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Kishimoto K, Asano K. The relationships among factors affecting compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and burnout in Japanese nurses: A cross-sectional study. Jpn J Nurs Sci 2024:e12617. [PMID: 39148343 DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the relationships among factors affecting compassion fatigue/secondary traumatic stress, burnout, and compassion satisfaction in Japanese nurses, focusing on self-compassion, fears of compassion, and attachment styles. METHODS This cross-sectional observational study enrolled 400 clinical nurses (aged ≥20 years) in Japan, registered with an online survey company, from June 6 to June 26, 2021. The subjects completed a web-based questionnaire that assessed compassion fatigue/secondary traumatic stress, burnout, compassion satisfaction, self-compassion, fears of compassion for self, anxiety, and avoidance. Additionally, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and path analysis were performed to examine the relationships among the influencing factors. RESULTS Compassion fatigue/secondary traumatic stress was influenced by anxiety and fears of compassion for self (R2 = .31). Burnout was affected by compassion fatigue/secondary traumatic stress, compassion satisfaction, self-compassion, anxiety, and avoidance (R2 = .63). Compassion satisfaction was impacted by self-compassion, anxiety, and fears of compassion for self (R2 = .31). Additionally, self-compassion (R2 = .28) and fears of compassion for self (R2 = .55) were influenced by anxiety and avoidance. CONCLUSIONS Compassion fatigue/secondary traumatic stress leads to burnout, whereas compassion satisfaction moderates burnout. Furthermore, there were associations among the factors leading to compassion fatigue/secondary traumatic stress and burnout and compassion satisfaction. Therefore, an approach that enhances self-compassion and promotes the development of a stable attachment style could mitigate compassion fatigue/secondary traumatic stress and fears of compassion for self while moderately maintaining and improving compassion satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Kishimoto
- Division of Nursing, Faculty of Humancare, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Asano
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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van den Berg NM, Paans W, Schroevers MJ, van der Wal-Huisman H, van Leeuwen BL. Does a participatory live music practice support nurses to deliver compassionate care to hospitalised patients? A qualitative study. J Clin Nurs 2024; 33:3684-3699. [PMID: 38764215 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.17213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM To gain more insight into how nurses experience a participatory live music practice in relation to their ability to deliver compassionate care to medically hospitalised patients. DESIGN Qualitative interpretive design. METHODS Sixteen nurses participating in a live music practice with patients were interviewed using in-depth interviews with open-ended questions. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and subsequently coded. Theory-driven inductive and deductive approaches were applied in thematic data analysis. RESULTS We identified four themes: (1) Nurses' empathy and compassion; (2) The caring nurse-patient relationship; (3) Person-centred approaches to care and (4) Nurses' subjective wellbeing. By observing patients' reactions to the music, nurses described that they obtained a deeper insight and understanding of patients' emotional wellbeing. These observations led to increased feelings of compassion in patient contact and stimulated informal communication between nurses and patients through a sense of shared humanity. According to nurses, these aspects positively affected collaboration with patients in delivering care and stimulated them to pursue person-centred approaches to care. Participating in the live music practice also positively affected nurses' wellbeing, enhanced relaxation and created an ambiance in which compassion could be expressed. CONCLUSION A live music practice can positively contribute to the delivery of compassionate care by providing meaningful shared moments that increase feelings of empathy and compassion and strengthen the caring relationship. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION Offering a live music practice at the ward and bedside offers a unique possibility to enhance engagement in person-centred, compassionate care. IMPACT While compassion and compassionate care are essential component of nursing, nurses often experience multiple barriers to its provision in daily practice. An innovative way to stimulate compassionate care is through the participation of nurses and patients in a live music practice, providing a meaningful moment shared between them. This stimulates feelings of shared humanity and bonding in the caring relationship. REPORTING METHOD The COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research (COREQ). No Patient or Public Contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M van den Berg
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wolter Paans
- Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maya J Schroevers
- Department of Health Sciences, Section Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke van der Wal-Huisman
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara L van Leeuwen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Liu C, Zhou Y, Luo Q, Song L, Xiao J, Tan W, Miao C, Smith GD. A network analysis of self-compassion and burnout in a sample of nurses. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 39003640 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the nursing profession, the concept of self-compassion has been associated with burnout. However, to date, the fine-grained relationships between different dimensions of self-compassion and symptoms of burnout have not been investigated. Network analysis provides a new avenue for exploring the fine-grained correlation paths of two related variables. AIM To analyse the nuanced associations between self-compassion and burnout using network analysis in a large cohort of Chinese nurses. DESIGN A cross-sectional multi-centre survey design study. METHODS Participants were recruited from 30 hospitals in China between April and May 2022. These nurses completed the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (C-MBI-GS) and Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF). Network analysis was performed to illustrate the complex nuanced relationships between self-compassion and burnout. RESULTS A total of 1467 nurses (age 32.2 [18-56] years; 89.9% were female) participated in the study. Nodes Mindfulness and Isolation had the highest centralities measured by strength. Nodes Mindfulness, reduced personal accomplishment and Isolation were the most negative and positive influential nodes that bridged self-compassion and burnout. There were no differences in terms of gender, age, professional title and job tenure in the structure or connectivity of the self-compassion and burnout network. CONCLUSION Different components of self-compassion were specifically associated with different dimensions of burnout in registered nurses. Among these, Mindfulness, Isolation and Reduced personal accomplishment were the three most important components of self-compassion for burnout symptoms. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution. IMPACT Understanding the intricate connections between self-compassion and burnout will allow hospital administrators to prioritize the elements of Mindfulness and Isolation within self-compassion and the dimension of Reduced personal accomplishment within burnout when designing preventative measures and interventions aimed at reducing nurse burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqin Liu
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Luo
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liqin Song
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - JiaJian Xiao
- Finance Division of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenying Tan
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuyuan Miao
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Graeme Drummond Smith
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Kim HY, Jun WH. The Mediating Effect of Professional Values on the Relationship Between Self-Leadership and Compassion Competence of Community Mental Health Nurses. West J Nurs Res 2024; 46:501-508. [PMID: 38804634 DOI: 10.1177/01939459241253535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compassion competence is a core nursing skill that is significant in understanding and alleviating the physical and mental distress of individuals. Self-leadership and nursing professional values are also reported as important factors in improving the clinical care practices of nurses and may have a positive effect on improving the compassion competence of nurses. However, there are few studies examining the relationship between these variables in community mental health nurses. AIM This study investigated the mediating effect of professional values on the relationship between self-leadership and compassion competence of community mental health nurses. METHODS A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted with 121 community mental health nurses from 30 mental health welfare centers in South Korea. Participants completed self-report scales on self-leadership, nursing professional values, and compassion competence. Baron and Kenny's regression method and the Sobel test revealed significant mediating effects of nursing professional values on the relationship between self-leadership and compassion competence. FINDINGS Participants' mean compassion competence scores were 3.57 (SD = 0.45) on a 5-point scale. Compassion competence positively correlated with self-leadership (r = 0.67, P < .001) and nursing professional values (r = 0.60, P < .001). Nursing professional values played a partial mediating role in the relationship between self-leadership and compassion competence (Z = 3.23, P = .001). CONCLUSION Compassion competence of community mental health nurses can be improved by promoting self-leadership and nursing professional values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Kim
- College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Won Hee Jun
- College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
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Takmak Ş, Karaçar Y. Does fear of compassion effect nurses' caring behaviours? a cross-sectional study. Nurs Ethics 2024:9697330241259151. [PMID: 38886155 DOI: 10.1177/09697330241259151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study is to determine the levels of nurses' fear of compassion for others, fear of compassion from others, and fear of self-compassion and to examine the effect of fear of compassion on caring behaviors. Design: A cross-sectional, quantitative design was used. Participants and research context: The study was conducted between October 2022 and April 2023 with 304 nurses working in two public hospitals. Data collection tools were the "Fears of Compassion Scales" and the "Caring Behaviors Inventory." Data were analyzed using a t test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression model. Ethical considerations: Ethics committee approval of the research was obtained from the non-invasive ethics committee of Kütahya Health Sciences University (Reference No: 25.05.2022/2022/06-19). The principles of the Declaration of Helsinki were followed in the study. The purpose of the research was explained to all participants, and their verbal/written informed consent was obtained. Results: The mean scores of nurses on fear of compassion for others and from others were at a moderate level, and their scores on fear of self-compassion were close to a moderate level. It was found that the level of nurses' fear of compassion was related to their sociodemographic and professional variables. Fear of self-compassion, fear of compassion for others, and fear of compassion from others explained 33.5% of the total variance in caring behaviors. Conclusions: Nurses' caring behaviors were shown to be more associated with fear of self-compassion than fear of compassion for others. Fear of compassion may be one of the barriers to compassionate care. Interventions that will reduce nurses' fear of compassion may be one way to provide compassionate care. It is recommended to conduct awareness studies on self-compassion and accepting compassion from others in nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şenay Takmak
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Kütahya Health Science Universıty, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Karaçar
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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O'Connor M, Shimoinaba K, Zhong Y, Peyton S. Self-compassion training in palliative care during COVID-19: A pilot study. Palliat Support Care 2024; 22:582-587. [PMID: 36226853 DOI: 10.1017/s1478951522001195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This pilot project replicated a self-compassion program to support health-care professionals in palliative care settings. We anticipated that undertaking this program would enhance participants' psychological well-being. METHODS Participants were recruited by convenience sampling from palliative care services in an area of Melbourne, Australia. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the program was offered online and comprised six once-weekly gatherings. Three survey rounds with identical questions were conducted prior to, immediately after, and 3 months after the training. The surveys consisted of 6 scales: the Self-Compassion Scale, the Santa Clara Brief Compassion Scale, the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Professional Quality of Life Scale, and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index Scale. Paired-sample t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance analyses were used to compare participant responses. RESULTS Nine participants working in palliative care completed the training and 3 surveys and included qualitative responses. The experience was overwhelmingly positive. Self-compassion (F = 14.44; p < 0.05) and mindfulness (F = 18.44; p < 0.05) scores significantly increased post-training, were picked up in a short time and endured. The emotional state improved by compassion satisfaction, showing a positive improvement 3 months post-training, along with there being no changes in compassion satisfaction, burnout, and dispositional empathy. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS Participants all worked in a supportive environment, which encouraged self-care. Even against the pandemic difficulties, a short online program was effective, assisting participants to cultivate their inner resources in mindfulness and self-compassion. While a small sample size, expansion of the training may benefit the wider palliative care workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret O'Connor
- Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Frankston, Australia
- Melbourne City Mission Palliative Care, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Yaping Zhong
- Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Frankston, Australia
| | - Suzanne Peyton
- Melbourne City Mission Palliative Care, Melbourne, Australia
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Hughes RVV, Hudson KW, Wright E, Swoboda SM, Frangieh J, D'Aoust RF. Cultivating Self-Compassion to Protect Nurses From Burnout and Secondary Traumatic Stress. Nurs Womens Health 2024; 28:159-167. [PMID: 38462229 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwh.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Nursing burnout, a result of prolonged occupational stress, has always been a challenge in health care, but recently the COVID-19 pandemic made this issue into a national priority. In fact, burnout among health care workers is one of the four priorities of the U.S. Surgeon General. Health care leaders and organizations are eager to implement strategies to improve nurses' well-being and, thus, enhance their mental health. Much of the literature has focused on the antecedents and consequences of nursing burnout, but there is limited information on strategies that protect perinatal nurses from burnout. Self-compassion is emerging as one strategy that has a positive correlation with nurse well-being and a negative association with burnout, depression, and anxiety. In this article, we identify and translate strategies to promote self-compassion in perinatal nurses.
