsiv
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- currently with Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Julie Parsonnet
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Olson KD, O’Brien P, Lin AS, Fabry DA, Hanke S, Schroeder MJ. A Continuously Worn Dual Temperature Sensor System for Accurate Monitoring of Core Body Temperature from the Ear Canal. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7323. [PMID: 37687777 PMCID: PMC10490514 DOI: 10.3390/s23177323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to develop a temperature sensor system that accurately measures core body temperature from an ear-worn device. Two digital temperature sensors were embedded in a hearing aid shell along the thermal gradient of the ear canal to form a linear heat balance relationship. This relationship was used to determine best fit parameters for estimating body temperature. The predicted body temperatures resulted in intersubject limits of agreement (LOA) of ±0.49 °C over a range of physiologic and ambient temperatures without calibration. The newly developed hearing aid-based temperature sensor system can estimate core body temperature at an accuracy level equal to or better than many devices currently on the market. An accurate, continuously worn, temperature monitoring and tracking device may help provide early detection of illnesses, which could prove especially beneficial during pandemics and in the elderly demographic of hearing aid wearers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark J. Schroeder
- Starkey, 6600 Washington Ave S., Eden Prairie, MN 55344, USA; (K.D.O.); (P.O.); (A.S.L.); (D.A.F.); (S.H.)
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Liddle LJ, Dirks CA, Almekhlafi M, Colbourne F. An Ambiguous Role for Fever in Worsening Outcome After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:123-136. [PMID: 35366212 PMCID: PMC9995537 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10-15% of all strokes and leaves most survivors with impairments. Fever, a rise in the thermoregulatory set point, complicates ICH. This review summarizes ICH fever studies and employs meta-analytic techniques to explore the relationship between fever and ICH. We discuss methodological considerations for future studies and provide an overview of mechanisms by which fever, and its treatment, may impact ICH. We searched the PubMed database using the following terms: ((fever OR hyperthermia) AND (intracerebral hemorrhage OR intraparenchymal hemorrhage OR intracerebral haemorrhage OR intraparenchymal haemorrhage)). Our search returned 727 studies, of which 21 were included in our final analysis, consisting of 19 clinical, and two preclinical, studies. We conducted a meta-analysis on the clinical data to quantify how fever is related to mortality, functional outcomes, and intraventricular hemorrhage. Analysis of clinical studies suggested that fever causes an increased risk of mortality but does not appear to be associated with poor outcomes among survivors, making it difficult to ascertain the extent of harm caused by post-ICH fever or the benefits of its treatment. Perhaps these inconsistencies stem from variable fever definitions, and temperature measurement and fever treatment protocols. Additionally, the lack of mechanistic data in clinical studies coupled with preclinical studies showing no harmful effects of moderate bouts of hyperthermia raise concerns about the direct contribution of hyperthermia and fever in post ICH outcome. Overall, the significance of temperature increases after ICH is unclear, making this an important area for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lane J Liddle
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Christine A Dirks
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Frederick Colbourne
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, P217 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada.
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6
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Chen A, Zhu J, Lin Q, Liu W. A Comparative Study of Forehead Temperature and Core Body Temperature under Varying Ambient Temperature Conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15883. [PMID: 36497956 PMCID: PMC9740153 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED When the ambient temperature, in which a person is situated, fluctuates, the body's surface temperature will alter proportionally. However, the body's core temperature will remain relatively steady. Consequently, using body surface temperature to characterize the core body temperature of the human body in varied situations is still highly inaccurate. This research aims to investigate and establish the link between human body surface temperature and core body temperature in a variety of ambient conditions, as well as the associated conversion curves. METHODS Plan an experiment to measure temperature over a thousand times in order to get the corresponding data for human forehead, axillary, and oral temperatures at varying ambient temperatures (14-32 °C). Utilize the axillary and oral temperatures as the core body temperature standards or the control group to investigate the new approach's accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for detecting fever/non-fever conditions and the forehead temperature as the experimental group. Analyze the statistical connection, data correlation, and agreement between the forehead temperature and the core body temperature. RESULTS A total of 1080 tests measuring body temperature were conducted on healthy adults. The average axillary temperature was (36.7 ± 0.41) °C, the average oral temperature was (36.7 ± 0.33) °C, and the average forehead temperature was (36.2 ± 0.30) °C as a result of the shift in ambient temperature. The forehead temperature was 0.5 °C lower than the average of the axillary and oral temperatures. The Pearson correlation coefficient between axillary and oral temperatures was 0.41 (95% CI, 0.28-0.52), between axillary and forehead temperatures was 0.07 (95% CI, -0.07-0.22), and between oral and forehead temperatures was 0.26 (95% CI, 0.11-0.39). The mean differences between the axillary temperature and the oral temperature, the oral temperature and the forehead temperature, and the axillary temperature and the forehead temperature were -0.08 °C, 0.49 °C, and 0.42 °C, respectively, according to a Bland-Altman analysis. Finally, the regression analysis revealed that there was a linear association between the axillary temperature and the forehead temperature, as well as the oral temperature and the forehead temperature due to the change in ambient temperature. CONCLUSION The changes in ambient temperature have a substantial impact on the temperature of the forehead. There are significant differences between the forehead and axillary temperatures, as well as the forehead and oral temperatures, when the ambient temperature is low. As the ambient temperature rises, the forehead temperature tends to progressively converge with the axillary and oral temperatures. In clinical or daily applications, it is not advised to utilize the forehead temperature derived from an uncorrected infrared thermometer as the foundation for a body temperature screening in public venues such as hospital outpatient clinics, shopping malls, airports, and train stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anming Chen
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qunxiong Lin
- Guangdong Public Security Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department, Guangzhou 510050, China
| | - Weiqiang Liu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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7
