1
|
Mehrdadi S. Lipid-Based Nanoparticles as Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Overcoming Poor Gastrointestinal Absorption and Enhancing Bioavailability of Peptide and Protein Therapeutics. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:48-66. [PMID: 38585451 PMCID: PMC10997935 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2024.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Delivery and formulation of oral peptide and protein therapeutics have always been a challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. The oral bioavailability of peptide and protein therapeutics mainly relies on their gastrointestinal solubility and permeability which are affected by their poor membrane penetration, high molecular weight and proteolytic (chemical and enzymatic) degradation resulting in limited delivery and therapeutic efficacy. The present review article highlights the challenges and limitations of oral delivery of peptide and protein therapeutics focusing on the application, potential and importance of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as lipid-based drug delivery systems (LBDDSs) and their advantages and drawbacks. LBDDSs, due to their lipid-based matrix can encapsulate both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs, and by reducing the first-pass effect and avoiding proteolytic degradation offer improved drug stability, dissolution rate, absorption, bioavailability and controlled drug release. Furthermore, their small size, high surface area and surface modification increase their mucosal adhesion, tissue-targeted distribution, physiological function and half-life. Properties such as simple preparation, high-scale manufacturing, biodegradability, biocompatibility, prolonged half-life, lower toxicity, lower adverse effects, lipid-based structure, higher drug encapsulation rate and various drug release profile compared to other similar carrier systems makes LBDDSs a promising drug delivery system (DDS). Nevertheless, undesired physicochemical features of peptide and protein drug development and discovery such as plasma stability, membrane permeability and circulation half-life remain a serious challenge which should be addressed in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Mehrdadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Camlik G, Ozakca I, Bilakaya B, Ozcelikay AT, Velaro AJ, Wasnik S, Degim IT. Development of composite carbon quantum dots-insulin formulation for oral administration. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
3
|
Oral self-nanoemulsifying formulation of GLP-1 agonist peptide exendin-4: development, characterization and permeability assesment on Caco-2 cell monolayer. Amino Acids 2021; 53:73-88. [PMID: 33398527 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to prepare a stable self-nanoemulsifying formulation of exendin-4, which is an antidiabetic peptide. As exendin-4 is commercially available only in subcutaneous form, several attempts have been made to discover an effective oral formulation. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems are known to be suitable carriers for the oral administration of peptide drugs. Various ratios of oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant mixtures were used to determine the area in the pseudoternary phase diagram for clear nanoemulsion. The Design of Experiment approach was used for the optimization of the formulation. Blank self-nanoemulsifying formulations containing ethyl oleate as oil phase, Cremophor EL®, and Labrasol® as surfactant, absolute ethanol, and propylene glycol as co-solvent in various proportions were approximately 18-50 nm, 0.08-0.204 and - 3 to - 23 mV in droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential, respectively. When all formulations were compared by statistical analysis, five of them with smaller droplet sizes were selected for further studies. The physical stability test was performed for 1 month at 5 °C ± 3 °C and 25 °C ± 2 °C/60% RH ± 5% RH storage conditions. As a result of the characterization and physical stability test results, ethyl oleate: Cremophor EL®:absolute ethanol (30:52.5:17.5) formulation and four formulations containing ethyl oleate: Cremophor EL®:Labrasol®:propylene glycol:absolute ethanol at varying concentrations were considered for peptide encapsulation efficiency. Formulation having the highest encapsulation efficiency of exendin-4 containing ethyl oleate: Cremophor EL®:Labrasol®:propylene glycole:absolute ethanol (15:42.5:21.25:15.94:5.31) was selected for in vitro Caco-2 intestinal permeability study. The permeabiliy coefficient was increased by 1.5-folds by exendin-4-loaded self-nanoemulsifying formulation as compared to the exendin-4 solution. It can be concluded that intestinal permeability has been improved by self-nanoemulsifying formulation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zech J, Gold D, Salaymeh N, Sasson NC, Rabinowitch I, Golenser J, Mäder K. Oral Administration of Artemisone for the Treatment of Schistosomiasis: Formulation Challenges and In Vivo Efficacy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E509. [PMID: 32503130 PMCID: PMC7356104 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisone is an innovative artemisinin derivative with applications in the treatment of malaria, schistosomiasis and other diseases. However, its low aqueous solubility and tendency to degrade after solubilisation limits the translation of this drug into clinical practice. We developed a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS), which is easy to produce (simple mixing) with a high drug load. In addition to known pharmaceutical excipients (Capmul MCM, Kolliphor HS15, propylene glycol), we identified Polysorb ID 46 as a beneficial new additional excipient. The physicochemical properties were characterized by dynamic light scattering, conductivity measurements, rheology and electron microscopy. High storage stability, even at 30 °C, was achieved. The orally administrated artemisone SMEDDS formulation was highly active in vivo in S. mansoni infected mice. Thorough elimination of the adult worms, their eggs and prevention of the deleterious granuloma formation in the livers of infected mice was observed even at a relatively low dose of the drug. The new formulation has a high potential to accelerate the clinical use of artemisone in schistosomiasis and malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Zech
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Daniel Gold
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Nadeen Salaymeh
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Centre for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel;
| | - Netanel Cohen Sasson
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel; (N.C.S.); (I.R.)
| | - Ithai Rabinowitch
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel; (N.C.S.); (I.R.)