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Jaiswal S, Purpura SR, Manchanda JK, Nan J, Azeez N, Ramanathan D, Mishra J. Design and Implementation of a Brief Digital Mindfulness and Compassion Training App for Health Care Professionals: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e49467. [PMID: 38252479 PMCID: PMC10845023 DOI: 10.2196/49467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies show that intense work schedules make health care professionals particularly vulnerable to emotional exhaustion and burnout. OBJECTIVE In this scenario, promoting self-compassion and mindfulness may be beneficial for well-being. Notably, scalable, digital app-based methods may have the potential to enhance self-compassion and mindfulness in health care professionals. METHODS In this study, we designed and implemented a scalable, digital app-based, brief mindfulness and compassion training program called "WellMind" for health care professionals. A total of 22 adult participants completed up to 60 sessions of WellMind training, 5-10 minutes in duration each, over 3 months. Participants completed behavioral assessments measuring self-compassion and mindfulness at baseline (preintervention), 3 months (postintervention), and 6 months (follow-up). In order to control for practice effects on the repeat assessments and calculate effect sizes, we also studied a no-contact control group of 21 health care professionals who only completed the repeated assessments but were not provided any training. Additionally, we evaluated pre- and postintervention neural activity in core brain networks using electroencephalography source imaging as an objective neurophysiological training outcome. RESULTS Findings showed a post- versus preintervention increase in self-compassion (Cohen d=0.57; P=.007) and state-mindfulness (d=0.52; P=.02) only in the WellMind training group, with improvements in self-compassion sustained at follow-up (d=0.8; P=.01). Additionally, WellMind training durations correlated with the magnitude of improvement in self-compassion across human participants (ρ=0.52; P=.01). Training-related neurophysiological results revealed plasticity specific to the default mode network (DMN) that is implicated in mind-wandering and rumination, with DMN network suppression selectively observed at the postintervention time point in the WellMind group (d=-0.87; P=.03). We also found that improvement in self-compassion was directly related to the extent of DMN suppression (ρ=-0.368; P=.04). CONCLUSIONS Overall, promising behavioral and neurophysiological findings from this first study demonstrate the benefits of brief digital mindfulness and compassion training for health care professionals and compel the scale-up of the digital intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial Registration: International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Registry ISRCTN94766568, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN94766568.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Jaiswal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Suzanna R Purpura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - James K Manchanda
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jason Nan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Nihal Azeez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Dhakshin Ramanathan
- Department of Mental Health, Veterans Affairs San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jyoti Mishra
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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Liu SJ, Wang QN, She J, Zhang YH, Xu H. Relationship between emotional intelligence and job stressors of psychiatric nurses: A multi-centre cross-sectional study. J Clin Nurs 2023; 32:7730-7739. [PMID: 37661580 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the impact of socio-demographic factors and job stressors on the emotional intelligence of psychiatric nurses. BACKGROUND Emotional intelligence plays a crucial role in enabling nurses to effectively manage their own emotions, comprehend the emotions of others and assist individuals in dealing with diverse stressors. Nevertheless, a comprehensive conceptualization of the relationship between job stressors and emotional intelligence remains lacking. DESIGN This study employs a multi-centre cross-sectional design. METHODS A multi-centre cross-sectional survey involving 1083 registered nurses from 11 psychiatric hospitals across four provinces in China was conducted. Non-probability sampling was utilised. The survey encompassed assessments of nurse job stressors, emotional intelligence using a scale and socio-demographic characteristics using a questionnaire. A multiple linear regression model was applied to identify significant variables associated with emotional intelligence based on demographic attributes and various nurse job stressors. The study adhered to the STROBE checklist. RESULTS The findings revealed a noteworthy negative correlation between nurse job stressors and emotional intelligence. Socio-demographic factors and job stressors of certain nurses were able to predict emotional intelligence and its dimensions among psychiatric nurses, with percentages of 44.50%, 40.10%, 36.40%, 36.60% and 34.60%. CONCLUSION Providing emotional intelligence training for psychiatric nurses could enhance their capacity to cope effectively with workplace stress, particularly among younger nurses who engage in limited physical activities. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The analysis of the relationship between emotional intelligence and nurse job stressors could facilitate early detection and intervention by managers based on pertinent factors. This, in turn, could elevate the emotional intelligence level of psychiatric nurses. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION This study did not recruit participants, so details of participants were not be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Juan Liu
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiong-Nan Wang
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan She
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhang
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Tripathi SK, Mulkey DC. Implementing Brief Mindfulness-Based Interventions to Reduce Compassion Fatigue. Crit Care Nurse 2023; 43:32-40. [PMID: 37777246 DOI: 10.4037/ccn2023745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses in surgical-trauma units are susceptible to compassion fatigue due to work-related stressors. Mitigating and preventing compassion fatigue are critical to supporting the health and well-being of surgical-trauma nurses. LOCAL PROBLEM During the COVID-19 pandemic, a surgical-trauma unit was converted to a designated COVID-19 unit. Nurses verbalized feelings of burnout and stress during the pandemic and did not have a mechanism to cope with work-related stress. This project evaluated the impact of brief mindfulness-based interventions on compassion fatigue. METHODS From February 2021 to March 2022, mindfulness champions led 5 minutes of mindfulness-based interventions, including meditation, deep breathing, and self-compassion exercises, during shift huddles. The Professional Quality of Life, version 5, questionnaire was used to evaluate preintervention and postintervention burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction. Paired-sample t tests were used to evaluate the results. RESULTS Twenty-nine of 34 nurses responded (85% response rate) with matched preintervention and postintervention questionnaires. All subscale scores showed significant improvement after intervention. The mean burnout subscale score decreased by 9.35% (P = .003), mean secondary traumatic stress subscale score decreased by 11.89% (P = .005), and mean compassion satisfaction subscale score increased by 6.44% (P = .03) after intervention. DISCUSSION After implementing brief mindfulness-based interventions in shift huddles, nurses reported reductions in elements of compassion fatigue (burnout and secondary traumatic stress). Nurses reported that adding brief mindfulness-based interventions to shift huddles helped them cope with work-related stress. CONCLUSIONS Brief mindfulness-based interventions can improve nurses' compassion satisfaction while reducing compassion fatigue measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharada K Tripathi
- Sharada K. Tripathi is a nurse practitioner at Spruce Health Group in Thornton, Colorado
| | - David C Mulkey
- David C. Mulkey is a nursing quality research specialist at Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado
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Edlund SM, Söderstrand JC, Åkerman B, Hed E, Larsson M, Tillfors M, Olsson C. Facing negative emotions: Evaluation of a brief training in validating communication for contact nurses in cancer care. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2023; 66:102401. [PMID: 37741146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2023.102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contact nurses in cancer care (CNCC) often face challenges when communicating with patients and their families. The overall aim was to evaluate a brief digital validation training for CNCC, to test whether it was associated with increased validation and decreased invalidation. Associations between communication skills in validation and markers of work-related stress were also investigated. METHODS This intervention study investigated associations between the training and validation skills using a within-group design with repeated measures (at pre, post, and eight-week follow-up). Additionally, associations between the training and occupational self-efficacy, self-validation, and exhaustion symptoms were explored. RESULTS Seventeen CNCCs (all female with relatively long work experience) completed a five-week digital training program. Results indicated a statistically significant increase in validation and a statistically significant decrease in invalidation, showing that the nurses improved their communication skills following the training. No changes were found in markers of work-related stress. CONCLUSION The results indicate that digital validation training for CNCCs is potentially beneficial by means of improving communication skills. This study further demonstrates that a brief digital training in validating communication to CNCC is associated with improved person-centered communication regarding strong negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Edlund
