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Encalada-Mena LA, Torres-Acosta JF, Sandoval-Castro CA, Reyes-Guerrero DE, Mancilla-Montelongo MG, López-Arellano R, Olmedo-Juárez A, López-Arellano ME. Comparison of P-glycoprotein gene expression of two Haemonchus contortus isolates from Yucatan, Mexico, with resistant or susceptible phenotype to ivermectin in relation to a susceptible reference strain. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2024; 52:101047. [PMID: 38880566 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The variability in the expression of different P-glycoprotein (P-gp) genes in parasitic nematodes of ruminants such as Haemonchus contortus (Hco-pgp) may be caused by different factors including nematode biology, geographical region and anthelmintic pressure. This study analysed the relative expression level of 10 P-gp genes in two H. contortus (Hco-pgp) field isolates from Yucatan, Mexico: 1) PARAISO (IVM-resistant) and 2) FMVZ-UADY (IVM-susceptible). These isolates were compared with a susceptible reference isolate from Puebla, Mexico, namely "CENID-SAI". In all cases H. contortus adult males were used. The Hco-pgp genes (1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14 and 16) were analysed for each isolate using the RT-qPCR technique. The Hco-pgp expressions were pairwise compared using the 2-ΔΔCt method and a t-test. The PARAISO isolate showed upregulation compared to the CENID-SAI isolate for Hco-pgp 1, 3, 9, 10 and 16 (P < 0.05), and the PARAISO isolate showed upregulation vs. FMVZ-UADY isolate for Hco-pgp 2 and 9 (P < 0.05), displaying 6.58- and 5.93-fold differences (P < 0.05), respectively. In contrast, similar Hco-pgp gene expression levels were recorded for FMVZ-UADY and CENID-SAI isolates except for Hco-pgp1 (P <0.1), which presented a significant upregulation (6.08-fold). The relative expression of Hco-pgp allowed confirming the IVM-resistant status of the PARAISO isolate and the IVM-susceptible status of the FMVZ-UADY isolate when compared to the CENID-SAI reference isolate. Therefore, understanding the association between the Hco-pgp genes expression of H. contortus and its IVM resistance status could help identifying the genes that could be used as molecular markers in the diagnosis of IVM resistance. However, it is important to consider the geographic origin of the nematode isolate and the deworming history at the farm of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandro Alberto Encalada-Mena
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Calle 53 S/N, Col. Unidad, Esfuerzo y Trabajo #2, C.P. 24350 Campeche, Mexico
| | - Juan Felipe Torres-Acosta
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carr. Mérida-Xmatkuil, C.P. 97100 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alfredo Sandoval-Castro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carr. Mérida-Xmatkuil, C.P. 97100 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - David E Reyes-Guerrero
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla # 8534, C.P. 62550 Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - María Gabriela Mancilla-Montelongo
- CONACYT-Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carr. Mérida-Xmatkuil, CP97100 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Raquel López-Arellano
- Laboratorio de Ensayos de Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, FES-Cuautitlán, Campo 4, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carr. México-Teoloyucan Km 2.5 Sn Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Agustín Olmedo-Juárez
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla # 8534, C.P. 62550 Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ma Eugenia López-Arellano
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla # 8534, C.P. 62550 Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico.
