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Rykowska I, Michałkiewicz O, Nowak I, Nowak R. Drug-Modified Contact Lenses-Properties, Release Kinetics, and Stability of Active Substances with Particular Emphasis on Cyclosporine A: A Review. Molecules 2024; 29:2609. [PMID: 38893485 PMCID: PMC11173495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The following review focuses on the manufacturing and parameterizing of ocular drug delivery systems (DDS) using polymeric materials to create soft contact lenses. It discusses the types of drugs embedded into contact lenses, the various polymeric materials used in their production, methods for assessing the mechanical properties of polymers, and techniques for studying drug release kinetics. The article also explores strategies for investigating the stability of active substances released from contact lenses. It specifically emphasizes the production of soft contact lenses modified with Cyclosporine A (CyA) for the topical treatment of specific ocular conditions. The review pays attention to methods for monitoring the stability of Cyclosporine A within the discussed DDS, as well as investigating the influence of polymer matrix type on the stability and release of CyA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Rykowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (I.R.); (I.N.)
| | - Ola Michałkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (I.R.); (I.N.)
| | - Iwona Nowak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (I.R.); (I.N.)
| | - Rafał Nowak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland;
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2
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Abla KK, Mehanna MM. Lipid-based nanocarriers challenging the ocular biological barriers: Current paradigm and future perspectives. J Control Release 2023; 362:70-96. [PMID: 37591463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Eye is the most specialized and sensory body organ and treating eye diseases efficiently is necessary. Despite various attempts, the design of a consummate ophthalmic drug delivery system remains unsolved because of anatomical and physiological barriers that hinder drug transport into the desired ocular tissues. It is important to advance new platforms to manage ocular disorders, whether they exist in the anterior or posterior cavities. Nanotechnology has piqued the interest of formulation scientists because of its capability to augment ocular bioavailability, control drug release, and minimize inefficacious drug absorption, with special attention to lipid-based nanocarriers (LBNs) because of their cellular safety profiles. LBNs have greatly improved medication availability at the targeted ocular site in the required concentration while causing minimal adverse effects on the eye tissues. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms by which lipid-based nanocarriers can bypass different ocular barriers are still unclear and have not been discussed. Thus, to bridge this gap, the current work aims to highlight the applications of LBNs in the ocular drug delivery exploring the different ocular barriers and the mechanisms viz. adhesion, fusion, endocytosis, and lipid exchange, through which these platforms can overcome the barrier characteristics challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawthar K Abla
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammed M Mehanna
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
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3
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Kudryavtseva V, Otero M, Zhang J, Bukatin A, Gould D, Sukhorukov GB. Drug-Eluting Sandwich Hydrogel Lenses Based on Microchamber Film Drug Encapsulation. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2023; 3:256-265. [PMID: 37360846 PMCID: PMC10288497 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.2c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Corticosteroids are widely used as an anti-inflammatory treatment for eye inflammation, but the current methods used in clinical practice for delivery are in the form of eye drops which is usually complicated for patients or ineffective. This results in an increase in the risk of detrimental side effects. In this study, we demonstrated proof-of-concept research for the development of a contact lens-based delivery system. The sandwich hydrogel contact lens consists of a polymer microchamber film made via soft lithography with an encapsulated corticosteroid, in this case, dexamethasone, located inside the contact lens. The developed delivery system showed sustained and controlled release of the drug. The central visual part of the lenses was cleared from the polylactic acid microchamber in order to maintain a clean central aperture similar to the cosmetic-colored hydrogel contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Kudryavtseva
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
- National
Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russian
Federation
| | - Mariana Otero
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Biochemical
Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, U.K.
| | - Anton Bukatin
- Alferov
Saint Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian
Academy of Sciences, 8/3A Khlopina str., Saint Petersburg 194021, Russian
Federation
- Institute
for Analytical Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31-33 A, Ivana Chernykh str., Saint Petersburg 198095, Russia
| | - David Gould
- Biochemical
Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, U.K.
| | - Gleb B. Sukhorukov
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
- Skolkovo
Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, Moscow 121205, Russian
Federation
- Siberian
State Medical University, Moskovskiy Trakt, 2, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
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4
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Lovrec-Krstič T, Orthaber K, Maver U, Sarenac T. Review of Potential Drug-Eluting Contact Lens Technologies. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103653. [PMID: 37241280 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The field of ophthalmology is expanding exponentially, both in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities, as well as the worldwide increasing incidence of eye-related diseases. Due to an ageing population and climate change, the number of ophthalmic patients will continue to increase, overwhelming healthcare systems and likely leading to under-treatment of chronic eye diseases. Since drops are the mainstay of therapy, clinicians have long emphasised the unmet need for ocular drug delivery. Alternative methods, i.e., with better compliance, stability and longevity of drug delivery, would be preferred. Several approaches and materials are being studied and used to overcome these drawbacks. We believe that drug-loaded contact lenses are among the most promising and are a real step toward dropless ocular therapy, potentially leading to a transformation in clinical ophthalmic practice. In this review, we outline the current role of contact lenses in ocular drug delivery, focusing on materials, drug binding and preparation, concluding with a look at future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Lovrec-Krstič
- Community Health Centre Dr. Adolfa Drolca Maribor, Department of Radiology with Centre for Breast Disease, Ulica talcev 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Kristjan Orthaber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, University Medical Center Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Maver
