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Saleh SAA, Mostafa FA, Ahmed SA, Zaki ER, Salama WH, Abdel Wahab WA. Date nawah powder as a promising waste for β-mannanase production from a new isolate Aspergillus niger MSSFW, statistically improving production and enzymatic characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134447. [PMID: 39098698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
β-Mannanase producing fungus was isolated from coffee powder waste and identified as Aspergillus niger MSSFW (Gen Bank accession number OR668928). Dates nawah powder as industrial and agricultural waste was the most inducer of β-mannanase production. The Plackett-Burman and Central Composite designs were used to improve β-mannanase titer. Optimization studies enhanced the enzyme yield with approximate 13.50-times. β-Mannanase was purified by Sephadex G-150 gel filtration column and the molecular weight was estimated to be 60 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Crude and purified β-mannanase displayed maximum activity at temperature 60 °C and 50 °C, respectively. Crude β-mannanase showed an activation energy value 2.35-times higher than the purified enzyme. Activation energy for thermal denaturation of the purified β-mannanase was 1.08-times higher than that of the crude enzyme. Purified β-mannanase exhibited higher deactivation rate constant (Kd) and lower half-life (t0.5) and decimal reduction time (D-value) compared with the crude enzyme. Thermodynamic parameters of enthalpy, entropy, and free energy values for crude and purified β-mannanase were calculated. Substrate kinetic parameters suggested that the purified β-mannanase had a strong affinity toward locust bean gum by showing 3.44-times lower Km and 1.99-times higher Vmax compared to the crude enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen A A Saleh
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Faten A Mostafa
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia A Ahmed
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman R Zaki
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa H Salama
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Abdel Wahab
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Mashaqbeh H, Al-Ghzawi B, BaniAmer F. Exploring the Formulation and Approaches of Injectable Hydrogels Utilizing Hyaluronic Acid in Biomedical Uses. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2024; 2024:3869387. [PMID: 38831895 PMCID: PMC11147673 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3869387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of injectable hydrogels make them a prime contender for various biomedical applications. Hyaluronic acid is an essential component of the matrix surrounding the cells; moreover, hyaluronic acid's structural and biochemical characteristics entice researchers to develop injectable hydrogels for various applications. However, due to its poor mechanical properties, several strategies are used to produce injectable hyaluronic acid hydrogel. This review summarizes published studies on the production of injectable hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid polysaccharide polymers and the biomedical field's applications for these hydrogel systems. Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels are divided into two categories based on their injectability mechanisms: in situ-forming injectable hydrogels and shear-thinning injectable hydrogels. Many crosslinking methods are used to create injectable hydrogels; chemical crosslinking techniques are the most frequently investigated technique. Hybrid injectable hydrogel systems are widely investigated by blending hyaluronic acid with other polymers or nanoparticulate systems. Injectable hyaluronic acid hydrogels were thoroughly investigated and proven to demonstrate potential in various medical fields, including delivering drugs and cells, tissue repair, and wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeia Mashaqbeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Batool Al-Ghzawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Fatima BaniAmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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3
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Timothy UJ, Umoren PS, Solomon MM, Igwe IO, Umoren SA. An appraisal of the utilization of natural gums as corrosion inhibitors: Prospects, challenges, and future perspectives. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126904. [PMID: 37714237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural gums are macro compounds containing monosaccharide (sugar) units bonded by glycosidic to form long polymeric sugar chains of considerably high molecular weight. Natural gums are multifaceted in applications with the main areas being the food and pharmaceutical industries. The recent research interest in corrosion inhibitors is considering natural gums because of their abundance and ecological compatibility. Hence, this review takes a look at the use of natural gums in pure and modified forms in metals protection. The review establishes that the corrosion-protecting ability of natural gums has a direct connotation with their macromolecular weights, chemical composition, and molecular and electronic structures. Immersion duration and temperature are other factors found to affect the inhibition performance of natural gums considerably. The inhibition of natural gums in pure form is found not to be excellent due to their high hydration rate, algal and microbial contamination, solubility that depends on pH, and thermal instability. Common modification techniques adopted by corrosion inhibitor scientists are copolymerization, mixing with chemicals to induce synergism, crosslinking, and insertion of inorganic nanomaterials into the polymer matrix. Infusion of biosynthesized nanoparticles approach towards enhancing the corrosion inhibition efficiency of natural gums is recommended for future studies because of the unique characteristics of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ukeme J Timothy
- Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Peace S Umoren
- Department of Bioengineering, Cyprus International University, via Mersin 10, Nicosia 98258, Turkey
| | - Moses M Solomon
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China.
| | - Isaac O Igwe
- Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Saviour A Umoren
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 62131, Saudi Arabia.