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Badrou A, Tardif N, Even A, Chaudet P, Lescanne N, Szewczyk J, Gravouil A, Hamila N, Bel-Brunon A. Characterization of Surgical Tools for Specific Endovascular Navigation. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2022; 13:751-763. [PMID: 35237938 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-022-00612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work was to mechanically characterize a specific active guidewire and catheters that are commercially available, for further implementation into numerical simulation of endovascular navigation towards complex targets. METHODS For the guidewire, 3-point bending tests and bending with added masses were used to obtain the Young moduli of its various components. To study its behavior, the guidewire was activated under "ideal" conditions and its performance was investigated. As for the various catheters, they were measured and 3-point bending tests were conducted to determine their mechanical properties. RESULTS & CONCLUSION The Young moduli of the shaft and the distal tip of the guidewire were determined. We defined a suitable current intensity to activate the guidewire related to an optimal curvature. Then, the time of activation/deactivation was measured at 1.7 s. On the flip side, parts of the catheters were considered either elastic or viscoelastic. In all cases, the rigidity gradients along the various catheters were highlighted. The characterization of the aforementioned surgical tools provides the opportunity to simulate the endovascular nagivation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Badrou
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, LaMCoS, UMR5259, 69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - N Tardif
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, LaMCoS, UMR5259, 69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - A Even
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, LaMCoS, UMR5259, 69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - P Chaudet
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, LaMCoS, UMR5259, 69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - N Lescanne
- BaseCamp Vascular (BCV), 75005, Paris, France
| | - J Szewczyk
- BaseCamp Vascular (BCV), 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique, ISIR, ISIR - AGATHE, 75005, Paris, France
| | - A Gravouil
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, LaMCoS, UMR5259, 69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - N Hamila
- Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest, ENIB, UMR CNRS 6027, IRDL, 29200, Brest, France
| | - A Bel-Brunon
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, LaMCoS, UMR5259, 69621, Villeurbanne, France.
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Wang Q, Zhou Y, Ghassemi P, McBride D, Casamento JP, Pfefer TJ. Infrared Thermography for Measuring Elevated Body Temperature: Clinical Accuracy, Calibration, and Evaluation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 22:s22010215. [PMID: 35009758 PMCID: PMC8749858 DOI: 10.3390/s22010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Infrared thermographs (IRTs) implemented according to standardized best practices have shown strong potential for detecting elevated body temperatures (EBT), which may be useful in clinical settings and during infectious disease epidemics. However, optimal IRT calibration methods have not been established and the clinical performance of these devices relative to the more common non-contact infrared thermometers (NCITs) remains unclear. In addition to confirming the findings of our preliminary analysis of clinical study results, the primary intent of this study was to compare methods for IRT calibration and identify best practices for assessing the performance of IRTs intended to detect EBT. A key secondary aim was to compare IRT clinical accuracy to that of NCITs. We performed a clinical thermographic imaging study of more than 1000 subjects, acquiring temperature data from several facial locations that, along with reference oral temperatures, were used to calibrate two IRT systems based on seven different regression methods. Oral temperatures imputed from facial data were used to evaluate IRT clinical accuracy based on metrics such as clinical bias (Δcb), repeatability, root-mean-square difference, and sensitivity/specificity. We proposed several calibration approaches designed to account for the non-uniform data density across the temperature range and a constant offset approach tended to show better ability to detect EBT. As in our prior study, inner canthi or full-face maximum temperatures provided the highest clinical accuracy. With an optimal calibration approach, these methods achieved a Δcb between ±0.03 °C with standard deviation (σΔcb) less than 0.3 °C, and sensitivity/specificity between 84% and 94%. Results of forehead-center measurements with NCITs or IRTs indicated reduced performance. An analysis of the complete clinical data set confirms the essential findings of our preliminary evaluation, with minor differences. Our findings provide novel insights into methods and metrics for the clinical accuracy assessment of IRTs. Furthermore, our results indicate that calibration approaches providing the highest clinical accuracy in the 37-38.5 °C range may be most effective for measuring EBT. While device performance depends on many factors, IRTs can provide superior performance to NCITs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanzeng Wang
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (Y.Z.); (P.G.); (J.P.C.); (T.J.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yangling Zhou
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (Y.Z.); (P.G.); (J.P.C.); (T.J.P.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Pejman Ghassemi
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (Y.Z.); (P.G.); (J.P.C.); (T.J.P.)
| | - David McBride
- University Health Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Jon P. Casamento
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (Y.Z.); (P.G.); (J.P.C.); (T.J.P.)
| | - T. Joshua Pfefer
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (Y.Z.); (P.G.); (J.P.C.); (T.J.P.)
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Lazaro M, Lazaro A, Villarino R, Girbau D. Smart Face Mask with an Integrated Heat Flux Sensor for Fast and Remote People's Healthcare Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:7472. [PMID: 34833547 PMCID: PMC8623048 DOI: 10.3390/s21227472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted a large amount of challenges to address. To combat the spread of the virus, several safety measures, such as wearing face masks, have been taken. Temperature controls at the entrance of public places to prevent the entry of virus carriers have been shown to be inefficient and inaccurate. This paper presents a smart mask that allows to monitor body temperature and breathing rate. Body temperature is measured by a non-invasive dual-heat-flux system, consisting of four sensors separated from each other with an insulating material. Breathing rate is obtained from the temperature changes within the mask, measured with a thermistor located near the nose. The system communicates by means of long-range (LoRa) backscattering, leading to a reduction in average power consumption. It is designed to establish the relative location of the smart mask from the signal received at two LoRa receivers installed inside and outside an access door. Low-cost LoRa transceivers with WiFi capabilities are used in the prototype to collect information and upload it to a server. Accuracy in body temperature measurements is consistent with measurements made with a thermistor located in the armpit. The system allows checking the correct placement of the mask based on the recorded temperatures and the breathing rate measurements. Besides, episodes of cough can be detected by sudden changes in thermistor temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Lazaro
- Department of Electronics, Electrics and Automatic Control Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (M.L.); (R.V.); (D.G.)
