1
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Nainwal N, Jawla S, Singh R, Banerjee S, Saharan VA. Solubility-permeability interplay of hydrotropic solubilization of piroxicam. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024; 50:481-494. [PMID: 38717346 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2349576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this research paper, an investigation has been made to assess the simultaneous effect of a solubility enhancement approach, i.e., hydrotropy on the solubility and apparent permeability of piroxicam. The solubility of piroxicam (PRX) a BCS (biopharmaceutics classification system) class II drug has been increased using a mixed hydrotropy approach. This study is based on identifying the pattern of solubility-permeability interplay and confirming whether every solubility gain results in a concomitant decrease in permeability or permeability remains unaffected. METHOD Solid dispersions of PRX were formulated using two hydrotropes, viz., sodium benzoate (SB) and piperazine (PP) by solvent evaporation method. A comprehensive 32factorial design was employed to study the effect of hydrotropes on the solubility and permeability of PRX. Subsequently, PRX tablets containing these solid dispersions were formulated and evaluated. KEY FINDINGS SB and PP displayed a significant increase in the solubility of PRX ranging from 0.99 to 2.21 mg/mL for F1-F9 batches attributed to the synergistic effect of hydrotropes. However, there is a reduction in PRX permeability with increasing hydrotrope levels. The decline in permeability was notably less pronounced compared to the simultaneous rise in aqueous solubility of PRX. CONCLUSION An evident tradeoff between permeability and solubility emerged through the mixed hydrotropic solubilization for PRX. As PRX has generally higher intrinsic permeability, it has been assumed that this permeability loss will not affect the overall absorption of PRX. However, it may affect the absorption of drugs with limited permeability. Therefore, solubility permeability interplay should be investigated during solubility enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Nainwal
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sunil Jawla
- Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Geeta Institute of Pharmacy, Geeta University, Panipat, Haryana, India
| | - Ranjit Singh
- Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surojit Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vikas Anand Saharan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati (NIPER-G), Guwahati, Assam, India
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2
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Khizar N, Abbas N, Ahmed M, Ahmad M, Mustafa Z, Jehangir M, Mohammed Al-Ahmary K, Hussain A, Bukhari NI, Ali I. Amelioration of tableting properties and dissolution rate of naproxen co-grinded with nicotinamide: preparation and characterization of co-grinded mixture. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024; 50:537-549. [PMID: 38771120 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2358356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND SIGNIFICANCE Reducing the dimensions, when other additives are present, shows potential as a method to improve the dissolution and solubility of biopharmaceutical classification system class II drugs that have poor solubility. In this investigation, the process involved grinding naproxen with nicotinamide with the aim of improving solubility and the rate of dissolution. METHODS Naproxen was subjected to co-milling with urea, dimethylurea, and nicotinamide using a planetary ball mill for a duration of 90 min, maintaining a 1:1 molar ratio for the excipients (screening studies). The co-milled combinations, naproxen in its pure milled form, and a physical mixture were subjected to analysis using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and solubility assessment. The mixture displaying the highest solubility (naproxen-nicotinamide) was chosen for further investigation, involving testing for intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) after co-milling for both 90 and 480 min. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The co-milled combination, denoted as S-3b and consisting of the most substantial ratio of nicotinamide to naproxen at 1:3, subjected to 480 min of milling, exhibited a remarkable 45-fold increase in solubility and a 9-fold increase in IDR. XRPD analysis of the co-milled samples demonstrated no amorphization, while SEM images portrayed the aggregates of naproxen with nicotinamide. FTIR outcomes negate the presence of any chemical interactions between the components. The co-milled sample exhibiting the highest solubility and IDR was used to create a tablet, which was then subjected to comprehensive evaluation for standard attributes. The results revealed improved compressibility and dissolution properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosheen Khizar
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Abbas
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Mustafa
- Department of Physics, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jehangir
- Department of Chemistry, FC College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Amjad Hussain
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Ijaz Ali
- Centre for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics (CAMB), Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally, Kuwait
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3
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Sharma U, Saroha K. A Review of Hydrotropic Solubilization Techniques for Enhancing the Bioavailability of Poorly Soluble Drugs. Int J Toxicol 2024; 43:63-71. [PMID: 37999970 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231216414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrotropic solubilization is a technique that can be used to improve the solubility of drugs that are poorly soluble. This technique involves adding a large amount of a second solute, known as a hydrotrope, which increases the aqueous solubility of the poorly soluble drug. Hydrotropes such as sodium citrate, sodium benzoate, and urea have been shown to be effective in enhancing the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. This technique has several advantages over other solubility enhancement techniques, including its cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and the fact that it does not require chemical modification of hydrophobic drugs or the use of organic solvents. Hydrotropic agents are now being used to develop various dosage forms, including solid dispersions, mouth-dissolving tablets, and injections, to improve poorly water-soluble drugs' therapeutic effectiveness and bioavailability. This review paper will provide an overview of hydrotropic solubilization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddeshya Sharma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Kamal Saroha
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
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4
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Shen Y, Xiao Y, Edkins RM, Youngs TGA, Hughes TL, Tellam J, Edkins K. Elucidating the hydrotropism behaviour of aqueous caffeine and sodium benzoate solution through NMR and neutron total scattering analysis. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123520. [PMID: 37858637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Hydrotropism is a convenient way to increase the solubility of drugs by up to several orders of magnitude, and even though it has been researched for decades with both experimental and simulation methods, its mechanism is still unknown. Here, we use caffeine/sodium benzoate (CAF-SB) as model system to explore the behaviour of caffeine solubility enhancement in water through NMR spectroscopy and neutron total scattering. 1H NMR shows strong interaction between caffeine and sodium benzoate in water. Neutron total scattering combined with empirical potential structure refinement, a systematic method to study the solution structure, reveals π-stacking between caffeine and the benzoate anion as well as Coulombic interactions with the sodium cation. The strongest hydrogen bond interaction in the system is between benzoate and water, which help dissolve CAF-SB complex and increase the solubility of CAF in water. Besides, the stronger interaction between CAF and water and the distortion of water structure are further mechanisms of the CAF solubility enhancement. It is likely that the variety of mechanisms for hydrotropism shown in this system can be found for other hydrotropes, and NMR spectroscopy and neutron total scattering can be used as complementary techniques to generate a holistic picture of hydrotropic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Shen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Yitian Xiao
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Robert M Edkins
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295, Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Tristan G A Youngs
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Terri-Louise Hughes
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - James Tellam