| | - Jacob Golenser
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Centre for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel;
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Garg V, Kaur P, Gulati M, Singh SK, Kumar B, Pandey NK, Yadav AK, Kumar R, Kuppusamy G, De A, Puttappa N, Wadhwa S. Coadministration of Polypeptide-k and Curcumin Through Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Better Therapeutic Effect Against Diabetes Mellitus: Formulation, Optimization, Biopharmaceutical Characterization, and Pharmacodynamic Assessment. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2019; 17:201-221. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2018.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Varun Garg
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Puneet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, College of Pharmacy, Spokane, Washington
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Bimlesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Narendra Kumar Pandey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Yadav
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Gowthamarajan Kuppusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed To Be University), Ootacamund, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Anindita De
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed To Be University), Ootacamund, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Nethravathi Puttappa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed To Be University), Ootacamund, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sheetu Wadhwa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu XB, Tang TT, Li YJ, Wu JY, Wang JM, Liu XY, Xiang DX. Phospholipid complex based nanoemulsion system for oral insulin delivery: preparation, in vitro, and in vivo evaluations. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:3055-3067. [PMID: 31118622 PMCID: PMC6505468 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s198108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this research was to develop a phospholipid complex based nanoemulsion system for oral insulin delivery. Methods: Insulin-phospholipid complex (IPC) was firstly prepared by an anhydrous co-solvent lyophilization method, and then encapsulated into the oil phase of nanoemulsion to obtain the IPC-based nanoemulsion (IPC-NE). Both water-in-oil (W/O) IPC-NE and oil-in-water (O/W) IPC-NE were formulated and evaluated for comparison. Results: The obtained W/O IPC-NE and O/W IPC-NE were both spherical in shape with a mean particle size of 18.6±0.79 nm and 27.3±1.25 nm, respectively. While both IPC-NEs exhibited enhanced Caco-2 cell monolayers permeability than IPC and insulin solution, W/O IPC-NE showed relatively greater protective effects against enzymatic degradation than O/W IPC-NE. Moreover, oral administration of W/O IPC-NE exhibited significant hypoglycemic effects, with 12.4-fold and 1.5-fold higher oral bioavailability compared with insulin solution and O/W IPC-NE, respectively. Conclusion: IPC-NEs, especially the W/O IPC-NE showed promising efficiency in vitro and in vivo, thus could be a potential strategy for oral insulin delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Bin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Tian Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Yong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Xiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
With the rise in diabetes mellitus cases worldwide and lack of patient adherence to glycemia management using injectable insulin, there is an urgent need for the development of efficient oral insulin formulations. However, the gastrointestinal tract presents a formidable barrier to oral delivery of biologics. Here we report the development of a highly effective oral insulin formulation using choline and geranate (CAGE) ionic liquid. CAGE significantly enhanced paracellular transport of insulin, while protecting it from enzymatic degradation and by interacting with the mucus layer resulting in its thinning. In vivo, insulin-CAGE demonstrated exceptional pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic outcome after jejunal administration in rats. Low insulin doses (3-10 U/kg) brought about a significant decrease in blood glucose levels, which were sustained for longer periods (up to 12 hours), unlike s.c. injected insulin. When 10 U/kg insulin-CAGE was orally delivered in enterically coated capsules using an oral gavage, a sustained decrease in blood glucose of up to 45% was observed. The formulation exhibited high biocompatibility and was stable for 2 months at room temperature and for at least 4 months under refrigeration. Taken together, the results indicate that CAGE is a promising oral delivery vehicle and should be further explored for oral delivery of insulin and other biologics that are currently marketed as injectables.
Collapse
|
8
|
Labrasol ® and Salts of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Can Be Combined in Low Concentrations to Increase the Permeability of a Macromolecule Marker Across Isolated Rat Intestinal Mucosae. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:1648-1655. [PMID: 29462634 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their solubilizing properties, excipients used in lipid-based formulations can improve intestinal permeability of macromolecules. We determined whether admixing of medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) permeation enhancers with a lipoidal excipient (Labrasol®) could potentiate transepithelial flux of a poorly permeable macromolecule (fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran 4 kDa [FD4]) across rat intestinal mucosae mounted in Ussing chambers. Low concentrations of sodium caprate (C10), sodium undecylenate (C11:1), or sodium laurate (C12) combined with Labrasol® increased the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of FD4 to values typically seen with higher concentrations of MCFAs or Labrasol® alone. For example, combination of C11:1 (0.5 mg/mL) with Labrasol® (1 mg/mL) increased the Papp of FD4 by 10- and 11-fold over the respective individual agents at the same concentrations where no enhancement was evident. The increased enhancement ratios seen with the combinations were associated with some perturbation in intestinal histology and with attenuation of an epithelial functional measure, carbachol-stimulated inward short-circuit current. In conclusion, combining three MCFAs separately with Labrasol® increased the Papp of FD4 to values greater than those seen for MCFAs or Labrasol® alone. Ultimately, this may permit lower concentrations of MCFA to be used in combination with other excipients in oral formulations of poorly permeable molecules.
Collapse
|
9
|
Elsayed AM, Khaled AH, Al Remawi MM, Qinna NA, Abu Farsakh H, Badwan AA. Low Molecular Weight Chitosan-Insulin Complexes Solubilized in a Mixture of Self-Assembled Labrosol and Plurol Oleaque and Their Glucose Reduction Activity in Rats. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16010032. [PMID: 29337857 PMCID: PMC5793080 DOI: 10.3390/md16010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral insulin delivery that better mimics physiological pathways is a necessity as it ensures patient comfort and compliance. A system which is based on a vehicle of nano order where positively charged chitosan interacts with negatively charged insulin and forms a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) solubilizate, which is then solubilized into an oily phase of oleic acid, labrasol, and plurol oleaque-protects insulin against enzymatic gastrointestinal reduction. The use of an anionic fatty acid in the oily phase, such as oleic acid, is thought to allow an interaction with cationic chitosan, hence reducing particle size. Formulations were assessed based on their hypoglycaemic capacities in diabetic rats as compared to conventional subcutaneous dosage forms. 50 IU/kg oral insulin strength could only induce blood glucose reduction equivalent to that of 5 IU/kg (1 International unit = 0.0347 mg of human insulin). Parameters that influence the pharmacological availability were evaluated. A preliminary investigation of the mechanism of absorption suggests the involvement of the lymphatic route.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amani M Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 26571, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aseel H Khaled
- The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Co., Naor 11710, Jordan.
| | - Mayyas M Al Remawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan.
| | - Nidal A Qinna
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan.
