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Xu Z, Zhao B, Zhang Z, Wang X, Jiang Y, Zhang M, Li P. Prevalence and associated factors of secondary traumatic stress in emergency nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2321761. [PMID: 38426665 PMCID: PMC10911249 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2321761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Nurses in emergency departments are at a high risk of experiencing secondary traumatic stress because of their frequent exposure to trauma patients and high-stress environments.Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the overall prevalence of secondary traumatic stress among emergency nurses and to identify the contributing factors.Method: We conducted a systematic search for cross-sectional studies in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Wanfang Database, and China National Knowledge Internet up to October 21, 2023. The Joanna Briggs Institute's appraisal checklists for prevalence and analytical cross-sectional studies were used for quality assessment. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using Cochrane's Q test and the I2 statistic. A random effects model was applied to estimate the pooled prevalence of secondary traumatic stress, and subgroup analyses were performed to explore sources of heterogeneity. Descriptive analysis summarized the associated factors.Results: Out of 345 articles retrieved, 14 met the inclusion criteria, with 11 reporting secondary traumatic stress prevalence. The pooled prevalence of secondary traumatic stress among emergency nurses was 65% (95% CI: 58%-73%). Subgroup analyses indicated the highest prevalence in Asia (74%, 95% CI: 72%-77%), followed by North America (59%, 95% CI: 49%-72%) and Europe (53%, 95% CI: 29%-95%). Nine studies identified associated factors, including personal, work-related, and social factors. In the subgroup of divided by recruitment period, emergency department nurses in the COVID-19 outbreak period had a higher prevalence of secondary traumatic stress (70%, 95% CI: 62%-78%).Conclusions: Secondary traumatic stress prevalence is notably high among emergency department nurses, with significant regional variations and period differences. The factors affecting secondary traumatic stress also varied across studies. Future research should focus on improving research designs and sample sizes to pinpoint risk factors and develop prevention strategies.Registration: PROSPERO CRD42022301167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Xu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nursing, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Nursing Theory & Practice Innovation Research Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingnan Zhao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nursing, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Nursing Theory & Practice Innovation Research Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nursing, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Nursing Theory & Practice Innovation Research Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nursing, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Nursing Theory & Practice Innovation Research Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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Sagherian K, Cho H, Steege LM. The insomnia, fatigue, and psychological well-being of hospital nurses 18 months after the COVID-19 pandemic began: A cross-sectional study. J Clin Nurs 2024; 33:273-287. [PMID: 35869416 PMCID: PMC9349539 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has shown sleep problems, elevated fatigue, and high cases of burnout, as well as signs of post-traumatic stress and psychological distress among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many US hospitals attempted to minimise its impact on staff by providing basic resources, mental health services, and wellness programs. Therefore, it is critical to re-evaluate these well-being indices and guide future administrative efforts. PURPOSE To determine the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic after 18 months on hospital nurses' insomnia, fatigue, burnout, post-traumatic stress, and psychological distress. DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS Data were collected online mainly through state board and nursing association listservs between July-September 2021 (N = 2488). The survey had psychometrically tested instruments (Insomnia Severity Index, Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Short Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Patient Health Questionnaire-4) and sections on demographics, health, and work. The STrengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology checklist was followed for reporting. RESULTS Nurses had subthreshold insomnia, moderate-to-high chronic fatigue, high acute fatigue, and low-to-moderate intershift recovery. Regarding burnout, they experienced increased emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment, and some depersonalisation. Nurses had mild psychological distress but scored high on post-traumatic stress. Nurses who frequently cared for patients with COVID-19 in the past months scored significantly worse in all measures than their co-workers. Factors such as nursing experience, shift length, and frequency of rest breaks were significantly related to all well-being indices. CONCLUSION Nurses' experiences were similar to findings from the early pandemic but with minor improvements in psychological distress. Nurses who frequently provided COVID-19 patient care, worked ≥12 h per shift, and skipped rest breaks scored worse on almost all well-being indices. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Administration can help nurses' recovery by providing psychological support, mental health services, and treatment options for insomnia, as well as re-structure current work schedules and ensure that rest breaks are taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knar Sagherian
- College of NursingThe University of Tennessee KnoxvilleKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Hyeonmi Cho
- School of NursingUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Linsey M. Steege
- School of NursingUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
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Väisänen V, Ruotsalainen S, Säynäjäkangas P, Mänttäri S, Laitinen J, Sinervo T. Effects of workday characteristics and job demands on recovery from work among Finnish home care nurses: a multi-source cross-sectional study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024; 97:65-74. [PMID: 38032508 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-02026-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ageing populations and poor care workforce availability are causing increasing job demands for home care nurses across Europe. While recovery from work helps sustain work ability and wellbeing, past research has relied mainly on self-reported measures of health, stressors, and recovery. This study aims to examine how objective and subjective job demands are associated with measured day-time recovery among home care nurses. METHODS Heart rate variability recording was conducted for 95 Finnish home care nurses. The study participants documented their work tasks throughout the workday and filled a wellbeing questionnaire. The amount of care time, breaktime, number of different weekly clients, and their care needs were obtained from the survey. The associations between job demands and measured day-time recovery were analysed using multivariate linear regression. RESULTS The amount of day-time recovery was on average 75 min. The number of different clients during the workday (e.g., care continuity) and higher care needs of the clients were associated with lower day-time recovery. Additionally, something slightly disrupting the course of the workday was associated with increased recovery. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that reducing especially the objective job demands (workday characteristics) can contribute to better day-time recovery among home care nurses. To help sustain work ability and improve wellbeing, day-time recovery can be promoted with better work scheduling that supports care continuity and ensures sufficient care resources and support for nurses with many clients or clients with high care needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visa Väisänen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | - Satu Mänttäri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Timo Sinervo