- ISIS Deuteration Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Katharina Edkins
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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5
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Makeiff DA, Smith B, Azyat K, Xia M, Alam SB. Development of Gelled-Oil Nanoparticles for the Encapsulation and Release of Berberine. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:33774-33784. [PMID: 37744867 PMCID: PMC10515596 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new drug carrier based on gelled-oil nanoparticles (GNPs) was designed and synthesized for the encapsulation and release of the model hydrophobic drug, berberine chloride (BCl). Two compositions with different oil phases were examined, sesame oil (SO) and cinnamaldehyde (Cin), which were emulsified with water, stabilized with Tween 80 (Tw80), and gelled using an N-alkylated primary oxalamide low-molecular-weight gelator (LMWG) to give stable dispersions of GNPs between 100 and 200 nm in size. The GNP formulation with Cin was significantly favored over SO due to (1) lower gel melting temperatures, (2) higher gel mechanical strength, and (3) significantly higher solubility, encapsulation efficiency, and loading of BCl. Also, the solubility and loading of BCl in Cin were significantly increased (at least 7-fold) with the addition of cinnamic acid. In vitro release studies showed that the release of BCl from the GNPs was independent of gelator concentration and lower than that for BCl solution and the corresponding nanoemulsion (no LWMG). Also, cell internalization studies suggested that the N-alkylated primary oxalamide LMWG did not interfere with the internalization efficiency of BCl into mouse mast cells. Altogether, this work demonstrates the potential use of these new GNP formulations for biomedical studies involving the encapsulation of drugs and nutraceuticals and their controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren A. Makeiff
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G
2M9, Canada
| | - Brad Smith
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G
2M9, Canada
| | - Khalid Azyat
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G
2M9, Canada
| | - Mike Xia
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G
2M9, Canada
| | - Syed Benazir Alam
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G
2M9, Canada
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6
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Munnangi SR, Youssef AAA, Narala N, Lakkala P, Narala S, Vemula SK, Repka M. Drug complexes: Perspective from Academic Research and Pharmaceutical Market. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1519-1540. [PMID: 37138135 PMCID: PMC10156076 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous research efforts, drug delivery through the oral route remains a major challenge to formulation scientists. The oral delivery of drugs poses a significant challenge because more than 40% of new chemical entities are practically insoluble in water. Low aqueous solubility is the main problem encountered during the formulation development of new actives and for generic development. A complexation approach has been widely investigated to address this issue, which subsequently improves the bioavailability of these drugs. This review discusses the various types of complexes such as metal complex (drug-metal ion), organic molecules (drug-caffeine or drug-hydrophilic polymer), inclusion complex (drug-cyclodextrin), and pharmacosomes (drug-phospholipids) that improves the aqueous solubility, dissolution, and permeability of the drug along with the numerous case studies reported in the literature. Besides improving solubility, drug-complexation provides versatile functions like improving stability, reducing the toxicity of drugs, increasing or decreasing the dissolution rate, and enhancing bioavailability and biodistribution. Apart, various methods to predict the stoichiometric ratio of reactants and the stability of the developed complex are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Ram Munnangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Ahmed Adel Ali Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Nagarjuna Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Preethi Lakkala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Sagar Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Sateesh Kumar Vemula
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Michael Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA.
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA.
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7
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Mitra A, Chattaraj KG, Paul S. Elucidating the Hydrotropic Mechanism of the Antagonistic Salt PPh 4Cl. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:996-1012. [PMID: 36653942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PPh4Cl is an antagonistic salt that recently showed promise as a hydrotropic agent. Here, we give mechanistic insights into the PPh4Cl-assisted solubility of a dye molecule using molecular dynamics simulations. Our findings reveal that dye molecules aggregate into a cluster which leads to an accumulation of PPh4+ ions in its vicinity and subsequent exclusion of water molecules from the region. The structural organization is attributed to the preferential interaction of dye molecules and PPh4Cl. The origin of such preference arises from the difference in π-π and CH-π interaction among the pairs. The hydrodynamic radius of PPh4Cl indicates a low propensity for cluster formation, which enhances its hydrotropic behavior. The process of dye dissolution is thermodynamically favored and occurs through a cooperative mechanism. Our studies provide molecular insight into experimental observations crucial for the design of novel hydrotropes with enhanced solubilizing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Mitra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam781039, India
| | | | - Sandip Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam781039, India
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8
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Ya. Zakharova L, Vasilieva EA, Mirgorodskaya AB, Zakharov SV, Pavlov RV, Kashapova NE, Gaynanova GA. Hydrotropes: solubilization of nonpolar compounds and modification of surfactant solutions. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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9
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Patel AD, Desai MA. Progress in the field of hydrotropy: mechanism, applications and green concepts. REV CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2021-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sustainability and greenness are the concepts of growing interest in the area of research as well as industries. One of the frequently encountered challenges faced in research and industrial fields is the solubility of the hydrophobic compound. Conventionally organic solvents are used in various applications; however, their contribution to environmental pollution, the huge energy requirement for separation and higher consumption lead to unsustainable practice. We require solvents that curtail the usage of hazardous material, increase the competency of mass and energy and embrace the concept of recyclability or renewability. Hydrotropy is one of the approaches for fulfilling these requirements. The phenomenon of solubilizing hydrophobic compound using hydrotrope is termed hydrotropy. Researchers of various fields are attracted to hydrotropy due to its unique physicochemical properties. In this review article, fundamentals about hydrotropes and various mechanisms involved in hydrotropy have been discussed. Hydrotropes are widely used in separation, heterogeneous chemical reactions, natural product extraction and pharmaceuticals. Applications of hydrotropes in these fields are discussed at length. We have examined the significant outcomes and correlated them with green engineering and green chemistry principles, which could give an overall picture of hydrotropy as a green and sustainable approach for the above applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash D. Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology , Surat 395007 , Gujarat , India
| | - Meghal A. Desai
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology , Surat 395007 , Gujarat , India
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10