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tomislav Sarenac
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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5
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Mondal H, Kim HJ, Mohanto N, Jee JP. A Review on Dry Eye Disease Treatment: Recent Progress, Diagnostics, and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030990. [PMID: 36986851 PMCID: PMC10051136 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease is a multifactorial disorder of the eye and tear film with potential damage to the ocular surface. Various treatment approaches for this disorder aim to alleviate disease symptoms and restore the normal ophthalmic environment. The most widely used dosage form is eye drops of different drugs with 5% bioavailability. The use of contact lenses to deliver drugs increases bioavailability by up to 50%. Cyclosporin A is a hydrophobic drug loaded onto contact lenses to treat dry eye disease with significant improvement. The tear is a source of vital biomarkers for various systemic and ocular disorders. Several biomarkers related to dry eye disease have been identified. Contact lens sensing technology has become sufficiently advanced to detect specific biomarkers and predict disease conditions accurately. This review focuses on dry eye disease treatment with cyclosporin A-loaded contact lenses, contact lens biosensors for ocular biomarkers of dry eye disease, and the possibility of integrating sensors in therapeutic contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himangsu Mondal
- Drug Delivery Research Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Nijaya Mohanto
- Drug Delivery Research Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Pil Jee
- Drug Delivery Research Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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Abdi B, Mofidfar M, Hassanpour F, Kirbas Cilingir E, Kalajahi SK, Milani PH, Ghanbarzadeh M, Fadel D, Barnett M, Ta CN, Leblanc RM, Chauhan A, Abbasi F. Therapeutic contact lenses for the treatment of corneal and ocular surface diseases: advances in extended and targeted drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2023; 638:122740. [PMID: 36804524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The eye is one of the most important organs in the human body providing critical information on the environment. Many corneal diseases can lead to vision loss affecting the lives of people around the world. Ophthalmic drug delivery has always been a major challenge in the medical sciences. Since traditional methods are less efficient (∼ 5%) at delivering drugs to ocular tissues, contact lenses have generated growing interest in ocular drug delivery due to their potential to enhance drug bioavailability in ocular tissues. The main techniques used to achieve sustained release are discussed in this review, including soaking in drug solutions, incorporating drug into multilayered contact lenses, use of vitamin E barriers, molecular imprinting, nanoparticles, micelles and liposomes. The most clinically relevant results on different eye pathologies are presented. In addition, this review summarizes the benefits of contact lenses over eye drops, strategies for incorporating drugs into lenses to achieve sustained release, results of in vitro and in vivo studies, and the recent advances in the commercialization of therapeutic contact lenses for allergic conjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Abdi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials (IPM), Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mofidfar
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fatemeh Hassanpour
- Institute of Polymeric Materials (IPM), Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Sepideh K Kalajahi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials (IPM), Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Paria H Milani
- Institute of Polymeric Materials (IPM), Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ghanbarzadeh
- Institute of Polymeric Materials (IPM), Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Daddi Fadel
- Center for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa Barnett
- University of California, Davis Eye Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Christopher N Ta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
| | - Anuj Chauhan
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, CO, USA.
| | - Farhang Abbasi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials (IPM), Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, New Town of Sahand, Tabriz, Iran.
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7
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Formulation development and evaluation of therapeutic contact lens loaded with ganciclovir. Int Ophthalmol 2023:10.1007/s10792-022-02618-6. [PMID: 36593425 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present investigation ganciclovir (GAN) loaded microparticles dispersed in hydrogel-based contact lenses were fabricated, characterized and evaluated for eye irritation. METHODS GAN-Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) microparticles were prepared by solvent evaporation method and evaluated for entrapment efficiency, drug content and drug release. The Polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate (pHEMA) contact lenses were synthesized by free radical polymerization reaction using crosslinkers like ethylene glycoldimethacrylate and photoinitiator such as IRGACURE 1173®, in UVB light, λ 365 nm. The GAN-HPMC microparticles when incorporated into the premonomer mixture and polymerized together give rise to a particle dispersion system in the hydrogel contact lenses. The contact lenses were studied for surface morphology, transmittance, swelling, drug release, Na+ion permeability and hens egg test chorioallantoic membrane assay (HETCAM). RESULTS Hydrogel contact lens exhibited satisfactory surface morphology, transmittance, swelling, Na+ion permeability (3.72 × 106 mm2/min) and a release of 48 h suggesting a potential for prolonged ocular drug delivery. Furthermore, HETCAM exhibited no signs of ocular irritation. CONCLUSION The developed delivery platform is a promising alternative to conventional dosage forms like eye drops, suspensions and ointments due to its increase in the residence time attributed to its prolonged release profile.
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8
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Glaucoma Treatment and Hydrogel: Current Insights and State of the Art. Gels 2022; 8:gels8080510. [PMID: 36005112 PMCID: PMC9407420 DOI: 10.3390/gels8080510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous gels formulated using hydrophilic polymers (hydrogels) and those based on stimuli-responsive polymers (in situ gelling or gel-forming systems) attract increasing interest in the treatment of several eye diseases. Their chemical structure enables them to incorporate various ophthalmic medications, achieving their optimal therapeutic doses and providing more clinically relevant time courses (weeks or months as opposed to hours and days), which will inevitably reduce dose frequency, thereby improving patient compliance and clinical outcomes. Due to its chronic course, the treatment of glaucoma may benefit from applying gel technologies as drug-delivering systems and as antifibrotic treatment during and after surgery. Therefore, our purpose is to review current applications of ophthalmic gelling systems with particular emphasis on glaucoma.