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Ilić-Stojanović S, Nikolić L, Cakić S. A Review of Patents and Innovative Biopolymer-Based Hydrogels. Gels 2023; 9:556. [PMID: 37504436 PMCID: PMC10378757 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers represent a great resource for the development and utilization of new functional materials due to their particular advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity. "Intelligent gels" sensitive to different stimuli (temperature, pH, ionic strength) have different applications in many industries (e.g., pharmacy, biomedicine, food). This review summarizes the research efforts presented in the patent and non-patent literature. A discussion was conducted regarding biopolymer-based hydrogels such as natural proteins (i.e., fibrin, silk fibroin, collagen, keratin, gelatin) and polysaccharides (i.e., chitosan, hyaluronic acid, cellulose, carrageenan, alginate). In this analysis, the latest advances in the modification and characterization of advanced biopolymeric formulations and their state-of-the-art administration in drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine were addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ljubiša Nikolić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 124, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia
| | - Suzana Cakić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 124, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia
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5
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The application of conventional or magnetic materials to support immobilization of amylolytic enzymes for batch and continuous operation of starch hydrolysis processes. REV CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2022-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the production of ethanol, starches are converted into reducing sugars by liquefaction and saccharification processes, which mainly use soluble amylases. These processes are considered wasteful operations as operations to recover the enzymes are not practical economically so immobilizations of amylases to perform both processes appear to be a promising way to obtain more stable and reusable enzymes, to lower costs of enzymatic conversions, and to reduce enzymes degradation/contamination. Although many reviews on enzyme immobilizations are found, they only discuss immobilizations of α-amylase immobilizations on nanoparticles, but other amylases and support types are not well informed or poorly stated. As the knowledge of the developed supports for most amylase immobilizations being used in starch hydrolysis is important, a review describing about their preparations, characteristics, and applications is herewith presented. Based on the results, two major groups were discovered in the last 20 years, which include conventional and magnetic-based supports. Furthermore, several strategies for preparation and immobilization processes, which are more advanced than the previous generation, were also revealed. Although most of the starch hydrolysis processes were conducted in batches, opportunities to develop continuous reactors are offered. However, the continuous operations are difficult to be employed by magnetic-based amylases.
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Gong YZ, Niu QY, Liu YG, Dong J, Xia MM. Development of multifarious carrier materials and impact conditions of immobilised microbial technology for environmental remediation: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120232. [PMID: 36155222 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial technology is the most sustainable and eco-friendly method of environmental remediation. Immobilised microorganisms were introduced to further advance microbial technology. In immobilisation technology, carrier materials distribute a large number of microorganisms evenly on their surface or inside and protect them from external interference to better treat the targets, thus effectively improving their bioavailability. Although many carrier materials have been developed, there have been relatively few comprehensive reviews. Therefore, this paper summarises the types of carrier materials explored in the last ten years from the perspective of structure, microbial activity, and cost. Among these, carbon materials and biofilms, as environmentally friendly functional materials, have been widely applied for immobilisation because of their abundant sources and favorable growth conditions for microorganisms. The novel covalent organic framework (COF) could also be a new immobilisation material, due to its easy preparation and high performance. Different immobilisation methods were used to determine the relationship between carriers and microorganisms. Co-immobilisation is particularly important because it can compensate for the deficiencies of a single immobilisation method. This paper emphasises that impact conditions also affect the immobilisation effect and function. In addition to temperature and pH, the media conditions during the preparation and reaction of materials also play a role. Additionally, this study mainly reviews the applications and mechanisms of immobilised microorganisms in environmental remediation. Future development of immobilisation technology should focus on the discovery of novel and environmentally friendly carrier materials, as well as the establishment of optimal immobilisation conditions for microorganisms. This review intends to provide references for the development of immobilisation technology in environmental applications and to further the improve understanding of immobilisation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Zi Gong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Qiu-Ya Niu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Yun-Guo Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Jie Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Meng-Meng Xia
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
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Kamal S, Rehman S, Bibi I, Akhter N, Amir R, Alsanie WF, Iqbal HMN. Graphene oxide/chitosan composites as novel support to provide high yield and stable formulations of pectinase for industrial applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:683-691. [PMID: 35987366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular pectinase from a mixed consortium of Bacillus sp. (BSP) was immobilized onto graphene oxide/chitosan composite (GO/CS) through covalent binding to enhance its recycling and operational stability features. Different parameters were optimized, including cross-linker concentration (%), time, pH, and GO/CS-pectinase ratios. GO/CS-pectinase was further characterized by FT-IR and XRD. The activity of GO/CS-pectinase was reached up to 804 μmolmin-1 with an immobilization efficiency of 80.64 ± 1.15 % under optimum conditions. GO/CS-pectinase exhibited a 3.0-folds higher half-life (t1/2) than free pectinase at 50, 55, and 60 °C, respectively. The Vmax and KM values of GO/CS-pectinase were found to be nearly equal to the free pectinase indicating that conformational flexibility was retained. Kd, t1/2, ∆G*, ∆H*, and ∆S* of both free pectinase and GO/CS-pectinase was 0.0339 & 0.0721 min-1, 9.62 and 40.44 min, 81.35, 90.72 kJmol-1, 47.098 & 63.635 kJmol-1, -102.86 & -81.340 Jmole-1 K-1. SEM morphological analysis further confirmed the successful binding of pectinase with GO/CS, which retained about 92 % of its original catalytic activity after ten consecutive reaction cycles. Finally, GO/CS-pectinase was employed for guava juice clarification which exhibited the turbidity reduction up to 81 % after 75 min of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Saima Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ismat Bibi
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Akhter
- College of Allied Health Professionals, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rija Amir
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Walaa F Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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Fatimi A, Okoro OV, Podstawczyk D, Siminska-Stanny J, Shavandi A. Natural Hydrogel-Based Bio-Inks for 3D Bioprinting in Tissue Engineering: A Review. Gels 2022; 8:179. [PMID: 35323292 PMCID: PMC8948717 DOI: 10.3390/gels8030179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is well acknowledged to constitute an important technology in tissue engineering, largely due to the increasing global demand for organ replacement and tissue regeneration. In 3D bioprinting, which is a step ahead of 3D biomaterial printing, the ink employed is impregnated with cells, without compromising ink printability. This allows for immediate scaffold cellularization and generation of complex structures. The use of cell-laden inks or bio-inks provides the opportunity for enhanced cell differentiation for organ fabrication and regeneration. Recognizing the importance of such bio-inks, the current study comprehensively explores the state of the art of the utilization of bio-inks based on natural polymers (biopolymers), such as cellulose, agarose, alginate, decellularized matrix, in 3D bioprinting. Discussions regarding progress in bioprinting, techniques and approaches employed in the bioprinting of natural polymers, and limitations and prospects concerning future trends in human-scale tissue and organ fabrication are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fatimi
- Department of Chemistry, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592 Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
- ERSIC, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592 Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Oseweuba Valentine Okoro
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (O.V.O.); (J.S.-S.)