| | | | - Adnan A Badwan
- The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Co., Naor 11710, Jordan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Garg V, Kaur P, Singh SK, Kumar B, Bawa P, Gulati M, Yadav AK. Solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems for oral delivery of polypeptide-k: Formulation, optimization, in-vitro and in-vivo antidiabetic evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 109:297-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
11
|
Paul PK, Treetong A, Suedee R. Biomimetic insulin-imprinted polymer nanoparticles as a potential oral drug delivery system. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA 2017; 67:149-168. [PMID: 28590908 DOI: 10.1515/acph-2017-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), which form a three-dimensional image of the region at and around the active binding sites of pharmaceutically active insulin or are analogous to b cells bound to insulin. This approach was employed to create a welldefined structure within the nanospace cavities that make up functional monomers by cross-linking. The obtained MIPs exhibited a high adsorption capacity for the target insulin, which showed a significantly higher release of insulin in solution at pH 7.4 than at pH 1.2. In vivo studies on diabetic Wistar rats showed that the fast onset within 2 h is similar to subcutaneous injection with a maximum at 4 h, giving an engaged function responsible for the duration of glucose reduction for up to 24 h. These MIPs, prepared as nanosized material, may open a new horizon for oral insulin delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pijush Kumar Paul
- Molecular Recognition Materials Research Unit, Nanotec-PSU Center of Excellence on Drug Delivery System Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University Hatyai, Songkhla , 90112, Thailand
| | - Alongkot Treetong
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park Phahonyothin Road Pathum Thani 12120, Pathum Thani , Thailand
| | - Roongnapa Suedee
- Molecular Recognition Materials Research Unit, Nanotec-PSU Center of Excellence on Drug Delivery System Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University Hatyai, Songkhla , 90112, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Novel strategies in the oral delivery of antidiabetic peptide drugs - Insulin, GLP 1 and its analogs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 115:257-267. [PMID: 28336368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As diabetes is a complex disorder being a major cause of mortality and morbidity in epidemic rates, continuous research has been done on new drug types and administration routes. Up to now, a large number of therapeutic peptides have been produced to treat diabetes including insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and its analogs. The most common route of administration of these antidiabetic peptides is parenteral. Due to several drawbacks associated with this invasive route, delivery of these antidiabetic peptides by the oral route has been a goal of pharmaceutical technology for many decades. Dosage form development should focus on overcoming the limitations facing oral peptides delivery as degradation by proteolytic enzymes and poor absorption in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This review focuses on currently developed strategies to improve oral bioavailability of these peptide based drugs; evaluating their advantages and limitations in addition to discussing future perspectives on oral peptides delivery. Depending on the previous reports and papers, the area of nanocarriers systems including polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes and micelles seem to be the most promising strategy that could be applied for successful oral peptides delivery; but still further potential attempts are required to be able to achieve the FDA approved oral antidiabetic peptide delivery system.
Collapse
|
13
|
Erel G, Kotmakçı M, Akbaba H, Sözer Karadağlı S, Kantarcı AG. Nanoencapsulated chitosan nanoparticles in emulsion-based oral delivery system: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of insulin loaded formulation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
14
|
Maher S, Mrsny RJ, Brayden DJ. Intestinal permeation enhancers for oral peptide delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:277-319. [PMID: 27320643 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal permeation enhancers (PEs) are one of the most widely tested strategies to improve oral delivery of therapeutic peptides. This article assesses the intestinal permeation enhancement action of over 250 PEs that have been tested in intestinal delivery models. In depth analysis of pre-clinical data is presented for PEs as components of proprietary delivery systems that have progressed to clinical trials. Given the importance of co-presentation of sufficiently high concentrations of PE and peptide at the small intestinal epithelium, there is an emphasis on studies where PEs have been formulated with poorly permeable molecules in solid dosage forms and lipoidal dispersions.
Collapse
|
15
|
Lakkireddy HR, Urmann M, Besenius M, Werner U, Haack T, Brun P, Alié J, Illel B, Hortala L, Vogel R, Bazile D. Oral delivery of diabetes peptides - Comparing standard formulations incorporating functional excipients and nanotechnologies in the translational context. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:196-222. [PMID: 26964477 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While some orally delivered diabetes peptides are moving to late development with standard formulations incorporating functional excipients, the demonstration of the value of nanotechnology in clinic is still at an early stage. The goal of this review is to compare these two drug delivery approaches from a physico-chemical and a biopharmaceutical standpoint in an attempt to define how nanotechnology-based products can be differentiated from standard oral dosage forms for oral bioavailability of diabetes peptides. Points to consider in a translational approach are outlined to seize the opportunities offered by a better understanding of both the intestinal barrier and of nano-carriers designed for oral delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harivardhan Reddy Lakkireddy
- Drug Delivery Technologies and Innovation, Pharmaceutical Sciences Operations, Lead Generation and Candidate Realization, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Matthias Urmann
- Diabetes Division, Sanofi Research and Development, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Melissa Besenius
- Diabetes Division, Sanofi Research and Development, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrich Werner
- Diabetes Division, Sanofi Research and Development, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Torsten Haack
- Diabetes Division, Sanofi Research and Development, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Priscilla Brun
- Disposition Safety and Animal Research, Sanofi Research and Development, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Alié
- Analytical Sciences, Lead Generation and Candidate Realization, Sanofi Research and Development, Montpellier, France
| | - Brigitte Illel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Operations, Lead Generation and Candidate Realization, Sanofi Research and Development, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Hortala
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Operations, Lead Generation and Candidate Realization, Sanofi Research and Development, Montpellier, France
| | - Rachel Vogel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Operations, Lead Generation and Candidate Realization, Sanofi Research and Development, Montpellier, France
| | - Didier Bazile