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9
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Pereira-da-Mota AF, Phan CM, Concheiro A, Jones L, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Testing drug release from medicated contact lenses: The missing link to predict in vivo performance. J Control Release 2022; 343:672-702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Schmidt BVKJ. Multicompartment Hydrogels. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100895. [PMID: 35092101 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels belong to the most promising materials in polymer and materials science at the moment. As they feature soft and tissue-like character as well as high water-content, a broad range of applications are addressed with hydrogels, e.g. tissue engineering and wound dressings but also soft robotics, drug delivery, actuators and catalysis. Ways to tailor hydrogel properties are crosslinking mechanism, hydrogel shape and reinforcement, but new features can be introduced by variation of hydrogel composition as well, e.g. via monomer choice, functionalization or compartmentalization. Especially, multicompartment hydrogels drive progress towards complex and highly functional soft materials. In the present review the latest developments in multicompartment hydrogels are highlighted with a focus on three types of compartments, i.e. micellar/vesicular, droplets or multi-layers including various sub-categories. Furthermore, several morphologies of compartmentalized hydrogels and applications of multicompartment hydrogels will be discussed as well. Finally, an outlook towards future developments of the field will be given. The further development of multicompartment hydrogels is highly relevant for a broad range of applications and will have a significant impact on biomedicine and organic devices. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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11
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Balance of Drug Residence and Diffusion in Lacrimal Fluid Determine Ocular Bioavailability in In Situ Gels Incorporating Tranilast Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091425. [PMID: 34575501 PMCID: PMC8466670 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously designed ophthalmic formulations (nTRA) containing tranilast nanoparticles (Tra-NPs) with high uptake into ocular tissues. In this study, we used in situ gel (ISG) bases comprising combinations of pluronic F127 (F127) and methylcellulose (MC/F127), pluronic F68 (F68/F127), and Carbopol (Car/F127), and we developed in situ gels incorporating Tra-NPs (Tra-NP-incorporated ISNGs) such as nTRA-F127, nTRA-MC/F127, nTRA-F68/F127, and nTRA-Car/F127. Moreover, we demonstrated the therapeutic effect on conjunctival inflammation using lipopolysaccharide-induced rats. Each Tra-NP-incorporated ISNG was prepared by the bead mill method, the particle size was 40–190 nm, and the tranilast release and diffusion from formulation were nTRA > nTRA-F127 > nTRA-F68/F127 > nTRA-Car/F127 > nTRA-MC/F127. In the Tra-NP-incorporated ISNGs, the tranilast residence time in the lacrimal fluid, cornea, and conjunctiva was prolonged, although the Cmax was attenuated in comparison with nTRA. On the other hand, no significant difference in conjunctival inflammation between non- and nTRA-F127-instilled rats was found; however, the nTRA-F68/F127, nTRA-Car/F127, and nTRA-MC/F127 (combination-ISG) attenuated the vessel leakage, nitric oxide, and tumor necrosis factor-α expression. In particular, nTRA-F68/F127 was significant in preventing the conjunctival inflammation. In conclusion, we found that the combination-ISG base prolonged the residence time of Tra-NPs; however, Tra-NP release from the formulation was attenuated, and the Tmax was delayed longer than that in nTRA. The balance of drug residence and diffusion in lacrimal fluid may be important in providing high ocular bioavailability in formulations containing solid nanoparticles.
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12
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Development of lipid-based microsuspensions for improved ophthalmic delivery of gentamicin sulphate. Ther Deliv 2021; 12:671-683. [PMID: 34374581 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2021-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Anterior eye segment disorders are treated with eye drops and ointments, which have low ocular bioavailability necessitating the need for improved alternatives. Lipid microsuspension of gentamicin sulphate was developed for the treatment of susceptible eye diseases. Materials & methods: Lipid microsuspensions encapsulating gentamicin sulphate were produced by hot homogenization and evaluated. Ex vivo permeation and ocular irritancy tests were also conducted. Results & conclusion: Stable microsuspensions with high entrapment efficiency and satisfactory osmolarities were obtained. Release studies achieved 49-88% in vitro release at 12 h with sustained permeability of gentamicin compared with conventional gentamicin eye drop (Evril®). No irritation was observed following Draize's test. The microsuspensions have great potential as ocular delivery system of gentamicin sulphate.
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13
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Torres-Luna C, Hu N, Domszy R, Fan X, Yang J, Briber RM, Wang NS, Yang A. Effect of Carbon Chain Length, Ionic Strength, and pH on the In Vitro Release Kinetics of Cationic Drugs from Fatty-Acid-Loaded Contact Lenses. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071060. [PMID: 34371751 PMCID: PMC8309118 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper explores the use of fatty acids in silicone hydrogel contact lenses for extending the release duration of cationic drugs. Drug release kinetics was dependent on the carbon chain length of the fatty acid loaded in the lens, with 12-, 14- and 18-carbon chain length fatty acids increasing the uptake and the release duration of ketotifen fumarate (KTF) and tetracaine hydrochloride (THCL). Drug release kinetics from oleic acid-loaded lenses was evaluated in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) at different ionic strengths (I = 167, 500, 1665 mM); the release duration of KTF and THCL was decreased with increasing ionic strength of the release medium. Furthermore, the release of KTF and THCL in deionized water did not show a burst and was significantly slower compared to that in PBS. The release kinetics of KTF and THCL was significantly faster when the pH of the release medium was decreased from 7.4 towards 5.5 because of the decrease in the relative amounts of oleate anions in the lens mostly populated at the polymer–pore interfaces. The use of boundary charges at the polymer–pore interfaces of a contact lens to enhance drug partition and extend its release is further confirmed by loading cationic phytosphingosine in contact lenses to attract an anionic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Torres-Luna
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA;
- Lynthera Corporation, 1200 Corporate Blvd., STE 10C, Lancaster, PA 17601, USA; (N.H.); (R.D.); (J.Y.)
| | - Naiping Hu
- Lynthera Corporation, 1200 Corporate Blvd., STE 10C, Lancaster, PA 17601, USA; (N.H.); (R.D.); (J.Y.)
| | - Roman Domszy
- Lynthera Corporation, 1200 Corporate Blvd., STE 10C, Lancaster, PA 17601, USA; (N.H.); (R.D.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
| | - Jeff Yang
- Lynthera Corporation, 1200 Corporate Blvd., STE 10C, Lancaster, PA 17601, USA; (N.H.); (R.D.); (J.Y.)
| | - Robert M. Briber
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA;
| | - Nam Sun Wang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA;
- Correspondence: (N.S.W.); (A.Y.); Tel.: +1-(301)-405-1910 (N.S.W.); +1-(717)-522-1739 (A.Y.)
| | - Arthur Yang
- Lynthera Corporation, 1200 Corporate Blvd., STE 10C, Lancaster, PA 17601, USA; (N.H.); (R.D.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (N.S.W.); (A.Y.); Tel.: +1-(301)-405-1910 (N.S.W.); +1-(717)-522-1739 (A.Y.)