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Lee S, Jo K, Jeong HG, Choi YS, Yong HI, Jung S. Understanding protein digestion in infants and the elderly: Current in vitro digestion models. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:975-992. [PMID: 34346822 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1957765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The last decades have witnessed a surge of interest in the fate of dietary proteins during gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. Although several in vitro digestion models are available as alternatives to clinical experiments, most of them focus on the digestive conditions of healthy young adults. This study investigates the static/dynamic models used to simulate digestion in infants and the elderly and considers the related in vivo conditions. The in vitro digestive protocols targeting these two groups are summarized, and the challenges associated with the further development of in vitro digestion models are discussed. Static models rely on several factors (e.g., enzyme concentration, pH, reaction time, and rotation speed) to differentiate digestive conditions depending on age. Dynamic models can more accurately simulate the complex digestion process and allow the inclusion of further parameters (sequential secretion of digestive fluids, gradual changes in pH, peristaltic mixing, GI emptying, and the inoculation of luminal microbiota). In the case of infants, age or growth stage clarification and the differentiation of digestive protocols between full-term and preterm infants are required, whereas protocols dealing with various health statuses are required in the case of the elderly, as this group is prone to oral cavity and GI function deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonmin Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jo
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gyung Jeong
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Choi
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae In Yong
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Samooel Jung
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Liu Y, Liu C, Gao M, Wang Y, Bai Y, Xu R, Gong R. Evaluation of a wearable wireless device with artificial intelligence, iThermonitor WT705, for continuous temperature monitoring for patients in surgical wards: a prospective comparative study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e039474. [PMID: 33208327 PMCID: PMC7677341 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate a new-generation, non-invasive, wireless axillary thermometer with artificial intelligence, iThermonitor (WT705, Raiing Medical, Beijing, China), and to ascertain its feasibility for perioperative continuous body temperature monitoring in surgical patients. SETTING Departments of Biliary Surgery and Operating Room and the post-anaesthesia care unit of a university teaching hospital in Chengdu, China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 526 adult surgical patients were consecutively enrolled. DESIGN This was a prospective observational study. Axillary temperatures were continuously recorded with iThermonitor throughout the whole perioperative period. The temperatures of the contralateral armpit were measured with mercury thermometers at 8:00, 12:00, 16:00 and 20:00 every day and were used as references. OUTCOME MEASURES The outcomes were the accuracy and precision of the temperatures measured with iThermonitor, the validity to detect fever and the feasibility of continuous wear. Pairs of temperatures were evaluated with Student's t-test, Pearson's correlation and repeated-measures Bland-Altman plot. RESULTS A total of 3621 pairs of body temperatures were obtained. The temperatures measured with iThermonitor agreed with those measured with the mercury thermometers overall, with a mean difference of 0.03°C±0.35°C and a moderate correlation (r=0.755, p<0.001). The 95% limits of agreement (LoA) ranged from -0.63°C to 0.73°C, with 5.11% of the differences outside the 95% LoA. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.753. Continuous temperature monitoring captured more fevers than intermittent observation (117/526 vs 91/526, p<0.001), detected fever up to 4.35 hours earlier, and captured a higher peak temperature (0.29°C±0.27°C, 95% CI: 0.26-0.31). All subjects felt that wearing iThermonitor was more or less comfortable and did not affect their daily activities. CONCLUSIONS iThermonitor is promising for continuous remote temperature monitoring in surgical patients. However, further developments are still needed to improve the precision of this device, especially for temperature detection in underweight patients and those with lower body temperature. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR1900024549; Results (registered on 5 July 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Liu
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R.China
| | - Changqing Liu
- Operating Room of Anesthesia Surgery Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R.China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangjing Bai
- Department of Cardiac and Macrovascular Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruihua Xu
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renrong Gong
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R.China
- Department of Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R.China
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Harding C, Pompei F, Bordonaro SF, McGillicuddy DC, Burmistrov D, Sanchez LD. Fever Incidence Is Much Lower in the Morning than the Evening: Boston and US National Triage Data. West J Emerg Med 2020; 21:909-917. [PMID: 32726264 PMCID: PMC7390559 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2020.3.45215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this observational study, we evaluated time-of-day variation in the incidence of fever that is seen at triage. The observed incidence of fever could change greatly over the day because body temperatures generally rise and fall in a daily cycle, yet fever is identified using a temperature threshold that is unchanging, such as ≥38.0° Celsius (C) (≥100.4° Fahrenheit [F]). METHODS We analyzed 93,225 triage temperature measurements from a Boston emergency department (ED) (2009-2012) and 264,617 triage temperature measurements from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS, 2002-2010), making this the largest study of body temperature since the mid-1800s. Boston data were investigated exploratorily, while NHAMCS was used to corroborate Boston findings and check whether they generalized. NHAMCS results are nationally representative of United States EDs. Analyses focused on adults. RESULTS In the Boston ED, the proportion of patients with triage temperatures in the fever range (≥38.0°C, ≥100.4°F) increased 2.5-fold from morning to evening (7:00-8:59 PM vs 7:00-8:59 AM: risk ratio [RR] 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0-3.3). Similar time-of-day changes were observed when investigating alternative definitions of fever: temperatures ≥39.0°C (≥102.2°F) and ≥40.0°C (≥104.0°F) increased 2.4- and 3.6-fold from morning to evening (7:00-8:59 