| | - Daria Podstawczyk
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Julia Siminska-Stanny
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (O.V.O.); (J.S.-S.)
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Amin Shavandi
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (O.V.O.); (J.S.-S.)
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da S. Pereira A, Souza CPL, Moraes L, Fontes-Sant’Ana GC, Amaral PFF. Polymers as Encapsulating Agents and Delivery Vehicles of Enzymes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234061. [PMID: 34883565 PMCID: PMC8659040 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are versatile biomolecules with broad applications. Since they are biological molecules, they can be easily destabilized when placed in adverse environmental conditions, such as variations in temperature, pH, or ionic strength. In this sense, the use of protective structures, as polymeric capsules, has been an excellent approach to maintain the catalytic stability of enzymes during their application. Thus, in this review, we report the use of polymeric materials as enzyme encapsulation agents, recent technological developments related to this subject, and characterization methodologies and possible applications of the formed bioactive structures. Our search detected that the most explored methods for enzyme encapsulation are ionotropic gelation, spray drying, freeze-drying, nanoprecipitation, and electrospinning. α-chymotrypsin, lysozyme, and β-galactosidase were the most used enzymes in encapsulations, with chitosan and sodium alginate being the main polymers. Furthermore, most studies reported high encapsulation efficiency, enzyme activity maintenance, and stability improvement at pH, temperature, and storage. Therefore, the information presented here shows a direction for the development of encapsulation systems capable of stabilizing different enzymes and obtaining better performance during application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adejanildo da S. Pereira
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil; (A.d.S.P.); (C.P.L.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Camila P. L. Souza
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil; (A.d.S.P.); (C.P.L.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Lidiane Moraes
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil; (A.d.S.P.); (C.P.L.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Gizele C. Fontes-Sant’Ana
- Biochemical Processes Technology Department, Chemistry Institute, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil;
| | - Priscilla F. F. Amaral
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil; (A.d.S.P.); (C.P.L.S.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-3938-7623
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Duman O, Polat TG, Diker CÖ, Tunç S. Agar/κ-carrageenan composite hydrogel adsorbent for the removal of Methylene Blue from water. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:823-835. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Sumathra M, Rajan M, Amarnath Praphakar R, Marraiki N, Elgorban AM. In Vivo Assessment of a Hydroxyapatite/κ-Carrageenan-Maleic Anhydride-Casein/Doxorubicin Composite-Coated Titanium Bone Implant. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1650-1662. [PMID: 33455363 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we focus on the fabrications of an osteosarcoma implant for bone repair via the development of a hydroxyapatite/κ-carrageenan-maleic anhydride/casein with doxorubicin (HAP/κ-CA-MA-CAS/DOX) composite-deposited titanium (Ti) plate. The HAP/κ-CA-MA-CAS/DOX material was coated on the Ti plate through the EPD method (electrophoretic deposition), applying direct current (DC) signals to deposit the composite on the surface of the Ti plate. The physicochemical and morphological possessions and biocompatibility in vitro of the prepared nanocomposite were examined to assess its prospective effectiveness for purposes of bone regeneration. Excellent biocompatibility and elevated osteoconductivity were confirmed using MG63 osteoblast-like cells. In vivo studies were performed at tibia sites in Wistar rats, and rapid bone regeneration was detected at four weeks in defective bone. Overall, the studies demonstrate that the HAP/κ-CA-MA-CAS/DOX composite enhances the biocompatible and cell-stimulating biointerface of Ti metallic implants. As such, HAP/κ-CA-MA-CAS/DOX implants are viable prospects for osteosarcoma-affected bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Sumathra
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariappan Rajan
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendran Amarnath Praphakar
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Najat Marraiki
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Raab A, Feldmann J. Biological sulphur-containing compounds – Analytical challenges. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1079:20-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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13
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Rochín-Wong S, Rosas-Durazo A, Zavala-Rivera P, Maldonado A, Martínez-Barbosa ME, Vélaz I, Tánori J. Drug Release Properties of Diflunisal from Layer-By-Layer Self-Assembled κ-Carrageenan/Chitosan Nanocapsules: Effect of Deposited Layers. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E760. [PMID: 30960685 PMCID: PMC6403737 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering of multifunctional drug nanocarriers combining stability and good release properties remains a great challenge. In this work, natural polymers κ-carrageenan (κ-CAR) and chitosan (CS) were deposited onto olive oil nanoemulsion droplets (NE) via layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly to study the release mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory diflunisal (DF) as a lipophilic drug model. The nano-systems were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential (ζ-potential) measurements, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the NE-coating with polymer layers. In addition, kinetic release studies of DF were developed by the dialysis diffusion bag technique. Mathematical models were applied to investigate the release mechanisms. The results showed that stable and suitably sized nanocapsules (~300 nm) were formed. Also, the consecutive adsorption of polyelectrolytes by charge reversal was evidenced. More interestingly, the drug release mechanism varied depending on the number of layers deposited. The nanosized systems containing up to two layers showed anomalous transport and first order kinetics. Formulations with three and four layers exhibited Case II transport releasing diflunisal with zero order kinetics. Hence, our results suggest that these polyelectrolyte nanocapsules have great potential as a multifunctional nanocarrier for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Rochín-Wong
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Aarón Rosas-Durazo
- Rubio Pharma y Asociados S.A. de C.V., 83210 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Paul Zavala-Rivera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Amir Maldonado
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - María Elisa Martínez-Barbosa
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Itziar Vélaz
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Judith Tánori
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico.