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14
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Schultz C, Breaux J, Schentag J, Morck D. Drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye through hydrogel contact lenses. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 94:212-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2010.00553.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason Breaux
- Pyxant Labs Inc., Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Jerome Schentag
- DirectContact LLC, Swampscott, Massachusetts, USA
- University at Buffalo, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Douglas Morck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada E‐mail:
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15
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Next-generation contact lenses: Towards bioresponsive drug delivery and smart technologies in ocular therapeutics. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 161:80-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Jones L, Hui A, Phan CM, Read ML, Azar D, Buch J, Ciolino JB, Naroo SA, Pall B, Romond K, Sankaridurg P, Schnider CM, Terry L, Willcox M. CLEAR - Contact lens technologies of the future. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 44:398-430. [PMID: 33775384 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Contact lenses in the future will likely have functions other than correction of refractive error. Lenses designed to control the development of myopia are already commercially available. Contact lenses as drug delivery devices and powered through advancements in nanotechnology will open up further opportunities for unique uses of contact lenses. This review examines the use, or potential use, of contact lenses aside from their role to correct refractive error. Contact lenses can be used to detect systemic and ocular surface diseases, treat and manage various ocular conditions and as devices that can correct presbyopia, control the development of myopia or be used for augmented vision. There is also discussion of new developments in contact lens packaging and storage cases. The use of contact lenses as devices to detect systemic disease has mostly focussed on detecting changes to glucose levels in tears for monitoring diabetic control. Glucose can be detected using changes in colour, fluorescence or generation of electric signals by embedded sensors such as boronic acid, concanavalin A or glucose oxidase. Contact lenses that have gained regulatory approval can measure changes in intraocular pressure to monitor glaucoma by measuring small changes in corneal shape. Challenges include integrating sensors into contact lenses and detecting the signals generated. Various techniques are used to optimise uptake and release of the drugs to the ocular surface to treat diseases such as dry eye, glaucoma, infection and allergy. Contact lenses that either mechanically or electronically change their shape are being investigated for the management of presbyopia. Contact lenses that slow the development of myopia are based upon incorporating concentric rings of plus power, peripheral optical zone(s) with add power or non-monotonic variations in power. Various forms of these lenses have shown a reduction in myopia in clinical trials and are available in various markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada; Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong.
| | - Alex Hui
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chau-Minh Phan
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada; Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Michael L Read
- Eurolens Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dimitri Azar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Verily Life Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Buch
- Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Joseph B Ciolino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shehzad A Naroo
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Brian Pall
- Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Kathleen Romond
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Padmaja Sankaridurg
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Louise Terry
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Mark Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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17
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Torres-Luna C, Fan X, Domszy R, Hu N, Wang NS, Yang A. Hydrogel-based ocular drug delivery systems for hydrophobic drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 154:105503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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The Advantages of Polymeric Hydrogels in Calcineurin Inhibitor Delivery. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8111331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, polymeric hydrogels (PolyHy) have been extensively explored for their applications in biomedicine as biosensors, in tissue engineering, diagnostic processes, and drug release. The physical and chemical properties of PolyHy indicate their potential use in regulating drug delivery. Calcineurin inhibitors, particularly cyclosporine (CsA) and tacrolimus (TAC), are two important immunosuppressor drugs prescribed upon solid organ transplants. Although these drugs have been used since the 1970s to significantly increase the survival of transplanted organs, there are concerns regarding their undesirable side effects, primarily due to their highly variable concentrations. In fact, calcineurin inhibitors lead to acute and chronic toxicities that primarily cause adverse effects such as hypertension and nephrotoxicity. It is suggested from the evidence that the encapsulation of calcineurin inhibitors into PolyHy based on polysaccharides, specifically alginate (Alg), offers effective drug delivery with a stable immunosuppressive response at the in vitro and in vivo levels. This not only may reduce the adverse effects but also would improve the adherence of the patients by the effective preservation of drug concentrations in the therapeutic ranges.
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19
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Extended delivery of cationic drugs from contact lenses loaded with unsaturated fatty acids. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 155:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Zhu Y, Sheng Y. RETRACTED: Sustained delivery of epalrestat to the retina using PEGylated solid lipid nanoparticles laden contact lens. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119688. [PMID: 32717281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Significant similarities were noticed post-publication between this article and an article submitted to the Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology on the same day, by an apparently unrelated research group: Tong Zhang, Tianhui Zhu, Fanyin Wang, Ling Peng and Mingying Lai 60 (2020) 101949 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101949 Moreover, the authors did not respond to the journal request to comment on these similarities and to provide the raw data, and the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article. One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that their work is original and genuine. As such this article represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 167, Fangdong Street, Baqiao District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Yanjuan Sheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China.
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21
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Üstündağ Okur N, Çağlar EŞ, Siafaka PI. Novel Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: An Update on Microemulsions. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2020; 36:342-354. [PMID: 32255728 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2019.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sufficient ophthalmic drug delivery is still challenging for pharmaceutical technologists, despite various scientific efforts. Several ocular drug carriers have been designed to enhance bioavailability by prolonging the drug retention time. One of the current encouraging approaches is the utilization of colloidal carriers with the characteristic submicron-nanometer size. Microemulsions (MEs) are such colloid systems that present sizes between 5 and 200 nm with significant thermodynamic stability and low surface tension. In addition, MEs as topical ocular carriers can lead to great ocular drug adsorption due to their enhanced retention time. Furthermore, considering that MEs are stable for long time and various temperatures, their ocular application is of great interest. The aim of this study is to cover basic physicochemical principals of ocular MEs such as their possible size, stability, and therapeutic efficacy against various eye disorders. Thus, a comprehensive review for ocular drug delivery systems in the form of MEs that show promising characteristics as their stability and therapeutic efficiency is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Üstündağ Okur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Şefik Çağlar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Panoraia I Siafaka
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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22
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Suri R, Beg S, Kohli K. Target strategies for drug delivery bypassing ocular barriers. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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23
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Chatterjee S, Upadhyay P, Mishra M, M. S, Akshara MR, N. K, Zaidi ZS, Iqbal SF, Misra SK. Advances in chemistry and composition of soft materials for drug releasing contact lenses. RSC Adv 2020; 10:36751-36777. [PMID: 35517957 PMCID: PMC9057048 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06681h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular drug delivery has always been a challenging feat to achieve in the field of medical sciences. One of the existing methods of non-invasive ocular drug delivery is the use of eye drops. However, drugs administered through these formulations have low bioavailability in the ocular system. This limitation can been overcome by using contact lenses as drug delivery vehicles. According to USA FDA definitions they can be categorized into two main categories-hard and soft contact lenses. Based on the material properties, hard contact lenses are mostly produced from polymers of acrylate monomers such as MMA (methyl methacrylate). These have the least water retention capacity, thereby, having minimal ability to diffuse oxygen into the corneal layer and are not ideal for long term use. Soft material contact lenses are flexible and are mainly hydrogel based. They have higher water retention capacities as compared to rigid contact lenses, which gives them the ability to transmit oxygen to the corneal layer. These hydrogel based soft materials are mainly produced from polymers of acrylate monomers such as HEMA (hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and found to be better for drug delivery contact lenses. These polymer-based soft materials have been efficiently modified in terms of their chemistry to achieve diverse physicochemical properties to produce efficient ocular drug delivery systems. However, complications such as drug leaching during storage and distribution, sterilisation, preservation of integrity of the lens and the possibility of surface roughness due to the incorporated drug molecules still need to be optimised. This review highlights the chemistries of various polymeric molecules through which physicochemical properties can be modified to achieve optimum drug loading and sustained release of the drug for application in the ocular system. Contact lens as controllable route for ocular drug delivery.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Chatterjee
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kalyanpur
- India-208016
| | - Prashant Upadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kalyanpur
- India-208016
| | - Manjul Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kalyanpur
- India-208016
| | - Srividya M.