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Enhanced Dissolution of 7-ADCA in the Presence of PGME for Enzymatic Synthesis of Cephalexin. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 194:1682-1698. [PMID: 34845585 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic catalysis has been recognized as a green alternative to classical chemical route for synthesis of cephalexin (CEX). However, its industrial practice has been severely limited by the low productivity due to the low solubility of 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA) and high hydrolysis of D-phenylglycine methyl ester (PGME). In this work, the enhanced dissolution of 7-ADCA in the presence of PGME for efficient enzymatic synthesis of CEX was investigated. Results showed that the solubility of 7-ADCA in water could be improved by PGME. Moreover, supersaturated solution of 7-ADCA could be created in the presence of PGME by a pH shift strategy. The supersaturated solution of 7-ADCA possess good stability, which could be explained in terms of the inhibition of 7-ADCA precipitation due to the presence of PGME. The interaction between 7-ADCA and PGME is explored by spectroscopic determination and DFT analysis and the mechanism of enhanced dissolution of 7-ADCA in the presence of PGME is discussed and proposed. The feasibility of supersaturated solution of 7-ADCA for the enzymatic synthesis of CEX is evaluated. It was demonstrated that high conversion ratio (> 95.0%) and productivity (> 240.0 mmol/L/h) was obtained under a wide range of reaction conditions, indicating that the supersaturated solution system was highly superior to conventional homogeneous solution system. The information obtained in this work will be helpful to industrial production of CEX via enzymatic route.
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11
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Paul R, Chattaraj KG, Paul S. Role of Hydrotropes in Sparingly Soluble Drug Solubilization: Insight from a Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Experimental Perspectives. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4745-4762. [PMID: 33853331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drug molecules' therapeutic efficacy depends on their bioavailability and solubility. But more than 70% of the formulated drug molecules show limited effectiveness due to low water solubility. Thus, the water solubility enhancement technique of drug molecules becomes the need of time. One such way is hydrotropy. The solubilizing agent of a hydrophobic molecule is generally referred to as a hydrotrope, and this phenomenon is termed hydrotropy. This method has high industrial demand, as hydrotropes are noninflammable, readily available, environmentally friendly, quickly recovered, cost-effective, and not involved in solid emulsification. The endless importance of hydrotropes in industry (especially in the pharmaceutical industry) motivated us to prepare a feature article with a clear introduction, detailed mechanistic insights into the hydrotropic solubilization of drug molecules, applications in pharma industries, and some future directions of this technique. Thus, we believe that this feature article will become an adequate manual for the pharmaceutical researchers who want to explore all of the past perspectives of the hydrotropic action of hydrotropes in pharmaceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabindranath Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | | | - Sandip Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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12
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Sintra TE, Abranches DO, Benfica J, Soares BP, Ventura SPM, Coutinho JAP. Cholinium-based ionic liquids as bioinspired hydrotropes to tackle solubility challenges in drug formulation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 164:86-92. [PMID: 33895294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrotropy is a well-established strategy to enhance the aqueous solubility of hydrophobic drugs, facilitating their formulation for oral and dermal delivery. However, most hydrotropes studied so far possess toxicity issues and are inefficient, with large amounts being needed to achieve significant solubility increases. Inspired by recent developments in the understanding of the mechanism of hydrotropy that reveal ionic liquids as powerful hydrotropes, in the present work the use of cholinium vanillate, cholinium gallate, and cholinium salicylate to enhance the aqueous solubility of two model drugs, ibuprofen and naproxen, is investigated. It is shown that cholinium vanillate and cholinium gallate are able to increase the solubility of ibuprofen up to 500-fold, while all three ionic liquids revealed solubility enhancements up to 600-fold in the case of naproxen. Remarkably, cholinium salicylate increases the solubility of ibuprofen up to 6000-fold. The results obtained reveal the exceptional hydrotropic ability of cholinium-based ionic liquids to increase the solubility of hydrophobic drugs, even at diluted concentrations (below 1 mol·kg-1), when compared with conventional hydrotropes. These results are especially relevant in the field of drug formulation due to the bio-based nature of these ionic liquids and their low toxicity profiles. Finally, the solubility mechanism in these novel hydrotropes is shown to depend on synergism between both amphiphilic ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia E Sintra
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dinis O Abranches
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jordana Benfica
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruna P Soares
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia P M Ventura
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João A P Coutinho
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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13
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Oliveira G, Wojeicchowski JP, Farias FO, Igarashi-Mafra L, de Pelegrini Soares R, Mafra MR. Enhancement of biomolecules solubility in aqueous media using designer solvents as additives: An experimental and COSMO-based models' approach. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Abranches DO, Benfica J, Soares BP, Leal-Duaso A, Sintra TE, Pires E, Pinho SP, Shimizu S, Coutinho JAP. Unveiling the mechanism of hydrotropy: evidence for water-mediated aggregation of hydrotropes around the solute. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7143-7146. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03217d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of hydrotropy is experimentally proven in this work. Apolarity is shown to be the driving force of hydrotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinis O. Abranches
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Jordana Benfica
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Bruna P. Soares
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Alejandro Leal-Duaso
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH-CSIC) Facultad de Ciencias, C. S. I. C. – Universidad de Zaragoza
- E-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Tânia E. Sintra
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Elísabet Pires
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH-CSIC) Facultad de Ciencias, C. S. I. C. – Universidad de Zaragoza
- E-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Simão P. Pinho
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO)
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança
- 5300-253 Bragança
- Portugal
| | - Seishi Shimizu
- York Structural Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of York
- York YO10 5DD
- UK
| | - João A. P. Coutinho
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
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15
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Alshaikh RA, Essa EA, El Maghraby GM. Preparation of stabilized submicron fenofibrate crystals on niacin as a hydrophilic hydrotropic carrier. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 25:168-177. [PMID: 31642728 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1682609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fenofibrate is antihyperlipidemic which has low and variable oral bioavailability due to erratic dissolution characteristics. Niacin showed a potential atheroprotective effects suggesting possible co-administration with fenofibrate with a potential for development of fixed dose combination. The chemical structure of both drugs highlights the opportunity for interaction upon co-processing due to the existence of complementary hydrogen bonding sites. Accordingly, fenofibrate and niacin were co-processed by wet co-grinding and the resulting product was assessed using scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction in addition to dissolution studies. The instrumental analysis indicated the development of submicron fenofibrate crystals stabilized over the surface of niacin crystals. The developed submicron crystals showed fast dissolution of fenofibrate depending on the relative proportions of fenofibrate to niacin. Co-processing of both drugs at dose ratio which contained higher proportion of niacin resulted in further enhancement in the dissolution rate. This further enhancement was attributed to the hydrotropic effect of niacin which was proved by solubility study in addition to size reduction. This supposition was confirmed from the inferior dissolution of fenofibrate from the physical mixture. The study introduces fenofibrate/niacin as potential fixed dose combination for augmented dissolution rate and pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Alshaikh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ebtessam A Essa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Gamal M El Maghraby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
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16
