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Becelaere J, Frateur O, Schoolaert E, Vanhoorne V, D'hooge DR, Vervaet C, Hoogenboom R, De Clerck K. Solvent electrospinning amorphous solid dispersions with high itraconazole, celecoxib, mebendazole and fenofibrate drug loading and release potential. J Control Release 2023; 362:268-277. [PMID: 37648083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the feasibility of ultra-high drug loaded amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) for the poorly soluble itraconazole, mebendazole and celecoxib via solvent electrospinning in combination with poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and fenofibrate in combination with polyvinylpyrrolidone is demonstrated. By lowering the polymer concentration in the electrospinning solution below its individual spinnable limit, ASDs with a drug content of up to 80 wt% are obtained. This is attributed to drug-polymer interactions not being limited by default to hydrogen bonds, as also Van der Waals interactions can result in high drug loadings. The theoretically predicted miscibility by the Flory-Huggins theory is corroborated by the experimental findings based on (modulated) differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffraction. Globally, the maximally obtained amorphous drug loadings are higher compared to the loadings found in literature. Additionally, non-sink dissolution tests demonstrate an increase in solubility of up to 50 times compared to their crystalline counterparts. Moreover, due to the lack of precipitation biocompatible PEtOx succeeds in stabilizing the dissolved drug and inhibiting its instant precipitation. The current work thus demonstrates the broader applicability of the electrospinning technique for the production of physically stable ASDs with ultra-high drug loadings, a result which has been validated for several Biopharmaceutics Classification System class II drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Becelaere
- Ghent University, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Technologiepark 70A, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olmo Frateur
- Ghent University, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Technologiepark 70A, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ella Schoolaert
- Ghent University, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Technologiepark 70A, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Valérie Vanhoorne
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dagmar R D'hooge
- Ghent University, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Technologiepark 70A, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Vervaet
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Ghent University, Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Krijgslaan 281 - S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Karen De Clerck
- Ghent University, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Technologiepark 70A, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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Zhang J, Guo M, Luo M, Cai T. Advances in the development of amorphous solid dispersions: The role of polymeric carriers. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100834. [PMID: 37635801 PMCID: PMC10450425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is one of the most effective approaches for delivering poorly soluble drugs. In ASDs, polymeric materials serve as the carriers in which the drugs are dispersed at the molecular level. To prepare the solid dispersions, there are many polymers with various physicochemical and thermochemical characteristics available for use in ASD formulations. Polymer selection is of great importance because it influences the stability, solubility and dissolution rates, manufacturing process, and bioavailability of the ASD. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of ASDs from the perspectives of physicochemical characteristics of polymers, formulation designs and preparation methods. Furthermore, considerations of safety and regulatory requirements along with the studies recommended for characterizing and evaluating polymeric carriers are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Minshan Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Minqian Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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3
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Huang Q, Zou Z, Li X, Xiao Q, Liang G, Wu W. Poly (amino acid)s as new co-formers in amorphous solid dispersion. Int J Pharm 2023; 634:122645. [PMID: 36706970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The drug-amino acid co-amorphous systems and amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are promising methods to address the poor water solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, some amino acids might not be perfect co-formers for co-amorphous systems, and the relatively low drug-loading of many ASDs is one of the main disadvantages of ASDs. Thus, poly-l-lysine and polyglutamic acid were selected as the co-formers, ball milled with basic mebendazole, neutral tadalafil and acidic valsartan at different weight ratios (from 3:1 to 1:3) to prepare poly (amino acid)-based ASDs, aiming to combine the advantages of co-amorphous systems (high drug-loading) and ASDs (relatively high Tg and high physical stability). All the mixtures were converted into amorphous after milling. The powder dissolution studies showed that drug-poly (amino acid) ASDs improved the dissolution rate of the drug in different ways and to different degrees. Moreover, the two poly (amino acid)s enhanced the physical stability of amorphous drugs. It is worthy to mention that the salt formation between the drug and the poly (amino acid) does not necessarily mean better performance compared to non-salt forming systems, and salt formation is also not a prerequisite for the formation of promising drug-poly (amino acid) ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiren Zou