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Raza A, Williams AR, Abeer MM. Importance of ABC Transporters in the Survival of Parasitic Nematodes and the Prospect for the Development of Novel Control Strategies. Pathogens 2023; 12:755. [PMID: 37375445 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
ABC transporters, a family of ATP-dependent transmembrane proteins, are responsible for the active transport of a wide range of molecules across cell membranes, including drugs, toxins, and nutrients. Nematodes possess a great diversity of ABC transporters; however, only P-glycoproteins have been well-characterized compared to other classes. The ABC transport proteins have been implicated in developing resistance to various classes of anthelmintic drugs in parasitic nematodes; their role in plant and human parasitic nematodes still needs further investigation. Therefore, ABC transport proteins offer a potential opportunity to develop nematode control strategies. Multidrug resistance inhibitors are becoming more attractive for controlling nematodes due to their potential to increase drug efficacy in two ways: (i) by limiting drug efflux from nematodes, thereby increasing the amount of drug that reaches its target site, and (ii) by reducing drug excretion by host animals, thereby enhancing drug bioavailability. This article reviews the role of ABC transporters in the survival of parasitic nematodes, including the genes involved, their regulation and physiological roles, as well as recent developments in their characterization. It also discusses the association of ABC transporters with anthelmintic resistance and the possibility of targeting them with next-generation inhibitors or nutraceuticals (e.g., polyphenols) to control parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Curry E, Prichard R, Lespine A. Genetic polymorphism, constitutive expression and tissue localization of Dirofilaria immitis P-glycoprotein 11: a putative marker of macrocyclic lactone resistance. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:482. [PMID: 36544229 PMCID: PMC9773537 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dirofilaria immitis causes dirofilariosis, a potentially fatal condition in canids. Dirofilaria infections can be prevented with a macrocyclic lactone (ML) prophylactic regimen. However, some D. immitis isolates have become resistant to MLs. Genetic changes on the P-glycoprotein 11 gene, encoding an ABCB transporter, have been linked to the ML-resistant phenotypes and have been proposed as markers of drug resistance. However, nothing is known about the expression and the localization of this transporter in D. immitis, despite its strong link to ML-resistant phenotypes. METHODS We examined the clinically validated D. immitis P-glycoprotein 11 (DimPgp-11) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) via MiSeq analysis in three ML-susceptible isolates (Missouri, MP3 and Yazoo) and two ML-resistant isolates (JYD-34 and Metairie), and correlated the data with previously published MiSeq results of USA laboratory-maintained D. immitis isolates. The level of the expression of the DimPgp-11 messenger RNA transcript was analyzed by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and compared in the USA laboratory-maintained isolates, namely the ML-susceptible Missouri and Berkeley isolates, the putative ML-susceptible Georgia III and Big Head isolates and the ML-resistant isolate JYD-34. The immunolocalization of DimPgp-11 was visualized in the microfilaria (mf) life stage of the Missouri isolate using confocal microscopy. RESULTS The results confirmed that the SNP found on DimPgp-11 is differentially expressed in the USA laboratory-maintained isolates. The ML-susceptible isolates had an alternate allele frequency of between 0% and 15%, while it ranged between 17% and 56% in the ML-resistant isolates. The constitutive expression of DimPgp-11 was similar in the Berkeley, Georgia III and Big Head isolates, while it was significantly decreased in the ML-resistant JYD-34 isolate (P < 0.05), when compared to the ML-susceptible Missouri isolate. The DimPgp-11 protein was distinctly localized within the excretory-secretory (ES) duct, pore cells and the excretory cell and, more faintly, along the mf body wall. CONCLUSION Our data confirm that genetic polymorphism of DimPgp-11 is associated with ML resistance in USA laboratory-maintained D. imminits isolates. A link between DimPgp-11 and ML resistance in D. immitis is further supported by the lower protein expression in the ML-resistant JYD-34 isolate when compared with the ML-susceptible Missouri isolate. Interestingly, DimPgp-11 is strategically located surrounding the ES pore where it could play an active role in ML efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Curry
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Roger Prichard
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Anne Lespine
- grid.508721.9INTHERES, INRAE, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, 31027 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
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Transgenic Expression of Haemonchus contortus Cytochrome P450 Hco-cyp-13A11 Decreases Susceptibility to Particular but Not All Macrocyclic Lactones in the Model Organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169155. [PMID: 36012413 PMCID: PMC9409383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of reported macrocyclic lactones (ML) resistance cases across all livestock hosts is steadily increasing. Different studies in the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus assume the participation of cytochrome P450s (Cyps) enzymes in ML resistance. Still, functional data about their individual contribution to resistance or substrate specificity is missing. Via microinjection, transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing HCON_00141052 (transgene-Hco-cyp-13A11) from extrachromosomal arrays were generated. After 24 h of exposure to different concentrations of ivermectin (IVM), ivermectin aglycone (IVMa), selamectin (SEL), doramectin (DRM), eprinomectin (EPR), and moxidectin (MOX), motility assays were performed to determine the impact of the H. contortus Cyp to the susceptibility of the worms against each ML. While transgene-Hco-cyp-13A11 significantly decreased susceptibility to IVM (four-fold), IVMa (2-fold), and SEL (3-fold), a slight effect for DRM and no effect for MOX, and EPR was observed. This substrate specificity of Hco-cyp-13A11 could not be explained by molecular modeling and docking studies. Hco-Cyp-13A11 molecular models were obtained for alleles from isolates with different resistance statuses. Although 14 amino acid polymorphisms were detected, none was resistance specific. In conclusion, Hco-cyp-13A11 decreased IVM, IVMa, and SEL susceptibility to a different extent, but its potential impact on ML resistance is not driven by polymorphisms.