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Wysoczanska K, Macedo EA, Sadowski G, Held C. Solubility Enhancement of Vitamins in Water in the Presence of Covitamins: Measurements and ePC-SAFT Predictions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Wysoczanska
- Associate Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eugénia A. Macedo
- Associate Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriele Sadowski
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technische Universität Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christoph Held
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technische Universität Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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17
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Buchelnikov AS, Evstigneev VP, Evstigneev MP. Hetero-association models of non-covalent molecular complexation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:7717-7731. [PMID: 30931443 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03183e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The present review discusses the current state-of-the-art in building models enabling the description of non-covalent equilibrium complexation of different types of molecules in solution, which results in the formation of supramolecular structures different in length and composition (hetero-association or supramolecular multicomponent co-polymerisation). The description is focused on standard physical and chemical quantities such as experimental observables and equilibrium parameters of interaction (equilibrium constants and concentrations). The major partial cases of the hetero-association models, such as finite and indefinite isodesmic and cooperative complexations, and Benesi-Hildebrand and Langmuir adsorption models are considered. Future challenges in the development of the hetero-association models are provided.
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18
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Mohammad IS, Hu H, Yin L, He W. Drug nanocrystals: Fabrication methods and promising therapeutic applications. Int J Pharm 2019; 562:187-202. [PMID: 30851386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The drug nanocrystals (NCs) with unique physicochemical properties are now considered as a promising drug delivery system for poorly water-soluble drugs. So far >20 formulations of NCs have been approved in the market. In this review, we summarized recent advances of NCs with emphasis on their therapeutic applications based on administration route and disease states. At the end, we present a brief description of the future perspectives of NCs and their potential role as a promising drug delivery system. As a strategy for solubilization and bioavailability enhancement, the NCs have gained significant success. Besides this, the function of NCs is still far from developed. The emerging NC-based drug delivery approach would widen the applications of NCs in drug delivery and bio-medical field. Their in vitro and in vivo fate is extremely unclear; and the development of hybrid NCs with environment-sensitive fluorophores may assist to extend the scope of bio-imaging and provide better insight to their intracellular uptake kinetics, in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Shair Mohammad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lifang Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Wei He
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Shanghai 200443, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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19
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Ding Z, Xiao J, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Chen W, Hu J, Guo Y, Zhang B. Pharmacokinetics and liver uptake of three Schisandra lignans in rats after oral administration of liposome encapsulating β-cyclodextrin inclusion compound of Schisandra extract. J Liposome Res 2019; 29:121-132. [DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2018.1430830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiajing Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, P. R. China
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yueyao Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, P. R. China
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, P. R. China
| | - Yu Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, P. R. China
| | - Bingren Zhang
- College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, P. R. China
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20
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21
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Sintra TE, Shimizu K, Ventura SPM, Shimizu S, Canongia Lopes JN, Coutinho JAP. Enhanced dissolution of ibuprofen using ionic liquids as catanionic hydrotropes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:2094-2103. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07569c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids as powerful hydrotropes for ibuprofen, where both cation and anion may contribute to the hydrotropic mechanism in a synergistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. E. Sintra
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - K. Shimizu
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, UNL
- 2780-901 Oeiras
| | - S. P. M. Ventura
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - S. Shimizu
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York
- Heslington
- UK
| | - J. N. Canongia Lopes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, UNL
- 2780-901 Oeiras
| | - J. A. P. Coutinho
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
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22
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Damiati SA, Martini LG, Smith NW, Lawrence MJ, Barlow DJ. Application of machine learning in prediction of hydrotrope-enhanced solubilisation of indomethacin. Int J Pharm 2017; 530:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Winkler R, Buchecker T, Hastreiter F, Touraud D, Kunz W. PPh4Cl in aqueous solution – the aggregation behavior of an antagonistic salt. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:25463-25470. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02677c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation behavior of the antagonistic salt PPh4Cl was investigated. This salt was found to be an excellent hydrotrope which does not aggregate in binary aqueous solutions or in a ternary one, upon the addition of the exemplary hydrophobic molecule DR-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Winkler
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Thomas Buchecker
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Florian Hastreiter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Didier Touraud
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Werner Kunz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
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24
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Trasi NS, Purohit HS, Wen H, Sun DD, Taylor LS. Non-Sink Dissolution Behavior and Solubility Limit of Commercial Tacrolimus Amorphous Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2016; 106:264-272. [PMID: 27816263 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of drugs with low aqueous solubility are being formulated and marketed as amorphous solid dispersions because the amorphous form can generate a higher solubility compared to the crystalline solid. The amorphous solubility of a drug can be determined experimentally using various techniques. Most studies in this area investigate the drug in its pure form and do not evaluate any effects from other formulation ingredients. In this study, we use 6 marketed amorphous oral drug products, capsules containing 5 mg of tacrolimus, and various excipients, consisting of 1 innovator product and 5 generics. The amorphous solubility of tacrolimus was evaluated using different techniques and was compared to the crystalline solubility of the drug. Dissolution of the different products was conducted under non-sink conditions to compare the maximum achieved concentration with the amorphous solubility. Diffusion studies were performed to elucidate the maximum flux across a membrane and to evaluate whether there was any difference in the thermodynamic activity of the drug released from the formulation and the pure drug. The amorphous solubility of tacrolimus was found to be a factor of 35 higher than the crystalline solubility. The maximum concentration obtained after dissolution of the capsule contents in non-sink conditions was found to match the experimentally determined amorphous solubility of the pure drug. Furthermore, the membrane flux of tacrolimus following dissolution of the various formulations was found to be similar and maximized. This study demonstrates a link between key physicochemical properties (amorphous solubility) and in vitro formulation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj S Trasi
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Hitesh S Purohit
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Hong Wen
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Dajun D Sun
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.