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinwen Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, Zhejiang, China; Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Joshi P, Sangamwar AT. Insights into the Role of Compendial/Biorelevant Media on the Supersaturation Behaviour of Drug Combination (Drug-Drug Interaction) and Precipitation Inhibition by Polymers. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:300. [DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02448-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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López-Cauce B, Urquía A, Menchén L, Homma K, Bolás-Fernández F, García-Rodriguez JJ, Puerto M. Lentinula edodes extract increases goblet cell number and Muc2 expression in an intestinal inflammatory model of Trichinella spiralis infection. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112937. [PMID: 35427820 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AHCC® is a standardized extract of cultured mushroom (Lentinula edodes) mycelia with a wide variety of therapeutic effects including anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antiviral effects. Trichinellosis, a food-borne parasitic zoonosis is caused by the nematode Trichinella spp. Infection with Trichinella is characterized by the induction of a Th1-type response at the beginning of the intestinal phase, followed by a dominant Th2-type response which is essential for parasite expulsion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of AHCC® in a murine model of Trichinella spiralis infection. Swiss CD1 mice were infected with T. spiralis larvae and treated with AHCC®. Standard treatment with albendazole (ABZ) was used as control in the assessment of parasite burden. The small intestine was taken out and the proximal segment was evaluated for several parameters: gene expression of immune and stress-reticulum mediators, histological damage score, goblet cell count and Mucin 2 (Muc2) gene expression. AHCC® modulated expression levels of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines and reduced histological damage score. In addition, AHCC® diminished the number of adults of T. spiralis in treated animals. AHCC® treatment anticipates T. spiralis expulsion and increases goblet cell number and Muc2 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz López-Cauce
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón-IiSGM, Spain
| | - Andrés Urquía
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Spain
| | - Luis Menchén
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón-IiSGM, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Bolás-Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J García-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Puerto
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón-IiSGM, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain.
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Gupta A, Paudwal G, Dolkar R, Lewis S, Gupta PN. Recent advances in the surfactant and controlled release polymer-based solid dispersion. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1643-1659. [PMID: 35209818 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220223095417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The oral route is the most preferred delivery route for drug administration due to its advantages such as lower cost, improved patient compliance, no need for trained personnel and the drug reactions are generally less severe. The major problem with new molecules in the drug discovery pipeline is poor solubility and dissolution rate that ultimately results in low oral bioavailability. Numerous techniques are available for solubility and bioavailability (BA) enhancement, but out of all, solid dispersion (SD) is proven to be the most feasible due to the least issues in manufacturing, processing, storage, and transportation. In the past few years, SD had been extensively applied to reinforce the common issues of insoluble drugs. Currently, many hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers are used to prepare either immediate release or controlled release SDs. Therefore, the biological behavior of the SDs is contingent upon the use of appropriate polymeric carriers and methods of preparation. The exploration of novel carriers and methodologies in SD technology leads to improved BA and therapeutic effectiveness. Moreover, the clinical applicability of SD-based formulations has been increased with the discovery of novel polymeric carriers. In this review, emphasis is laid down on the present status of recent generations of SDs (i.e., surfactant and controlled release polymer-based SD) and their application in modifying the physical properties of the drug and modulation of pharmacological response in different ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Gupta
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180002, India
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MAHE, Manipal-576104, India
| | - Gourav Paudwal
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Rigzin Dolkar
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Shaila Lewis
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MAHE, Manipal-576104, India
| | - Prem N Gupta
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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Extensive improvement of oral bioavailability of mebendazole, a brick dust, by polymer-containing SNEDDS preparation: Disruption of high crystallinity by utilizing its counter ion. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 172:213-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Effect of Polymers and Storage Relative Humidity on Amorphous Rebamipide and Its Solid Dispersion Transformation: Multiple Spectra Chemometrics of Powder X-Ray Diffraction and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13070147. [PMID: 32664249 PMCID: PMC7407760 DOI: 10.3390/ph13070147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of polymers and storage relative humidity on amorphous rebamipide (RB) and its solid dispersion phase transformation using chemometrics based on multiple datasets. The amorphous RB was prepared using particle mixture and grinding methods with hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Prepared amorphous RB and solid dispersion samples were stored under a relative humidity of 30% and 75% for four weeks. Infrared spectra of the dispersion samples suggested that the hydrogen bond network was constructed among quinolinone, carbonyl acid, and amide of RB and other polymers. The dataset combining near-infrared (NIR) spectra and powder X-ray diffractograms were applied to principal component analysis (PCA). The relationship between diffractograms and NIR spectra was evaluated using loadings and the PCA score. The multiple spectra analysis is useful for evaluating model amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredients without a standard sample.