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Negrel L, Baltenweck R, Demangeat G, Le Bohec-Dorner F, Rustenholz C, Velt A, Gertz C, Bieler E, Dürrenberger M, Gombault P, Hugueney P, Lemaire O. Comparative Metabolomic Analysis of Four Fabaceae and Relationship to In Vitro Nematicidal Activity against Xiphinema index. Molecules 2022; 27:3052. [PMID: 35630529 PMCID: PMC9146138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), responsible for fanleaf degeneration, is spread in vineyards by the soil nematode Xiphinema index. Nematicide molecules were used to limit the spread of the disease until they were banned due to negative environmental impacts. Therefore, there is a growing interest in alternative methods, including plant-derived products with antagonistic effects to X. index. In this work, we evaluated the nematicidal potential of the aerial parts and roots of four Fabaceae: sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), sweet clover (Melilotus albus), and red clover (Trifolium pratense), as well as that of sainfoin-based commercial pellets. For all tested plants, either aerial or root parts, or both of them, exhibited a nematicidal effect on X. index in vitro, pellets being as effective as freshly harvested plants. Comparative metabolomic analyses did not reveal molecules or molecule families specifically associated with antagonistic properties toward X. index, suggesting that the nematicidal effect is the result of a combination of different molecules rather than associated with a single compound. Finally, scanning electron microscope observations did not reveal the visible impact of O. viciifolia extract on X. index cuticle, suggesting that alteration of the cuticle may not be the primary cause of their nematicidal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raymonde Baltenweck
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (R.B.); (G.D.); (F.L.B.-D.); (C.R.); (A.V.); (C.G.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
| | - Gerard Demangeat
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (R.B.); (G.D.); (F.L.B.-D.); (C.R.); (A.V.); (C.G.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
| | - Françoise Le Bohec-Dorner
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (R.B.); (G.D.); (F.L.B.-D.); (C.R.); (A.V.); (C.G.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
| | - Camille Rustenholz
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (R.B.); (G.D.); (F.L.B.-D.); (C.R.); (A.V.); (C.G.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
| | - Amandine Velt
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (R.B.); (G.D.); (F.L.B.-D.); (C.R.); (A.V.); (C.G.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
| | - Claude Gertz
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (R.B.); (G.D.); (F.L.B.-D.); (C.R.); (A.V.); (C.G.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
| | - Eva Bieler
- Nano Imaging Laboratory, Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; (E.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Markus Dürrenberger
- Nano Imaging Laboratory, Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; (E.B.); (M.D.)
| | | | - Philippe Hugueney
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (R.B.); (G.D.); (F.L.B.-D.); (C.R.); (A.V.); (C.G.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
| | - Olivier Lemaire
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (R.B.); (G.D.); (F.L.B.-D.); (C.R.); (A.V.); (C.G.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
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Jesudoss Chelladurai JRJ, Jones DE, Brewer MT. Characterization of a P-glycoprotein drug transporter from Toxocara canis with a novel pharmacological profile. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2021; 17:191-203. [PMID: 34753107 PMCID: PMC8586496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoproteins from the ATP-binding cassette transporter family are responsible for drug evasion by bacterial pathogens and neoplastic cells. More recently, these multidrug resistance transporters have been investigated for contributions to drug resistance in nematode parasites. In this study, we cloned and characterized the P-glycoprotein Tca-Pgp-11.1 from Toxocara canis, the canine intestinal ascarid. Large numbers of Tca-Pgp-11 transcripts were observed in the intestine of adult male and female worms. Heterologous expression studies confirmed sensitivity to known P-glycoprotein inhibitors. Interestingly, the competitive inhibitor verapamil had lower IC50 values than newer generation inhibitors that are designed to allosterically modulate mammalian P-glycoprotein. Consistent with other nematode P-glycoproteins, Tca-Pgp-11.1 was sensitive to ivermectin and selamectin but not moxidectin. Taken together, our data suggests that T. canis P-glycoproteins represent nematode-specific drug targets that could be exploited to enhance efficacy of existing anthelmintics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeba R J Jesudoss Chelladurai
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/ Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA
| | - Douglas E Jones
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA
| | - Matthew T Brewer
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA.