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Almino RHSC, Pereira da Silva AB, Dantas ALDM, de Menezes HF, da Costa Prado NC, Stefany da Costa Santos R, Manso RKGDS, Targino Ferreira T, da Silva RAR. Middle-Range Theory of Occupational Stress in Health Professionals. SAGE Open Nurs 2024; 10:23779608241236290. [PMID: 38464600 PMCID: PMC10924540 DOI: 10.1177/23779608241236290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Occupational stress affects health professionals; however, no literature was found on the middle-range theory for this outcome in health professionals. Methods Methodological study for the theoretical validation of a nursing diagnosis using the theoretical framework of Walker and Avant and the Betty Neuman systems models. The research was conducted in five stages: comprehension of the system model; selection and review of studies; development of the conceptual-theoretical-empirical structure; elaboration of a diagram and proposition of a nursing diagnosis; and evaluation of the empirical adequacy of the theory and validity of the system model. These steps were conducted using a scoping review and a sample of 138 articles selected in the Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, LILACS, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases. A data extraction instrument was developed, and study variables (attributes, antecedents, and clinical consequences) were analyzed using descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequencies) and presented in tables. Results The middle-range theory comprised 16 concepts, 20 propositions, and one diagram. A total of 15 related factors, 29 defining characteristics, six at-risk populations, and one associated condition were indicated to propose the nursing diagnosis for occupational stress. Conclusion The middle-range theory supported elaborating elements to propose a nursing diagnosis for occupational stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romanniny Hévillyn Silva Costa Almino
- Brazilian Hospital Services Company, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Pereira da Silva
- Brazilian Hospital Services Company, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Anna Lívia de Medeiros Dantas
- Brazilian Hospital Services Company, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Department of Nursing, Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Nanete Caroline da Costa Prado
- Department of Nursing, Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Rebecca Stefany da Costa Santos
- Department of Nursing, Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Roberta Keile Gomes de Sousa Manso
- Brazilian Hospital Services Company, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Department of Nursing, Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Thais Targino Ferreira
- Department of Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Richardson Augusto Rosendo da Silva
- Department of Nursing, Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Xie W, Liu M, Okoli CTC, Zeng L, Huang S, Ye X, Liu F, Wang J. Construction and evaluation of a predictive model for compassion fatigue among emergency department nurses: A cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud 2023; 148:104613. [PMID: 37839306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compassion fatigue is a syndrome resulting from long-term work-related traumatic event stress exposure of medical staff. The emergency department is considered to be a high-risk, high-intensity and high-stress work environment, with a high prevalence of trauma and violence. Nurses in the emergency department are more prone to compassion fatigue than nurses in other departments. Compassion fatigue not only affects the physical and mental health, and job satisfaction of emergency department nurses, but also causes serious consequences for patients, such as poor patient outcome, medical errors, and increased patient mortality during hospitalization. OBJECTIVES Our study aims to develop and evaluate a predictive model for compassion fatigue among emergency department nurses. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. DATA SOURCES The emergency department nurses (N = 1014) were recruited from 21 tertiary hospitals (from Chengdu, Chongqing, Guiyang, Guangzhou and Shanghai) in central, southwestern, southern, and eastern China from July 25, 2022 to October 30, 2022. METHODS Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the potential predictive factors associated with compassion fatigue in emergency department nurses. A nomogram was built based on the predictive factors and internally evaluated using a bootstrap resampling method (1000 bootstrap resamples). The performance of the predictive model was evaluated by measuring the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test and calibration curve. RESULTS The prevalence of compassion fatigue among emergency department nurses was 75.9 %. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the independent predictive factors for compassion fatigue among emergency department nurses were working position, job satisfaction, diet habit, sleep hours per day, occupational stress, physical harassment and the level of workplace violence, all of which were identified to create the nomogram. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test indicated that the predictive model was well calibrated (χ2 = 11.520, P = 0.174). The bootstrap-corrected concordance index of nomogram was 0.821 (95 % CI: 0.791-0.851). The calibration curve of the nomogram showed good consistency between the predicted and actual probabilities. CONCLUSIONS A predictive model of compassion fatigue among emergency department nurses has been developed, based on the general demographic, work-related and lifestyle characteristics, occupational stress, and workplace violence, with satisfactory predictive ability. This model can identify emergency department nurses who are at high risk of compassion fatigue. Our study provides an empirical basis for early detection, early diagnosis and early intervention of emergency department nurses at high risk of compassion fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Manli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chizimuzo T C Okoli
- University of Kentucky College of Nursing, 517 College of Nursing Building, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Li Zeng
- Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, No. 173 Longdu South Road, Longquanyi District, Chengdu City, Sichuan province 610100, China.
| | - Shuqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Fan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jialin Wang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166 Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan province 611137, China.
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Baker C, Malik G, Davis J, McKenna L. Experiences of nurses and midwives with disabilities: A scoping review. J Adv Nurs 2023; 79:4149-4163. [PMID: 37553870 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM To identify the extent and type of evidence exploring the workplace experiences of nurses and midwives with disabilities. DESIGN Scoping Review. DATA SOURCES Four electronic databases were systematically searched in February 2022 to identify studies discussing the experiences of nurses and midwives with disabilities, published between 2012 and 2022. Google Scholar and Theses Global were also searched. REVIEW METHODS All search results, irrespective of their format, were uploaded to Covidence to assist with the selection of evidence. Studies discussing the experiences of nurses and midwives with disabilities were included. Two reviewers conducted screening and data extraction independently, and a third reviewer resolved conflicts. RESULTS Searches identified 130 studies. After screening for title and abstract, full-text review identified 23 studies for data extraction and analysis. Data were summarized and presented in tabular form under two categories (1) workplace experiences and (2) impact in the workplace. Results were presented in a descriptive, narrative form with accompanying tables. CONCLUSION The nurse or midwife can be impacted significantly by disability. Currently, little is known about the workplace experiences of nurses and midwives with disabilities. Therefore, a better understanding of the experiences of the nurse and midwives with disabilities is important to increase diversity, equity, accessibility, and inclusion. IMPACT Shortage of nurses and midwives worldwide highlights the need to understand why nurses and midwives with disabilities decide to leave the profession. Further research exploring the experiences of nurses or midwives with disabilities will help identify support requirements, develop frameworks for reasonable adjustment accommodations, and assist with future workforce planning. The EQUATOR guidelines for PRISMA have been met. No Patient or Public Contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Baker
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gulzar Malik
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jenny Davis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa McKenna
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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L'Ecuyer KM, Subramaniam DS, Swope C, Lach HW. An Integrative Review of Response Rates in Nursing Research Utilizing Online Surveys. Nurs Res 2023; 72:471-480. [PMID: 37733644 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Online surveys in nursing research have both advantages and disadvantages. Reaching a sample and attaining an appropriate response rate is an ongoing challenge and necessitates careful consideration when designing a nursing research study using an online survey approach. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to explore response rates and survey characteristics of studies by nurse researchers that used online methodologies to survey nurses, nursing students, and nursing faculty. METHODS We conducted an integrative review of research studies that used online surveys for data collection published from 2011 to 2021. We examined response rates and survey characteristics such as recruitment method, use of incentives, question type, length of survey, time to complete the survey, and use of reminders. RESULTS Our review included 51 studies published by nurses with target samples of nurses, nursing students, or nursing faculty. Study sample sizes ranged from 48 to 29,283, the number of respondents ranged from 29 to 3,607, and the response rates ranged from 3.4% to 98%, with an average of 42.46%. Few patterns emerged regarding recruitment or other factors to enhance response rates; only five studies used incentives. CONCLUSION Response rates to online surveys are unlikely to reach the rates seen in older mailed surveys. Researchers need to design online survey studies to be easily accessible, concise, and appealing to participants.