PM vs 7:00-8:59 AM: RRs [95% CIs] 2.4 [1.5-4.3] and 3.6 [1.5-17.7], respectively). Analyses of adult NHAMCS patients provided confirmation, showing mostly similar increases for the same fever definitions and times of day (RRs [95% CIs] 1.8 [1.6-2.1], 1.9 [1.4-2.5], and 2.8 [0.8-9.3], respectively), including after adjusting for 12 potential confounders using multivariable regression (adjusted RRs [95% CIs] 1.8 [1.5-2.1], 1.8 [1.3-2.4], and 2.7 [0.8-9.2], respectively), in age-group analyses (18-64 vs 65+ years), and in several sensitivity analyses. The patterns observed for fever mirror the circadian rhythm of body temperature, which reaches its highest and lowest points at similar times. CONCLUSION Fever incidence is lower at morning triages than at evening triages. High fevers are especially rare at morning triage and may warrant special consideration for this reason. Studies should examine whether fever-causing diseases are missed or underappreciated during mornings, especially for sepsis cases and during screenings for infectious disease outbreaks. The daily cycling of fever incidence may result from the circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel C McGillicuddy
- Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,University of Michigan, Department of Emergency Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Leon D Sanchez
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Bian D, Qin L, Lin W, Shen D, Qi H, Shi X, Zhang G, Liu H, Yang H, Wang J, Zhang D, Zheng Y. Magnetic resonance (MR) safety and compatibility of a novel iron bioresorbable scaffold. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:260-274. [PMID: 32128465 PMCID: PMC7044471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fully bioresorbable scaffolds have been designed to overcome the limitations of traditional drug-eluting stents (DESs), which permanently cage the native vessel wall and pose possible complications. The ultrathin-strut designed sirolimus-eluting iron bioresorbable coronary scaffold system (IBS) shows comparable mechanical properties to traditional DESs and exhibits an adaptive degradation profile during target vessel healing, which makes it a promising candidate in all-comers patient population. For implanted medical devices, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging properties, including MR safety and compatibility, should be evaluated before its clinical use, especially for devices with intrinsic ferromagnetism. In this study, MR safety and compatibility of the IBS scaffold were evaluated based on a series of well-designed in-vitro, ex-vivo and in-vivo experiments, considering possible risks, including scaffold movement, over-heating, image artifact, and possible vessel injury, under typical MR condition. Traditional ASTM standards for MR safety and compatibility evaluation of intravascular devices were referred, but not only limited to that. The unique time-relevant MR properties of bioresorbable scaffolds were also discussed. Possible forces imposed on the scaffold during MR scanning and MR image artifacts gradually decreased along with scaffold degradation/absorption. Rigorous experiments designed based on a scientifically based rationale revealed that the IBS scaffold is MR conditional, though not MR compatible before complete absorption. The methodology used in the present study can give insight into the MR evaluation of magnetic scaffolds (bioresorbable) or stents (permanent).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Bian
- Biotyx Medical (Shenzhen) Co.,Ltd, Shenzhen, 518110, Guangdong, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Li Qin
- Biotyx Medical (Shenzhen) Co.,Ltd, Shenzhen, 518110, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjiao Lin
- Biotyx Medical (Shenzhen) Co.,Ltd, Shenzhen, 518110, Guangdong, China
| | - Danni Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haiping Qi
- Biotyx Medical (Shenzhen) Co.,Ltd, Shenzhen, 518110, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- Key Lab. of Advanced Technology for Materials of Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Gui Zhang
- Shenzhen Advanced Medical Services Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Shen Zhen Testing Center of Medical Devices, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Yang
- Shen Zhen Testing Center of Medical Devices, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Lab. of Advanced Technology for Materials of Education Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Deyuan Zhang
- Biotyx Medical (Shenzhen) Co.,Ltd, Shenzhen, 518110, Guangdong, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Geneva II, Cuzzo B, Fazili T, Javaid W. Normal Body Temperature: A Systematic Review. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz032. [PMID: 30976605 PMCID: PMC6456186 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PubMed was searched from 1935 to December 2017 with a variety of search phrases among article titles. The references of the identified manuscripts were then manually searched. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) the paper presented data on measured normal body temperature of healthy human subjects ages 18 and older, (2) a prospective design was used, and (3) the paper was written in or translated into the English language. Thirty-six articles met the inclusion criteria. This comprised 9227 measurement sites from 7636 subjects. The calculated ranges (mean ± 2 standard deviations) were 36.32-37.76 (rectal), 35.76-37.52 (tympanic), 35.61-37.61 (urine), 35.73-37.41 (oral), and 35.01-36.93 (axillary). Older adults (age ≥60) had lower temperature than younger adults (age <60) by 0.23°C, on average. There was only insignificant gender difference. Compared with the currently established reference point for normothermia of 36.8°C, our means are slightly lower but the difference likely has no physiological importance. We conclude that the most important patient factors remain site of measurement and patient's age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivayla I Geneva
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Brian Cuzzo
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Tasaduq Fazili
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Waleed Javaid