- Center for Health and Medical Psychology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | | | - Björn Åkerman
- School of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Elsa Hed
- School of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria Larsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Maria Tillfors
- Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Olsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden; Department of Bachelor Education in Nursing, Lovisenberg Diaconal University College, Oslo, Norway
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Brune S, Killam L, Camargo-Plazas P. Caring Knowledge as a Strategy to Mitigate Violence against Nurses: A Discussion Paper. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2023; 44:437-452. [PMID: 37167098 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2023.2205502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Violence against nurses is a disturbing trend in healthcare that has reached epidemic proportions globally. These violent incidents can result in physical and psychological injury, exacerbating already elevated levels of stress and burnout among nurses, further contributing to absenteeism, turnover, and intent to leave the profession. To ensure the physical and mental well-being of nurses and patients, attention to the development of strategies to reduce violence against nurses must be a priority. Caring knowledge-rooted in the philosophy of care-is a potential strategy for mitigating violence against nurses in healthcare settings. We present what caring knowledge is, analyze its barriers to implementation at the health system and education levels and explore potential solutions to navigate those barriers. We conclude how the application of models of caring knowledge to the nurse-patient relationship has the potential to generate improved patient safety and increased satisfaction for both nurses and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Brune
- School of Nursing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Nursing (BSN) Program, University of the Fraser Valley, Chilliwack, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura Killam
- School of Nursing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- School of Health Sciences and Emergency Services, Cambrian College, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Santos L, Pinheiro MDR, Rijo D. Fostering an affiliative environment in residential youth care: A cluster randomized trial of a compassionate mind training program for caregivers enrolling youth and their caregivers. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 139:106122. [PMID: 36863203 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affiliation has a positive role on well-being and human development. Most children and youth living in residential youth care (RYC) experienced maltreatment from significant others, becoming a particularly vulnerable group. Their complex needs require well trained caregivers who help them to heal and thrive. OBJECTIVE This cluster randomized trial sought to test the Compassionate Mind Training program for Caregivers (CMT- Care Homes) effectiveness on affiliative outcomes across time. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A sample of 127 professional caregivers and 154 youth from 12 Portuguese residential care homes (RCH) participated on this study. METHODS RCHs were randomized to treatment (n = 6) and control (n = 6) groups. Caregivers and youth completed self-report measures at baseline, post-intervention, and 6-month follow-up on social safeness and emotional climate. Caregivers were also evaluated on compassion outcomes. RESULTS MANCOVA indicated large multivariate time X group effects. Univariate results suggested that caregivers from the treatment group showed improvements in compassion towards others and in self-compassion across time, while the control group gradually deteriorated in both variables. Youth and caregivers from the treatment group noticed a more soothing and safer RCH emotional climate, as well as feeling safer within relationships. At 6-month follow-up, improvements were retained by caregivers, but not by youth. CONCLUSIONS The CMT- Care Homes brings a new model to RYC, that represents a promising approach in promoting safe relationships and affiliative environments in RCHs. Supervision should be provided to monitor care practices and sustain change across time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Santos
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3030-115 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria do Rosário Pinheiro
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3030-115 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Daniel Rijo
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3030-115 Coimbra, Portugal.
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14
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George L, Wallace JC, Snider JB, Suh H. Self-Compassion, Performance, and Burnout: Surfacing an Unknown Work Construct. GROUP & ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/10596011231161123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Research on self-compassion across various disciplines has consistently demonstrated numerous self-regulatory benefits associated with the construct. Despite the increasing interest, theory-driven research on self-compassion in the workplace has only begun to emerge recently. In the present research, we introduce the construct of work self-compassion ( WSC). Building on Neff’s definition of self-compassion, we submit that WSC is comprised of work self-kindness, common work challenges, and work-specific mindfulness. Across two studies, we develop a scale to measure WSC and test its place within the larger nomological network of organizational constructs. Specifically, by integrating COR theory with prior research on self-compassion, in Study 1, we test the incremental validity of WSC beyond general self-compassion in predicting job performance. In Study 2, we further demonstrate that WSC is an important mediating mechanism that bridges the association between honesty-humility, namely the H-factor, and job performance and burnout, respectively. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of our findings and conclude with limitations and future research directions.
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15
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Pavlova A, Paine SJ, Sinclair S, O'Callaghan A, Consedine NS. Working in value-discrepant environments inhibits clinicians' ability to provide compassion and reduces well-being: A cross-sectional study. J Intern Med 2023; 293:704-723. [PMID: 36843313 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The practice of compassion in healthcare leads to better patient and clinician outcomes. However, compassion in healthcare is increasingly lacking, and the rates of professional burnout are high. Most research to date has focused on individual-level predictors of compassion and burnout. Little is known regarding how organizational factors might impact clinicians' ability to express compassion and well-being. The main study objective was to describe the association between personal and organizational value discrepancies and compassion ability, burnout, job satisfaction, absenteeism and consideration of early retirement among healthcare professionals. METHODS More than 1000 practising healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses and allied health professionals) were recruited in Aotearoa/New Zealand. The study was conducted via an online cross-sectional survey and was preregistered on AsPredicted (75407). The main outcome measures were compassionate ability and competence, burnout, job satisfaction and measures of absenteeism and consideration of early retirement. RESULTS Perceived discrepancies between personal and organizational values predicted lower compassion ability (B = -0.006, 95% CI [-0.01, -0.00], p < 0.001 and f 2 = 0.05) but not competence (p = 0.24), lower job satisfaction (B = -0.20, 95% CI [-0.23, -0.17], p < 0.001 and f 2 = 0.14), higher burnout (B = 0.02, 95% CI [0.01, 0.03], p < 0.001 and f 2 = 0.06), absenteeism (B = 0.004, 95% CI [0.00, 0.01], p = 0.01 and f 2 = 0.01) and greater consideration of early retirement (B = 0.02, 95% CI [0.00, 0.03], p = 0.04 and f 2 = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Working in value-discrepant environments predicts a range of poorer outcomes among healthcare professionals, including hindering the ability to be compassionate. Scalable organizational and systems-level interventions that address operational processes and practices that lead to the experience of value discrepancies are recommended to improve clinician performance and well-being outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Pavlova
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah-Jane Paine
- Te Kupenga Hauora Maori, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shane Sinclair
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Compassion Research Lab, Calgary, Canada.,Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Canada
| | - Anne O'Callaghan
- Hospital Palliative Care Service, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nathan S Consedine
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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16
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Broadley LE, Burton AE, Mistry DK. “Sharing in people's pain is not an easy thing to do”: Cognitive Behavioural Therapists' understandings of compassion in the workplace. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy E. Burton
- Staffordshire Centre for Psychological Research, School of Health, Sciences and Wellbeing Staffordshire University Stoke‐on‐Trent UK
| | - Dipti K. Mistry
- Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust Leicester UK
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Abstract
ABSTRACT With about one-third of nurses having expressed an intention to leave the profession or change jobs in 2022, the effects of nursing job stress are evident. For nurses to continue to provide care in high stress, they must practice self-compassion and build resilience. The importance of resilience education and self-compassion for nurses and in nursing education is discussed from a Christian perspective, along with self-care strategies using the R.E.S.T. (Relationship, Exercise, Self-Compassion, Transformative Thinking) framework. Strategies for building resilience for both individuals and organizations are offered.