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Hong S, Nam S, Wong JYH, Kim H. Post-traumatic responses to workplace violence among nursing professionals: a collaborative and comparative study in South Korea and Hong Kong. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:354. [PMID: 37794376 PMCID: PMC10548618 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence has had a significant and negative psychological impact on nursing professionals worldwide. Concerted worldwide efforts to improve work environments have not yet removed nursing professionals from the threat of violence. It is highly essential to conduct comparative research in various working environments where the nurses of each country have unique experiences of workplace violence. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in the rate, associated factors, and post-traumatic responses to workplace violence between South Korean and Chinese nurses in Hong Kong among East Asian countries. METHODS A cross-sectional, correlational study design recruited a total of 471 registered nurses (319 South Korean nurses and 152 Chinese nurses in Hong Kong; overall response rate = 78.5%) at online communities in South Korea and Hong Kong. The data were collected by conducting a Qualtrics survey from January 15, 2020, to July 24, 2021. A structured questionnaire was administered for data collection, including rate of workplace violence, perception of workplace violence, attitudes toward workplace violence, coping styles, post-traumatic cognitions, post-traumatic stress disorder, post-traumatic growth, and mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, and stress). T-test, chi-squared, and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS In our sample, 30.7% South Korean nurses and 31.6% Chinese nurses in Hong Kong had experienced workplace violence. South Korean and Chinese nurses in Hong Kong with experience of workplace violence had lower perceptions of it. Nurses with experience of workplace violence reported lower levels of mental health, and this trend was more prominent among South Korean nurses. CONCLUSIONS Our study findings showed a positive association between workplace violence and post-traumatic responses in both settings. We found that the close monitoring of post-traumatic responses associated with workplace violence could be improved by enhancing nurses' perception of workplace violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyun Hong
- College of Nursing Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nursing, Korean Bible University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Nam
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Janet Yuen Ha Wong
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Heejung Kim
- College of Nursing and Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Fukushima H, Imai H, Miyakoshi C, Naito A, Otani K, Matsuishi K. The sustained psychological impact of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on hospital workers 2 years after the outbreak: a repeated cross-sectional study in Kobe. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:313. [PMID: 37143062 PMCID: PMC10157547 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers who are exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 are psychologically distressed. This study aimed to evaluate the mental health outcomes of hospital workers 2 years after the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 and to identify changes in the stress of hospital workers and predicted risk factors. METHODS This survey was conducted 2 years after the initial evaluation performed under the first emergency declaration of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic among hospital workers at the same hospital in an ordinance-designated city in Japan from June to July 2022. Sociodemographic data, 19 stress-related question responses, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and the Maslach burnout inventory-general survey were collected. Multiple regression models were used to identify factors associated with each of the mental health outcomes 2 years after the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. RESULTS We received 719 valid responses. Between 2020 and 2022, hospital workers' anxiety about infection decreased, whereas their exhaustion and workload increased. Multiple regression analysis revealed that 2 years after the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, nurses and young people were at a higher risk of experiencing stress and burnout due to emotional exhaustion, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to examine the long-term stress of hospital workers measured in Japan. Exhaustion and workload were worsened 2 years into the pandemic. Therefore, health and medical institutions should continuously monitor the physical and psychological health of staff members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Fukushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Hissei Imai
- Health Promotion and Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Ohashi Clinic, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chisato Miyakoshi
- Department of Research Support, Center for Clinical Research and Innovation, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atsumi Naito
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kyohei Otani
- Department of Psychiatry, Kakogawa Central City Hospital, Kakogawa, Japan
| | - Kunitaka Matsuishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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Bentz JA, Vanderspank-Wright B, Lalonde M, Tyerman J. 'They all stay with me'-An interpretive phenomenological analysis on nurses' experiences resuscitating children in community hospital emergency departments. J Clin Nurs 2023; 32:701-714. [PMID: 35253290 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To understand the lived experiences of nurses resuscitating children in community hospital emergency departments. BACKGROUND Emergency department nurses exposed to paediatric resuscitations are at a high risk of developing post-traumatic stress. This may be especially true in community hospital emergency departments, where nurses have less exposure to, knowledge about, and resources for managing these events. Interventions to proactively prevent nurse trauma in these contexts remain largely uninvestigated. To inform such interventions, a detailed understanding of the largely unknown lived experiences of these nurses is necessary. DESIGN AND METHODS In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with four registered nurses that had experienced at least one paediatric resuscitation while working in a community hospital emergency department in Ontario, Canada. Data were analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. Reporting follows the COREQ checklist. RESULTS Analysis revealed three superordinate themes (i.e. 'Conceptualising Paediatric Resuscitations', 'Seeing What I See', and 'Making Sense of What I Saw') and nine corresponding subthemes. CONCLUSION This study provides insight into the infrequent, but profound experiences of nurses resuscitating children in community hospital emergency departments. Nurses, who conceptualise these events as unnatural, emotional, and chaotic, are comforted by those who understand their experiences and are distressed by those who cannot see what they see. To reconcile what they have seen, nurses may reflect and ruminate on the event, ultimately restructuring their experiences of themselves, others, and the world to make room for a new reality where the safety of childhood is not certain. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Our findings contribute to pragmatic recommendations for interventions to proactively prevent nurse distress in these contexts, including psychoeducation, psychological support and in-situ simulation activities. Nursing leaders should consider staff that have resuscitated children as valuable sources for information on how to improve practice settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Anne Bentz