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Obaidat RM, Alnaief M, Mashaqbeh H. Investigation of Carrageenan Aerogel Microparticles as a Potential Drug Carrier. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2226-2236. [PMID: 29736886 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrageenan is an anionic polysaccharide offering many advantages to be used in drug delivery applications. These include availability, thermo-stability, low toxicity, and encapsulating properties. Combination of these properties with aerogel properties like large surface area and porosity make them an ideal candidate for drug adsorption and delivery applications. Emulsion-gelation technique was used to prepare carrageenan gel microparticles with supercritical CO2 for drying and loading purposes. Ibuprofen has been selected as a model drug for drug loading inside. The prepared microparticles were characterized using particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, density measurements, surface area, and porosity measurements. Finally, dissolution was applied to the loaded preparations to test in vitro drug release. Ibuprofen was successfully loaded in the amorphous form inside the prepared microparticles with a significant enhancement in the drug release profile. In conclusion, prepared carrageenan aerogel microparticles showed an excellent potential for use as a drug carrier.
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Yegappan R, Selvaprithiviraj V, Amirthalingam S, Jayakumar R. Carrageenan based hydrogels for drug delivery, tissue engineering and wound healing. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 198:385-400. [PMID: 30093014 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Carrageenan is a class of naturally occurring sulphated polysaccharides, which is currently a promising candidate in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine as it resemblances native glycosaminoglycans. From pharmaceutical drug formulations to tissue engineered scaffolds, carrageenan has broad range of applications. Here we provide an overview of developing various forms of carrageenan based hydrogels. We focus on how these fabrication processes has an effect on physiochemical properties of the hydrogel. We outline the application of these hydrogels not only pertaining to sustained drug release but also their application in bone and cartilage tissue engineering as well as in wound healing and antimicrobial formulations. Administration of these hydrogels through various routes for drug delivery applications has been critically reviewed. Finally, we conclude by summarizing the current and future outlook that promotes the seaweed-derived polysaccharide as versatile, promising biomaterial for a variety of bioengineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanathan Yegappan
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Vignesh Selvaprithiviraj
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Sivashanmugam Amirthalingam
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - R Jayakumar
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India.
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Optimization of pectinase immobilization on grafted alginate-agar gel beads by 2 4 full factorial CCD and thermodynamic profiling for evaluating of operational covalent immobilization. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:159-170. [PMID: 29458101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pectinase produced by a honey derived from the fungus Aspergillus awamori KX943614 was covalently immobilized onto gel beads made of alginate and agar. Polyethyleneimine, glutaraldehyde, loading time and enzyme's units were optimized by 24 full factorial central composite design (CCD). The immobilization process increased the optimal working pH for the free pectinase from 5 to a broader range of pH4.5-5.5 and the optimum operational temperature from 55°C to a higher temperature, of 60°C, which is favored to reduce the enzyme's microbial contamination. The thermodynamics studies showed a thermal stability enhancement against high temperature for the immobilized formula. Moreover, an increase in half-lives and D-values was achieved. The thermodynamic studies proved that immobilization of pectinase made a remarkable increase in enthalpy and free energy because of enzyme stability enhancement. The reusability test revealed that 60% of pectinase's original activity was retained after 8 successive cycles. This gel formula may be convenient for immobilization of other industrial enzymes.
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Awad GEA, Wehaidy HR, Abd El Aty AA, Hassan ME. A novel alginate–CMC gel beads for efficient covalent inulinase immobilization. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Synthesis of magnetic oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotube-κ-carrageenan-Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposite adsorbent and its application in cationic Methylene Blue dye adsorption. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 147:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Emulsion formulation optimization and characterization of spray-dried κ-carrageenan microparticles for the encapsulation of CoQ10. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:53-62. [PMID: 30263486 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is aimed to prepare κ-carrageenan microparticles for the encapsulation of model drug, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). A face-centered central composite design was employed to study the effects of three different formulation variables (κ-carrageenan, emulsifier, and oil). The powder yield was found inversely affected by the κ-carrageenan and oil concentration. The encapsulation efficiency was maximized in the region of the middle level κ-carrageenan concentration, the high level emulsifier concentration, and the low level oil concentration. The emulsifier concentration was the most influential variable on the particle size of powder. The optimal formulation was reported as 0.91% (w/v) κ-carrageenan concentration, 0.64% (w/v) emulsifier, and 1.0% (w/w) oil. Both differential scanning colorimeter and X-ray diffraction analyses proved that incorporation of CoQ10 into κ- carrageenan microcapsules resulted in amorphous powder with significantly (p<0.05) higher water solubility compared to pure CoQ10 and physical mixture in the crystalline form.