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18
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Sansó N, Leiva JP, Vidal‐Blanco G, Galiana L, West M. The measurement of compassionate leadership: Adaptation and Spanish validation of the compassionate leadership self-reported scale. Scand J Caring Sci 2022; 36:1165-1179. [PMID: 35355300 PMCID: PMC9790542 DOI: 10.1111/scs.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A culture of shared leadership is widespread among palliative care teams based on a commitment to valuing and including all people equally. As compassion is a core value for end-of-life care work, compassionate leadership may be the best way to lead in palliative care. AIMS The aims of this study were twofold: (1) to adapt and validate the Compassionate Leadership Self-reported Scale in a sample of palliative care professionals; and (2) to study the relation between compassionate leadership and associated concepts of self-compassion, awareness and self-care. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 296 Spanish end-of-life care professionals was conducted. Analyses included descriptive statistics, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with four-correlated factors, reliability estimates and a structural model. RESULTS Results suggested there were medium to high levels of compassionate leadership in the sample. The CFA showed an adequate overall fit: χ2 (98) = 277.595 (p < 0.001); CFI = 0.986; SRMR = 0.047; RMSEA = 0.088 [0.076, 0.100]. Reliability estimates for four subscales of compassionate leadership (attending, understanding, empathising and helping) were also adequate, ranging from 0.72 to 0.96. Finally, the structural model predicting compassionate leadership suggested that the dimensions of attending and understanding were most highly related to positive self-compassion and awareness; empathising, to self-care and awareness; and helping, to positive self-compassion and self-care. CONCLUSION The Compassionate Leadership Scale has adequate psychometric properties when used to assess compassionate leadership in the context of end-of-life care. Our results indicate that self-compassion, awareness and self-care are important correlates of such compassionate leadership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Sansó
- Department of Nursing and PhysiotherapyUniversity of the Balearic IslandsMallorcaSpain,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IDISBA)MallorcaSpain
| | - Juan P. Leiva
- Support and Palliative Care TeamHospital ManacorMallorcaSpain
| | | | - Laura Galiana
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioral SciencesUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Michael West
- The King’s FundLondonUK,Department of Organizational PsychologyLancaster UniversityLancasterUK,Aston UniversityBirminghamUK
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19
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Kiliç Barmanpek N, Şahin A, Demirel C, Parlar Kiliç S. The relationship between nurses' job satisfaction levels and quality of life. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:2310-2320. [PMID: 35285955 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between nurses' job satisfaction levels and quality of life. DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 225 nurses working in a university hospital in Turkey. Nurse Information Form, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), and The World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-WHOQOL-BREF (TR) were used to collect the data. FINDINGS It was determined that while the MSQ mean score of the nurses was low, their WHOQOL-BREF mean score was moderate. A positive statistically significant and linear correlation was determined between job satisfaction and quality of life (p < 0.01). While the nurses' MSQ score increased, their WHOQOL-BREF score also increased. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS As job satisfaction of nurses increases, both their quality of life and quality of nursing care will be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayşe Şahin
- Harran University Viransehir Health School Department of Nursing, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Cihat Demirel
- Muş Alparslan University Varto Vocational School Medical Services and Techniques Department of First and Emergency Aid, Muş, Turkey
| | - Serap Parlar Kiliç
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Inonu University Faculty of Nursing, Malatya, Turkey
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20
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Galiana L, Guillén M, Pades A, Flowers SL, Vidal-Blanco G, Sansó N. The Spanish Version of the State Self-Compassion Scale-Long Form (SSCS-L): A Study of Its Validity and Reliability in a Sample of Nursing Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10174. [PMID: 36011807 PMCID: PMC9408150 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In nurses, self-compassion mitigates the effects of stress, burnout and compassion fatigue, and enhances empathy, compassion and well-being and quality of life. The Self-Compassion Scale is the most-used instrument. The aim of this study is to validate the Spanish version of the new developed State Self-Compassion Scale-Long (SSCS-L). METHODS Students of the first year of the Nursing Degree were surveyed online. Together with the SSCS-L, their levels of positive and negative affect was reported. Analyses included descriptive statistics, competitive confirmatory factor analysis, evidence on criterion-related validity and estimates of reliability. RESULTS The best fitting model for the SSCS-L was the one hypothesizing six-correlated factors of self-compassion: self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness, self-judgement, isolation, and over-identification. Positive relations between the positive dimensions of self-compassion and positive affect were found, whereas there were negative relations between the positive poles of self-compassion and negative affect. Estimates of reliability were adequate, except for the dimension of over-identification. CONCLUSIONS Self-compassion has become a key competency for nurses. The SSCS-L is an appropriate tool to allow an adequate assessment of self-compassion in experimental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Galiana
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mireia Guillén
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Antonia Pades
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Sarah L. Flowers
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | | | - Noemí Sansó
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IDISBA), 07004 Palma, Spain
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21
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Wang CXY, Pavlova A, Fernando AT, Consedine NS. Beyond empathy decline: Do the barriers to compassion change across medical training? ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION : THEORY AND PRACTICE 2022; 27:521-536. [PMID: 35389152 PMCID: PMC9117337 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-022-10100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being a mandated, foundational value in healthcare, research on compassion remains limited. Studying the individual, patient, clinical, and contextual factors that interfere with compassion-the "barriers"-may clarify our understanding of the origins of compassion and identify potential targets for improving patient-centred care. Studies of the related construct of empathy have suggested that medical students report declines with increasing clinical experience. In contrast, when comparing physicians with medical students, increased clinical experience predicts lower barriers to compassion. Whether-and how-a similar experience-related decline in the factors that interfere with compassion occurs across medical training remains unknown. AIMS To describe how the barriers to compassion vary across clinical training in medical students. METHOD New Zealand medical students (N = 351) in their clinical years (Years 4-6) completed measures of the Barriers to Physician Compassion (BPCQ) and potential covariates such as demographics, work burden factors, and dispositional factors. The BPCQ indexes the extent to which barriers in four domains (individual, patient, clinical, and contextual) interfere with a physician/student's compassion towards patients. Analyses of variance and regression analyses were used to explore the effect of year level on the four types of barriers. RESULTS Year 4 students reported slightly lower student-related, environmental and patient/family-related (but not clinical) barriers than Year 6 students (effect size: ɷ2 < 0.05); all barriers increased comparably across training. Controlling for relevant confounds, regression analyses confirmed that lower year level predicted lower barriers to compassion. Higher self-compassion, but not gender, predicted lower barriers. CONCLUSIONS In extending studies of empathy decline, this report suggests that students experience higher barriers to compassion as clinical training progresses. This is in contrast to existing studies contrasting physicians with medical students, where greater experience was associated with lower perceived barriers to compassion. Self-compassion may offset increases in barriers to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clair X Y Wang
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alina Pavlova
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Building 507, Room 3008, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Antonio T Fernando
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Building 507, Room 3008, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nathan S Consedine
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Building 507, Room 3008, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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22
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Jang MH, Jeong YM, Park G. Influence of the sub-factors of self-compassion on burnout among hospital nurses: A cross-sectional study in South Korea. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:993-1001. [PMID: 35246901 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to identify the effects of the sub-factors of self-compassion on hospital nurse burnout and provide basic knowledge for an intervention program to prevent nurse burnout. BACKGROUND Burnout in nurses has been reported to influence their own and patients' mental health and safety. Enhancing self-compassion can help to prevent burnout. METHODS This study involved descriptive research using a cross-sectional design. Data were collected at H University Hospital in Korea, from January to March, 2020. Of the 213 questionnaires collected, 208 were included in data analysis. RESULTS Burnout was higher when nurses were younger, unmarried, in poor health, general nurses, dissatisfied with their jobs, planning to leave their jobs, or receiving low social support from peers. There was a negative correlation between burnout and the self-compassion subscales. Multiple regression analysis showed that isolation and mindfulness among self-compassion, were significantly related to burnout. CONCLUSIONS Since individual variables and self-compassion are major elements impacting nurse burnout, it is important for nursing organizations to investigate nurses' individual variables, including sub-factors of self-compassion, to help them prevent burnout. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Nurse burnout might be prevented by increasing self-compassion. Hospital and nurse managers may employ individualized strategies to enhance nurses' self-compassion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Heui Jang
- College of Nursing, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Mi Jeong
- College of Nursing, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea
| | - Geuna Park
- Graduate, Department of Public Health Education, Graduate School of Education, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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Workplace mistreatment and emotional exhaustion: The interaction effects of self-compassion. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Pereira AT, Brito MJ, Cabaços C, Carneiro M, Carvalho F, Manão A, Araújo A, Pereira D, Macedo A. The Protective Role of Self-Compassion in the Relationship between Perfectionism and Burnout in Portuguese Medicine and Dentistry Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:2740. [PMID: 35270432 PMCID: PMC8910448 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have documented the high prevalence of burnout among medicine and dentistry students, with potentially catastrophic consequences for both students and patients. Both environmental and personality factors play a part in burnout; perfectionism, a common trait in medicine students' personalities, has been linked to psychological distress and increasing students' vulnerability to burnout. Self-compassion, i.e., treating oneself kindly through hardship, has recently emerged as a buffer between perfectionism and psychological distress. While using a novel three-factor conceptualization of perfectionism (BIG3), this study aims to analyze if self-compassion has a protective role in the relationship between perfectionism and burnout, in a sample of medicine and dentistry students, through mediation analysis. We found that self-compassion significantly mediated the relationship between all three forms of perfectionism and burnout: as a partial mediator in self-critical and rigid perfectionism, as well as a full mediator in narcissistic perfectionism. Our findings underline self-compassion's relevance in burnout prevention and management, supporting its use as an intervention target in burnout reduction programs and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Telma Pereira
- Institute of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.J.B.); (C.C.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (D.P.); (A.M.)