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Michelle Lalonde
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jane Tyerman
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Gu L, Chang J, Wang J, Feng P, Xu H. Stress load of Chinese nurses in Fangcang Shelter Hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic: A latent profile analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1048358. [PMID: 36703822 PMCID: PMC9873243 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1048358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Omicron wave of the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected Shanghai, China, from March to June 2022. Numbers of Fangcang Shelter Hospitals (FSHs) were conversed from stadiums and exhibition centers to tackle the pandemic. This study aimed to identify the stress load profiles of nurses working in FSHs and explore the characteristics and factors influencing stress load profiles. Totally, 609 out of 700 FSH nurses (with an effective response rate of 87%) participated in an online survey investigating their socio-demographic information, work-related stressors, and stress load. Results of the latent profile analysis identified four classes of stress load, which were labeled as the low (Class 1), mild (Class 2), moderate (Class 3), and high (Class 4) stress load class. Maternity status and self-perceived health condition were significantly different between the four stress load classes by comparisons using the Chi-square test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The contributors to the stress load profiles were determined by the multinomial logistic regression analysis, including age, education, maternity status, self-perceived health condition, working time in FSHs, and the four dimensions of work-related stressors. Participants who were less healthy (OR = 0.045, 95% CI:0.012,0.171), worked longer time in FSHs (OR = 40.483, 95% CI: 12.103,135.410), faced with more workload (OR = 3.664, 95% CI: 1.047,12.815), and worse working environment (OR = 12.274, 95% CI: 3.029,49.729) were more likely to be classified to the high stress load class. The task arrangement and working environment for FSH nurses should be optimized, and psychological training should be conducted routinely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Gu
- Department of Neurology, 905th Hospital of the PLA Navy, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Chang
- Nursing Department, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jian Chang ✉
| | - Ji Wang
- Nursing Department, 905th Hospital of the PLA Navy, Shanghai, China,Ji Wang ✉
| | - Ping Feng
- Nursing Department, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Nagel C, Nilsson K. Nurses' Work-Related Mental Health in 2017 and 2020-A Comparative Follow-Up Study before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15569. [PMID: 36497643 PMCID: PMC9738150 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic put a lot of strain on healthcare organizations. Nurses account for over 50% of healthcare staff, and how nurses perform in their work is influenced by a number of human and work environmental factors. However, to our knowledge, there has not been a previous study with the intention to look at all areas that affect a sustainable working life and how these impact nurses' mental well-being. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between, and the effect of, different factors in nurses' work situations associated with nurses' work-related mental-health diagnoses, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A questionnaire was sent out to all 9219 nurses in the Swedish county of Skane in the spring of 2017 and during wave two of the COVID-19 pandemic in the fall of 2020. The data were analyzed through logistic regression analysis. The results showed that lack of joy in the daily work, an increased workload and lack of support from co-workers had an increased association with work-related mental-health diagnoses. Future research regarding the long-term impact of COVID-19 on all areas of nurses' professional and personal lives is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cicilia Nagel
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
- Division of Public Health, Kristianstad University, 29128 Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Nilsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
- Division of Public Health, Kristianstad University, 29128 Kristianstad, Sweden
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13
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Nurses’ Work Environment during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Person-Centred Practice—A Systematic Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14105785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The work environment and especially the psychosocial work environment influence the mental and physical well-being of employees. The aim of this study was to identify and analyse the state of knowledge regarding nurses’ work situation, health, and person-centred work during the COVID-19 pandemic through a systematic review. Methods: Systematic Review, nine included articles. The theoretical swAge model was used as the framework in a deductive content analysis. Results: The result was presented in the nine determinate areas from the swAge model and showed that all nine determinate areas of the swAge model were of importance to both the nurses’ sustainable work situation during the COVID-19 pandemic and to person-centred care. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative effect on nurses’ health, both physically but especially psychologically, with high levels of depression, anxiety, and burnout. Nurses experienced a lack of control and support from organizations. They had to work with limited resources and sometimes care for patients beyond their expertise. Conclusion: There is a further need for more studies that address person-centredness from an organisational perspective with the intention to develop strategies and measure activities on how to make the nurses’ work situation more sustainable, and to increase their ability to give more person-centred care.