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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Zsuzsanna Balla H, Theodorsson E, Ström JO. Evaluation of commercial, wireless dermal thermometers for surrogate measurements of core temperature. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2019; 79:1-6. [PMID: 30882250 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2018.1519722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research has been devoted to developing methods for assessing core body temperature, and to determine which method is most accurate. A number of wireless dermal thermometers for home use are presently available, but their relation to core body temperature and suitability for use in clinical research has hitherto not been assessed. The current study aimed to evaluate such thermometers by comparing them to the results of a rectal thermometer. Four wireless dermal thermometers for home use (FeverSmart, iThermonitor, Quest Temp Sitter, and Thermochron iButton) were applied to 15 patients during 24 h, and rectal temperature was measured at four occasions. Pearson correlation revealed moderate correlation for the Feversmart (r = 0.75), iThermonitor (r = 0.79), and Thermochron iButton (r = 0.71) systems. The Quest Temp Sitter system malfunctioned repeatedly, and the correlation (r = 0.29) for this method should therefore be assessed with caution. All dermal thermometers rendered lower average temperatures than Terumo c405 (Feversmart -0.70 ± 0.65 °C; iThermonitor -0.77 ± 0.53 °C, Quest Temp Sitter -1.18 ± 0.66 °C, and Thermochron iButton -0.87 ± 0.65 °C). Sensitivity of the dermal thermometers for detecting core temperatures ≥38.0 °C was low, ranging from 0.33 to 0.6, but improved to 0.60 to 0.80 after adjusting temperatures by the methods' average deviation from rectal temperature. The results from the dermal thermometers tested here showed an insufficient correlation to core temperature to be used for core temperature monitoring in clinical research and practice. Unfortunately, other options for non-invasive temperature measurements are few. The two thermometers with the least unsatisfactory performance profile in our evaluations were the Feversmart and iThermonitor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajnal Zsuzsanna Balla
- a Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine and Health , Örebro University , Örebro , Sweden
| | - Elvar Theodorsson
- b Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jakob O Ström
- a Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine and Health , Örebro University , Örebro , Sweden.,b Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping, Sweden
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Carl F, Doll C, Voss JO, Neumann K, Koerdt S, Adolphs N, Nahles S, Heiland M, Raguse JD. Following in the footsteps of Hippocrates-interrelation between the incidence of odontogenic abscess and meteorological parameters. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:3865-3870. [PMID: 30673865 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02816-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although many physicians in daily practice assume a connection between odontogenic infections and meteorological parameters, this has not yet been scientifically proven. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of odontogenic abscess (OA) in relation to outdoor temperature and atmospheric pressure. PATIENTS AND METHODS An analysis of patients with an odontogenic abscess who presented at the emergency department within a period of 24 months was performed. Only patients who had not received surgical or antibiotic treatment prior to presentation and who lived in Berlin/Brandenburg were included. The OA incidence was correlated with the mean/maximum outdoor temperature and atmospheric pressure starting from 14 days before presentation. The statistical analysis was carried out using Poisson regression models with OA incidence as dependent and meteorological parameters as independent variables. RESULTS A total of 535 patients (mean age 39.4 years; range 1 to 95 years) with 538 cases were included. Of these, 227 were hospitalized. The most frequent diagnosis was a canine fossa abscess. A significant association between mean (p = 0.0153) and maximum temperature (p = 0.008) on the day of the presentation and abscess incidence was observed. Furthermore, a significant correlation between OA incidence and maximum temperature 2 days before presentation was found (p = 0.034). The deviation of the mean temperature on the day of the presentation from the monthly mean temperature had a significant influence (p = 0.021) on the incidence of OA. In contrast to temperature, atmospheric pressure had no significant influence on the incidence of OA. CONCLUSION This study supports a relationship between the incidence of odontogenic abscess and outdoor temperature, but not atmospheric pressure. A significantly higher frequency of patients with an OA presented at our emergency department on days with (comparably) low and high outdoor temperatures. Furthermore, a significant correlation between incidence and maximum temperature 2 days before presentation was found. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The treatment of odontogenic infections has become a significant economic burden to public health care facilities. The results of this study may help to adapt the numbers of doctors/dentists on duty in relation to different weather conditions. In any case, it is an impetus to think outside the box.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Carl
- Department of Radiology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Doll
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jan Oliver Voss
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konrad Neumann
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Koerdt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolai Adolphs
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Nahles
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Heiland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan-Dirk Raguse
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Odontogenic Abscess-Related Emergency Hospital Admissions: A Retrospective Data Analysis of 120 Children and Young People Requiring Surgical Drainage. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3504727. [PMID: 30225250 PMCID: PMC6129354 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3504727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Even today, despite medical progress and intensive health education, odontogenic infections leading to surgical intervention and hospitalization are common in children and young people. The aim of this study was to give a detailed overview of clinical and economic data on children and young people treated and hospitalized due to an odontogenic abscess at a tertiary university hospital. Methods A single-center retrospective analysis of patients under the age of 18 years who were hospitalized and surgically treated under local or general anesthesia for an odontogenic abscess during a period of 24 months was performed. Results A total of 120 patients (77 males; 43 females) within the observation period of 2 years were included. The mean age was 6.3 years (ranging from 1 to 17 years). The most frequent diagnosis was a canine fossa abscess (n = 52; 43.3%) and the left primary maxillary first molar could be identified as the most frequent source of infection. The average length of hospital stay was 1.82 days (ranging from 0 to 8 days). The duration was significantly correlated with the kind of abscess diagnosed (p < 0.001) and the duration of the surgical intervention in patients who were treated under general anesthesia (rho = 0.259, p = 0.005). A statistically significant relationship was observed between the kind of abscess and cost (p < 0.001). Conclusion The length of hospital stay was significantly correlated with the kind of abscess diagnosed. The left primary maxillary first molar could be identified as the most frequent source of infection. A statistically significant relationship was observed between the kind of abscess and cost.