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25
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Gerace A. Gentle gloves: The importance of self-compassion for mental health nurses during COVID-19. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2022; 31:3-7. [PMID: 34580979 PMCID: PMC8653245 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gerace
- College of Psychology, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Serrão C, Martins V, Ribeiro C, Maia P, Pinho R, Teixeira A, Castro L, Duarte I. Professional Quality of Life Among Physicians and Nurses Working in Portuguese Hospitals During the Third Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:814109. [PMID: 35178016 PMCID: PMC8845595 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.814109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last 2 weeks of January 2021, Portugal was the worst country in the world in incidence of infections and deaths due to COVID-19. As a result, the pressure on the healthcare system increased exponentially, exceeding its capacities and leaving hospitals in near collapse. This scenario caused multiple constraints, particularly for hospital medical staff. Previous studies conducted at different moments during the pandemic reported that COVID-19 has had significant negative impacts on healthcare workers' psychological health, including stress, anxiety, depression, burnout, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and sleep disturbances. However, there are many uncertainties regarding the professional quality of life of hospital nurses and physicians. To address gaps in previous research on secondary traumatic stress, we focused on healthcare workers working in hospitals affected by a major traumatic event: the third wave of COVID-19. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to identify the contribution of personal and work-related contextual variables (gender, age, parental status, occupation, years of experience, working with patients affected by COVID-19) on professional quality of life of healthcare workers. METHODS Cross-sectional study with a web-based questionnaire given to physicians and nurses working in a hospital setting. A total of 853 healthcare professionals (276 physicians and 586 nurses; median age 37 years old) participated in the survey assessing professional quality of life compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout. Factors of professional quality of life were assessed using regression analysis. RESULTS Most of the participants showed moderate (80%; n = 684) or high (18%; n = 155) levels of compassion satisfaction, whereas the majority of them experienced moderate levels of burnout (72%; n = 613) and secondary traumatic stress (69%; n = 592). The analyzed variables demonstrated no differences between professionals who were directly or not involved in the care of COVID-19 patients. Parental status was found to be a significant factor in compassion satisfaction. Female gender was significantly associated with more susceptibility to secondary traumatization. Factors that may potentially contribute to burnout include years of professional experience and the number of work hours per week. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic has created a new challenge for the healthcare system. Burnout and secondary traumatic stress can lead to medical errors and impact standards of patient care, particularly compromising compassionate care. It is therefore recommended that hospitals develop psychoeducational initiatives to support professionals in dealing with barriers to compassion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Serrão
- School of Education, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Research and Innovation in Education (inED), Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Martins
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Ribeiro
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Paulo Maia
- Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto e CHUPorto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Pinho
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Teixeira
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ADiT-LAB, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Luísa Castro
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivone Duarte
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Serçe Yüksel Ö, Partlak Günüşen N, Çelik Ince S, Zeybekçi S. Experiences of oncology nurses regarding self-compassion and compassionate care: A qualitative study. Int Nurs Rev 2022; 69:432-441. [PMID: 35088426 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of oncology nurses about self-compassion and compassionate care. BACKGROUND The concept of self-care is emphasized in detail in the literature, and not much is known about the concept of self-compassion among nurses. Beyond the definitions of self-compassion and compassion in the literature, there is a need to explore and express the meaning of self-compassion and compassion in the context of oncology nursing. METHODS This is a descriptive qualitative study. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 19 oncology nurses working in the oncology service of a university hospital. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis through an inductive approach. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies (COREQ) were used to ensure the comprehensive reporting of this qualitative study protocol. RESULTS Two themes emerged: (1) compassion through the eyes of oncology nurses and barriers to compassionate care fall under the theme of wounded healers, and (2) self-compassion through the eyes of oncology nurses, barriers to self-compassion, and self-care as a dimension of self-compassion fall under the theme of caring for our suffering: self-compassion. CONCLUSIONS Although nurses think that self-compassion is important, they do not show self-compassion. There are personal and organizational barriers to compassionate care and self-compassion for oncology nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY These findings show that oncology nurses need personal and organizational resources for their self-compassion. The existence of programs to develop self-compassion can offset the effects of being in a caregiving position. Oncology nurses must request these services from organization, managers and even policymakers. The existence of policies that also consider the mental health of nurses can pave the way for compassionate care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgü Serçe Yüksel
- Faculty of Nursing, Psychiatric Nursing Department, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, 35340, Turkey.,Dokuz Eylul University, Institute of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Partlak Günüşen
- Faculty of Nursing, Psychiatric Nursing Department, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, 35340, Turkey
| | - Sevecen Çelik Ince
- Faculty of Health Science, Psychiatric Nursing Department, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, 67600, Turkey
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Galiana L, Sansó N, Muñoz-Martínez I, Vidal-Blanco G, Oliver A, Larkin PJ. Palliative Care Professionals' Inner Life: Exploring the Mediating Role of Self-Compassion in the Prediction of Compassion Satisfaction, Compassion Fatigue, Burnout and Wellbeing. J Pain Symptom Manage 2022; 63:112-123. [PMID: 34271144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Palliative care professionals are exposed to suffering on a daily basis. Working in such an environment frequently raises existential issues, psychological challenges, and emotional distress, that can detract from compassionate care. Identifying factors that help professionals cope with frequent exposure to issues related to mortality, such as compassion, could enhance palliative care providers' and patients' quality of life and wellbeing. OBJECTIVES To improve our understanding of the factors associated with professionals' inner life studying the role of self-compassion as a mediating variable between self-care and awareness and professionals' quality of life, and quantifying the impact of compassionate care. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey of palliative care professionals was conducted through the Spanish Society of Palliative Care. 296 professionals answered the survey. RESULTS The model tested showed an adequate fit (χ2(212) = 476.688 (P < .001), CFI = .907, RMSEA = .066 [.058,.073], and SRMR = .068), and the hypotheses were supported. Self-care and awareness predicted coping with death and self-compassion, which in turn predicted professional quality of life. Self-compassion had the greatest predictive power. Professional quality of life showed a statistically significant and positive effect on personal wellbeing, explaining more than 50% of its variance (R2 = .574; P < .001). CONCLUSION For palliative care professionals, the cultivation of self-compassion is equally needed as compassion for others. Professional quality of life and compassionate care are related to professionals' wellbeing: when professionals take care of themselves, this will lead in a more compassionate care, but also in healthier, happier professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Galiana
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Noemí Sansó
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain; Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IDISBA), Palma, Spain.
| | | | | | - Amparo Oliver
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Philip J Larkin
- Chair of Palliative Care Nursing, Palliative and Supportive Care Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Steen M, Othman SME, Briley A, Vernon R, Hutchinson S, Dyer S. You Matter: Finding your self-compassion education for health professionals (Nurses and midwives): A sequential explanatory mixed methods study protocol. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 11:e34372. [PMID: 34848389 PMCID: PMC8796041 DOI: 10.2196/34372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been a few recent studies that have reported how having the ability to give self-compassion can reduce a health professional's levels of anxiety, stress, risk of compassion fatigue, burnout, and generally improve their wellbeing. Therefore, there is evidence to support further research into the investigation and exploration of self-compassion education and training for health professionals. OBJECTIVE This study aims to increase knowledge and understanding of self-compassion and how this may enhance the health and wellbeing of health professionals. METHODS The proposed research study will adopt a sequential explanatory mixed methods design. This study will be undertaken in three phases. Phase 1 will utilize a pre-educational self-compassion questionnaire (online survey) to collect data from participants at three-time points (pre, immediately after, and post-follow-up at 6-8 weeks) after attending the self-compassion education. Phase 2 will utilize an interview schedule to explore the participants' views and experiences through a follow-up focus group or individual interview. Finally, phase 3 will include data integration and dissemination of the key findings and recommendations. This study has ethical approval from the Women's and Children's Health Network, Human Research Ethics Committee, and Human Research Ethics Committee at the University of South Australia - 26 June 2021 (Application ID: 204074). RESULTS A scoping review has been previously undertaken to inform this research study (focussing on nurses and midwives). The preparatory phase was completed in April 2021. Phase 1 is expected to be completed by June 2022, and phase 2 will commence in July 2022. CONCLUSIONS The key findings from the data integration of this research project will provide in-depth details and insights to broaden the discussion about self-compassion and its influence upon health professionals' health and wellbeing. Health professionals (nurses and midwives) may benefit from self-compassion education and training programs to improve their health and wellbeing. CLINICALTRIAL