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Cunha L, Grenha A. Sulfated Seaweed Polysaccharides as Multifunctional Materials in Drug Delivery Applications. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E42. [PMID: 26927134 PMCID: PMC4820297 DOI: 10.3390/md14030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the discovery of metabolites from marine resources showing biological activity has increased significantly. Among marine resources, seaweed is a valuable source of structurally diverse bioactive compounds. The cell walls of marine algae are rich in sulfated polysaccharides, including carrageenan in red algae, ulvan in green algae and fucoidan in brown algae. Sulfated polysaccharides have been increasingly studied over the years in the pharmaceutical field, given their potential usefulness in applications such as the design of drug delivery systems. The purpose of this review is to discuss potential applications of these polymers in drug delivery systems, with a focus on carrageenan, ulvan and fucoidan. General information regarding structure, extraction process and physicochemical properties is presented, along with a brief reference to reported biological activities. For each material, specific applications under the scope of drug delivery are described, addressing in privileged manner particulate carriers, as well as hydrogels and beads. A final section approaches the application of sulfated polysaccharides in targeted drug delivery, focusing with particular interest the capacity for macrophage targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmylla Cunha
- Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Ana Grenha
- Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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Zhang J, Ji W, Liu T, Feng C. Tuning Syneresis Properties of Kappa-Carrageenan Hydrogel by C2-Symmetric Benzene-Based Supramolecular Gelators. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Wei Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Tian Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Chuanliang Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
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Paşcalău V, Soritau O, Popa F, Pavel C, Coman V, Perhaita I, Borodi G, Dirzu N, Tabaran F, Popa C. Curcumin delivered through bovine serum albumin/polysaccharides multilayered microcapsules. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:857-72. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328215603797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to obtain and characterize k-carrageenan–chitosan dual hydrogel multilayers shell BSA gel microcapsules, as a carrier for curcumin, and as a possible antitumoral agent in biological studies. We used the CaCO3 template to synthesize non-toxic CaCO3/BSA particles as microtemplates by coprecipitating a CaCl2 solution that contains dissolved BSA, with an equimolar Na2CO3 solution. The microcapsules shell is assembled through a layer-by-layer deposition technique of calcium cross-linked k-carrageenan hydrogel alternating with polyelectrolite complex hydrogel formed via electrostatic interactions between k-carrageenan and chitosan. After the removal of CaCO3 through Ca2+ complexation with EDTA, and by a slightly treatment with HCl diluted solution, the BSA core is turned into a BSA gel through a thermal treatment. The BSA gel microcapsules were then loaded with curcumin, through a diffusion process from curcumin ethanolic solution. All the synthesized particles and microcapsules were stucturally characterized by: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, UV–Vis Spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence optical microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The behavior of curcumin loaded microcapsules in media of different pH (SGF, SIF and PBS) was studied in order to reveal the kinetics and the release profile of curcumin. The in vitro evaluation of the antitumoral activity of encapsulated curcumin microcapsules on HeLa cell line and the primary culture of mesenchymal stem cells is the main reason of the microcapsules synthesis as BSA-based vehicle meant to enhance the biodisponibility of curcumin, whose anti-tumor, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are well known.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Paşcalău
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - O Soritau
- The Oncology Institute Prof. Dr. I. Chiricuta, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - F Popa
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - C Pavel
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - V Coman
- “Raluca Ripan” Institute for Research in Chemistry, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - I Perhaita
- “Raluca Ripan” Institute for Research in Chemistry, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - G Borodi
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - N Dirzu
- The Oncology Institute Prof. Dr. I. Chiricuta, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - F Tabaran
- University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - C Popa
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Tan IS, Lee KT. Immobilization of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger on κ-carrageenan hybrid matrix and its application on the production of reducing sugar from macroalgae cellulosic residue. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 184:386-394. [PMID: 25465785 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel concept for the synthesis of a stable polymer hybrid matrix bead was developed in this study. The beads were further applied for enzyme immobilization to produce stable and active biocatalysts with low enzyme leakage, and high immobilization efficiency, enzyme activity, and recyclability. The immobilization conditions, including PEI concentration, activation time and pH of the PEI solution were investigated and optimized. All formulated beads were characterized for its functionalized groups, composition, surface morphology and thermal stability. Compared with the free β-glucosidase, the immobilized β-glucosidase on the hybrid matrix bead was able to tolerate broader range of pH values and higher reaction temperature up to 60 °C. The immobilized β-glucosidase was then used to hydrolyse pretreated macroalgae cellulosic residue (MCR) for the production of reducing sugar and a hydrolysis yield of 73.4% was obtained. After repeated twelve runs, immobilized β-glucosidase retained about 75% of its initial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inn Shi Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Keat Teong Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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dos Santos MA, Grenha A. Polysaccharide nanoparticles for protein and Peptide delivery: exploring less-known materials. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2015; 98:223-61. [PMID: 25819281 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Finding adequate carriers for protein and peptide delivery has become an urgent need, owing to the growing number of macromolecules identified as having therapeutic potential. Nanoparticles have emerged in the field as very promising vehicles and much work has been directed to testing the capacity of different materials to compose the matrix of these carriers. Natural materials and, specifically, polysaccharides have been taking the forefront of the challenge, because of several favoring properties that include the higher propensity to exhibit biodegradability and biocompatibility, and also the high structural flexibility. The majority of works found in the literature regarding polysaccharide nanoparticles uses very popular materials like chitosan or hyaluronic acid. This review is aimed at describing and exploring the potential of polysaccharides that are not so well known or that are less explored. For those, the main properties will be described, together with an overview of the reported applications as nanoparticle matrix materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlise A dos Santos