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25
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Beig A, Lindley D, Miller JM, Agbaria R, Dahan A. Hydrotropic Solubilization of Lipophilic Drugs for Oral Delivery: The Effects of Urea and Nicotinamide on Carbamazepine Solubility-Permeability Interplay. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:379. [PMID: 27826241 PMCID: PMC5078674 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrotropy refers to increasing the water solubility of otherwise poorly soluble compound by the presence of small organic molecules. While it can certainly increase the apparent solubility of a lipophilic drug, the effect of hydrotropy on the drugs’ permeation through the intestinal membrane has not been studied. The purpose of this work was to investigate the solubility–permeability interplay when using hydrotropic drug solubilization. The concentration-dependent effects of the commonly used hydrotropes urea and nicotinamide, on the solubility and the permeability of the lipophilic antiepileptic drug carbamazepine were studied. Then, the solubility–permeability interplay was mathematically modeled, and was compared to the experimental data. Both hydrotropes allowed significant concentration-dependent carbamazepine solubility increase (up to ∼30-fold). A concomitant permeability decrease was evident both in vitro and in vivo (∼17-fold for nicotinamide and ∼9-fold for urea), revealing a solubility–permeability tradeoff when using hydrotropic drug solubilization. A relatively simplified simulation approach based on proportional opposite correlation between the solubility increase and the permeability decrease at a given hydrotrope concentration allowed excellent prediction of the overall solubility–permeability tradeoff. In conclusion, when using hydrotropic drug solubilization it is prudent to not focus solely on solubility, but to account for the permeability as well; achieving optimal solubility–permeability balance may promote the overall goal of the formulation to maximize oral drug exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Beig
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | | | - Riad Agbaria
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva, Israel
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26
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Othman R, Vladisavljević GT, Nagy ZK, Holdich RG. Encapsulation and Controlled Release of Rapamycin from Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles Prepared by Membrane Micromixing Combined with Antisolvent Precipitation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:10685-10693. [PMID: 27690454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapamycin-loaded polycaprolactone nanoparticles (RAPA-PCL NPs) with a polydispersity index of 0.006-0.073 were fabricated by antisolvent precipitation combined with micromixing using a ringed stainless steel membrane with 10 μm diameter laser-drilled pores. The organic phase composed of 6 g L-1 PCL and 0.6-3.0 g L-1 RAPA in acetone was injected through the membrane at 140 L m-2 h-1 into 0.2 wt % aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) solution stirred at 1300 rpm, resulting in a Z-average mean of 189-218 nm, a drug encapsulation efficiency of 98.8-98.9%, and a drug loading in the NPs of 9-33%. The encapsulation of RAPA was confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, DSC, and ATR-FTIR. The disappearance of sharp characteristic peaks of crystalline RAPA in the XRD pattern of RAPA-PCL NPs revealed that the drug was molecularly dispersed in the polymer matrix or RAPA and PCL were present in individual amorphous domains. The rate of drug release in pure water was negligible due to low aqueous solubility of RAPA. RAPA-PCL NPs released more than 91% of their drug cargo after 2.5 h in the release medium composed of 0.78-1.5 M of the hydrotropic agent N,N-diethylnicotinamide, 10 vol % ethanol, and 2 vol % Tween 20 in phosphate buffered saline. The dissolution of RAPA was slower when the drug was embedded in the PCL matrix of the NPs than dispersed in the form of pure RAPA nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahimah Othman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University , Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
- School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis , Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Goran T Vladisavljević
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University , Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Zoltan K Nagy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University , Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2100, United States
| | - R G Holdich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University , Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
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27
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Pan W, Qin M, Zhang G, Long Y, Ruan W, Pan J, Wu Z, Wan T, Wu C, Xu Y. Combination of hydrotropic nicotinamide with nanoparticles for enhancing tacrolimus percutaneous delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:4037-50. [PMID: 27578973 PMCID: PMC4998035 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s108545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tacrolimus (FK506), an effective immunosuppressant for treating inflammatory skin diseases, hardly penetrates into and through the skin owing to its high hydrophobicity and molecular weight. The aim of this study was to develop a hybrid system based on nicotinamide (NIC) and nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulating FK506, such as FK506–NPs–NIC, for facilitating percutaneous delivery, which exploited virtues of both NIC and NPs to obtain the synergetic effect. Solubility and percutaneous permeation studies were carried out. The results showed that NIC could increase the solubility and permeability of FK506 and that 20% (w/v) NIC presented higher FK506 permeability and was thus chosen as the hydrotropic solution to solubilize FK506 and prepare FK506–NPs–NIC. Hyaluronic acid (HA) was chemically conjugated with cholesterol (Chol) to obtain amphiphilic conjugate of HA–Chol, which self-assembled NPs in 20% NIC solution containing FK506. The particle size, zeta potential, and morphology of NPs were characterized. The encapsulation efficiency and in vitro percutaneous permeation of NPs were evaluated in the presence and absence of NIC. The results demonstrated that hydrotropic solubilizing FK506 was readily encapsulated into NPs with a higher encapsulation efficiency of 79.2%±4.2%, and the combination of NPs with NIC exhibited a significantly synergistic effect on FK506 deposition within the skin (2.39±0.53 μg/cm2) and penetration through the skin (13.38±2.26 μg/cm2). The effect of the combination of NPs with NIC on drug permeation was further visualized by confocal laser scanning microscope through in vivo permeation studies, and the results confirmed that NPs–NIC synergistically enhanced the permeation of the drug into the skin. The cellular uptake performed in HaCaT cells presented a promoting effect of NPs on cellular uptake. These overall results demonstrated that HA–Chol–NPs–NIC can synergistically improve the percutaneous delivery of FK506, and it is a novel potential strategy based on a nano-sized carrier for FK506 to treat skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoguang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueming Long
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyi Ruan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtong Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zushuai Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehong Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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28