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Steen
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, AU
| | - Shwikar Mahmoud Etman Othman
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, AU.,Faculty of Nursing, South Valley University, Egypt, Qena, EG
| | - Annette Briley
- College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, AU
| | - Rachael Vernon
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, AU
| | - Steven Hutchinson
- SA Health
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network
- SA Prison Health Service, Adelaide, AU
| | - Susan Dyer
- Nursing & Midwifery Clinical Practice Development Unit, Women's & Children's Health Network, Adelaide, AU
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Fazia T, Bubbico F, Berzuini G, Tezza LD, Cortellini C, Bruno S, Bernardinelli L. Mindfulness meditation training in an occupational setting: Effects of a 12-weeks mindfulness-based intervention on wellbeing. Work 2021; 70:1089-1099. [PMID: 34842215 PMCID: PMC8764590 DOI: 10.3233/wor-210510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are known for their beneficial effects on positive and negative psychological factors. When applied in an occupational context, MBIs might help workers to cope with stress, increase their professional outcomes and wellbeing. OBJECTIVE In this two-groups pre-post experimental design we tested the effect of our MBI, called Integral Meditation (IM), among the employers of an Italian service company by measuring positive and negative aspects of psychological wellbeing related to mindfulness and workplace functioning through eight self-report questionnaires (CORE-OM, FFMQ, WEMWBS, MAIA, PSS, PANAS, STAI-X1, SCS). METHOD Forty-two voluntary non-clinical employers of the company, randomly assigned to the experimental or the control group, were analyzed. The experimental group underwent our IM program, which consists of 12 weekly meditation classes given after the afternoon shift, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Data was analyzed via linear mixed models. RESULTS Statistically significant results were obtained for FFMQ observing subscale (β= 0.49, p = 0.014), WEMWBS (β= 5.31, p = 0.02), PSS (β= -3.31, p = 0.03), the whole scale of SCS (β= 0.47, p = 0.01) and self-judgment (β= 0.68, p = 0.003) and isolation (β= -0.66, p = 0.01) SCS subscales. Statistically significant results were also found in four out of eight subscales of MAIA: emotional awareness (β= 1.26, p < 0.001), self-regulation (β= 1.28, p < 0.001), body listening (β= 1.08, p < 0.001) and trusting (β= 1.1, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our intervention has demonstrated to bring beneficial effects in a mindfulness subdomain, in perceived stress, self-compassion, interoception and psychological wellbeing. Based on our results, we conclude that our intervention was effective in increasing the positive aspects of wellbeing and in reducing stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Fazia
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Bubbico
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Berzuini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Dalla Tezza
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Luisa Bernardinelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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While AE, Clark LL. Management of work stress and burnout among community nurses arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. Br J Community Nurs 2021; 26:384-389. [PMID: 34343046 DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2021.26.8.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased workload demands for many NHS staff including those working in the community. Nurse managers can make a difference by being authentic leaders, nurturing a supportive organisation where the workload is managed participatively and self-kindness is legitimate. Unfortunately some staff may experience burnout and this article presents a personal management plan to address the symptoms of burnout and aid recovery, although it cannot promote a total recovery if the cause of the symptoms remains unaddressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E While
- Emeritus Professor of Community Nursing, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London; Fellow of the Queen's Nursing Institute
| | - Louise L Clark
- Visiting Lecturer, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London
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Matsuishi Y, Mathis BJ, Masuzawa Y, Okubo N, Shimojo N, Hoshino H, Enomoto Y, Inoue Y. Severity and prevalence of burnout syndrome in paediatric intensive care nurses: A systematic review. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2021; 67:103082. [PMID: 34340889 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to identify burnout syndrome severity and prevalence in paediatric intensive care unit nurses. DESIGN Systematic review. SETTING Paediatric intensive care unit. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES A librarian was consulted on methodology before the search process. MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched for full-text studies published before September 2019 in any language. Only those observational studies exploring burnout syndrome, including paediatric intensive care unit nurses, were included. Two authors independently screened studies. We assessed the risk of bias within each study based on the Office of Health Assessment and Translation tool. RESULT After screening 1238 articles, we identified six studies which met the systematic review criteria. All studies included were published after 2012 and participant sample sizes were between 35 and 195 nurses. Three studies were conducted in the United States of America while the others were from the United Kingdom, Turkey and Taiwan. Prevalence of burnout syndrome in pediatric intensive care unit nurses was reported in these studies as between 42% and 77%. The assessment tools used in these studies were the (abbreviated) Maslach Burnout Inventory, Abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory, Occupational Burnout Inventory, and Professional Quality of Life Scale Version 5. We could not conduct a meta-analysis due to the lack of studies. CONCLUSION Our systematic review identifies that a low number (6 total) of relevant studies focused on burnout syndrome for pediatric intensive care unit nurses with a prevalence of burnout syndrome in paediatric intensive care unit nurses of between 42% and 77%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Matsuishi
- Neuroscience Nursing, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bryan J Mathis
- International Medical Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuko Masuzawa
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuko Okubo
- Neuroscience Nursing, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutake Shimojo
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Hoshino
- Adult Health Nursing, Department of Nursing, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Yuki Enomoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Inoue
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Kurebayashi Y. The effect of revised process recording on self-focus and self-compassion: A randomized controlled pilot study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:1282-1291. [PMID: 33184861 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty-five university nursing students in Japan participated in this randomized controlled trial. The revised process recording referred to self-compassion. Both the control and intervention groups completed the self-compassion scale (SCS) pre- and post-intervention. A repeated two-way analysis of variance examined the interaction effect of time × group on the SCS subscales. FINDINGS A significant interaction effect was observed only for mindfulness; the score only increased in the intervention group. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE The revised process recording might facilitate self-compassion, making it appropriate for nursing education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kurebayashi
- Faculty of Nursing, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
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Abdollahi A, Taheri A, Allen KA. Perceived stress, self-compassion and job burnout in nurses: the moderating role of self-compassion. J Res Nurs 2021; 26:182-191. [PMID: 35251240 PMCID: PMC8894998 DOI: 10.1177/1744987120970612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Job burnout is more prevalent among nurses than other medical team members and may have adverse effects on the mental and physical health of both nurses and their patients. AIMS To evaluate the associations between job burnout as a dependent variable with perceived stress and self-compassion as independent variables, and test the buffering role of self-compassion in the link between perceived stress and job burnout in nurses. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with a convenience sampling method. A total of 150 nurses from four hospitals in Tehran, Iran participated in this study and completed three questionnaires, namely the Perceived Stress Scale, the Self-Compassion Scale and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. RESULTS Partial least square-structural equation modelling showed greater levels of perceived stress associated with greater levels of job burnout (β = 0.795, p < 0.001), and greater levels of self-compassion associated with lower levels of job burnout (β = -0.512, p < 0.001) in nurses. The results of the interaction-moderation analysis showed that self-compassion diminished the effect of perceived stress on job burnout in nurses. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study not only showed a significant association between perceived stress and job burnout in nurses, but also increased our understanding about the buffering role of self-compassion in the link between perceived stress and job burnout in nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Abdollahi
- Abbas Abdollahi, Department of Counselling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Post code: 1993893973, Iran.
| | - Azadeh Taheri
- PhD Student, Department of Counselling, Alzahra University, Iran
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Kotera Y, Maxwell-Jones R, Edwards AM, Knutton N. Burnout in Professional Psychotherapists: Relationships with Self-Compassion, Work-Life Balance, and Telepressure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105308. [PMID: 34067641 PMCID: PMC8156437 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Though negative impacts of COVID-19 on occupational mental health have been reported, the mental health of psychotherapists has not been evaluated in depth. As this occupational group treats ever-increasing mental health problems, it is essential to appraise key factors for their mental health. Accordingly, this study aimed to explore burnout of professional psychotherapists. A total of 110 participants completed self-report measures regarding burnout, self-compassion, work–life balance and telepressure. Correlation, regression and moderation analyses were conducted. Both of the burnout components—emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation—were positively associated with weekly working hours and telepressure, and negatively associated with age, self-compassion and work–life balance. Weekly working hours and work–life balance were significant predictors of emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation. Lastly, self-compassion partially mediated the relationship between work–life balance and emotional exhaustion but did not mediate the relationship between work–life balance and depersonalisation. The findings suggest that maintaining high work–life balance is particularly important for the mental health of psychotherapists, protecting them from burnout. Moreover, self-compassion needs to be cultivated to mitigate emotional exhaustion. Mental health care for this occupational group needs to be implemented to achieve sustainable mental health care for workers and the public.