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Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro and In Vivo Activity Against Heligmosomoides polygyrus of Novel Oral Formulations of Albendazole and Mebendazole. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1819-1826. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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10
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Yang G, Li Z, Wu F, Chen M, Wang R, Zhu H, Li Q, Yuan Y. Improving Solubility and Bioavailability of Breviscapine with Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Prepared Using Ultrasound-Assisted Solution-Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical Fluids Method. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:1661-1675. [PMID: 32210559 PMCID: PMC7071864 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s238337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breviscapine (BRE) has significant efficacy in cardiovascular disease, but the poor water solubility of breviscapine affects its oral absorption and limits its clinical application. In this study, supercritical carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2) technology was used to improve the solubility and bioavailability of BRE loaded into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). Methods The solubility of BRE in SCF-CO2 was measured under various conditions to investigate the feasibility of preparing drug-loaded MSNs by using ultrasound-assisted solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (USEDS). The preparation process of drug-loaded MSNs was optimized using the central composite design (CCD), and the optimized preparation was comprehensively characterized. Furthermore, the drug-loaded MSNs prepared by the conventional method were compared. Finally, the dissolution and bioavailability of the preparations were evaluated by in vitro release and pharmacokinetics study. Results The solubility of BRE in SCF-CO2 was extremely low which was suitable to prepare BRE-loaded MSNs by USEDS technology. The particle size of the preparation was 177.24 nm, the drug loading was 8.63%, and the specific surface area was 456.3m2/g. As compared to the conventional preparation method of solution impregnation-evaporation (SIV), the formulation prepared by USEDS technology has smaller particle size, higher drug loading, less residual solvent and better stability. The results of the in vitro release study showed that drug-loaded MSNs could significantly improve drug dissolution. The results of pharmacokinetics showed that the bioavailability of drug-loaded MSNs was increased 1.96 times compared to that of the BRE powder. Conclusion Drug-loaded MSNs can significantly improve the solubility and bioavailability of BRE, indicating a good application prospect for MSNs in improving the oral absorption of drugs. In addition, as a solid dispersion preparation technology, USEDS technology has incomparable advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Feihua Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Minyan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
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Camí GE, Brusau EV, Narda GE, Maggio RM. Dual approach for concomitant monitoring of dissolution and transformation at solid-state. Mebendazole salts case study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Real D, Orzan L, Leonardi D, Salomon CJ. Improving the Dissolution of Triclabendazole from Stable Crystalline Solid Dispersions Formulated for Oral Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 21:16. [PMID: 31807963 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Triclabendazole belongs to the class II/IV of the Biopharmaceuticals Classification System, and its low aqueous solubility represents a major drawback during the development of effective dosage forms. Therefore, the goal of this study was to elucidate whether polymeric solid dispersions would represent a suitable approach to overcome such disadvantage. Due to the lack of information on triclabendazole release, four different dissolution media were evaluated to analyze drug dissolution rate. The polymeric solid dispersions were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The selected final formulations were further stored for 24 months, and their physical stability was evaluated by means of X-ray diffraction and drug dissolution assays. Drug solubility studies indicated that poloxamer 407 (P407) solubilized a higher amount of drug than polyethylene glycol 6000. Drug-to-carrier ratio, nature of the selected carriers, and the type of dissolution media were important factors for increasing dissolution. By infrared spectroscopy, there were no specific interactions between the drug and polymers. The physicochemical characterization of the systems showed a detectable evidence of drug amorphization by increasing the carrier ratio. Micromeritic studies indicated that raw triclabendazole, physical mixtures, and reference formulation showed poor flow properties, in contrast to the triclabendazole:P407 solid dispersion sample. Both the crystalline properties and dissolution rate of selected samples were very similar after 24 months at room temperature. Thus, considering physical stability and dissolution studies, the development of the solid dispersion is a very suitable methodology to improve triclabendazole dissolution and, potentially, its biopharmaceutical performance.