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Abstract
The thermoregulatory functions may vary with age. Thermosensitivity is active in neonates and children; both heat production and heat loss effector mechanisms are functional but easily exhaustable. Proportional and lasting defense against thermal challenges is difficult, and both hypothermia and hyperthermia may easily develop. Febrile or hypothermic responses to infections or endotoxin can also develop, together with confusion. In small children febrile convulsions may be dangerous. In old age the resting body temperature may be lower than in young adults. Further, thermosensitivity decreases, the thresholds for activating skin vasomotor and evaporative responses or metabolism are shifted, and responses to thermal challenges are delayed or insufficient: both hypothermia and hyperthermia may develop easily. Infection-induced fevers are often limited or absent, or replaced by hypothermia. Various types of brain damage may induce special forms of hypothermia, hyperthermia, or severe fever. Impaired mental state often accompanies hypothermia and hyperthermia, and may occasionally be a dominant feature of infection (instead of the most commonly observed fever). Aging brings about a turning point in women's life: the menopause. The well-known influence of regular hormonal cycles on the thermoregulation of a woman of fertile age gives way to menopausal hot flushes caused by estrogen withdrawal. Not all details of this thermoregulatory anomaly are fully understood yet.
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Brown RF, Thorsteinsson EB, Smithson M, Birmingham CL, Aljarallah H, Nolan C. Can body temperature dysregulation explain the co-occurrence between overweight/obesity, sleep impairment, late-night eating, and a sedentary lifestyle? Eat Weight Disord 2017; 22:599-608. [PMID: 28929462 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Overweight/obesity, sleep disturbance, night eating, and a sedentary lifestyle are common co-occurring problems. There is a tendency for them to co-occur together more often than they occur alone. In some cases, there is clarity as to the time course and evolution of the phenomena. However, specific mechanism(s) that are proposed to explain a single co-occurrence cannot fully explain the more generalized tendency to develop concurrent symptoms and/or disorders after developing one of the phenomena. Nor is there a clinical theory with any utility in explaining the development of co-occurring symptoms, disorders and behaviour and the mechanism(s) by which they occur. Thus, we propose a specific mechanism-dysregulation of core body temperature (CBT) that interferes with sleep onset-to explain the development of the concurrences. METHODS A detailed review of the literature related to CBT and the phenomena that can alter CBT or are altered by CBT is provided. RESULTS Overweight/obesity, sleep disturbance and certain behaviour (e.g. late-night eating, sedentarism) were linked to elevated CBT, especially an elevated nocturnal CBT. A number of existing therapies including drugs (e.g. antidepressants), behavioural therapies (e.g. sleep restriction therapy) and bright light therapy can also reduce CBT. CONCLUSIONS An elevation in nocturnal CBT that interferes with sleep onset can parsimoniously explain the development and perpetuation of common co-occurring symptoms, disorders and behaviour including overweight/obesity, sleep disturbance, late-night eating, and sedentarism. Nonetheless, a significant correlation between CBT and the above symptoms, disorders and behaviour does not necessarily imply causation. Thus, statistical and methodological issues of relevance to this enquiry are discussed including the likely presence of autocorrelation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, narrative review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Einar B Thorsteinsson
- School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
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Maudsley AA, Goryawala MZ, Sheriff S. Effects of tissue susceptibility on brain temperature mapping. Neuroimage 2016; 146:1093-1101. [PMID: 27693198 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A method for mapping of temperature over a large volume of the brain using volumetric proton MR spectroscopic imaging has been implemented and applied to 150 normal subjects. Magnetic susceptibility-induced frequency shifts in gray- and white-matter regions were measured and included as a correction in the temperature mapping calculation. Additional sources of magnetic susceptibility variations of the individual metabolite resonance frequencies were also observed that reflect the cellular-level organization of the brain metabolites, with the most notable differences being attributed to changes of the N-Acetylaspartate resonance frequency that reflect the intra-axonal distribution and orientation of the white-matter tracts with respect to the applied magnetic field. These metabolite-specific susceptibility effects are also shown to change with age. Results indicate no change of apparent brain temperature with age from 18 to 84 years old, with a trend for increased brain temperature throughout the cerebrum in females relative for males on the order of 0.1°C; slightly increased temperatures in the left hemisphere relative to the right; and a lower temperature of 0.3°C in the cerebellum relative to that of cerebral white-matter. This study presents a novel acquisition method for noninvasive measurement of brain temperature that is of potential value for diagnostic purposes and treatment monitoring, while also demonstrating limitations of the measurement due to the confounding effects of tissue susceptibility variations.