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kalyanpur
- India-208016
| | - M. R. Akshara
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kalyanpur
- India-208016
| | - Kamali N.
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kalyanpur
- India-208016
| | - Zahra Sifat Zaidi
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kalyanpur
- India-208016
| | - Sayeda F. Iqbal
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kalyanpur
- India-208016
| | - Santosh K. Misra
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kalyanpur
- India-208016
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24
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Formation of Drug-Participating Catanionic Aggregates for Extended Delivery of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs from Contact Lenses. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100593. [PMID: 31658626 PMCID: PMC6843253 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper focuses on extending drug release duration from contact lenses by incorporating catanionic aggregates. The aggregates consist of a long-chain cationic surfactant, i.e., cetalkonium chloride (CKC), and an oppositely charged anti-inflammatory amphiphilic drug. We studied three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drugs with different octanol–water partition coefficients; diclofenac sodium (DFNa), flurbiprofen sodium (FBNa), and naproxen sodium (NPNa). Confirmation of catanionic aggregate formation in solution was determined by steady and dynamic shear rheology measurements. We observed the increased viscosity, shear thinning, and viscoelastic behavior characteristic of wormlike micelles; the rheological data are reasonably well described using a Maxwellian fluid model with a single relaxation time. In vitro release experiments demonstrated that the extension in the drug release time is dependent on the ability of a drug to form viscoelastic catanionic aggregates. Such aggregates retard the diffusive transport of drug molecules from the contact lenses. Our study revealed that the release kinetics depends on the CKC concentration and the alkyl chain length of the cationic surfactant. We demonstrated that more hydrophobic drugs such as diclofenac sodium show a more extended release than less hydrophobic drugs such as naproxen sodium.
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25
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Torres-Luna C, Hu N, Tammareddy T, Domszy R, Yang J, Wang NS, Yang A. Extended delivery of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs through contact lenses loaded with Vitamin E and cationic surfactants. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2019; 42:546-552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Effect of a Cationic Surfactant on Microemulsion Globules and Drug Release from Hydrogel Contact Lenses. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11060262. [PMID: 31174291 PMCID: PMC6631260 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11060262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluates the in vitro release of diclofenac sodium (DFNa) from contact lenses based on poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (pHEMA) hydrogels containing an embedded microemulsion to extend release duration. The oil (ethyl butyrate)-in-water microemulsion systems are prepared with two non-ionic surfactants, Brij 97 or Tween 80, together with a long-alkyl chain cationic surfactant, cetalkonium chloride (CKC). Without CKC, Brij 97 or Tween 80-based microemulsions showed average droplet sizes of 12 nm and 18 nm, respectively. The addition of CKC decreased the average droplet sizes to 2–5 nm for both non-ionic surfactants. Such significant reduction in the average droplet size corresponds to an increase in the DFNa release duration as revealed by the in vitro experiments. Contact lens characterization showed that important properties such as optical transparency and water content of Brij 97-based contact lenses with cationic microemulsions was excellent. However, the optical transparency of the corresponding Tween 80 based contact lenses was unsatisfactory. The results indicate that cationic microemulsion-laden contact lenses can benefit from combinatory effects of microemulsions and cationic surfactant at low CKC weight percentage, e.g., with the release of 70% of the drug in 45, 10, and 7 h for B97-CKC-0.45%, CKC-0.45%, and control lenses, respectively. However, the microemulsion effect on extending DFNa release became negligible at the highest CKC weight percentage (1.8%).
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27
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Patel D, Wairkar S. Recent advances in cyclosporine drug delivery: challenges and opportunities. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2019; 9:1067-1081. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-019-00650-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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28
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Devi S, Saini V, Kumar M, Bhatt S, Gupta S, Deep A. A Novel Approach of Drug Localization through Development of Polymeric Micellar System Containing Azelastine HCl for Ocular Delivery. Pharm Nanotechnol 2019; 7:314-327. [PMID: 31362666 PMCID: PMC7040519 DOI: 10.2174/2211738507666190726162000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of polymeric micelles for the management of allergic conjunctivitis to overcome the limitations of topical installation, such as poor patient compliance, poor stromal permeability, and significant adverse effects, increase precorneal residence time and efficacy, and also control the release of drug at the target site. OBJECTIVE The investigation was aimed at developing a polymeric micellar system of Azelastine HCl for Ocular Delivery. METHODS Drug loaded micelles of tri-block copolymers Pf 127 were prepared by Thin Film hydration method. The polymeric micelles formulations (F1 to F9) were assessed for entrapment efficiency, micelle size, in vitro permeation, ex vivo transcorneal permeation, in vivo Ocular Irritation, and Histology. RESULTS Optimized micelles formulation (F3), with the lowest micelle size of 92 nm, least polydispersity value of 0.135, highest entrapment efficiency of 95.30 ± 0.17%, and a cumulative drug permeation of 84.12 ± 1.26% in 8h, was selected to develop pH-sensitive micelles loaded carbopol in situ gel. The optimized in situ gel (G4) proved to be superior in its ex vivo transcorneal permeation when compared with Market Preparation and pure drug suspension, exhibiting 43.35 ± 1.48% Permeation with zero-order kinetics (r2 = 0.9944) across goat cornea. Transmission Electron microscopy revealed spherical polymeric micelles trapped in the gel matrix. A series of experiments showed hydration capability, non-irritancy, and histologically safe gel formulation that had appropriate handling characteristics. CONCLUSION A controlled release pH-sensitive ocular formulation capable of carrying the drug to the anterior section of the eye via topical delivery was successfully developed for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Devi
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Vipin Saini
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Shailendra Bhatt
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Aman Deep
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
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29
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A comprehensive review on contact lens for ophthalmic drug delivery. J Control Release 2018; 281:97-118. [PMID: 29782944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the prevalence of electronic devices and an aging population, the number of people affected with eye disease is increasing year by year. In spite of a large number of eye drops on the market, most of them do not perform sufficiently, due to rapid clearance mechanisms and ocular barriers. To enhance drug delivery to the eye, a number of novel formulations for ocular diseases have been investigated over recent decades, aiming to increase drug retention and permeation while also allowing for sustained drug release over prolonged periods. The contact lens, initially used to correct visual acuity and beautify female eyes, is one such novel formulation with outstanding potential. Recently, contact lenses have been extensively used for ocular drug delivery to enhance ocular bioavailability and reduce side effects, and are particularly suitable for the treatment of chronic diseases, and thus are of interest to ophthalmic scientists. This review summarizes contact lens classification, methods of preparation, strategies for integrating drugs into lenses, in vitro and in vivo studies, and clinical applications. This review also discusses the current state of ocular drug therapy and provides an outlook for future therapeutic opportunities in the field of ocular drug delivery.