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14
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Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and its associated factors among emergency department nurses in the Netherlands. Eur J Emerg Med 2022; 29:146-148. [PMID: 35210381 DOI: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Luceño-Moreno L, Talavera-Velasco B, Vázquez-Estévez D, Martín-García J. Mental Health, Burnout, and Resilience in Healthcare Professionals After the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: A Longitudinal Study. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:e114-e123. [PMID: 34935681 PMCID: PMC8887683 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine whether there are differences in symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, anxiety, levels of burnout and resilience in Spanish healthcare staff between the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and after it, depending on several demographic and work-related variables. METHODS A longitudinal study was conducted in April 2020 (T0), and July 2020 (T1). Symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, anxiety, burnout, levels of resilience, along with demographic and work-related variables in 443 workers were assessed. RESULTS Symptoms and burnout were more pronounced at T0, whereas the levels of resilience were higher at T1. Being women, being young, holding a lower-level job, less years of experience, lower educational level, and/or working rotating shifts are associated with having more posttraumatic stress symptoms and burnout. CONCLUSION These variables would be considered in similar situations.
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16
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Zeiher W, Sego E, Trimmer D, Bowers C. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Nurses During a Pandemic: Implications for Nurse Leaders. J Nurs Adm 2022; 52:E3-E8. [PMID: 35060955 DOI: 10.1097/nna.0000000000001112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the association between nurses' practice environment (NPE), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and intent to leave among nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND High levels of physiological and psychological stress in the workplace render nurses susceptible to PTSD. To date, little research has focused on the relationship between NPE, PTSD, and intent to leave during a major health crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was completed by nurses who were members of northeastern and midwestern state nurses' associations. RESULTS Approximately 44% of nurses sampled indicated a preference for leaving their position. Significant associations were identified between NPE and PTSD and between NPE and intent to leave. CONCLUSION This assessment of nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic may inform future mental health strategies and stress management interventions that support nurses continuing to work during a major health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Zeiher
- Author Affiliations: University of Indianapolis (Dr Zeiher); President (Dr Sego), Indiana State Nurses Association; and Assistant Professor (Mr Trimmer) and Associate Professor (Dr Bowers), University of Indianapolis
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17
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Loef J, Vloet LCM, Vierhoven PH, van der Schans L, Neyman-Lubbers Y, de Vries-de Winter C, Ebben RHA. Starting ambulance care professionals and critical incidents: a qualitative study on experiences, consequences and coping strategies. BMC Emerg Med 2021; 21:110. [PMID: 34620095 PMCID: PMC8495434 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-021-00500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambulance care professionals are regularly confronted with critical incidents that increase risks for mental health disorders. To minimize these risks, it is important that ambulance care professionals adequately cope with critical incidents. Especially from the perspective of starting ambulance care professionals it is unknown which coping styles they use when experiencing a critical incident and how they are trained to cope with critical incidents. The aim of this study was to gain insight in (a) what starting ambulance care professionals describe as critical incidents, (b) how they experience these critical incidents and their consequences, (c) how they cope with these incidents, and (d) how they are trained and guided to cope with these incidents. METHODS A qualitative design with individual, semi-structured interviews was used. The data was analyzed by using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Twenty-two starting ambulance care professionals were interviewed of which, 11 were male. The age ranged from 23 to 31 years, with 11 participants being 27 years or younger. Three key-themes emerged that make an incident critical: (1) emotional connection versus emotional detachment, (2) feeling loss of control, and (3) incomprehension. All participants experienced several short to middle term physical, psychological and social consequences after encountering a critical incident. Starting ambulance care professionals applied different coping strategies during different phases of the ambulance care process: a mix of depersonification, focus on the medical task, support from colleagues and their own network, seeking confirmation, and distraction. Most starting ambulance care professionals don't actively remember they received education about coping with critical incidents during their initial educational program. During and after traineeships, the workplace preceptor has a crucial role for starting ambulance care professionals to learn them how to cope with critical incidents. CONCLUSIONS Three key-themes interact to make an incident more critical for starting ambulance care professionals. To cope with these critical incidents, starting ambulance care professionals use a variety of coping strategies. These results can be used to develop training and coaching for starting ambulance care professionals so they can adequately cope with critical incidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorik Loef
- Emergency Medical Service Brabant Midden-West-Noord, 's Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. .,Research Department of Emergency and Critical Care, HAN University of Applied Sciences, School of Health Studies, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Lilian C M Vloet
- Research Department of Emergency and Critical Care, HAN University of Applied Sciences, School of Health Studies, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,IQ healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter-Hans Vierhoven
- Research Department of Emergency and Critical Care, HAN University of Applied Sciences, School of Health Studies, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,, Dutch platform of Bachelor of Medical Health, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie van der Schans
- Dutch Society of Bachelor of Medical Health, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Emergency Medical Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Neyman-Lubbers