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Bilgili M, Simsek E, Sahin B, Yasar A, Ozbek A. Estimation of human heat loss in five Mediterranean regions. Physiol Behav 2015; 149:61-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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de Aguiar Cordeiro R, Serpa R, Flávia Uchoa Alexandre C, de Farias Marques FJ, Vladia Silva de Melo C, da Silva Franco J, José de Jesus Evangelista A, Pires de Camargo Z, Samia Nogueira Brilhante R, Fabio Gadelha Rocha M, Luciano Bezerra Moreira J, de Jesus Pinheiro Gomes Bandeira T, Júlio Costa Sidrim J. Trichosporon inkin biofilms produce extracellular proteases and exhibit resistance to antifungals. J Med Microbiol 2015; 64:1277-1286. [PMID: 26310576 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine experimental conditions for in vitro biofilm formation of clinical isolates of Trichosporon inkin, an important opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients. Biofilms were formed in microtitre plates in three different media (RPMI, Sabouraud and CLED), with inocula of 104, 105 or 106 cells ml- 1, at pH 5.5 and 7.0, and at 35 and 28 °C, under static and shaking conditions for 72 h. Growth kinetics of biofilms were evaluated at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h. Biofilm milieu analysis were assessed by counting viable cells and quantification of nucleic acids released into biofilm supernatants. Biofilms were also analysed for proteolytic activity and antifungal resistance against amphotericin B, caspofungin, fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole. Finally, ultrastructural characterization of biofilms formed in microtitre plates and catheter disks was performed by scanning electron microscopy. Greater biofilm formation was observed with a starter inoculum of 106 cells ml- 1, at pH 7.0 at 35 °C and 80 r.p.m., in both RPMI and Sabouraud media. Growth kinetics showed an increase in both viable cells and biomass with increasing incubation time, with maximum production at 48 h. Biofilms were able to disperse viable cells and nucleic acids into the supernatant throughout the developmental cycle. T. inkin biofilms produced more protease than planktonic cells and showed high tolerance to amphotericin B, caspofungin and azole derivatives. Mature biofilms were formed by different morphotypes, such as blastoconidia, arthroconidia and hyphae, in a strain-specific manner. The present article details the multicellular lifestyle of T. inkin and provides perspectives for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosana Serpa
- Medical Mycology Specialized Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Fabio Gadelha Rocha
- Medical Mycology Specialized Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
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Thompson CL, Williams SH, Glander KE, Teaford MF, Vinyard CJ. Body temperature and thermal environment in a generalized arboreal anthropoid, wild mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 154:1-10. [PMID: 24610247 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Free-ranging primates are confronted with the challenge of maintaining an optimal range of body temperatures within a thermally dynamic environment that changes daily, seasonally, and annually. While many laboratory studies have been conducted on primate thermoregulation, we know comparatively little about the thermal pressures primates face in their natural, evolutionarily relevant environment. Such knowledge is critical to understanding the evolution of thermal adaptations in primates and for comparative evaluation of humans' unique thermal adaptations. We examined temperature and thermal environment in free-ranging, mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in a tropical dry forest in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. We recorded subcutaneous (Tsc ) and near-animal ambient temperatures (Ta ) from 11 animals over 1586.5 sample hours during wet and dry seasons. Howlers displayed considerable variation in Tsc , which was largely attributable to circadian effects. Despite significant seasonal changes in the ambient thermal environment, howlers showed relatively little evidence for seasonal changes in Tsc . Howlers experienced warm thermal conditions which led to body cooling relative to the environment, and plateaus in Tsc at increasingly warm Ta . They also frequently faced cool thermal conditions (Ta < Tsc ) in which Tsc was markedly elevated compared with Ta . These data add to a growing body of evidence that non-human primates have more labile body temperatures than humans. Our data additionally support a hypothesis that, despite inhabiting a dry tropical environment, howling monkeys experience both warm and cool thermal pressures. This suggests that thermal challenges may be more prevalent for primates than previously thought, even for species living in nonextreme thermal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI
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Effect of age on febrile response in patients with healthcare-associated bloodstream infection. Geriatr Nurs 2013; 34:366-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Basak T, Aciksoz S, Tosun B, Akyuz A, Acikel C. Comparison of three different thermometers in evaluating the body temperature of healthy young adult individuals. Int J Nurs Pract 2013; 19:471-8. [PMID: 24093738 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the measurement values obtained with a non-contact infrared thermometer, a tympanic thermometer and a chemical dot thermometer. The research population was composed of students studying in two departments of a university in Ankara. A total of 452 students who fit the inclusion criteria of the study and volunteered to participate were included in the sample. Body temperature measurements with different thermometers were performed by the same researcher at the same room temperature. Data were analyzed in a computerized environment by SPSS 15.0 statistical program pack and Bland-Altman graph. Mean age of healthy young adults participating in the study was 19.66 ± 0.94, and 55.1% of them were female. The agreement limits for non-contact infrared and chemical dot was between -1.30 and 0.32°C; for non-contact infrared and tympanic was between -1.26 and 0.13°C; and for chemical dot and tympanic -0.89 and 0.74°C. It was determined that, although the measurement values of the tympanic membrane and chemical dot thermometers conformed with each other, the conformity of the non-contact infrared thermometer was weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulay Basak
- Gulhane Military Medical Academy, School of Nursing, Ankara, Turkey
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Usvyat LA, Raimann JG, Carter M, van der Sande FM, Kooman JP, Kotanko P, Levin NW. Relation between trends in body temperature and outcome in incident hemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27:3255-63. [PMID: 22565058 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various biochemical and physiological variables are related to outcome in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, the prognostic implications of trends in body temperature (BT) in this population have not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between trends in BT and outcome in incident HD patients. METHODS Six thousand seven hundred and forty-two incident HD patients without thyroid disease from the Renal Research Institute were followed for 1 year. Patients were divided into tertiles of initial pre-dialysis BT (Tertile 1: ≤ 36.47°C, Tertile 2: > 36.47 to 36.71°C and Tertile 3: > 36.7°C) and further classified according to the change in BT (increased: > 0.01°C/month, decreased: less than -0.01°C/month and stable, with change between - 0.01 and + 0.01°C/month) during the first year of treatment. The reference group is Tertile 2 of initial temperature with stable BT. Cox regression was used for survival analyses. Analyses were repeated for patients who survived the first year and were treated for ≥ 1 month in Year 2. RESULTS BT decreased in 2903 patients, remained stable in 2238 patients and increased in 1601 patients. After adjustment for multiple risk factors, hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality were higher for those groups in whom, irrespective of the initial BT, BT increased or declined, as compared to the reference group during follow-up (HR between 1.46 and 2.27). CONCLUSIONS The best survival was observed in the group with the highest BT at baseline and stable BT during the follow-up period (HR 0.50).