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30
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Hui A. Contact lenses for ophthalmic drug delivery. Clin Exp Optom 2018; 100:494-512. [PMID: 28940532 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Contact lenses as a means to deliver pharmaceuticals to the eye have seen a significant increase in research interest in the past few years. This review will detail the in vitro experiments which have investigated use of these contact lenses in the context of the desired pharmacological treatment goals in the management of infectious, inflammatory, allergic and glaucomatous diseases of the eye. The techniques researchers have employed to modify and tailor drug release rates from these materials, including the use of vitamin E diffusion barriers, modified ionicity, molecular imprinting and incorporation of drug reservoirs, will be discussed, as well as their impact on drug release kinetics. Finally, the demonstration of the feasibility of these materials when applied in vivo in animal models as well as in humans with and without disease will be presented and their results discussed relating to their implications for the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Hui
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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31
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Yokozaki Y, Shimoyama Y. Loading of vitamin E into silicone hydrogel by supercritical carbon dioxide impregnation toward controlled release of timolol maleate. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Soliman OAEA, Mohamed EA, Khatera NAA. Enhanced ocular bioavailability of fluconazole from niosomal gels and microemulsions: formulation, optimization, and in vitro–in vivo evaluation. Pharm Dev Technol 2017; 24:48-62. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2017.1413658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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33
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Dominguez-Godinez C, Carracedo G, Pintor J. Diquafosol Delivery from Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses: Improved Effect on Tear Secretion. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2017; 34:170-176. [PMID: 28700254 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2016.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability to uptake and to deliver diquafosol from commercial contact lenses (CLs) and its effect on tear secretion. METHODS For both in vitro and in vivo experiments, two commercial silicone hydrogel (Si-Hy) CLs (comfilcon A and balafilcon A) were used. The CLs were soaked overnight for 12 h in diquafosol solution and control CLs were soaked in saline solution (NaCl 0.9%). The CLs were introduced into a new well container with 1 mL of saline solution, and aliquots of 100 μL were extracted at different times during a period of 6 h to measure the diquafosol release. For in vivo experiments, nine male New Zealand white rabbits were used. CLs soaked in diquafosol were inserted in the eye and compared with control CLs and diquafosol topical instillation. Schirmer's tests were performed to evaluate tear secretion and diquafosol release at different times during the 6-h period. RESULTS For in vitro experiments, the largest amount of diquafosol was released during the first 24 h for both CL materials under study, without statistical differences between them (P < 0.05). The topical application showed the maximum release at 1 min after instillation, meanwhile the release from both CL materials was at 30 min of insertion. The effect on tear secretion was higher with CL delivery compared with topical instillation (P < 0.05), being 300 min for both CLs and 90 min for topical application. CONCLUSION The use of CLs increases the residence time of diquafosol on the ocular surface with a concomitant enhancement in tear secretion during longer periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Dominguez-Godinez
- 1 Department of Optics II (Optometry and Vision), Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Carracedo
- 1 Department of Optics II (Optometry and Vision), Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Pintor
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
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Rhee MK, Mah FS. Clinical utility of cyclosporine (CsA) ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% for symptomatic relief in people with chronic dry eye: a review of the literature. Clin Ophthalmol 2017; 11:1157-1166. [PMID: 28790800 PMCID: PMC5488761 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s113437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To review the literature on the efficacy of cyclosporine (CsA) ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% on symptomatic relief in chronic dry eye disease. There is consistent evidence of objective improvements in chronic dry eye disease (Schirmer score, corneal and interpalpebral dye staining, and tear breakup time) with CsA, but variable results with symptomatic improvement, possibly due to patient tolerance of CsA, similar comforting effect with artificial tears and CsA vehicle, and the inherent subjective nature of symptom monitoring and analysis. This review explores the literature on CsA with special attention to symptomatic relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K Rhee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
Dry eye disease affects a substantial segment of the word population with increasing frequency. It is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface and tear film, which causes ocular discomfort, visual disturbances, and tear instability with potential damage to the cornea and conjunctiva. Because of its multifactorial etiology, the use of different pharmacological treatment for dry eye treatment has been proposed, which include anti-inflammatory molecules, lubricants or comfort agents, and secretagogues. However, in some cases these pharmacological approaches only relieve symptoms temporarily, and consequently, eye care professionals continue to have difficulties managing dry eye. To improve pharmacological therapy that allows a more efficient and long-term action, effective ocular drug delivery of the currently available drugs for dry eye treatment is required. Contact lenses are emerging as alternative ophthalmic drugs delivery systems that provide an increased residence time of the drug at the eye, thus leading to enhanced bioavailability and more convenient and efficacious therapy. In this article, we reviewed the different techniques used to prepare contact lens-based drug delivery systems and focused on articles that describe the delivery of compounds for dry eye treatment through contact lenses.