- Drug Delivery Technologies and Innovation, Pharmaceutical Sciences Operations, Lead Generation and Candidate Realization, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Karamanidou T, Bourganis V, Kammona O, Kiparissides C. Lipid-based nanocarriers for the oral administration of biopharmaceutics. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:3009-3032. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopharmaceutics have been recognized as the drugs of choice for the treatment of several diseases, mainly due to their high selectivity and potent action. Nonetheless, their oral administration is a rather challenging problem, since their bioavailability is significantly hindered by various physiological barriers along the GI tract, including their acid-induced hydrolysis in the stomach, their enzymatic degradation throughout the GI tract and their poor mucosa permeability. Lipid-based nanocarriers represent a viable means for enhancing the oral bioavailability of biomolecules while diminishing toxicity-related issues. The present review describes the main physiological barriers limiting the oral bioavailability of macromolecules and highlights recent advances in the field of lipid-based carriers as well as the respective lipid intestinal absorption mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Karamanidou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 472, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilis Bourganis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 472, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Kammona
- Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, PO Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Costas Kiparissides
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 472, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, PO Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kenechukwu FC, Momoh MA. Formulation, characterization and evaluation of the effect of polymer concentration on the release behavior of insulin-loaded Eudragit(®)-entrapped mucoadhesive microspheres. Int J Pharm Investig 2016; 6:69-77. [PMID: 27051626 PMCID: PMC4797490 DOI: 10.4103/2230-973x.177806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to use Eudragit® RL 100 (pH-independent polymer) and magnesium stearate (a hydrophobic droplet stabilizer) in combination to improve the controlled release effect of insulin-loaded Eudragit® entrapped microspheres prepared by the emulsification-coacervation technique. Materials and Methods: Mucoadhesive insulin-loaded microspheres containing magnesium stearate and varying proportions of Eudragit® RL 100 were prepared by the emulsification-coacervation technique and evaluated for thermal properties, physicochemical performance, and in vitro dissolution in acidic and subsequently basic media. Results: Stable, spherical, brownish, discrete, free-flowing and mucoadhesive insulin-loaded microspheres with size range of 14.20 ± 0.30-19.80 ± 0.60 μm and loading efficiency of 74.55 ± 1.05-75.90 ± 1.94% were formed. After 3 h, microspheres prepared with insulin: Eudragit® RL 100 ratios of 1:4, 1:6, and 1:8 released 73.40 ± 1.38, 66.20 ± 1.59, and 71.30 ± 1.27 (%) of insulin, respectively. Conclusion: The physicochemical and physico-technical properties of the microspheres developed in this study demonstrated the effectiveness of the Eudragit® RL entrapped mucoadhesive microspheres (prepared by the emulsification-coacervation technique using varying polymer concentration) as a carrier system for oral insulin delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franklin C Kenechukwu
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Mumuni A Momoh
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Matougui N, Boge L, Groo AC, Umerska A, Ringstad L, Bysell H, Saulnier P. Lipid-based nanoformulations for peptide delivery. Int J Pharm 2016; 502:80-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
19
|
Akbari V, Hendijani F, Feizi A, Varshosaz J, Fakhari Z, Morshedi S, Mostafavi SA. Efficacy and safety of oral insulin compared to subcutaneous insulin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:215-25. [PMID: 26105973 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of oral insulin versus subcutaneous (SC) insulin in diabetic patients. METHODS Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched. Two independent reviewers evaluated studies for eligibility and quality and extracted the data. The primary outcomes were fasting blood glucose (FBG), 1h and 2h postprandial blood glucose, HbA1c, AUC of insulin, C max and T max of insulin, and T max of glucose infusion rate. Secondary outcomes were adverse events. RESULTS Eleven studies (n = 373) met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses showed that there is no significant difference between oral and SC insulin in controlling HbA1c, FBG, 1 and 2 h postprandial blood glucose and producing C max of insulin (P > 0.05); however oral insulin had faster action as indicated by the shorter T max, compared to SC insulin (P < 0.05). The most included studies were varied in their methodological quality. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that oral insulin is comparable to SC insulin with regard to glycemic efficacy and safety. However, is necessary to conduct additional studies in which oral insulin administered to large number of patients for long enough periods of time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81745, Isfahan, Iran
| | - F Hendijani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81745, Isfahan, Iran
| | - A Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81745, Isfahan, Iran
| | - J Varshosaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81745, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Z Fakhari
- Student Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81745, Isfahan, Iran
| | - S Morshedi
- Student Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81745, Isfahan, Iran
| | - S A Mostafavi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81745, Isfahan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Verma A, Sharma S, Gupta PK, Singh A, Teja BV, Dwivedi P, Gupta GK, Trivedi R, Mishra PR. Vitamin B12 functionalized layer by layer calcium phosphate nanoparticles: A mucoadhesive and pH responsive carrier for improved oral delivery of insulin. Acta Biomater 2016; 31:288-300. [PMID: 26685755 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the potential of layer by layer coated calcium phosphate nanoparticles - for oral delivery of insulin where Vitamin B12 grafted chitosan and sodium alginate have been used as cationic and anionic polyelectrolyte respectively. The major emphasis has been given on the role Vitamin B12 conjugated chitosan as cationic polyelectrolyte (VitB12-Chi) in the delivery system. VitB12-Chi conjugate was prepared by carbodiimide reaction. The formulated VirB12-Chi-CPNPs were tested for in vitro and in vivo efficacy studies carried out in Caco-2 monolayers and diabetic rats. VitB12-Chi-CPNPs with particle size <250nm and zeta potential+32.56(±2.34) exhibited pH responsive insulin release at simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry studies revealed higher uptake of VitB12-Chi-CPNPs in Caco-2 monolayer in comparison to Chi-CPNPs. Further reduction in TEER supported paracellular transport of insulin because of opening of tight epithelial junctions. In vivo intestinal uptake of FITC tagged Vit-B12-Chi-CPNPs from different intestinal segments supported paracellular and receptor mediated uptake of VitB12-Chi-CPNPs. Plasma insulin and blood glucose levels were measured in diabetic rats and showed about four fold increases in insulin bioavailability and sustained hypoglycemic effects up to 12h of administration with VitB12-Chi-CPNPs in comparison to Chi-CPNPs. Results of the study revealed the potential of layer by layer nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery. The study also specifically highlighted the role of VitB12 as a pH sensitive and targeting ligand which significantly participated in enhancing insulin oral bioavailability. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Oral delivery of insulin is always the most desirable approach for diabetic patients however it's also the most challenging in respect to formulation development due to harsh gastrointestinal conditions. Several groups have been working from decades for oral delivery of insulin. However the beauty of this prototype formulation is that it exhibits the pH responsive behavior in natural condition of gastrointestinal tract. It resists the release of insulin at gastric condition however stimulate the release at intestinal conditions. Apart from pH responsive behavior it utilizes multiple pathways to improve the overall bioavailability of insulin including paracellular transport and receptor mediated endocytosis.