- Joan-Vernikos Aerospace Pharmacy Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Microgravity Centre, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Grenha
- CBME-Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine/IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
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26
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Entrapment of α-Amylase in Agar Beads for Biocatalysis of Macromolecular Substrate. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:936129. [PMID: 27382608 PMCID: PMC4897204 DOI: 10.1155/2014/936129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Attempts have been made to optimize immobilization parameters, catalytic property, and stability of immobilized α-amylase in agar. The work compares natural entrapment efficiency of agar with the ionotropically cross-linked agar hydrogel, with the advantage of easy scale-up and cost and time effectiveness. Beads prepared with 3% (w/v) agar and 75 mM calcium chloride and hardened for 20 minutes were selected for further studies on the basis of entrapment efficiency (80%) and physical stability. Following entrapment, pH and temperature optima of enzyme were shifted from 6 to 6.5 and 50 to 55°C, respectively. Michaelis constant (Km) for both free and entrapped enzymes remained the same (0.83%) suggesting no change in substrate affinity. However, Vmax of entrapped enzyme decreased ~37.5-fold. The midpoint of thermal inactivation for entrapped enzyme increased by 8 ± 1°C implying its higher thermal stability. The entrapped enzyme in calcium agar bead had an Ea value of 27.49 kcal/mol compared to 17.6 kcal/mol for free enzyme indicating increased stability on entrapment. Half-life of enzyme increased ~2.2 times after entrapment in calcium agar at 60°C indicating stabilization of enzyme. The reusability of beads was size dependent. Beads with diameter <710 μm were stable and could be reused for 6 cycles with ~22% loss in activity.
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A technique for high-throughput protein crystallization in ionically cross-linked polysaccharide gel beads for X-ray diffraction experiments. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95017. [PMID: 24740192 PMCID: PMC3989300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple technique for high-throughput protein crystallization in ionically cross-linked polysaccharide gel beads has been developed for contactless handling of crystals in X-ray crystallography. The method is designed to reduce mechanical damage to crystals caused by physical contact between crystal and mount tool and by osmotic shock during various manipulations including cryoprotection, heavy-atom derivatization, ligand soaking, and diffraction experiments. For this study, protein crystallization in alginate and κ-carrageenan gel beads was performed using six test proteins, demonstrating that proteins could be successfully crystallized in gel beads. Two complete diffraction data sets from lysozyme and ID70067 protein crystals in gel beads were collected at 100 K without removing the crystals; the results showed that the crystals had low mosaicities. In addition, crystallization of glucose isomerase was carried out in alginate gel beads in the presence of synthetic zeolite molecular sieves (MS), a hetero-epitaxic nucleant; the results demonstrated that MS can reduce excess nucleation of this protein in beads. To demonstrate heavy-atom derivatization, lysozyme crystals were successfully derivatized with K2PtBr6 within alginate gel beads. These results suggest that gel beads prevent serious damage to protein crystals during such experiments.
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Li L, Ni R, Shao Y, Mao S. Carrageenan and its applications in drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 103:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Zhao Q, Brenner T, Matsukawa S. Molecular mobility and microscopic structure changes in κ-carrageenan solutions studied by gradient NMR. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 95:458-64. [PMID: 23618293 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the molecular mobility of κ-carrageenan were observed by the pulsed field gradient stimulated echo (PGSTE) and Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) methods for elucidating the molecular aspect of the sol-to-gel transition. The echo signal intensity of κ-carrageenan without a gradient, Ikap(0), decreased steeply near the sol-to-gel temperature (Tsg), suggesting that κ-carrageenan chains formed aggregates and a network structure. Below Tsg, the spin-spin relaxation time T2 and the diffusion coefficient of κ-carrageenan (Dkap) increased with decreasing temperature, indicating that the solute κ-carrageenan chains have a lower molecular weight Mw than chains involved in the aggregation. The diffusion coefficient of pullulan (Dpul) added as a probe molecule in κ-carrageenan solutions was measured, and the characteristic hydrodynamic screening length, ξ, was then estimated from the degree of diffusion restriction. Below a certain temperature, Dkap reached a higher value than that of Dpul, suggesting that the Mw of solute κ-carrageenan became lower than that of pullulan. GPC measurements confirmed the presence of κ-carrageenan chains with a lower Mw than that of pullulan. A simple physical model of the structural change in κ-carrageenan solution was proposed with a bimodal distribution of κ-carrageenan with higher and lower Mw than the pullulan probe. The higher Mw chains form the gel network restricting the probe's diffusion, and the lower Mw chains increase the effective viscosity. The concentration of the high Mw solute κ-carrageenan chains in 1%, 2% and 4% κ-carrageenan solutions was estimated from Ikap(0) and the total κ-carrageenan concentration, and the relation with pullulan diffusion was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhua Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
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30