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Kotera Y, Van Gordon W. Effects of Self-Compassion Training on Work-Related Well-Being: A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2021; 12:630798. [PMID: 33967896 PMCID: PMC8102699 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.630798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-compassion, sharing some commonalities with positive psychology 2.0 approaches, is associated with better mental health outcomes in diverse populations, including workers. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there is heightened awareness of the importance of self-care for fostering mental health at work. However, evidence regarding the applications of self-compassion interventions in work-related contexts has not been systematically reviewed to date. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to synthesize and evaluate the utility of self-compassion interventions targeting work-related well-being, as well as assess the methodological quality of relevant studies. Eligible articles were identified from research databases including ProQuest, PsycINFO, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The quality of non-randomized trials and randomized controlled trials was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Quality Assessment Table, respectively. The literature search yielded 3,387 titles from which ten studies met the inclusion criteria. All ten studies reported promising effects of self-compassion training for work-related well-being. The methodological quality of these studies was medium. All ten studies recruited workers in a caring field and were mostly conducted in Western countries. The Self-Compassion Scale or its short-form was used in almost all instances. Findings indicate that self-compassion training can improve self-compassion and other work-related well-being outcomes in working populations. However, in general, there is need for greater methodological quality in work-related self-compassion intervention studies to advance understanding regarding the applications and limitations of this technique in work contexts. Furthermore, future studies should focus on a broader range of employee groups, including non-caring professions as well as individuals working in non-Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kotera
- Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
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Cunningham T, Çayir E. Nurse Leaders Employ Contemplative Practices to Promote Healthcare Professional Well-being and Decrease Anxiety. J Nurs Adm 2021; 51:156-161. [PMID: 33570373 DOI: 10.1097/nna.0000000000000987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a daylong resilience retreat on healthcare professionals' anxiety levels, intention to engage in mindfulness practices, and self-efficacy around mindfulness. BACKGROUND Caregiver burnout is a concern that needs to be addressed at the organizational level so that professionals can reduce their risk of psychological injury while providing high-quality care. The COVID-19 (novel coronavirus) pandemic has exacerbated symptoms of burnout among nurses nationally. METHODS Ten sessions of daylong resilience retreats were delivered to independent groups of nurses, nurse practitioners, and other healthcare professionals. Preretreat and postretreat assessments were completed using a 19-item survey developed by the research team to assess state anxiety, intention to engage in mindfulness practices, and self-efficacy around mindfulness. RESULTS One hundred six healthcare professionals completed the resilience retreats. There was a statistically significant decrease in state anxiety scores following the retreat. The majority of the participants reported high intentions to engage in mindfulness practices and felt confident about incorporating mindfulness in their lives. CONCLUSIONS Brief resilience retreats endorsed by nurse leadership can reduce perceived anxiety and facilitate engagement in contemplative practices, which are associated with a decrease in the risk of burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Cunningham
- Author Affiliations: Vice President (Dr Cunningham), Practice & Innovation, Emory Healthcare Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Postdoctoral Research Associate (Dr Cayir), University of Virginia School of Nursing, Charlottesville
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Di Fabio A, Saklofske DH. The relationship of compassion and self-compassion with personality and emotional intelligence. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 169:110109. [PMID: 32394994 PMCID: PMC7211602 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The two studies presented in this article examine the relationships of personality traits and trait emotional intelligence (EI) with compassion and self-compassion in samples of Italian workers. Study 1 explored the relationship between trait EI and both compassion and self-compassion, controlling for the effects of personality traits in 219 workers of private Italian organizations. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that trait EI explained variance beyond that accounted for by personality traits in relation to both compassion and self-compassion. Study 2 analyzed the contribution of trait EI in mediating the relationship between personality traits and both compassion and self-compassion of 231 workers from public Italian organizations with results supporting the mediating role of trait EI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Di Fabio
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology (Psychology Section), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Predictors of compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction among emergency nurses: A cross-sectional survey. Int Emerg Nurs 2021; 55:100961. [PMID: 33434857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2020.100961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Challenging emergency caring situations can contribute to compassion fatigue and burnout among emergency nurses. These variables have been widely researched, although not among Chinese nurses. Pertinent findings will extend the international literature in this domain. AIMS This study aimed to develop and test a model that delineates the predictive relationship that empathy, self-compassion, job satisfaction, individual and work-related factors share with compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction. METHODS A cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Data were collected from 186 emergency nurses recruited from eight hospitals across six cities in China. Descriptive statistics were computed, and univariate and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS Empathy, job satisfaction, and self-compassion explained a substantial proportion of the variance in compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction. Factors related to life disruption and traumatic memories significantly predicted compassion fatigue and burnout. The final model included the following predictors: prior history of a severe illness, perspective taking, compassionate care, employee engagement, mindfulness, self-judgement, and over-identification. CONCLUSIONS Stress involved in providing emergency care may increase emotional and work-related burden among emergency nurses. Organisations should design interventions that nurture empathy, promote self-compassion, and improve job satisfaction to alleviate their compassion fatigue and burnout and increase compassion satisfaction.
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McEwan K, Minou L, Moore H, Gilbert P. Engaging with distress: Training in the compassionate approach. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2020; 27:718-727. [PMID: 32187418 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Mental health nurses provide care within an environment that is often threatening. The environment is often threatening because: (a) patients' needs are complex and highly emotional, (b) nurses often do not have the time and resources they would wish for and (c) caring for patients can be emotionally exhausting and distressing. Compassionate care involves providing a welcoming environment, promoting bidirectional compassion, providing training in compassion and creating supportive organizations. To date, there is no study evaluating compassion interventions for the high-threat profession of mental health nursing and no study qualitatively evaluating compassion training and implementation. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This study looked at what happens if compassion training delivered by the originator of Gilbert's model of compassion is given to mental health nurses. Nurses were interviewed 1 year later to see how relevant and useful the training was, and whether they had been able to use it in their daily work. Consistent with previous studies, the study found a reduction in professionals' self-criticism and an increase in self-compassion, which in this study extended to increased compassion and reduced criticism of colleagues and patients; and professionals applying the training directly to reduce patient self-criticism. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Nurses felt that more training and supervision was needed to build the confidence to use the training regularly at work. They felt it had been difficult to use the training because of the threatening environment in which they worked. Nurses recommended that the whole organization would need the training to make it part of their everyday work. ABSTRACT: Introduction Compassionate care involves providing a welcoming environment, promoting bidirectional compassion, providing training in compassion and creating supportive organizations. To date, there has not been a study evaluating compassion interventions for the high-threat profession of mental health nursing. Neither has there been a study providing an in-depth qualitative evaluation of training and implementation. The current study aims to address these gaps in the literature. Aim The aims were to evaluate Compassionate Mind Training-CMT for mental health nurses and to assess implementation. Method Focus groups were conducted (N = 28) 1 year later to evaluate CMT and implementation. Results Content analysis revealed four training themes: (a) Useful framework; (b) Thought-provoking and exciting; (c) Appreciation of person-centred approach; and (d) Need for ongoing training and supervision. Three implementation themes emerged: (a) Applied approach with patients and staff themselves; (b) Environmental challenges to implementation; and (c) Attitudinal challenges to implementation. Discussion Consistent with previous studies, professionals experienced reduced self-criticism and an increased self-compassion, which extended to increased compassion and reduced criticism of colleagues and patients; and professionals applying training directly to reduce patient self-criticism. Implications For successful implementation, formal adoption of compassion approaches is needed with strategic integration at all levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten McEwan
- College of Health and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Lina Minou
- College of Health and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | | | - Paul Gilbert
- College of Health and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
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Murfield J, Moyle W, Jones C, O'Donovan A. Self-Compassion, Health Outcomes, and Family Carers of Older Adults: An Integrative Review. Clin Gerontol 2020; 43:485-498. [PMID: 30612532 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2018.1560383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review sought to synthesize published evidence about the role of self-compassion on health outcomes for family carers of older adults, to describe the current state of knowledge. METHOD Using an integrative review method that permitted any research design, eight databases were searched. Extensive searching of gray literature sources was also undertaken. Studies included in the review underwent processes of methodological quality assessment (Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool - Version 2011), data extraction, analysis, and syntheses. RESULTS Four studies were included: two randomized controlled trials, a descriptive cross-sectional survey, and a qualitative study. There was preliminary evidence to show the potential of self-compassion to help family carers cope and reduce levels of burden. However, efficacy of self-compassion interventions to improve family carer health outcomes could not be determined. CONCLUSIONS Self-compassion in family carers of older adults is a new and emerging research area, and there is very little published evidence about how self-compassion might be developed to improve health outcomes for family carers. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS To inform clinical understanding within this population, future quality research is needed, particularly regarding proof-of-concept, moderating effects of carer and care recipient factors, reliability of self-compassion measures, and the development and testing of self-compassion based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Murfield
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Nathan Campus, Griffith University , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wendy Moyle
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Nathan Campus, Griffith University , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cindy Jones
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University , Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Analise O'Donovan
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Applied Psychology, Nathan Campus, Griffith University , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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42
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Allen D, Spencer G, McEwan K, Catarino F, Evans R, Crooks S, Gilbert P. The Schwartz Centre Rounds: Supporting mental health workers with the emotional impact of their work. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2020; 29:942-952. [PMID: 32413204 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In healthcare settings, there is an emotional cost to caring which can result in compassion fatigue, burnout, secondary trauma, and compromised patient care. Innovative workplace interventions such as the Schwartz Rounds offer a group reflective practice forum for clinical and non-clinical professionals to reflect on the emotional aspects of working in health care. Whilst the Rounds are established in medical health practice, this study presents an evaluation of the Rounds offered to mental health services. The Rounds were piloted amongst 150 mental health professionals for 6 months and evaluated using a mixed-methods approach with standardized evaluation forms completed after each Round and a focus group (n = 9) at one-month follow-up. This paper also offers a unique six-year follow-up of the evaluation of the Rounds. Rounds were rated as helpful, insightful, and relevant, and at six years follow-up, Rounds were still rated as valuable and viewed as embedded. Focus groups indicated that Rounds were valued because of the opportunity to express emotions (in particular negative emotions towards patients that conflict with the professional care-role), share experiences, and feel validated and supported by colleagues. The findings indicate that Schwartz Rounds offer a positive application in mental healthcare settings. The study supports the use of interventions which provide an ongoing forum in which to discuss emotions, develop emotional literacy, provide peer support and set an intention for becoming a more compassionate organization in which to work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Allen
- Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | | | | | | | - Rachael Evans
- Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | - Sarah Crooks
- College of Life and Natural Sciences College of Life and Natural, Derby, UK
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43
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Conversano C, Ciacchini R, Orrù G, Di Giuseppe M, Gemignani A, Poli A. Mindfulness, Compassion, and Self-Compassion Among Health Care Professionals: What's New? A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1683. [PMID: 32849021 PMCID: PMC7412718 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Health care professionals (HCPs) are a population at risk for high levels of burnout and compassion fatigue. The aim of the present systematic review was to give an overview on recent literature about mindfulness and compassion characteristics of HCPs, while exploring the effectiveness of techniques, involving the two aspects, such as MBSR or mindfulness intervention and compassion fatigue-related programs. A search of databases, including PubMed and PsycINFO, was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the methodological quality for this systematic review was appraised using AMSTAR-2 (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews-2). The number of articles that met the inclusion criteria was 58 (4 RCTs, 24 studies with pre-post measurements, 12 cross-sectional studies, 11 cohort studies and 7 qualitative studies). MBSR intervention was effective at improving, and maintaining, mindfulness and self-compassion levels and to improve burnout, depression, anxiety, stress. The most frequently employed interventional strategies were mindfulness-related trainings that were effective at improving mindfulness and self-compassion, but not compassion fatigue, levels. Compassion-related interventions have been shown to improve self-compassion, mindfulness and interpersonal conflict levels. Mindfulness was effective at improving negative affect and compassion fatigue, while compassion satisfaction may be related to cultivation of positive affect. This systematic review summarized the evidence regarding mindfulness- and compassion-related qualities of HCPs as well as potential effects of MBSR, mindfulness-related and compassion-related interventions on professionals' psychological variables like mindfulness, self-compassion and quality of life. Combining structured mindfulness and compassion cultivation trainings may enhance the effects of interventions, limit the variability of intervention protocols and improve data comparability of future research.