Collapse
|
21
|
Sharma G, Sharma AR, Nam JS, Doss GPC, Lee SS, Chakraborty C. Nanoparticle based insulin delivery system: the next generation efficient therapy for Type 1 diabetes. J Nanobiotechnology 2015; 13:74. [PMID: 26498972 PMCID: PMC4619439 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cases have increased rapidly in recent years throughout the world. Currently, for type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), multiple daily insulin (MDI) injections is the most popular treatment throughout the world. At this juncture, researchers are trying to develop different insulin delivery systems, especially through oral and pulmonary route using nanocarrier based delivery system. This next generation efficient therapy for T1DM may help to improve the quality of life of diabetic patients who routinely employ insulin by the subcutaneous route. In this paper, we have depicted various next generation nanocarrier based insulin delivery systems such as chitosan-insulin nanoparticles, PLGA-insulin nanoparticles, dextran-insulin nanoparticles, polyalkylcyanoacrylated-insulin nanoparticles and solid lipid-insulin nanoparticles. Modulation of these insulin nanocarriers may lead to successful oral or pulmonary insulin nanoformulations in future clinical settings. Therefore, applications and limitations of these nanoparticles in delivering insulin to the targeted site have been thoroughly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sharma
- Institute For Skeletal Aging, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, 200704, Korea. .,Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute For Skeletal Aging, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, 200704, Korea.
| | - Ju-Suk Nam
- Institute For Skeletal Aging, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, 200704, Korea.
| | - George Priya C Doss
- Medical Biotechnology Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute For Skeletal Aging, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, 200704, Korea.
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Institute For Skeletal Aging, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, 200704, Korea. .,Department of Bio-informatics, School of Computer and Information Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ansari M. Oral Delivery of Insulin for Treatment of Diabetes: Classical Challenges and Current Opportunities. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2015.209.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
23
|
Rachmawati H, Haryadi BM, Anggadiredja K, Suendo V. Intraoral film containing insulin-phospholipid microemulsion: formulation and in vivo hypoglycemic activity study. AAPS PharmSciTech 2015; 16:692-703. [PMID: 25511810 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive administration of insulin is expected for better diabetes mellitus therapy. In this report, we developed intraoral preparation for insulin. Insulin was encapsulated into nanocarrier using self-assembly emulsification process. To increase lipophilicity of insulin, it was dispersed in phospholipid resulted in insulin-phospholipid solid dispersion. The microemulsion formula was established from our previous work which contained glyceryl monooleate (GMO), Tween 20, and polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) in a ratio of 1:8:1. To confirm the formation of insulin-phospholipid solid dispersion, PXRD, FTIR spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were performed. Then, the microemulsion was evaluated for droplet size and distribution, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, physical stability, and Raman spectroscopy. In addition, microemulsion with expected characteristic was evaluated for in vitro release, in vitro permeation, and in vivo activity. The droplets size of ∼100 nm with narrow distribution and positive charge of +0.56 mV were formed. The insulin encapsulated in the oil droplet was accounted of >90%. Water-soluble chitosan seems to be a promising film matrix polymer which also functioned as insulin release controller. Oral administration of insulin microemulsion to healthy Swiss-Webster mice showed hypoglycemic effect indicating the success of this protein against a harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract. This effectiveness significantly increased by fourfold as compared to free insulin. Taken together, microemulsion seems to be a promising carrier for oral delivery of insulin.
Collapse
|
24
|
Patil NH, Devarajan PV. Enhanced insulin absorption from sublingual microemulsions: effect of permeation enhancers. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 4:429-38. [PMID: 25787205 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-014-0205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Microemulsions of insulin (50 IU/mL) comprising permeation enhancers were formulated for sublingual delivery. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra indicated conformational stability, while chemical stability was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). CD spectra of insulin in combination with permeation enhancers revealed attenuation of molar ellipticity at 274 nm in the order TCTP > TC-AOT > TC > TC-NMT > Sol P > insulin solution. The molar ellipticity ratios at 208/222 nm confirmed dissociation of insulin in the microemulsions with the same rank order. Matrix-assisted laser diffraction ionization mass spectra (MALDI) revealed a significant shift in intensity signals towards monomer and dimers with a substantially high ratio of monomers, especially in the presence of the TCTP and TC-AOT. Permeation through porcine sublingual mucosa correlated with the dissociation data. A high correlation between the ratio of molar ellipticity at 208/222 nm and serum glucose levels (r (2) > 0.958) and serum insulin levels (r (2) > 0.952) strongly suggests the role of dissociation of insulin on enhanced absorption. While all microemulsions revealed a reduction in serum glucose levels and increase in serum insulin levels, significant differences were observed with the TCTP and TC-AOT microemulsions. High pharmacological availability >60 % and bioavailability >55 % compared to subcutaneous insulin at a low dose of 2 IU/kg appears highly promising. The data clearly suggests the additional role of the permeation enhancers on dissociation of insulin on enhanced sublingual absorption from the microemulsions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilam H Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Deemed University, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Delivery of peptides by the oral route greatly appeals due to commercial, patient convenience and scientific arguments. While there are over 60 injectable peptides marketed worldwide, and many more in development, most delivery strategies do not yet adequately overcome the barriers to oral delivery. Peptides are sensitive to chemical and enzymatic degradation in the intestine, and are poorly permeable across the intestinal epithelium due to sub-optimal physicochemical properties. A successful oral peptide delivery technology should protect potent peptides from presystemic degradation and improve epithelial permeation to achieve a target oral bioavailability with acceptable intra-subject variability. This review provides a comprehensive up-to-date overview of the current status of oral peptide delivery with an emphasis on patented formulations that are yielding promising clinical data.