- Emergency Medical Service Brabant Midden-West-Noord, 's Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Christine de Vries-de Winter
- Research Department of Emergency and Critical Care, HAN University of Applied Sciences, School of Health Studies, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,, Dutch platform of Bachelor of Medical Health, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Remco H A Ebben
- Research Department of Emergency and Critical Care, HAN University of Applied Sciences, School of Health Studies, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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18
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Martos Martínez Á, Molero Jurado MDM, Pérez-Fuentes MDC, Barragán Martín AB, Simón Márquez MDM, Gázquez Linares JJ. Role of Personality and Positive and Negative Affects in Coping Strategies of Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:682153. [PMID: 34539487 PMCID: PMC8446453 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.682153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nurses are exposed to many highly stressful events. Individual variables, such as personality and affective state, have been related to vulnerability to maladaptive coping. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to analyze the relationships between the personality, positive and negative affects, and coping strategies of nurses and to establish the mediating role of affective state in the relationship between personality and coping. The sample was made up of 1,268 Spanish nurses aged 22-63 years who completed the Coping Strategies Inventory, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the 10-item Big Five Inventory. Descriptive analyses, correlations, and mediation models were estimated. The results showed relationships between the Big Five personality factors, positive and negative affects, and coping strategies. Negative affect was confirmed as a mediator between personality and less adaptive strategies and positive affect was confirmed on positive strategies. This study emphasizes the need to develop actions directed at teaching nurses adequate problem-solving strategies and training them in the ability to assign a different emotional value to complex situations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay
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19
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Wang H, Xu G, Liang C, Li Z. Coping with job stress for hospital nurses during the COVID-19 crisis: The joint roles of micro-breaks and psychological detachment. J Nurs Manag 2021; 30:2116-2125. [PMID: 34327761 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine a mediated moderation of the effects of micro-break activity and psychological detachment on the relationship between job stress and work engagement among hospital nurses. BACKGROUND Nursing burnout, compassion fatigue and job stress have been relatively constant issues in nursing for at least the past decade-and the pervasiveness of the COVID-19 pandemic is intensifying them, which may lead to new challenges to work engagement. METHODS We tested our model using a time-lagged design to collect data from supervisor-subordinate dyads in seven public hospitals located in southern China, and 263 nurses and 58 head nurses in this survey. Confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson's correlation and hierarchical multiple regression were carried out. RESULTS The results showed that the adverse impact of job stress on work engagement disappeared when nurses engaged in high levels of micro-break activity. Moreover, the moderating role of micro-break activity was mediated by psychological detachment. CONCLUSIONS Micro-break activity and psychological detachment play joint roles in helping nurses to cope with job stress. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Nurse managers should change their negative attitude toward micro-break activity (if it exists) and help nurses find opportunities for detachment under high-pressure environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Wang
- School of Business Administration, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangyi Xu
- School of Business Administration, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiqi Liang
- School of Business Administration, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Business Administration, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Lee SJ, Kyung M, Leung C, Hong O. Gender differences in experience and reporting of acute symptoms among cleaning staff. Am J Ind Med 2021; 64:528-539. [PMID: 33811668 PMCID: PMC8562058 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cleaning tasks pose risks of hazardous chemical exposure and adverse health effects for cleaning workers. We examined gender differences among cleaning staff in the experience of chemical-related symptoms and in reporting to supervisors. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional reports from 171 university hospital or campus cleaning staff on chemical exposures to cleaning products, experience of acute symptoms, reporting of symptoms to supervisors, as well as demographic and psychosocial factors (risk perception, job demand/control, supervisor/co-worker support, and safety climate). Results were analized using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for demographic, job, and psychosocial factors. Interactions of gender and psychosocial variables were also examined. RESULTS Men and women reported different frequencies for exposure-related tasks. Acute symptoms of chemical exposure were more prevalent in women compared with men (46.0% vs. 25.4%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27-5.46). Women were more concerned about exposure to cleaning chemicals (p = 0.029) but reported symptoms to their supervisor less often than men (18.5% vs. 40.6%, adjusted OR = 0.28; 95% CI 0.09-0.93). More supervisor support was significantly associated with less frequent symptom experience among women (OR = 0.83; 95% CI 0.70-0.99). Asian workers and less educated workers were less likely than others to report symptoms to supervisors. Gender differences in symptom reporting to supervisors were not explained by psychosocial factors. CONCLUSIONS Women may have increased susceptibility or perception of symptoms from cleaning compared to men, but this may be mitigated by supervisor support. Female Asian workers with lower education may perceive more significant barriers in reporting work-related symptoms to supervisors. Further research is needed to explore factors related to underreporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Minjung Kyung
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cherry Leung
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - OiSaeng Hong
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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21