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Qureshi KA, Al Nasr I, Koko WS, Khan TA, Fatmi MQ, Imtiaz M, Khan RA, Mohammed HA, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Azam F, Bholay AD, Elhassan GO, Prajapati DK. In Vitro and In Silico Approaches for the Antileishmanial Activity Evaluations of Actinomycins Isolated from Novel Streptomyces smyrnaeus Strain UKAQ_23. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080887. [PMID: 34438937 PMCID: PMC8388687 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a Neglected Tropical Parasitic Disease (NTPD), is induced by several Leishmania species and is disseminated through sandfly (Lutzomyia longipalpis) bites. The parasite has developed resistance to currently prescribed antileishmanial drugs, and it has become pertinent to the search for new antileishmanial agents. The current study aimed to investigate the in vitro and in silico antileishmanial activity of two newly sourced actinomycins, X2 and D, produced by the novel Streptomyces smyrnaeus strain UKAQ_23. The antileishmanial activity conducted on promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania major showed actinomycin X2 having half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50), at 2.10 ± 0.10 μg/mL and 0.10 ± 0.0 μg/mL, and selectivity index (SI) values of 0.048 and 1, respectively, while the actinomycin D exhibited EC50 at 1.90 ± 0.10 μg/mL and 0.10 ± 0.0 μg/mL, and SI values of 0.052 and 1. The molecular docking studies demonstrated squalene synthase as the most favorable antileishmanial target protein for both the actinomycins X2 and D, while the xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase was the least favorable target protein. The molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that both the actinomycins remained stable in the binding pocket during the simulations. Furthermore, the MMPBSA (Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area) binding energy calculations established that the actinomycin X2 is a better binder than the actinomycin D. In conclusion, both actinomycins X2 and D from Streptomyces smyrnaeus strain UKAQ_23 are promising antileishmanial drug candidates and have strong potential to be used for treating the currently drug-resistant leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal A. Qureshi
- Faculty of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly 243123, UP, India;
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Qassim, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ibrahim Al Nasr
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Qassim, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Science Laboratories, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Qassim, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Waleed S. Koko
- Department of Science Laboratories, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Qassim, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tariq A. Khan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Qassim, Saudi Arabia;
| | - M. Qaiser Fatmi
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45600, Pakistan; (M.Q.F.); (M.I.)
| | - Mahrukh Imtiaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45600, Pakistan; (M.Q.F.); (M.I.)
| | - Riaz A. Khan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Qassim, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.K.); (H.A.M.)
| | - Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Qassim, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.K.); (H.A.M.)
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faizul Azam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: or (F.A.); (D.K.P.); Tel.: +966-502728652 (F.A.); +91-9454369931 (D.K.P.)
| | - Avinash D. Bholay
- Department of Microbiology, KTHM College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Nashik 422002, MS, India;
| | - Gamal O. Elhassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Qassim, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dinesh K. Prajapati
- Faculty of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly 243123, UP, India;
- Correspondence: or (F.A.); (D.K.P.); Tel.: +966-502728652 (F.A.); +91-9454369931 (D.K.P.)