Collapse
|
26
|
Mo R, Jiang T, Di J, Tai W, Gu Z. Emerging micro- and nanotechnology based synthetic approaches for insulin delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:3595-629. [PMID: 24626293 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60436e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is essential for type 1 and advanced type 2 diabetics to maintain blood glucose levels and prolong lives. The traditional administration requires frequent subcutaneous insulin injections that are associated with poor patient compliance, including pain, local tissue necrosis, infection, and nerve damage. Taking advantage of emerging micro- and nanotechnologies, numerous alternative strategies integrated with chemical approaches for insulin delivery have been investigated. This review outlines recent developments in the controlled delivery of insulin, including oral, nasal, pulmonary, transdermal, subcutaneous and closed-loop insulin delivery. Perspectives from new materials, formulations and devices at the micro- or nano-scales are specifically surveyed. Advantages and limitations of current delivery methods, as well as future opportunities and challenges are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Mo
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mouri A, Diat O, El Ghzaoui A, Bauer C, Maurel JC, Devoisselle JM, Dorandeu C, Legrand P. Phase behavior of reverse microemulsions based on Peceol®. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 416:139-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
28
|
Abstract
Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, optically transparent isotropic solutions of oil and water successfully formulated by using a combination of suitable surfactant and cosurfactant. The solubilization power of microemulsions for lipophilic, hydrophilic and amphiphilic solutes form a viable approach for enhancing the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs and percutaneous permeation of poorly permeable drugs, mainly due to the large area per volume ratio available for mass transfer. Microemulsions have emerged as novel vehicles for drug delivery due to their versatile applications. They allow sustained release for topical, oral, nasal, intravenous, ocular, parenteral and other administration routes of drugs. They also offer a relevant application platform for improving target specificity, therapeutic activity, and reducing toxicity of drugs.
Collapse
|
29
|
Development of insulin loaded mesoporous silica injectable particles layered by chitosan as a controlled release delivery system. Int J Pharm 2014; 461:448-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
30
|
Drug carriers for oral delivery of peptides and proteins: accomplishments and future perspectives. Ther Deliv 2013; 4:251-65. [PMID: 23343163 DOI: 10.4155/tde.12.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective formulation for peptide and protein delivery through the oral route has always been the critical effort with the advent of biotechnology. Stability, enzymatic degradation and ineffective absorption are common difficulties found for conventional dosage forms. As a result, new drug-delivery approaches are used to circumvent these limitations and enhance effective oral drug delivery. Some of these technologies have reached late stages of clinical trials and promising results will be available in the near future. This review covers, in general, the recent carriers reported in literature.
Collapse
|
31
|
Sapsford KE, Algar WR, Berti L, Gemmill KB, Casey BJ, Oh E, Stewart MH, Medintz IL. Functionalizing nanoparticles with biological molecules: developing chemistries that facilitate nanotechnology. Chem Rev 2013; 113:1904-2074. [PMID: 23432378 DOI: 10.1021/cr300143v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 818] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim E Sapsford
- Division of Biology, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li X, Qi J, Xie Y, Zhang X, Hu S, Xu Y, Lu Y, Wu W. Nanoemulsions coated with alginate/chitosan as oral insulin delivery systems: preparation, characterization, and hypoglycemic effect in rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 8:23-32. [PMID: 23293517 PMCID: PMC3534302 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s38507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to prepare nanoemulsions coated with alginate/chitosan for oral insulin delivery. Uncoated nanoemulsions were prepared by homogenization of a water in oil in water (w/o/w) multiple emulsion that was composed of Labrafac® CC, phospholipid, Span™ 80 and Cremorphor® EL. Coating of the nanoemulsions was achieved based on polyelectrolyte cross-linking, with sequential addition of calcium chloride and chitosan to the bulk nanoemulsion dispersion that contained alginate. The particle size of the coated nanoemulsions was about 488 nm and the insulin entrapment ratio was 47.3%. Circular dichroism spectroscopy proved conformational stability of insulin against the preparative stress. In vitro leakage study indicated well-preserved integrity of the nanoemulsions in simulated gastric juices. Hypoglycemic effects were observed in both normal and diabetic rats. The relative pharmacological bioavailability of the coated nanoemulsion with 25 and 50 IU/kg insulin were 8.42% and 5.72% in normal rats and 8.19% and 7.84% in diabetic rats, respectively. Moreover, there were significantly prolonged hypoglycemic effects after oral administration of the coated nanoemulsions compared with subcutaneous (sc) insulin. In conclusion, the nanoemulsion coated with alginate/chitosan was a potential delivery system for oral delivery of polypeptides and proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of Ministry of Education and People's Liberation Army (PLA), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cárdenas-Bailón F, Osorio-Revilla G, Gallardo-Velázquez T. Microencapsulation techniques to develop formulations of insulin for oral delivery: a review. J Microencapsul 2012; 30:409-24. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2012.742159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
34
|
Efficacy of Mucoadhesive Hydrogel Microparticles of Whey Protein and Alginate for Oral Insulin Delivery. Pharm Res 2012; 30:721-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0913-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
35
|
|
36
|
Zhao YZ, Li X, Lu CT, Xu YY, Lv HF, Dai DD, Zhang L, Sun CZ, Yang W, Li XK, Zhao YP, Fu HX, Cai L, Lin M, Chen LJ, Zhang M. Experiment on the feasibility of using modified gelatin nanoparticles as insulin pulmonary administration system for diabetes therapy. Acta Diabetol 2012; 49:315-25. [PMID: 22124766 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-011-0356-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles are widely used as targeted carriers for biomacromolecules. In this paper, modified gelatin nanoparticles were prepared and their feasibility as insulin pulmonary administration system was investigated. D: ,L: -glyceraldehyde and poloxamer 188 were used for gelatin nanoparticle preparation. Novel water-in-water emulsion technique was used to prepare insulin-loaded nanoparticles. Morphological examination of insulin-loaded nanoparticles was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Intratracheal instillation of insulin-loaded nanoparticles was performed to evaluate animal hypoglycemic effect. With fluorescence labeling of insulin, alveolar deposition and absorption of insulin-loaded nanoparticles were investigated. Histological changes in the lung were also observed to evaluate the safety. From the micromorphology observation, insulin-loaded nanoparticles under gelatin-poloxamer 188 ratio at 1:1 showed smooth and uniform surface, with average particle size 250 nm and Zeta potential -21.1 mV. From animal experiment, insulin-loaded nanoparticles under gelatin-poloxamer 188 ratio at 1:1 promoted insulin pulmonary absorption effectively and showed good relative pharmacological bioavailability. Proved by alveolar deposition result, FITC-insulin-loaded nanoparticle group was characterized by an acute and rapid hypoglycemic effect. In addition, nanoparticles could guarantee the safety of lung by reducing insulin deposition in lung. A transient weak inflammatory response was observed at 1 day after administration. With good physical characterization, high bioavailability, fast and stable hypoglycemic effect, insulin-loaded nanoparticles might be developed as a novel insulin pulmonary system for diabetes therapy.