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Kokolus KM, Hong CC, Repasky EA. Feeling too hot or cold after breast cancer: is it just a nuisance or a potentially important prognostic factor? Int J Hyperthermia 2010; 26:662-80. [PMID: 20849261 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2010.507235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is widespread recognition among both patients and caregivers that breast cancer patients often experience debilitating deficiencies in their ability to achieve thermal comfort, feeling excessively hot or cold under circumstances when others are comfortable. However, this symptom receives little clinical or scientific attention beyond identification and testing of drugs that minimise menopausal-like symptoms. Could some of these symptoms represent an important prognostic signal? Could thermal discomfort be among other cytokine-driven sickness behaviour symptoms seen in many breast cancer patients? While the literature reveals a strong link between treatment for breast cancer and some menopausal vasomotor symptoms (e.g. hot flashes also known as "hot flushes"), there is little data on quantitative assessment of severity of different types of symptoms and their possible prognostic potential. However, recent, intriguing studies indicating a correlation between the presence of hot flashes and reduced development of breast cancer recurrence strongly suggests that more study on this topic is needed. In comparison to reports on the phenomenon of breast cancer-associated hot flashes, there is essentially no scientific study on the large number of women who report feeling excessively cold after breast cancer treatment. Since similar acquired thermal discomfort symptoms can occur in patients with cancers other than breast cancer, there may be as yet unidentified cancer- or treatment-driven factor related to temperature dysregulation. In general, there is surprisingly little information on the physiological relationship between body temperature regulation, vasomotor symptoms, and cancer growth and progression. The goal of this article is twofold: (1) to review the scientific literature regarding acquired deficits in thermoregulation among breast cancer survivors and (2) to propose some speculative ideas regarding the possible basis for thermal discomfort among some of these women. Specifically, we suggest a potential association with excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine activity, similar to other cytokine-driven symptoms experienced after breast cancer, including fatigue and depression. We highlight the similarity of some breast cancer-associated thermal discomfort symptoms to those which occur during fever, suggesting the possibility that there may be common underlying changes in pro-inflammatory cytokine activity in both conditions. We anticipate that this contribution will stimulate additional scientific interest among researchers in identifying potential mechanisms and prognostic significance of this under-studied aspect of breast cancer biology and survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Kokolus
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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Rubia-Rubia J, Arias A, Sierra A, Aguirre-Jaime A. Measurement of body temperature in adult patients: comparative study of accuracy, reliability and validity of different devices. Int J Nurs Stud 2010; 48:872-80. [PMID: 21145551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We compared a range of alternative devices with core body temperature measured at the pulmonary artery to identify the most valid and reliable instrument for measuring temperature in routine conditions in health services. METHODS 201 patients from the intensive care unit of the Candelaria University Hospital, Canary Islands, admitted to hospital between April 2006 and July 2007. All patients (or their families) gave informed consent. Readings from gallium-in-glass, reactive strip and digital in axilla, infra-red ear and frontal thermometers were compared with the pulmonary artery core temperature simultaneously. External factors suspected of having an influence on the differences were explored. The cut-off point readings for each thermometer were fixed for the maximum negative predictive value in comparison with the core temperature. The validity, reliability, accuracy, external influence, the waste they generated, ease of use, speed, durability, security, comfort and cost of each thermometer was evaluated. An ad hoc overall valuation score was obtained from these parameters for each instrument. RESULTS For an error of ± 0.2°C and concordance with respect to fever, the gallium-in-glass thermometer gave the best results. The largest area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is obtained by the digital axillar thermometer with probe (0.988 ± 0.007). The minimum difference between readings was given by the infrared ear thermometer, in comparison with the core temperature (-0.1 ± 0.3°C). Age, weight, level of conscience, male sex, environmental temperature and vaso-constrictor medication increases the difference in the readings and fever treatment reduces it, although this is not the same for all thermometers. The compact digital axillar thermometer and the digital thermometer with probe obtained the highest overall valuation score. CONCLUSION If we only evaluate the aspects of validity, reliability, accuracy and external influence, the best thermometer would be the gallium-in-glass after 12 min. The gallium-in-glass thermometer is less accurate after only 5 min in comparison with the reading taken after being placed for 12 min. If we add the evaluation of waste production, ease-of-use, speed, durability, security, patient comfort and costs, the thermometers that obtain the highest score are the compact digital and digital with probe in right axilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rubia-Rubia
- Nuestra Señora de Candelaria Nursing University School, Carretera del Rosario, 145, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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Weinert D. Circadian temperature variation and ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2010; 9:51-60. [PMID: 19619672 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper, an attempt is made to summarize current knowledge concerning the daily body temperature rhythm and its age-dependent alterations. Homeostatic and circadian control mechanisms are considered. Special attention is paid to the circadian system, as the mechanisms of autonomic control are the topic of another contribution to this special issue. Also, the interactions of the core body temperature rhythm with other circadian functions are discussed in detail as they constitute an essential part of the internal temporal order of living systems and thus guarantee their optimal functioning. In the second part of the paper, age-dependent changes in the circadian body temperature rhythm and their putative causes, considering circadian and homeostatic components, are described. Consequences for health and fitness and some possibilities to prevent adverse effect are mentioned in the final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Weinert
- Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Domplatz 4, D-06108 Halle, Germany.
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P. A. HANCOCK. The effect of age and sex on the perception of time in life. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2010; 123:1-13. [DOI: 10.5406/amerjpsyc.123.1.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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