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Kellerová P, Raisová Stuchlíková L, Matoušková P, Štěrbová K, Lamka J, Navrátilová M, Vokřál I, Szotáková B, Skálová L. Sub-lethal doses of albendazole induce drug metabolizing enzymes and increase albendazole deactivation in Haemonchus contortus adults. Vet Res 2020; 51:94. [PMID: 32703268 PMCID: PMC7379777 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of anthelmintic therapy of farm animals rapidly decreases due to drug resistance development in helminths. In resistant isolates, the increased expression and activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), e.g. cytochromes P450 (CYPs), UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) and P-glycoprotein transporters (P-gps), in comparison to sensitive isolates have been described. However, the mechanisms and circumstances of DMEs induction are not well known. Therefore, the present study was designed to find the changes in expression of CYPs, UGTs and P-gps in adult parasitic nematodes Haemonchus contortus exposed to sub-lethal doses of the benzimidazole anthelmintic drug albendazole (ABZ) and its active metabolite ABZ-sulfoxide (ABZSO). In addition, the effect of ABZ at sub-lethal doses on the ability to deactivate ABZ during consequent treatment was studied. The results showed that contact of H. contortus adults with sub-lethal doses of ABZ and ABZSO led to a significant induction of several DMEs, particularly cyp-2, cyp-3, cyp-6, cyp-7, cyp-8, UGT10B1, UGT24C1, UGT26A2, UGT365A1, UGT366C1, UGT368B2, UGT367A1, UGT371A1, UGT372A1 and pgp-3, pgp-9.1, pgp-9.2, pgp-10. This induction led to increased formation of ABZ metabolites (especially glycosides) and their increased export from the helminths' body into the medium. The present study demonstrates for the first time that contact of H. contortus with sub-lethal doses of ABZ (e.g. during underdose treatment) improves the ability of H. contortus adults to deactivate ABZ in consequent therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Kellerová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Raisová Stuchlíková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Matoušková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Štěrbová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Lamka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Navrátilová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Vokřál
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Szotáková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Skálová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Long T, Alberich M, André F, Menez C, Prichard RK, Lespine A. The development of the dog heartworm is highly sensitive to sterols which activate the orthologue of the nuclear receptor DAF-12. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11207. [PMID: 32641726 PMCID: PMC7343802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevention therapy against Dirofilaria immitis in companion animals is currently threatened by the emergence of isolates resistant to macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics. Understanding the control over developmental processes in D. immitis is important for elucidating new approaches to heartworm control. The nuclear receptor DAF-12 plays a role in the entry and exit of dauer stage in Caenorhabditis elegans and in the development of free-living infective third-stage larvae (iL3) of some Clade IV and V parasitic nematodes. We identified a DAF-12 ortholog in the clade III nematode D. immitis and found that it exhibited a much higher affinity for dafachronic acids than described with other nematode DAF-12 investigated so far. We also modelled the DimDAF-12 structure and characterized the residues involved with DA binding. Moreover, we showed that cholesterol derivatives impacted the molting process from the iL3 to the fourth-stage larvae. Since D. immitis is unable to synthesize cholesterol and only completes its development upon host infection, we hypothesize that host environment contributes to its further molting inside the host vertebrate. Our discovery contributes to a better understanding of the developmental checkpoints of D. immitis and offers new perspectives for the development of novel therapies against filarial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thavy Long
- INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31027, Toulouse Cedex 3, France.
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-De-Bellevue, H9X3V9, QC, Canada.
| | - Mélanie Alberich
- INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31027, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - François André
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cécile Menez
- INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31027, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Roger K Prichard
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-De-Bellevue, H9X3V9, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Lespine
- INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31027, Toulouse Cedex 3, France.