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Portoghese I, Galletta M, Meloni F, Piras I, Finco G, D'Aloja E, Campagna M. Dealing With COVID-19 Patients: A Moderated Mediation Model of Exposure to Patients' Death and Mental Health of Italian Health Care Workers. Front Psychol 2021; 12:622415. [PMID: 33716888 PMCID: PMC7943721 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.622415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is asking health care workers (HCWs) to meet extraordinary challenges. In turn, HCWs were experiencing tremendous psycho-social crisis as they have had to deal with unexpected emotional requirements (ERs) arising from caring for suffering and dying patients on a daily basis. In that context, recent studies have highlighted how HCWs working during the COVID-19 outbreak manifested extreme emotional and behavioral reactions that may have impacted their mental health, increasing the risk for developing post-traumatic stress symptoms. Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate post-traumatic stress symptoms, such as intrusion symptoms, as a potential mediator of the link between ERs and crying at work, and whether rumination moderates the relationship between ERs and intrusion-based PTS symptoms among HCWs who have had to deal with patients dying from COVID-19. Methods: An online cross-sectional study design was performed. A total of 543 Italian HCWs (physicians and nurses) participated in the study. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. We used the SPSS version of bootstrap-based PROCESS macro for testing the moderated mediation model. Results: ERs had an indirect effect on crying at work through the mediating role of intrusion symptoms. Results from the moderated mediation model showed that rumination moderated the indirect effect of ERs on crying at work via intrusion symptoms, and this effect was significant only for high rumination. Furthermore, when we tested for an alternative model where rumination moderates the direct effect of ERs on crying at work, this moderation was not significant. Conclusions: As the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing, there is an urgent need for decision-makers to rapidly implement interventions aimed at offering timely psychological support to HCWs, especially in those contexts where the risk of emotional labor associated to patients dying from COVID-19 is higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Portoghese
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federico Meloni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ilenia Piras
- PhD School in Biomedical Sciences (Public Health), University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Emergency Department SS. Trinità Hospital, Azienda Tutela Salute Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Finco
- Pain Therapy Service, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ernesto D'Aloja
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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22
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Sagherian K, Steege LM, Cobb SJ, Cho H. Insomnia, fatigue and psychosocial well-being during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey of hospital nursing staff in the United States. J Clin Nurs 2020. [PMID: 33219569 PMCID: PMC7753687 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To describe the levels of insomnia, fatigue and intershift recovery, and psychological well-being (burnout, post-traumatic stress and psychological distress), and to examine differences in these measures based on work-related characteristics among nursing staff during COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has created a major physical and psychological burden on nursing staff in the United States and worldwide. A better understanding of these conditions will lead to tailored support and resources for nursing staff during and after the pandemic. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Hospital nurses and nursing assistants (N = 587) were recruited online between May-June 2020. The survey included measures on insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index) fatigue and intershift recovery (Occupational Fatigue and Exhaustion Recovery-15), burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey), post-traumatic stress (Short Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Rating Interview) and psychological distress (Patient Health Questionnaire-4), and questions on work and demographics. The STROBE checklist was followed for reporting. RESULTS The sample had subthreshold insomnia, moderate-to-high chronic fatigue, high acute fatigue and low-to-moderate intershift recovery. The sample experienced increased emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, increased personal accomplishment, moderate psychological distress and high post-traumatic stress. Nurses who cared for COVID-19 patients had significantly scored worse on almost all measures than their co-workers. Certain factors such as working hours per week and the frequency of 30-min breaks were significant. CONCLUSION Nursing staff experienced poor sleep, fatigue and multiple psychological problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, staff who were involved in the care of COVID-19 patients, worked more than 40 h per week and skipped 30-min breaks showed generally worse self-reported outcomes. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Nursing administration is recommended to monitor for fatigue and distress on nursing units, re-visit current scheduling practices, reinforce rest breaks and provide access to mental health and sleep wellness resources with additional support for their front-line nursing groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knar Sagherian
- College of Nursing, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Linsey M Steege
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sandra J Cobb
- College of Nursing, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hyeonmi Cho
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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23
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Blanco-Donoso LM, Garrosa E, Moreno-Jiménez J, Gálvez-Herrer M, Moreno-Jiménez B. Occupational psychosocial risks of health professionals in the face of the crisis produced by the COVID-19: From the identification of these risks to immediate action. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING STUDIES ADVANCES 2020; 2:100003. [PMID: 38620526 PMCID: PMC7229946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2020.100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Manuel Blanco-Donoso
- Stress and Health Research Team, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Calle Ivan Pavlov, 6, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Eva Garrosa
- Stress and Health Research Team, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Calle Ivan Pavlov, 6, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Jennifer Moreno-Jiménez
- Stress and Health Research Team, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Calle Ivan Pavlov, 6, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Macarena Gálvez-Herrer
- Stress and Health Research Team, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Calle Ivan Pavlov, 6, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Bernardo Moreno-Jiménez
- Stress and Health Research Team, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Calle Ivan Pavlov, 6, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
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