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Abstract
Microemulsions (MEs) are thermodynamic stable dispersion of oily phase and aqueous phase stabilized by surfactants and co-surfactants, and are a small droplet size of less than 100 nm. MEs are appropriate systems for ocular drug delivery because they improve ocular drug retention, extended duration of action, high ocular absorption, permeation of loaded drugs and effortlessness of preparation and administration. This review is an effort to summarize the recent development in the area of MEs, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems, which are examined in relation to their uses in ocular drug delivery. The noteworthy patent, toxicity and stability issues related to these ME systems are also explored here.
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Lallemand F, Schmitt M, Bourges JL, Gurny R, Benita S, Garrigue JS. Cyclosporine A delivery to the eye: A comprehensive review of academic and industrial efforts. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 117:14-28. [PMID: 28315447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Local ocular delivery of cyclosporine A (CsA) is the preferred method for CsA delivery as a treatment for ocular inflammatory diseases such as uveitis, corneal healing, vernal keratoconjunctivitis and dry eye disease. However, due to the large molecular weight and hydrophobic nature of CsA and the natural protective mechanisms of the eye, achieving therapeutic levels of CsA in ocular tissues can be difficult. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the current products available to clinicians as well as emerging drug delivery solutions that have been developed at both the academic and industry levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jean-Louis Bourges
- Department of Ophthalmology, Paris Descartes School of Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Cochin-Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Robert Gurny
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simon Benita
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Israel
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Extended Ciprofloxacin Release Using Vitamin E Diffusion Barrier From Commercial Silicone-Based Soft Contact Lenses. Eye Contact Lens 2017; 43:103-109. [DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Hong SC, Yoo SY, Kim H, Lee J. Chitosan-Based Multifunctional Platforms for Local Delivery of Therapeutics. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15030060. [PMID: 28257059 PMCID: PMC5367017 DOI: 10.3390/md15030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan has been widely used as a key biomaterial for the development of drug delivery systems intended to be administered via oral and parenteral routes. In particular, chitosan-based microparticles are the most frequently employed delivery system, along with specialized systems such as hydrogels, nanoparticles and thin films. Based on the progress made in chitosan-based drug delivery systems, the usefulness of chitosan has further expanded to anti-cancer chemoembolization, tissue engineering, and stem cell research. For instance, chitosan has been used to develop embolic materials designed to efficiently occlude the blood vessels by which the oxygen and nutrients are supplied. Indeed, it has been reported to be a promising embolic material. For better anti-cancer effect, embolic materials that can locally release anti-cancer drugs were proposed. In addition, a complex of radioactive materials and chitosan to be locally injected into the liver has been investigated as an efficient therapeutic tool for hepatocellular carcinoma. In line with this, a number of attempts have been explored to use chitosan-based carriers for the delivery of various agents, especially to the site of interest. Thus, in this work, studies where chitosan-based drug delivery systems have successfully been used for local delivery will be presented along with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Chul Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Seung-Yup Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Hyeongmin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Jaehwi Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
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40
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Mandal A, Bisht R, Rupenthal ID, Mitra AK. Polymeric micelles for ocular drug delivery: From structural frameworks to recent preclinical studies. J Control Release 2017; 248:96-116. [PMID: 28087407 PMCID: PMC5319397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Effective intraocular drug delivery poses a major challenge due to the presence of various elimination mechanisms and physiological barriers that result in low ocular bioavailability after topical application. Over the past decades, polymeric micelles have emerged as one of the most promising drug delivery platforms for the management of ocular diseases affecting the anterior (dry eye syndrome) and posterior (age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma) segments of the eye. Promising preclinical efficacy results from both in-vitro and in-vivo animal studies have led to their steady progression through clinical trials. The mucoadhesive nature of these polymeric micelles results in enhanced contact with the ocular surface while their small size allows better tissue penetration. Most importantly, being highly water soluble, these polymeric micelles generate clear aqueous solutions which allows easy application in the form of eye drops without any vision interference. Enhanced stability, larger cargo capacity, non-toxicity, ease of surface modification and controlled drug release are additional advantages with polymeric micelles. Finally, simple and cost effective fabrication techniques render their industrial acceptance relatively high. This review summarizes structural frameworks, methods of preparation, physicochemical properties, patented inventions and recent advances of these micelles as effective carriers for ocular drug delivery highlighting their performance in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhirup Mandal
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Rohit Bisht
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit (BOTU), Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ilva D Rupenthal
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit (BOTU), Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ashim K Mitra
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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41
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Modern approaches to the ocular delivery of cyclosporine A. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:977-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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42
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Mehra NK, Cai D, Kuo L, Hein T, Palakurthi S. Safety and toxicity of nanomaterials for ocular drug delivery applications. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:836-60. [PMID: 27027670 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2016.1153165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanomaterials are rapidly emerging for ophthalmic delivery of therapeutics to facilitate safe and effective targeting with improved patient compliance. Because of their extremely high area to volume ratio, nanomaterials often have physicochemical properties that are different from those of their larger counterparts. There exists a complex relationship between the physicochemical properties (composition, size, shape, charge, roughness, and porosity) of the nanomaterials and their interaction with the biological system. The eye is a very sensitive accessible organ and is subjected to intended and unintended exposure to nanomaterials. Currently, various ophthalmic formulations are available in the market, while some are underway in preclinical and clinical phases. However, the data on safety, efficacy, and toxicology of these advanced nanomaterials for ocular drug delivery are sparse. Focus of the present review is to provide a comprehensive report on the safety, biocompatibility and toxicities of nanomaterials in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelesh K Mehra
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy , Texas A&M Health Science Center , Kingsville , TX , USA
| | - Defu Cai
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy , Texas A&M Health Science Center , Kingsville , TX , USA
| | - Lih Kuo
- b Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine , Texas A&M Health Science Center , Temple , TX , USA ;,c Department of Surgery and Scott & White Eye Institute, College of Medicine , Texas A&M Health Science Center , Temple , TX , USA
| | - Travis Hein