Collapse
|
37
|
Çelebi N, Yetkin G, Özer Ç, Can A, Gökçora N. Evaluation of microemulsion and liposomes as carriers for oral delivery of transforming growth factor alpha in rats. J Microencapsul 2012; 29:539-48. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2012.665091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Çelebi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University,
Etiler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülay Yetkin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University,
Etiler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Özer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Gazi University,
Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alp Can
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara University,
Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nahide Gökçora
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gazi University,
Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Opportunities and challenges for oral delivery of hydrophobic versus hydrophilic peptide and protein-like drugs using lipid-based technologies. Ther Deliv 2011; 2:1633-53. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide and protein-like drugs are macromolecules currently produced in increasing numbers by the pharmaceutical biotechnology industry. The physicochemical properties of these molecules pose barriers to oral administration. Lipid-based drug-delivery systems have the potential to overcome these barriers and may be utilized to formulate safe, stable and efficacious oral medicines. This review outlines the design of such lipid-based technologies. The mechanisms whereby these formulations enhance the absorption of lipophilic versus hydrophilic peptide and protein-like drugs are discussed. In the case of lipophilic compounds, the advantages of lipid-based drug-delivery systems including increased solubilization, decreased intestinal efflux, decreased intracellular metabolism and possible lymphatic transport are well established as is evident from the success of Neoral® and other drug products on the market. In contrast, with respect to hydrophilic compounds, the situation is more complex and, while promising formulation approaches have been studied, issues including reproducibility of response, intersubject variability and duration of response require further optimization before commercially viable products are possible.
Collapse
|
39
|
Fan Y, Li X, Zhou Y, Fan C, Wang X, Huang Y, Liu Y. Improved intestinal delivery of salmon calcitonin by water-in-oil microemulsions. Int J Pharm 2011; 416:323-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
40
|
Assaf SM, Al-Jbour ND, Eftaiha AF, Elsayed AM, Al-Remawi MM, Qinna NA, Chowdhry B, Leharne S, Badwan AA. Factors Involved in Formulation of Oily Delivery System for Proteins Based on PEG-8 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides and Polyglyceryl-6 Dioleate in a Mixture of Oleic Acid with Chitosan. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691003659775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
41
|
Zheng J, Zhang G, Lu Y, Fang F, He J, Li N, Talbi A, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Zhu J, Chen X. Effect of pulmonary surfactant and phospholipid hexadecanol tyloxapol on recombinant human-insulin absorption from intratracheally administered dry powders in diabetic rats. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2011; 58:1612-6. [PMID: 21139264 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.58.1612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the enhancement effect of the natural pulmonary surfactant (PS) or its artificial substitute, phospholipid hexadecanol tyloxapol (PHT) on the bioavailability and hypoglycemic activity of recombinant human insulin (rh-insulin) in a pulmonary delivery system. PS- or PHT-loaded insulin formulation was administered to streptozotocin induced diabetic rats, at doses of 5 U/kg, 10 U/kg and 20 U/kg insulin, respectively. The hypoglycemic effect caused by PS or PHT containing rh-insulin was analyzed and the area above the curves (AAC) of serum glucose levels versus time, the minimum glucose concentration (C(min)), the time to C(min) (T(min)) and the pharmacological availability (PA%) were derived from the serum glucose profiles. Results showed that PS and PHT caused significantly decrease in serum glucose levels. The decrease in plasma glucose levels continued for about 5 h after the nadir. The highest AAC value was obtained when 20 U/kg rh-insulin with PS or PHT as absorption enhancer was administered to rats. AAC(0-360 min) of PS- or PHT-loaded rh-insulin was 2-3 times as much as that without PS or PHT and PA% increased by 1.3-2 fold. Thus, the extent of oral absorption of insulin from PS- or PHT-loaded particles was significantly greater when compared with that without them. In addition, PHT as well as PS did not change the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity and N-acetyl-β-D-glucoaminidase (NAG) activity in bronch fluid which are sensitive indicators of acute toxicity to lung cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). It is concluded that PS and PHT is a promising absorption enhancer for pulmonary delivery systems of large molecule drugs as rh-insulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianheng Zheng
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Azeem A, Khan ZI, Aqil M, Ahmad FJ, Khar RK, Talegaonkar S. Microemulsions as a Surrogate Carrier for Dermal Drug Delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2009; 35:525-47. [DOI: 10.1080/03639040802448646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
43
|
Bi R, Shao W, Wang Q, Zhang N. Spray-freeze-dried dry powder inhalation of insulin-loaded liposomes for enhanced pulmonary delivery. J Drug Target 2009; 16:639-48. [PMID: 18982512 DOI: 10.1080/10611860802201134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, growing attention has been paid to the pulmonary region as a target for the delivery of peptide and protein drugs, especially macromolecules with systemic effect like insulin, since the pulmonary route exhibits numerous benefits to be an alternative for repeated injection. Furthermore, encapsulation of insulin into liposomal carriers is an attractive way to increase drug retention time and control the drug release in the lung; however, its long-term stability during storage in the reservoir and the process of aerosolization might be suspected when practically applied. Thus, the aim of this study was to design and characterize dry powder inhalation of insulin-loaded liposomes prepared by novel spray-freeze-drying method for enhanced pulmonary delivery. Process variables such as compressed air pressure, pump speed, and concentration were optimized for parameters such as mean particle diameter, moisture content, and fine particle fraction of the produced powders. Influence of different kinds and amounts of lyoprotectants was also evaluated for the best preservation of the drug entrapped in the liposome bilayers after the dehydration-rehydration cycle. The in vivo study of intratracheal instillation of insulin-loaded liposomes to diabetic rats showed successful hypoglycemic effect with low blood glucose level and long-lasting period and a relative pharmacological bioavailability as high as 38.38% in the group of 8 IU/kg dosage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru Bi