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Comparative study of transcription profiles of the P-glycoprotein transporters of two Haemonchus contortus isolates: Susceptible and resistant to ivermectin. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2020; 238:111281. [PMID: 32434064 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2020.111281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the mRNA transcription levels of ten functional genes of P-glycoproteins (P-gp) in free life stages, eggs and infective larvae (L3) and in endoparasitic stages, fourth larval stage (L4) and adult males of two native isolates of Haemonchus contortus: resistant and susceptible to IVM. The IVM resistant isolate was obtained from sheep naturally infected with H. contortus, and the susceptible isolate (with no pressure to IVM) conserved since 1990. The lethal effect of IVM was evaluated under in vitro conditions, which showed significant differences between susceptible and resistant H. contortus L3 isolates (P < 0.01). The IVM susceptible isolate revealed a lethal effect of 79.22% at 11.42 mM, whereas that resistant isolate showed no lethal effect at any of the four assessed concentrations (1.43, 2.85, 5.71 and 11.42 mM) of IVM. The expression levels of ten Hco-pgp genes (1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, and 16) were evaluated in the resistant isolate of H. contortus and compared to the susceptible isolate (as control), using two constitutive genes (GAPDH and β-tubulin). Up-regulation at two statistical significant values (P ≤ 0.05, 0.1) was the criterion to associate IVM resistance with the free life and endoparasitic stages of H. contortus. The expression levels in H. contortus adult nematodes showed 5.64 to 127.56-fold increase for Hco-pgp genes 1, 9, 12, 14, and 16, followed by an increase for Hco-pgp-2 (49.75-fold) and Hco-pgp-10 (106.40-fold) in L4, and for Hco-pgp-16 (2.90-fold) in eggs (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, high expression levels with P < 0.1 were detected in H. contortus L3, L4, and adults for Hco-pgp genes 1, 4, 11, 12, and 16, with changes ranging from 2.17 to 29.72-fold. In conclusion, the highest expression was observed in the adult stage of H. contortus, and the most frequent gene with a significant P-value was Hco-pgp-16, revealing it plays an important role in IVM resistance.
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Borges DGL, de Araújo MA, Carollo CA, Carollo ARH, Lifschitz A, Conde MH, de Freitas MG, Santos Freire ZD, Tutija JF, Nakatani MTM, Borges FDA. Combination of quercetin and ivermectin: In vitro and in vivo effects against Haemonchus contortus. Acta Trop 2020; 201:105213. [PMID: 31600523 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of quercetin combined with ivermectin (IVM) on Haemonchus contortus larvae and adults with different resistance profiles and demonstrate the in vivo anthelmintic action of this combination when used in sheep naturally infected. The effect of combination was evaluated based on the analysis of the mean effective concentration (EC50) obtained for larvae using the larval migration inhibition test and for adults using the motility test on females. The tests with larvae and adults were conducted using isolates with different degrees of susceptibility to IVM (sensitive, intermediate and highly resistant). The in vivo effect was evaluated based on the reduction in the egg count (FEC) and reduction in the count of adult helminths recovered after parasitological necropsy. Using the combination of quercetin with IVM, it was observed that in larvae, quercetin did not significantly reduce the EC50 for IVM in the sensitive and highly resistant isolates, but led to a significant reduction in the EC50 for IVM in the intermediate isolate. In adults, quercetin did not significantly reduce the EC50 for IVM in any of the isolates. No significant effect of the combination was found regarding the reduction in FEC or total count of parasites. The results of the in vitro and in vivo tests performed in the present study on quercetin activity underscore the importance of evaluating resistance-reversing agents among different stages of parasite development as well as among isolates with different resistance profiles. The action of quercetin combined with IVM on the motility of H. contortus larvae and adults was influenced by the degree of resistance and development stage of the parasite. The combination was effective only on intermediate resistant larvae. No action of the combination against adults was found. Moreover, this combination, when administered through the intra-abomasal route, was not effective at reducing the FEC and parasite load of naturally infected sheep.
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Kellerová P, Matoušková P, Lamka J, Vokřál I, Szotáková B, Zajíčková M, Pasák M, Skálová L. Ivermectin-induced changes in the expression of cytochromes P450 and efflux transporters in Haemonchus contortus female and male adults. Vet Parasitol 2019; 273:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Prichard RK, Geary TG. Perspectives on the utility of moxidectin for the control of parasitic nematodes in the face of developing anthelmintic resistance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2019; 10:69-83. [PMID: 31229910 PMCID: PMC6593148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic lactone (ML) anthelmintics are the most important class of anthelmintics because of our high dependence on them for the control of nematode parasites and some ectoparasites in livestock, companion animals and in humans. However, resistance to MLs is of increasing concern. Resistance is commonplace throughout the world in nematode parasites of small ruminants and is of increasing concern in horses, cattle, dogs and other animals. It is suspected in Onchocerca volvulus in humans. In most animals, resistance first arose to the avermectins, such as ivermectin (IVM), and subsequently to moxidectin (MOX). Usually when parasite populations are ML-resistant, MOX is more effective than avermectins. MOX may have higher intrinsic potency against some parasites, especially filarial nematodes, than the avermectins. However, it clearly has a significantly different pharmacokinetic profile. It is highly distributed to lipid tissues, less likely to be removed by ABC efflux transporters, is poorly metabolized and has a long half-life. This results in effective concentrations persisting for longer in target hosts. It also has a high safety index. Limited data suggest that anthelmintic resistance may be overcome, at least temporarily, if a high concentration can be maintained at the site of the parasites for a prolonged period of time. Because of the properties of MOX, there are reasonable prospects that strains of parasites that are resistant to avermectins at currently recommended doses will be controlled by MOX if it can be administered at sufficiently high doses and in formulations that enhance its persistence in the host. This review examines the properties of MOX that support this contention and compares them with the properties of other MLs. The case for using MOX to better control ML-resistant parasites is summarised and some outstanding research questions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger K Prichard
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada, H9X3V9.