- c Department of Surgery and Scott & White Eye Institute, College of Medicine , Texas A&M Health Science Center , Temple , TX , USA
| | - Srinath Palakurthi
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy , Texas A&M Health Science Center , Kingsville , TX , USA
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43
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Behl G, Iqbal J, O'Reilly NJ, McLoughlin P, Fitzhenry L. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) Contact Lenses Containing Chitosan Nanoparticles as an Ocular Delivery System for Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate. Pharm Res 2016; 33:1638-48. [PMID: 26964548 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DXP) is an anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to treat acute and chronic ocular diseases. It is routinely delivered using eye-drops, where typically only 5% of the drug penetrates the corneal epithelium. The bioavailability of such ophthalmic drugs can be enhanced significantly using contact lenses incorporating drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs). METHODS The mechanism of release from chitosan NPs (CS-NPs), synthesized by ionic gelation, was studied in vitro. The DXP loaded CS-NPs were subsequently entrapped in contact lenses and the optical and drug-release properties were assessed. RESULTS DXP release from CS-NPs followed diffusion and swelling controlled mechanisms, with an additional proposed impact from the electrostatic interaction between the drug and the CS-NPs. The release rate was found to increase with an increase in drug loading from 20 to 50 wt%. However, an inverse effect was observed when initial loading increased to 100 wt%. NP-laden lenses were optically clear (95-98% transmittance relative to the neat contact lens) and demonstrated sustained DXP release, with approximately 55.73% released in 22 days. CONCLUSIONS The release profile indicated that drug levels were within the therapeutic requirement for anti-inflammatory use. These results suggest that these materials might be a promising candidate for the delivery of DXP and other important ophthalmic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Behl
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science, School of Science and Computing, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science, School of Science and Computing, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Niall J O'Reilly
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science, School of Science and Computing, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Peter McLoughlin
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science, School of Science and Computing, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Laurence Fitzhenry
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science, School of Science and Computing, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland.
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44
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Yellepeddi VK, Palakurthi S. Recent Advances in Topical Ocular Drug Delivery. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2016; 32:67-82. [DOI: 10.1089/jop.2015.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Kashyap Yellepeddi
- College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, Utah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Srinath Palakurthi
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, Texas
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45
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Abstract
Contact lenses for ophthalmic drug delivery have become very popular, due to their unique advantages like extended wear and more than 50% bioavailability. To achieve controlled and sustained drug delivery from contact lenses, researchers are working on various systems like polymeric nanoparticles, microemulsion, micelle, liposomes, use of vitamin E, etc. Numerous scientists are working on different areas of therapeutic contact lenses to treat ocular diseases by implementing techniques like soaking method, molecular imprinting, entrapment of drug-laden colloidal nanoparticles, drug plate/film, ion ligand polymeric systems, supercritical fluid technology, etc. Though sustained drug delivery was achieved using contact lens, the critical properties such as water content, tensile strength (mechanical properties), ion permeability, transparency and oxygen permeability were altered, which limit the commercialization of therapeutic contact lenses. Also issues like drug stability during processing/fabrication (drug integrity test), zero order release kinetics (prevent burst release), drug release during monomer extraction step after fabrication (to remove un-reacted monomers), protein adherence, drug release during storage in packaging solution, shelf life study, cost-benefit analysis, etc. are still to be addressed. This review provides an expert opinion on different methodology to develop therapeutic contact lenses with special remark of their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furqan A Maulvi
- a Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University , Gujarat , India
| | - Tejal G Soni
- b Faculty of Pharmacy , Dharmsinh Desai University , Gujarat , India
| | - Dinesh O Shah
- c Shah-Schulman Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology, Dharmsinh Desai University , Gujarat , India.,d Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Anaesthesiology , University of Florida , FL , USA , and.,e School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University , New York , USA
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46
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Shukr MH. Novelin situgelling ocular inserts for voriconazole-loaded niosomes: design,in vitrocharacterisation andin vivoevaluation of the ocular irritation and drug pharmacokinetics. J Microencapsul 2016; 33:71-9. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2015.1128489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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47
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Delmar K, Bianco-Peled H. Composite chitosan hydrogels for extended release of hydrophobic drugs. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 136:570-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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48
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Enhanced impregnation of hydrogel contact lenses with salicylic acid by addition of water in supercritical carbon dioxide. Chem Eng Res Des 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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49
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Rad MS, Sajadi Tabassi SA, Moghadam MH, Mohajeri SA. Controlled release of betamethasone from vitamin E-loaded silicone-based soft contact lenses. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:894-899. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1078355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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50
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Nanomicelle formulation for topical delivery of cyclosporine A into the cornea: in vitro mechanism and in vivo permeation evaluation. Sci Rep 2015. [PMCID: PMC4549686 DOI: 10.1038/srep12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A stable topical ophthalmic cyclosporine A (CsA) formulation with good tolerance and high efficacy is still a desire in pharmaceutics and clinics. This article describes the preparation of CsA containing nanomicelles using a polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol (PVCL-PVA-PEG) graft copolymer. Both the polymer itself and the CsA nanomicelles were evaluated for cytotoxicity and ocular irritation. The in vitro uptake and intracellular fate of nanomicelles were characterized. In vivo cornea permeation test performed with 0.5 mg/mL CsA containing nanomicelles, and compared with a commercially available CsA (10 mg/mL) oil-based ophthalmic solution. The CsA nanomicelle ophthalmic solution was simple to prepare and remained storage stable. PVCL-PVA-PEG had no cytotoxicity as its monomer solution, and as its micelle solution (IC50(48 h) = 14.02 mg/mL). CsA nanomicelles also had excellent ocular tolerance in rabbits. The use of nanomicelles significantly improved in vitro cellular uptake, apparently by an energy dependent intracellular endocytosis pathway that involved early endosomes, late endosomes, lysosomes, and ER. In vivo permeation showed that 0.5 mg/mL CsA nanomicelles delivered high levels of CsA into the cornea, when compared to the oil-based 10 mg/mL CsA ophthalmic solution. These findings indicated PVCL-PVA-PEG nanomicelles could be a promising topical delivery system for ocular administration of CsA.
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