- The Pharmaceutical College, Shandong University, Ji'nan, P. R. China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Aliabadi HM, Shahin M, Brocks DR, Lavasanifar A. Disposition of drugs in block copolymer micelle delivery systems: from discovery to recovery. Clin Pharmacokinet 2009; 47:619-34. [PMID: 18783294 DOI: 10.2165/00003088-200847100-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery in the early 1980s, polymeric micelles have been the subject of several studies as delivery systems that can potentially improve the therapeutic performance and modify the toxicity profile of encapsulated drugs by changing their pharmacokinetic characteristics. The efforts in this area have led in recent years to the advancement of several polymeric micellar formulations to clinical trials, some of which have shown promise in changing the biodistribution of the incorporated drug after intravenous administration as a means of tumour-targeted drug delivery. Recently, the possible benefit of polymeric micellar delivery in enhancing the absorption and bioavailability of incorporated drugs from alternative routes of drug administration has attracted interest. This article provides an overview of the effect of polymeric micellar delivery on absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of incorporated therapeutic agents. It also aims to assess the current information on the performance of polymeric micellar delivery systems in modifying the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of the incorporated drugs in clinical trials, and to re-examine the important structural factors required for successful design of polymeric micellar delivery systems capable of inducing favourable changes in the pharmacokinetics of the encapsulated drug.
Collapse
|
45
|
Builders PF, Kunle OO, Okpaku LC, Builders MI, Attama AA, Adikwu MU. Preparation and evaluation of mucinated sodium alginate microparticles for oral delivery of insulin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 70:777-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Revised: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
46
|
Naha PC, Kanchan V, Manna PK, Panda AK. Improved bioavailability of orally delivered insulin using Eudragit-L30D coated PLGA microparticles. J Microencapsul 2008; 25:248-56. [DOI: 10.1080/02652040801903843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
47
|
Venkata Ramana Rao S, Shao J. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) for oral delivery of protein drugs. Int J Pharm 2008; 362:2-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
48
|
Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) for oral delivery of protein drugs. Int J Pharm 2008; 362:10-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 04/11/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
49
|
Liu J, Gong T, Fu H, Wang C, Wang X, Chen Q, Zhang Q, He Q, Zhang Z. Solid lipid nanoparticles for pulmonary delivery of insulin. Int J Pharm 2008; 356:333-44. [PMID: 18281169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Growing attention has been given to the potential of pulmonary route as an alternative for non-invasive systemic delivery of therapeutic agents. In this study, novel nebulizer-compatible solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for pulmonary drug delivery of insulin were developed by reverse micelle-double emulsion method. The influences of the amount of sodium cholate (SC) and soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) on the deposition properties of the nanoparticles were investigated. Under optimal conditions, the entrapment delivery (ED), respirable fraction (RF) and nebulization efficiency (NE) of SLNs could reach 96.53, 82.11 and 63.28%, respectively, and Ins-SLNs remained stable during nebulization. Fasting plasma glucose level was reduced to 39.41% and insulin level was increased to approximately 170 microIU/ml 4h after pulmonary administration of 20 IU/kg Ins-SLNs. A pharmacological bioavailability of 24.33% and a relative bioavailability of 22.33% were obtained using subcutaneous injection as a reference. Incorporating fluorescent-labelled insulin into SLNs, we found that the SLNs were effectively and homogeneously distributed in the lung alveoli. These findings suggested that SLNs could be used as a potential carrier for pulmonary delivery of insulin by improving both in vitro and in vivo stability as well as prolonging hypoglycemic effect, which inevitably resulted in enhanced bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Khafagy ES, Morishita M, Onuki Y, Takayama K. Current challenges in non-invasive insulin delivery systems: a comparative review. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2007; 59:1521-46. [PMID: 17881081 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 08/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The quest to eliminate the needle from insulin delivery and to replace it with non- or less-invasive alternative routes has driven rigorous pharmaceutical research to replace the injectable forms of insulin. Recently, various approaches have been studied involving many strategies using various technologies that have shown success in delivering insulin, which are designed to overcome the inherent barriers for insulin uptake across the gastrointestinal tract, mucosal membranes and skin. This review examines some of the many attempts made to develop alternative, more convenient routes for insulin delivery to avoid existing long-term dependence on multiple subcutaneous injections and to improve the pharmacodynamic properties of insulin. In addition, this article concentrates on the successes in this new millennium in developing potential non-invasive technologies and devices, and on major new milestones in modern insulin delivery for the effective treatment of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|