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Cláudio AFM, Neves MC, Shimizu K, Canongia Lopes JN, Freire MG, Coutinho JAP. The magic of aqueous solutions of ionic liquids: ionic liquids as a powerful class of catanionic hydrotropes. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2015; 17:3948-3963. [PMID: 26379471 PMCID: PMC4568318 DOI: 10.1039/c5gc00712g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrotropes are compounds able to enhance the solubility of hydrophobic substances in aqueous media and therefore are widely used in the formulation of drugs, cleaning and personal care products. In this work, it is shown that ionic liquids are a new class of powerful catanionic hydrotropes where both the cation and the anion synergistically contribute to increase the solubility of biomolecules in water. The effects of the ionic liquid chemical structures, their concentration and the temperature on the solubility of two model biomolecules, vanillin and gallic acid were evaluated and compared with the performance of conventional hydrotropes. The solubility of these two biomolecules was studied in the entire composition range, from pure water to pure ionic liquids, and an increase in the solubility of up to 40-fold was observed, confirming the potential of ionic liquids to act as hydrotropes. Using dynamic light scattering, NMR and molecular dynamics simulations, it was possible to infer that the enhanced solubility of the biomolecule in the IL aqueous solutions is related to the formation of ionic-liquid-biomolecules aggregates. Finally, it was demonstrated that hydrotropy induced by ionic liquids can be used to recover solutes from aqueous media by precipitation, simply by using water as an anti-solvent. The results reported here have a significant impact on the understanding of the role of ionic liquid aqueous solutions in the extraction of value-added compounds from biomass as well as in the design of novel processes for their recovery from aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa M. Cláudio
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Márcia C. Neves
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Karina Shimizu
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049 001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, UNL, AV. República Ap. 127, 2780 901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - José N. Canongia Lopes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049 001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, UNL, AV. República Ap. 127, 2780 901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mara G. Freire
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João A. P. Coutinho
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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29
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30
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Booth JJ, Omar M, Abbott S, Shimizu S. Hydrotrope accumulation around the drug: the driving force for solubilization and minimum hydrotrope concentration for nicotinamide and urea. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:8028-37. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05414h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rigorous statistical thermodynamic theory explains how urea and nicotinamide can solubilize hydrophobic drugs in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Booth
- York Structural Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of York
- York YO10 5DD
- UK
| | - Muhiadin Omar
- York Structural Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of York
- York YO10 5DD
- UK
| | - Steven Abbott
- Steven Abbott TCNF Ltd
- Suffolk IP1 3SZ
- UK
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Leeds
| | - Seishi Shimizu
- York Structural Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of York
- York YO10 5DD
- UK
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31
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Generation of 1:1 Carbamazepine:Nicotinamide cocrystals by spray drying. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 62:251-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Müllers KC, Paisana M, Wahl MA. Simultaneous formation and micronization of pharmaceutical cocrystals by rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS). Pharm Res 2014; 32:702-13. [PMID: 25213775 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1498-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the RESS process as a means of simultaneous micronization and cocrystallization of a model drug with poor aqueous solubility. METHODS 1:1 cocrystals of ibuprofen (IBU) and nicotinamide (NA) were produced with a pilot scale unit for RESS processing.IBU and NA were dissolved in scCO2 at 30 MPa and 50°C. After 24 h, the supercritical solution was expanded at a medium CO2 flow rate of 3.8 kg/h during 60 min into an expansion vessel kept at ambient conditions. Cocrystals were identified with DSC, XRD and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) and further characterized by SEM, specific surface area, wetting ability, solubility and dissolution testing. RESULTS Judging by DSC, XRD and CRM, cocrystals with high purity could be produced with the RESS technique. Micronization via RESS was successful, since the specific surface area of RESS cocrystals was increased almost tenfold in comparison to cocrystals produced by slow solvent evaporation. Due to the additional micronization, the mean dissolution time of IBU from RESS cocrystals was decreased. CONCLUSIONS RESS cocrystallization offers the advantage of combining micronization and cocrystallization in a single production step. For drugs with dissolution-limited bioavailability, RESS cocrystallization may therefore be a superior approach in comparison to established cocrystallization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin C Müllers
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Pharmazeutisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Shimizu S, Matubayasi N. Hydrotropy: monomer-micelle equilibrium and minimum hydrotrope concentration. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:10515-24. [PMID: 25144510 DOI: 10.1021/jp505869m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Drug molecules with low aqueous solubility can be solubilized by a class of cosolvents, known as hydrotropes. Their action has often been explained by an analogy with micelle formation, which exhibits critical micelle concentration (CMC). Indeed, hydrotropes also exhibit "minimum hydrotrope concentration" (MHC), a threshold concentration for solubilization. However, MHC is observed even for nonaggregating monomeric hydrotropes (such as urea); this raises questions over the validity of this analogy. Here we clarify the effect of micellization on hydrotropy, as well as the origin of MHC when micellization is not accompanied. On the basis of the rigorous Kirkwood-Buff (KB) theory of solutions, we show that (i) micellar hydrotropy is explained also from preferential drug-hydrotrope interaction; (ii) yet micelle formation reduces solubilization effeciency per hydrotrope molecule; (iii) MHC is caused by hydrotrope-hydrotrope self-association induced by the solute (drug) molecule; and (iv) MHC is prevented by hydrotrope self-aggregation in the bulk solution. We thus need a departure from the traditional view; the structure of hydrotrope-water mixture around the drug molecule, not the structure of the aqueous hydrotrope solutions in the bulk phase, is the true key toward understanding the origin of MHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seishi Shimizu
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York , Heslington, York YO10 5YW, United Kingdom
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Zhang Y, Huang Y, Li S. Polymeric micelles: nanocarriers for cancer-targeted drug delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:862-71. [PMID: 24700296 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric micelles represent an effective delivery system for poorly water-soluble anticancer drugs. With small size (10-100 nm) and hydrophilic shell of PEG, polymeric micelles exhibit prolonged circulation time in the blood and enhanced tumor accumulation. In this review, the importance of rational design was highlighted by summarizing the recent progress on the development of micellar formulations. Emphasis is placed on the new strategies to enhance the drug/carrier interaction for improved drug-loading capacity. In addition, the micelle-forming drug-polymer conjugates are also discussed which have both drug-loading function and antitumor activity.