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Self-Micellizing Technology Improves the Properties of Ezetimibe and Increases Its Effect on Hyperlipidemic Rats. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11120647. [PMID: 31817021 PMCID: PMC6956093 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop ezetimibe self-micellizing solid dispersions using Kolliphor® RH40 (MS-K) as a surfactant incorporating ezetimibe (EZ) into the croscarmellose hydrophilic carrier. Different ezetimibe:Kolliphor® ratios were studied to select micellar systems that improve the dissolution properties of ezetimibe. The different formulations were characterized by means of solid state analysis by SEM, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dissolution studies. These physicochemical studies showed a decrease from the crystalline structure of ezetimibe (EZ) to its amorphous state in the micellar systems (MS-K). A rapid dissolution profile was observed in these micellar systems compared to the drug raw material and physical mixture. Efficacy studies were conducted using a high-fat diet that induced hyperlipidemic rats. The micellar system selected (MS-K 1:0.75) revealed a significant improvement in serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and triglycerides (TG) compared to ezetimibe raw material. The histopathological examination of liver tissue also showed that this micellar system exhibited more beneficial effects on liver steatosis compared to ezetimibe raw material (EZ-RM) and the high-fat diet group (HFD). This study suggests that EZ micellar systems using Kolliphor® RH40 could enhance the antihyperlipidemic effect of ezetimibe and reduce liver steatosis.
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Hermans A, Kesisoglou F, Xu W, Dewitt K, Marota M, Colace T. Possibilities and Limiting Factors for the Use of Dissolution as a Quality Control Tool to Detect Presence of Crystallinity for Amorphous Solid Dispersions: An Experimental and Modeling Investigation. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:3054-3062. [PMID: 31103787 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this article, experiments on tablets containing a model compound, grazoprevir, were conducted to explore how media selection for a quality control dissolution method can influence the sensitivity for the dissolution method toward drug crystallinity detection in an amorphous solid dispersion formulation. The experiment shows that under ideal nonsink conditions with respect to crystalline solubility, dissolution can indeed be predictive of crystallinity in the formulation. However, the limit of detection for crystallinity with quality control dissolution can change based on inherent variabilities in the drug product. In addition, it is demonstrated that the method's sensitivity and accuracy might be reduced if the crystalline particles are sufficiently small with respect to the solid dispersion particles. To further demonstrate the limits of the dissolution method, a dissolution model was also explored to simulate and predict the sensitivity of the dissolution response toward crystallinity based on solubility in the media and particle size of the crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Hermans
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486.
| | | | - Wei Xu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Kristel Dewitt
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Melanie Marota
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Thomas Colace
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
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15
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Mohammad IS, Hu H, Yin L, He W. Drug nanocrystals: Fabrication methods and promising therapeutic applications. Int J Pharm 2019; 562:187-202. [PMID: 30851386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The drug nanocrystals (NCs) with unique physicochemical properties are now considered as a promising drug delivery system for poorly water-soluble drugs. So far >20 formulations of NCs have been approved in the market. In this review, we summarized recent advances of NCs with emphasis on their therapeutic applications based on administration route and disease states. At the end, we present a brief description of the future perspectives of NCs and their potential role as a promising drug delivery system. As a strategy for solubilization and bioavailability enhancement, the NCs have gained significant success. Besides this, the function of NCs is still far from developed. The emerging NC-based drug delivery approach would widen the applications of NCs in drug delivery and bio-medical field. Their in vitro and in vivo fate is extremely unclear; and the development of hybrid NCs with environment-sensitive fluorophores may assist to extend the scope of bio-imaging and provide better insight to their intracellular uptake kinetics, in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Shair Mohammad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lifang Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Wei He
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Shanghai 200443, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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Ohyagi N, Ueda K, Higashi K, Yamamoto K, Kawakami K, Moribe K. Synergetic Role of Hypromellose and Methacrylic Acid Copolymer in the Dissolution Improvement of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:1042-1050. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ibrahim AH, Ibrahim HM, Ismael HR, Samy AM. Optimization and evaluation of lyophilized fenofibrate nanoparticles with enhanced oral bioavailability and efficacy. Pharm Dev Technol 2017; 23:358-369. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2017.1295065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hany M. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hatem R. Ismael