| | - Timothy G Geary
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada, H9X3V9.
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Maté L, Ballent M, Cantón C, Ceballos L, Lifschitz A, Lanusse C, Alvarez L, Liron J. Assessment of P-glycoprotein gene expression in adult stage of Haemonchus contortus in vivo exposed to ivermectin. Vet Parasitol 2018; 264:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Margier M, Collet X, le May C, Desmarchelier C, André F, Lebrun C, Defoort C, Bluteau A, Borel P, Lespine A, Reboul E. ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) regulates vitamin D absorption and contributes to its transintestinal efflux. FASEB J 2018; 33:2084-2094. [PMID: 30222077 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800956r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Efficient intestinal absorption of dietary vitamin D is required in most people to ensure an adequate status. Thus, we investigated the involvement of ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) in vitamin D intestinal efflux. Both cholecalciferol (D3) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3] apical effluxes were decreased by chemical inhibition of ABCB1 in Caco-2 cells and increased by ABCB1 overexpression in Griptites or Madin-Darby canine kidney type II cells. Mice deficient for the 2 murine ABCB1s encoded by Abcb1a and Abcb1b genes ( Abcb1-/-) displayed an accumulation of 25(OH)D3 in plasma, intestine, brain, liver, and kidneys, together with an increased D3 postprandial response after gavage compared with controls. 25(OH)D3 efflux through Abcb1-/- intestinal explants was markedly decreased compared with controls. This reduction of 25(OH)D3 transfer from plasma to lumen was further confirmed in vivo in intestine-perfused mice. Docking experiments established that both D3 and 25(OH)D3 could bind with high affinity to Caenorhabditis elegans P-glycoprotein, used as an ABCB1 model. Finally, in a group of 39 healthy male adults, a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in ABCB1 (rs17064) was significantly associated with the fasting plasma 25(OH)D3 concentration. Thus, we showed here for the first time that ABCB1 is involved in neo-absorbed vitamin D efflux by the enterocytes and that it also contributes to vitamin D transintestinal excretion and likely impacts vitamin D status.-Margier, M., Collet, X., le May, C., Desmarchelier, C., André, F., Lebrun, C., Defoort, C., Bluteau, A., Borel, P., Lespine, A., Reboul, E. ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) regulates vitamin D absorption and contributes to its transintestinal efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Margier
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche on Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Xavier Collet
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric le May
- Institut du Thorax, INSERM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Charles Desmarchelier
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche on Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - François André
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9198, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives/Institut de Biologie Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Chantal Lebrun
- Innovations Thérapeutiques et Résistances (InTheRes), UMR 1436, Université de Toulouse, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Defoort
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche on Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France.,Criblage Biologique Marseille (CriBioM), Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Alice Bluteau
- Innovations Thérapeutiques et Résistances (InTheRes), UMR 1436, Université de Toulouse, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Borel
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche on Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Anne Lespine
- Innovations Thérapeutiques et Résistances (InTheRes), UMR 1436, Université de Toulouse, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuelle Reboul
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche on Cardiovasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Marseille, France
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Lanusse C, Canton C, Virkel G, Alvarez L, Costa-Junior L, Lifschitz A. Strategies to Optimize the Efficacy of Anthelmintic Drugs in Ruminants. Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:664-682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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