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Quantification of in situ granulation-induced changes in pre-compression, solubility, dose distribution and intrinsic in vitro release characteristics of ibuprofen–cationic dextran conjugate crystanules. Int J Pharm 2014; 471:453-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lin HL, Zhang GC, Huang YT, Lin SY. An Investigation of Indomethacin–Nicotinamide Cocrystal Formation Induced by Thermal Stress in the Solid or Liquid State. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2386-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Jouyban A, Sajed-Amin S, Panahi-Azar V. Solubility of atenolol, amiodarone HCl and lamotrigine in polyethylene glycol 200 + water mixtures in the presence of β-cyclodextrin. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(14)50102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Li M, Qiao N, Wang K. Influence of sodium lauryl sulfate and tween 80 on carbamazepine-nicotinamide cocrystal solubility and dissolution behaviour. Pharmaceutics 2013; 5:508-24. [PMID: 24300560 PMCID: PMC3873677 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics5040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of the surfactants of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and Tween 80 on carbamazepine–nicotinamide (CBZ–NIC) cocrystal solubility and dissolution behaviour has been studied in this work. The solubility of the CBZ–NIC cocrystal was determined by measuring the eutectic concentrations of the drug and the coformer. Evolution of the intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) of the CBZ–NIC cocrystal was monitored by the UV imaging dissolution system during dissolution. Experimental results indicated that SLS and Tween 80 had little influence upon the solubility of the CBZ–NIC cocrystal but they had totally opposite effects on the IDR of the CBZ–NIC cocrystal during dissolution. SLS significantly increased the IDR of the CBZ–NIC cocrystal while Tween 80 decreased its IDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhong Li
- School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
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Interaction of terbinafine hydrochloride with nicotinamide in solution and solid state. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-013-0097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Shimizu S, Booth JJ, Abbott S. Hydrotropy: binding models vs. statistical thermodynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:20625-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53791a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Booth JJ, Abbott S, Shimizu S. Mechanism of hydrophobic drug solubilization by small molecule hydrotropes. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:14915-21. [PMID: 23236952 DOI: 10.1021/jp309819r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Drugs that are poorly soluble in water can be solubilized by the addition of hydrotropes. Albeit known for almost a century, how they work at a molecular basis is still controversial due to the lack of a rigorous theoretical basis. To clear up this situation, a combination of experimental data and Fluctuation Theory of Solutions (FTS) has been employed; information on the interactions between all the molecular species present in the solution has been evaluated directly. FTS has identified two major factors of hydrotrope-induced solubilization: preferential hydrotrope-solute interaction and water activity depression. The former is dominated by hydrotrope-solute association, and the latter is enhanced by ionic dissociation and hindered by the self-aggregation of the hydrotropes. Moreover, in stark contrast to previous hypotheses, neither the change of solute hydration nor the water structure accounts for hydrotropy. Indeed, the rigorous FTS poses serious doubts over the other common hypothesis: self-aggregation of the hydrotrope hinders, rather than promotes, solubilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Booth
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
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Xing J, Chen L, Song J, Guo C, Yang G, Zeng A. Separation and determination of resibufogenin and cinobufagin in Chansu using reversed-phase liquid chromatography with γ-cyclodextrin as mobile-phase modifier. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1884-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chow SF, Chen M, Shi L, Chow AHL, Sun CC. Simultaneously improving the mechanical properties, dissolution performance, and hygroscopicity of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen by cocrystallization with nicotinamide. Pharm Res 2012; 29:1854-65. [PMID: 22359146 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0709-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To be fully exploitable in both formulation and manufacturing, a drug cocrystal needs to demonstrate simultaneous improvement of multiple key pharmaceutical properties over the pure drug crystal. The present work was aimed at investigating such feasibility with two model profen-nicotinamide cocrystals. METHODS Phase pure 1:1 ibuprofen-nicotinamide and flurbiprofen-nicotinamide cocrystals were prepared from solutions through rapid solvent removal using rotary evaporation,and characterized by DSC, PXRD, FTIR, phase solubility measurements, equilibrium moisture sorption analysis, dissolution testing and tabletability analysis. RESULTS Temperature-composition phase diagrams constructed from DSC data for each profen and nicotinamide crystal revealed the characteristic melting point of the 1:1 cocrystal as well as the eutectic temperatures and compositions. Both cocrystals exhibited higher intrinsic dissolution rates than the corresponding profens. The cocrystals also sorbed less moisture and displayed considerably better tabletability than the individual profens and nicotinamide. CONCLUSIONS Phase behaviors of 1:1 profen-nicotinamide cocrystal systems were delineated by constructing their temperature-composition phase diagrams. Cocrystallization with nicotinamide can simultaneously improve tableting behavior, hygroscopicity, and dissolution performance of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen. This could pave the way for further development of such cocrystal systems into consistent, stable, efficacious and readily manufacturable drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing Fung Chow