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Hezaveh H, Muhamad II, Noshadi I, Shu Fen L, Ngadi N. Swelling behaviour and controlled drug release from cross-linked κ-carrageenan/NaCMC hydrogel by diffusion mechanism. J Microencapsul 2012; 29:368-79. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2011.651501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Daniel-da-Silva AL, Moreira J, Neto R, Estrada AC, Gil AM, Trindade T. Impact of magnetic nanofillers in the swelling and release properties of κ-carrageenan hydrogel nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 87:328-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Sharma M, Sharma V, Panda AK, Majumdar DK. Development of enteric submicron particles formulation of α-amylase for oral delivery. Pharm Dev Technol 2011; 18:560-9. [PMID: 21870905 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2011.604782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Enteric submicron particles (SPs) formulations of α-amylase were prepared by w/o/w emulsion solvent evaporation using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) and Eudragit L 100, to avoid gastric inactivation of α-amylase. Smaller internal and external aqueous phase volume provided maximum encapsulation efficiency (71.92-73.40%), least particle size (546.4-595.4 nm) and 23-26% loss of enzyme activity. Release studies in 0.1 N HCl confirmed the gastro-resistance of formulations. The anionic SPs aggregated in 0.1 N HCl (i.e. gastric pH 1.2), due to protonation of carboxylic groups of enteric polymer. The aggregates being < 500 µm size would not impede gastric emptying. However, at pH >5.0 (duodenal pH), SPs showed de-aggregation due to restoration of surface charge. HPMCP and Eudragit L 100 SPs facilitated almost complete release of α-amylase within 30 min at pH 6.0 and 6.8, respectively, following Higuchi kinetics. PXRD and DSC indicated amorphous character and scanning electron microscope showed spherical shape of SPs. In simulated gastro-intestinal pH condition, HPMCP and Eudragit L 100 SPs showed good digestion of cooked rice and could serve as potential carrier for oral enzyme delivery. Stability studies indicated the formulations as quite stable to ensure 2 years shelf life at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidhyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
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Bani-Jaber A, Al-Aani L, Alkhatib H, Al-Khalidi B. Prolonged intragastric drug delivery mediated by Eudragit® E-carrageenan polyelectrolyte matrix tablets. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12:354-61. [PMID: 21302009 PMCID: PMC3066363 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-011-9595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpolyelectrolyte (IPE) complexation between carrageenan (CG) and Eudragit E (EE) was studied in 0.1 M HCl and was used to develop floating matrix tablets aimed to prolong gastric-residence time and sustain delivery of the loaded drug. The optimum EE/CG IPE complexation weight ratio (0.6) was determined in 0.1 M HCl using apparent viscosity measurements. The IPE complex was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Metronidazole matrix tablets were prepared by direct compression using EE, CG, or hybrid EE/CG with ratio optimal for IPE complexation. Corresponding effervescent tablets were prepared by including Na bicarbonate as an effervescent agent. Tablets were evaluated for in vitro buoyancy and drug release in 0.1 M HCl. Both CG and EE-CG effervescent matrices (1:2 drug to polymer weight ratio, 60 mg Na bicarbonate) achieved fast and prolonged floating with floating lag times less than 30 s and floating duration of more than 10 h. The corresponding EE effervescent matrices showed delayed floating and rapid drug release, and completely dissolved after 3 h of dissolution. CG matrices showed an initial burst drug release (48.3±5.0% at 1 h) followed by slow drug release over 8 h. EE-CG matrices exhibited sustained drug release in almost zero-order manner for 10 h (68.2±6.6%). The dissolution data of these matrices were fitted to different dissolution models. It was found that drug release followed zero-order kinetics and was controlled by the superposition of the diffusion and erosion.
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Pramanik S, McEvoy J, Siripattanakul S, Khan E. Effects of cell entrapment on nucleic acid content and microbial diversity of mixed cultures in biological wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:3176-3183. [PMID: 21094605 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effects of entrapment on nucleic acid content and microbial diversity of mixed cultures in biological municipal wastewater treatment were investigated. Deoxyribonucleic acid content increased 1.6-5.5 times more in alginate entrapped cells than in free and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) entrapped cells. PVA entrapment resulted in 1.1- to 5.9-fold more increases in ribonucleic acid content compared to that experienced by free and alginate entrapped cells. Entrapment in carrageenan changed the bacterial community structure more than the alginate and PVA entrapments (35-80% versus 0-35%) as determined by single-strand conformation polymorphism analyses. The change in the bacterial community structure of alginate entrapped cells was less time dependent than that of PVA entrapped cells. This study enhances understandings on the physiology of entrapped cells and their community evolution in wastewater treatment environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Pramanik
- Department of Civil Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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Grenha A, Gomes ME, Rodrigues M, Santo VE, Mano JF, Neves NM, Reis RL. Development of new chitosan/carrageenan nanoparticles for drug delivery applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 92:1265-72. [PMID: 19322874 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The use of polymeric nanoparticles, especially those composed of natural polymers, has become a very interesting approach in drug delivery, mainly because of the advantages offered by their small dimensions. The aim of this work was to develop a novel formulation of nanoparticles comprised of two natural marine-derived polymers, namely chitosan and carrageenan, and to evaluate their potential for the association and controlled release of macromolecules. Nanoparticles were obtained in a hydrophilic environment, under very mild conditions, avoiding the use of organic solvents or other aggressive technologies for their preparation. The developed nanocarriers presented sizes within 350-650 nm and positive zeta potentials of 50-60 mV. Polymeric interactions between nanoparticles' components were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Using ovalbumin as model protein, nanoparticles evidenced loading capacity varying from 4% to 17% and demonstrated excellent capacity to provide a controlled release for up to 3 weeks. Furthermore, nanoparticles have demonstrated to exhibit a noncytotoxic behavior in biological in vitro tests performed using L929 fibroblasts, which is critical regarding the biocompatibility of those carriers. In summary, the developed chitosan-carrageenan nanoparticles have shown promising properties to be used as carriers of therapeutic macromolecules, with potential application not only strictly in drug delivery, but also in broader areas, such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Grenha
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Portugal.