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Abstract
Oncology nurses are at increased risk for compassion fatigue compared with those in other specialties. This article describes a quality improvement project to create self-compassion tool kits by incorporating the input and opinions of the frontline staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Reiser
- In Pittsburgh, Pa., Victoria L. Reiser is a senior professional staff nurse II at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Shadyside, and a DNP student at the University of Pittsburgh; and Judith F. Zedreck Gonzalez is a professor and coordinator of the health systems executive leadership program at the University of Pittsburgh
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45
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Lin CH, Liu YC, Chiang HH. From self-compassion to compassionate action: reflecting on ending life of stillbirth care in nursing. Scand J Caring Sci 2020; 35:260-267. [PMID: 32346878 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nurses' distress in response to the professional experience of the neonatal loss and stillbirth care is poorly addressed in nursing practice; therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore nurses' experiences of labour of a stillborn baby. A qualitative approach with ten Registered Nurses from hospital birth units in northern Taiwan was used to investigate the stillbirth care experiences of nurses. Research data analysed by interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) were collected from eight digital recorded sessions of group dialogues, nurses' responses and feedbacks. Three main themes extracted from data include unfolding the suffering, engrossing in stillborn parents and demonstrating compassionate actions for the stillborn baby. Unfolding the suffering includes shame, guilt and disenfranchised grief. Engrossing in stillborn parents includes perceiving the mother's suppress sadness and empathising with the father's anger. Finally, demonstrating compassionate actions includes fulfilling the parents' needs to say goodbye to their stillborn baby and saying a personal goodbye to the dead baby. The finding of this study shows that the reflective group provided the space for nurses to unfold their suffering, share their emotion, and develop practical wisdom in caring for stillborn baby and the parents. The experience of nurse group conducting the reflecting dialogues could be a expository strategy to promote the nurse to provide the compassionate care actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hui Lin
- Kang Ning University of Nursing, School of Nursing, Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying-Chun Liu
- School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsien-Hsien Chiang
- School of Nursing, Institute of Clinical Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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46
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Murfield J, Moyle W, O'Donovan A. Self-compassion as an applicable intervention target for family carers of older adults: A conceptual commentary. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 35:376-383. [PMID: 31894594 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Murfield
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wendy Moyle
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Analise O'Donovan
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Quality of Life in Nursing Professionals: Burnout, Fatigue, and Compassion Satisfaction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041253. [PMID: 32075252 PMCID: PMC7068555 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to analyse the quality of life of nursing professionals and its relationship with socio-demographic variables and the work context. A multi-centre, descriptive, cross-sectional design was used. Questionnaires were administered to 1521 nurses working in the Andalusian Public Health System (APHS), Spain. Professional quality of life (ProQOL v. IV) was measured, as well as several socio-demographic and work-related variables. To this end, a descriptive analysis and multiple exploratory analyses were conducted. The levels of compassion fatigue (CF) and burnout (BO) were elevated. The level of compassion satisfaction (CS) was below the estimated mean. Marital status, the healthcare setting, the area where the centre is located, and the work shift are variables associated with CF. According to the multiple linear regression model, the predicting factors for the occurrence of CF were being married, working in primary care, in urban areas, and working a morning/evening/night shift. The variables related to CS were the professional’s age, sex, marital status, the healthcare setting of the centre, the location of the centre, and the work shift. Specifically, according to the exploratory model, the factors that predicted a reduction in CS were working in primary care, in urban areas, and working a morning/evening/night shift. However, being divorced increased CS. BO was influenced only by the work shift. Nursing professionals are exposed to certain factors that may influence professional quality of life. Some of these factors are related to the work context.
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Dev V, Fernando AT, Consedine NS. Self-compassion as a Stress Moderator: A Cross-sectional Study of 1700 Doctors, Nurses, and Medical Students. Mindfulness (N Y) 2020; 11:1170-1181. [PMID: 32435318 PMCID: PMC7223415 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-020-01325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Work stress is common in healthcare and reliably predicts negative outcomes, including burnout and lower quality of life (QOL). However, few studies have investigated factors that might attenuate the impact of stress on these negative outcomes. We investigated whether the tendency to be kind to the self during times of difficulty—self-compassion—might buffer the effect of work stress on outcomes. Methods Registered nurses (n = 801), physicians (n = 516), and medical students (n = 383) were recruited using convenience sampling in New Zealand. Following consent, participants (N = 1700) completed a survey including the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Self-Compassion Scale–Short Form. Results Across groups, greater work stress consistently predicted greater burnout and lower QOL, while greater self-compassion predicted lower burnout and better QOL. Self-compassion moderated the relationship between stress and burnout in nurses (albeit in the opposite direction to what had been predicted), but not in doctors or medical students. Conclusions While self-compassion predicted better outcomes (and may thus represent a target to enhance wellbeing), it strengthened the association between stress and burnout in nurses. How self-compassion impacts the experience of stress and its correlates and why it does so differently in different groups of professionals remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Dev
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Antonio T Fernando
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nathan S Consedine
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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49
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Grauerholz KR, Fredenburg M, Jones PT, Jenkins KN. Fostering Vicarious Resilience for Perinatal Palliative Care Professionals. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:572933. [PMID: 33134232 PMCID: PMC7579417 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.572933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The demands on healthcare professionals caring for families grappling with a life-limiting condition in an unborn or newly born child can be overwhelming. Clinicians working in emergency/trauma, hospice, and pediatric settings are already at high risk for burnout and compassion fatigue, which can leave healthcare institutions increasingly vulnerable to poor retention, absenteeism, and waning quality of care. The provision of exemplary palliative care requires a cohesive interdisciplinary team of seasoned professionals resilient to daily challenges. In September 2019, the American College of Gynecology, in a committee opinion, published standard of care guidelines for perinatal palliative care. This has created an impetus for exceptional caregiving and a greater demand for both physician and interdisciplinary healthcare provider education, training, and ongoing support that promotes truly beneficent care for pregnant patients confronted with life-limiting fetal conditions. Methods: A scoping review of the research literature was conducted in order to distinguish the barriers and facilitators of professional resiliency in perinatal palliative care. PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, and EBSCO Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collections were systematically reviewed. Because of the paucity of studies specific to perinatal palliative care, several interviews of nurses and physicians in that field were conducted and analyzed for content distinctly pertaining to personal practices or workplace factors that support or hinder professional resiliency. Results: The research indicated that medical professionals often cite a lack of knowledge, inexperience using effective communication skills related to perinatal palliative care and bereavement, challenges with interdisciplinary collaboration, misconceptions about the role and function of palliative care in the perinatal or neonatal settings, moral distress, and workload challenges as encumbrances to professional satisfaction. Strategic implementation of facility-wide bereavement care training, effective communication modalities, and evidenced-based practical applications are critical components for a thriving perinatal palliative care team. Authentic formal and informal debriefing, peer mentoring, adequate caseloads, robust provider self-care practices, exceptional relational efficacy, and cultural and spiritual humility can foster personal growth and even vicarious resilience for perinatal palliative care professionals. Conclusions: Support should be strategic and multifaceted. The onus to implement salient measures to cultivate resilience in the perinatal palliative caregiver should not be only upon the individuals themselves but also upon prevailing regulatory governing bodies and healthcare institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Premala Tara Jones
- Life Perspectives, San Diego, CA, United States.,Counseling and Testing Center, University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States
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50
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Malcom DR. The Critical Role of Self-Compassion and Empathy in Well-Being. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2019; 83:7784. [PMID: 32001897 PMCID: PMC6983885 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe7784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Malcom
- Sullivan University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Louisville, Kentucky
- Associate Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
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