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Rm 616, Basic Medical Sciences Building, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Subbarao CV, Chakravarthy IPK, Sai Bharadwaj AVSL, Prasad KMM. Functions of Hydrotropes in Solutions. Chem Eng Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201100484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Zeng A, Xing J, Wang C, Song J, Li C, Yang X, Yang G. Simultaneous analysis and retention behavior of major isoflavonoids in Radix Puerariae lobatae and Radix Puerariae thomsonii by high performance liquid chromatography with cyclodextrins as a mobile phase modifier. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 712:145-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Wang C, Liu H, Zhang B, Guo H. Determination of oleanolic and ursolic acid in Chinese herbs using HPLC and γ-CD as mobile phase modifier. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:3023-8. [PMID: 21994210 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
To separate and determine oleanolic acid and ursolic acid, a rapid and accurate HPLC using γ-CD as the mobile phase additive was developed. The effect of CD nature and concentration, and the acidity of the mobile phase on the chromatographic behavior of two bioactive triterpenes were systematically studied. Two bioactive triterpenes were completely separated (R = 3.11) on a Kromasil(®) C(18) column (150×4.6 mm id, 5 μm) with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/0.1% phosphoric acid with 2 mM γ-CD as the mobile phase modifier (60:40, v/v). The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL/min and the eluent was detected at 210 nm for two bioactive triterpenes. The linearity of the method was excellent (r=0.9999) over the studied range of 6-300 μg/mL for oleanolic acid, and 12-600 μg/mL for ursolic acid. The LOD and LOQ were 1.5 and 5.0, 1.0 and 3.0 μg/mL for oleanolic acid and ursolic acid, respectively. The optimized method was successfully applied to separate and determine two bioactive triterpenes in five Chinese herbs. It is concluded that this method could be used for rapid and accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of the two bioactive triterpenes in Chinese herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhe Wang
- Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi'an, P R China
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Liu X, Lu M, Guo Z, Huang L, Feng X, Wu C. Improving the chemical stability of amorphous solid dispersion with cocrystal technique by hot melt extrusion. Pharm Res 2011; 29:806-17. [PMID: 22009589 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore in-situ forming cocrystal as a single-step, efficient method to significantly depress the processing temperature and thus minimize the thermal degradation of heat-sensitive drug in preparation of solid dispersions by melting method (MM) and hot melt extrusion (HME). METHODS Carbamazepine (CBZ)-nicotinamide (NIC) cocrystal solid dispersions were prepared with polymer carriers PVP/VA, SOLUPLUS and HPMC by MM and/or HME. The formation of cocrystal was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and hot stage polarized optical microscopy. State of CBZ in solid dispersion was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and optical microscopy. Interactions between CBZ, NIC and polymers were investigated by FTIR. Dissolution behaviors of solid dispersions were compared with that of pure CBZ. RESULTS CBZ-NIC cocrystal with melting point of 160°C was formed in polymer carriers during heating process, and the preparation temperature of amorphous CBZ solid dispersion was therefore depressed to 160°C. The dissolution rate of CBZ-NIC cocrystal solid dispersion was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS By in-situ forming cocrystal, chemically stable amorphous solid dispersions were prepared by MM and HME at a depressed processing temperature. This method provides an attractive opportunity for HME of heat-sensitive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Kim JY, Kim S, Papp M, Park K, Pinal R. Hydrotropic solubilization of poorly water-soluble drugs. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:3953-65. [PMID: 20607808 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The solubilizing ability of two aromatic hydrotropes, N,N-diethylnicotinamide (DENA) and N,N-dimethylbenzamide (DMBA), was investigated using a set of 13 poorly soluble, structurally diverse drugs. The number of aromatic rings in the solute molecule has a very strong effect on the solubility enhancement produced by either hydrotrope. However, although solubility enhancements in the order of 1000- to 10,000-fold were obtained with each of the hydrotropic agents, important differences were found between the two. DMBA is more hydrophobic and undergoes more extensive self-association than DENA, as determined by vapor osmometry. As a result, DMBA is generally a more powerful solubilizer of hydrophobic drugs. DENA, on the other hand, is more polar and its self-association is essentially limited to dimer formation. However, despite being less hydrophobic, DENA is an extremely powerful solubilizer of paclitaxel, a highly hydrophobic compound. Such a result is attributed to the higher hydrogen bonding ability of DENA over DMBA and the very high hydrogen bonding ability of paclitaxel. These observations in turn illustrate the strong interplay between specific and hydrophobic interactions on the observed solubilization by hydrotropic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, College of Pharmacy, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2091, USA
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Kim S, Shi Y, Kim JY, Park K, Cheng JX. Overcoming the barriers in micellar drug delivery: loading efficiency, in vivo stability, and micelle-cell interaction. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:49-62. [PMID: 20017660 DOI: 10.1517/17425240903380446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Spontaneously constructed from block copolymers in aqueous media, the polymer micelle has been extensively studied as a potential carrier of poorly water-soluble drugs, but cellular uptake pathways and stability of micelles in blood have not yet been clearly understood. An in-depth insight into the physical and biological behaviors of polymer micelles is necessitated for designing next-generation micelles. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review suggests possible solutions to improve micellar drug loading capacity, scrutinizes the parameters influencing the micelle stability in blood, and also discusses the fate of micelles in cellular and in vivo environment, respectively. Direct and indirect evidences from the literatures mostly published after 90's were collected, analyzed and summarized. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN A critical analysis of micelle's stability in vivo and micelle-cell interaction is provided to highlight the key issues to be addressed to affirm that micelle can properly work as a drug carrier in clinical settings. TAKE HOME MESSAGE With a clear understanding of its behaviors in biological environment, the polymer micelle is a promising nanocarrier for chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwon Kim
- Purdue University, Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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