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Keppeler S, Ellis A, Jacquier J. Cross-linked carrageenan beads for controlled release delivery systems. Carbohydr Polym 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Effects of cell entrapment on growth rate and metabolic activity of pure cultures commonly found in biological wastewater treatment. Biochem Eng J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Santo VE, Frias AM, Carida M, Cancedda R, Gomes ME, Mano JF, Reis RL. Carrageenan-based hydrogels for the controlled delivery of PDGF-BB in bone tissue engineering applications. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:1392-401. [PMID: 19385660 DOI: 10.1021/bm8014973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the major drawbacks found in most bone tissue engineering approaches developed so far consists in the lack of strategies to promote vascularisation. Some studies have addressed different issues that may enhance vascularisation in tissue engineered constructs, most of them involving the use of growth factors (GFs) that are involved in the restitution of the vascularity in a damaged zone. The use of sustained delivery systems might also play an important role in the re-establishment of angiogenesis. In this study, kappa-carrageenan, a naturally occurring polymer, was used to develop hydrogel beads with the ability to incorporate GFs with the purpose of establishing an effective angiogenesis mechanism. Some processing parameters were studied and their influence on the final bead properties was evaluated. Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) was selected as the angiogenic factor to incorporate in the developed beads, and the results demonstrate the achievement of an efficient encapsulation and controlled release profile matching those usually required for the development of a fully functional vascular network. In general, the obtained results demonstrate the potential of these systems for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor Espírito Santo
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Taipas, Guimaraes, Portugal.
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Saraf S. Process optimization for the production of nanoparticles for drug delivery applications. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:187-96. [DOI: 10.1517/17425240902735806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Elmowafy EM, Awad GAS, Mansour S, El-Shamy AEHA. Release mechanisms behind polysaccharides-based famotidine controlled release matrix tablets. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:1230-9. [PMID: 19089643 PMCID: PMC2628252 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-008-9155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides, which have been explored to possess gelling properties and a wide margin of safety, were used to formulate single-unit floating matrix tablets by a direct compression technique. This work has the aim to allow continuous slow release of famotidine above its site of absorption. The floating approach was achieved by the use of the low density polypropylene foam powder. Polysaccharides (kappa-carrageenan, gellan gum, xyloglucan, and pectin) and blends of polysaccharides (kappa-carrageenan and gellan gum) and cellulose ethers (hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) were tried to modulate the release characteristics. The prepared floating tablets were evaluated for their floating behavior, matrix integrity, swelling studies, in vitro drug release studies, and kinetic analysis of the release data. The differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that changing the polymer matrix system by formulation of polymers blends resulted in formation of molecular interactions which may have implications on drug release characteristics. This was obvious from the retardation in drug release and change in its mechanistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas M. Elmowafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Monazamet El Wehda El Afrikia St., El Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehanne A. S. Awad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Monazamet El Wehda El Afrikia St., El Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Monazamet El Wehda El Afrikia St., El Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Hamid A. El-Shamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Monazamet El Wehda El Afrikia St., El Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
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Akoh CC, Chang SW, Lee GC, Shaw JF. Biocatalysis for the production of industrial products and functional foods from rice and other agricultural produce. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:10445-51. [PMID: 18942836 DOI: 10.1021/jf801928e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Many industrial products and functional foods can be obtained from cheap and renewable raw agricultural materials. For example, starch can be converted to bioethanol as biofuel to reduce the current demand for petroleum or fossil fuel energy. On the other hand, starch can also be converted to useful functional ingredients, such as high fructose and high maltose syrups, wine, glucose, and trehalose. The conversion process involves fermentation by microorganisms and use of biocatalysts such as hydrolases of the amylase superfamily. Amylases catalyze the process of liquefaction and saccharification of starch. It is possible to perform complete hydrolysis of starch by using the fusion product of both linear and debranching thermostable enzymes. This will result in saving energy otherwise needed for cooling before the next enzyme can act on the substrate, if a sequential process is utilized. Recombinant enzyme technology, protein engineering, and enzyme immobilization are powerful tools available to enhance the activity of enzymes, lower the cost of enzyme through large scale production in a heterologous host, increase their thermostability, improve pH stability, enhance their productivity, and hence making it competitive with the chemical processes involved in starch hydrolysis and conversions. This review emphasizes the potential of using biocatalysis for the production of useful industrial products and functional foods from cheap agricultural produce and transgenic plants. Rice was selected as a typical example to illustrate many applications of biocatalysis in converting low-value agricultural produce to high-value commercial food and industrial products. The greatest advantages of using enzymes for food processing and for industrial production of biobased products are their environmental friendliness and consumer acceptance as being a natural process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casimir C Akoh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Effects of cell entrapment on growth rate and metabolic activity of mixed cultures in biological wastewater treatment. Enzyme Microb Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tavano OL, Pessela BC, Goulart AJ, Fernández-Lafuente R, Guisán JM, Monti R. Stabilization of an Amylase fromNeurospora crassaby Immobilization on Highly Activated Supports. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/08905430802262616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chen J, Liu M, Jin S, Liu H. Synthesis and characterization of κ-carrageenan/poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels with rapid response to temperature. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hasirci N, Aksoy S, Tumturk H. Activation of poly(dimer acid-co-alkyl polyamine) particles for covalent immobilization of α-amylase. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2006.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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