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Samy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Yang G, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Dang B, Liu Y, Feng N. Enhanced oral bioavailability of silymarin using liposomes containing a bile salt: preparation by supercritical fluid technology and evaluation in vitro and in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:6633-44. [PMID: 26543366 PMCID: PMC4622520 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s92665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to develop a procedure to improve the dissolution and bioavailability of silymarin (SM) by using bile salt-containing liposomes that were prepared by supercritical fluid technology (ie, solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids [SEDS]). The process for the preparation of SM-loaded liposomes containing a bile salt (SM-Lip-SEDS) was optimized using a central composite design of response surface methodology with the ratio of SM to phospholipids (w/w), flow rate of solution (mL/min), and pressure (MPa) as independent variables. Particle size, entrapment efficiency (EE), and drug loading (DL) were dependent variables for optimization of the process and formulation variables. The particle size, zeta potential, EE, and DL of the optimized SM-Lip-SEDS were 160.5 nm, −62.3 mV, 91.4%, and 4.73%, respectively. Two other methods to produce SM liposomes were compared to the SEDS method. The liposomes obtained by the SEDS method exhibited the highest EE and DL, smallest particle size, and best stability compared to liposomes produced by the thin-film dispersion and reversed-phase evaporation methods. Compared to the SM powder, SM-Lip-SEDS showed increased in vitro drug release. The in vivo AUC0−t of SM-Lip-SEDS was 4.8-fold higher than that of the SM powder. These results illustrate that liposomes containing a bile salt can be used to enhance the oral bioavailability of SM and that supercritical fluid technology is suitable for the preparation of liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongtai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Beilei Dang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianping Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Li Y, Wang L, Tu Y, Yan J, Xu K, Li H. A new dosage form of emodin: For solubility and dissolution rate enhancement and application in Alzheimer's disease and bacteriostasis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mishra DK, Dhote V, Bhargava A, Jain DK, Mishra PK. Amorphous solid dispersion technique for improved drug delivery: basics to clinical applications. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 5:552-65. [PMID: 26306524 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-015-0256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Graves RA, Ledet GA, Nation CA, Pramar YV, Bostanian LA, Mandal TK. Effect of squalane on mebendazole-loaded Compritol® nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2015; 26:868-80. [PMID: 26062393 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1061351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to develop nanostructured lipid formulations of Compritol for the delivery of mebendazole. The formulations were prepared with Compritol 888 ATO, squalane, and Pluronic F68. Nine batches with different amounts of modifier, squalane, and drug were prepared. The formulations were characterized by evaluating particle size, morphology, and zeta potential. The thermal properties of the formulations were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The encapsulation efficiency of each formulation and the drug release rates from each formulation were quantified by UPLC. The particles were spherical and had median particle sizes between 300 and 600 nm (50th percentile). A linear relationship was observed between Compritol/squalane composition and the melting point of the mixture. The DSC scans of the formulations revealed some recrystallization of the drug from the formulations, and the amount of recrystallization correlated with the amount of squalane in the formulation. Approximately, 70% efficiency of encapsulation was observed in the formulations with 30% (w/w) squalane, and these formulations also had faster dissolution rates compared to the other formulations. Overall, the formulations with 30% squalane are the preferred formulation for future testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Graves
- a Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana , 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans , LA 70125-1098 , USA
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Yang G, Zhao Y, Feng N, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Dang B. Improved dissolution and bioavailability of silymarin delivered by a solid dispersion prepared using supercritical fluids. Asian J Pharm Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Novel solid dispersions of benznidazole: Preparation, dissolution profile and biological evaluation as alternative antichagasic drug delivery system. Exp Parasitol 2015; 149:84-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Suleman S, Zeleke G, Deti H, Mekonnen Z, Duchateau L, Levecke B, Vercruysse J, D'Hondt M, Wynendaele E, De Spiegeleer B. Quality of medicines commonly used in the treatment of soil transmitted helminths and giardia in ethiopia: a nationwide survey. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3345. [PMID: 25473966 PMCID: PMC4256469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of poor quality medicines in the market is a global threat on public health, especially in developing countries. Therefore, we assessed the quality of two commonly used anthelminthic drugs [mebendazole (MEB) and albendazole (ALB)] and one antiprotozoal drug [tinidazole (TNZ)] in Ethiopia. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A multilevel stratified random sampling, with as strata the different levels of supply chain system in Ethiopia, geographic areas and government/privately owned medicines outlets, was used to collect the drug samples using mystery shoppers. The three drugs (106 samples) were collected from 38 drug outlets (government/privately owned) in 7 major cities in Ethiopia between January and March 2012. All samples underwent visual and physical inspection for labeling and packaging before physico-chemical quality testing and evaluated based on individual monographs in Pharmacopoeias for identification, assay/content, dosage uniformity, dissolution, disintegration and friability. In addition, quality risk was analyzed using failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) and a risk priority number (RPN) was assigned to each quality attribute. A clinically rationalized desirability function was applied in quantification of the overall quality of each medicine. Overall, 45.3% (48/106) of the tested samples were substandard, i.e. not meeting the pharmacopoeial quality specifications claimed by their manufacturers. Assay was the quality attribute most often out-of-specification, with 29.2% (31/106) failure of the total samples. The highest failure was observed for MEB (19/42, 45.2%), followed by TNZ (10/39, 25.6%) and ALB (2/25, 8.0%). The risk analysis showed that assay (RPN = 512) is the most critical quality attribute, followed by dissolution (RPN = 336). Based on Derringer's desirability function, samples were classified into excellent (14/106,13%), good (24/106, 23%), acceptable (38/106, 36%%), low (29/106, 27%) and bad (1/106,1%) quality. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study evidenced that there is a relatively high prevalence of poor quality MEB, ALB and TNZ in Ethiopia: up to 45% if pharmacopoeial acceptance criteria are used in the traditional, dichotomous approach, and 28% if the new risk-based desirability approach was applied. The study identified assay as the most critical quality attributes. The country of origin was the most significant factor determining poor quality status of the investigated medicines in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Suleman
- School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Zeleke Mekonnen
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bruno Levecke
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jozef Vercruysse
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'Hondt
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Palmeiro-Roldán R, Fonseca-Berzal C, Gómez-Barrio A, Arán VJ, Escario JA, Torrado-Durán S, Torrado-Santiago S. Development of novel benznidazole formulations: Physicochemical characterization and in vivo evaluation on parasitemia reduction in Chagas disease. Int J Pharm 2014; 472:110-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pantziarka P, Bouche G, Meheus L, Sukhatme V, Sukhatme VP. Repurposing Drugs in Oncology (ReDO)-mebendazole as an anti-cancer agent. Ecancermedicalscience 2014; 8:443. [PMID: 25075217 PMCID: PMC4096024 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2014.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mebendazole, a well-known anti-helminthic drug in wide clinical use, has anti-cancer properties that have been elucidated in a broad range of pre-clinical studies across a number of different cancer types. Significantly, there are also two case reports of anti-cancer activity in humans. The data are summarised and discussed in relation to suggested mechanisms of action. Based on the evidence presented, it is proposed that mebendazole would synergise with a range of other drugs, including existing chemotherapeutics, and that further exploration of the potential of mebendazole as an anti-cancer therapeutic is warranted. A number of possible combinations with other drugs are discussed in the Appendix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pantziarka
- Anticancer Fund, Brussels, 1853 Strombeek-Bever, Belgium ; The George Pantziarka TP53 Trust, London KT1 2JP, UK
| | | | - Lydie Meheus
- Anticancer Fund, Brussels, 1853 Strombeek-Bever, Belgium
| | | | - Vikas P Sukhatme
- GlobalCures, Inc, Newton, MA 02459, USA ; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Kállai-Szabó B, Sinka M, Stiedl B, Sebe I, Antal I, Zelkó R. Tracking of the solubility enhancement and drug release stability of melt extrudates containing mebendazole. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(14)50097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vo CLN, Park C, Lee BJ. Current trends and future perspectives of solid dispersions containing poorly water-soluble drugs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:799-813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mebendazole Mesylate Monohydrate: A New Route to Improve the Solubility of Mebendazole Polymorphs. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:3528-38. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lee JH, Kim YL, Lee SJ, Yang J, Park JY, Kim EY, Lee D, Khang G. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Preparation/characterization of solid dispersions and enhancement of dissolution rate on celecoxib as BCS II class. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-013-0090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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31
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Alam MA, Ali R, Al-Jenoobi FI, Al-Mohizea AM. Solid dispersions: a strategy for poorly aqueous soluble drugs and technology updates. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:1419-40. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.732064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Nano-sized flake carboxymethyl cassava starch as excipient for solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2012; 423:435-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Talukder R, Reed C, Dürig T, Hussain M. Dissolution and solid-state characterization of poorly water-soluble drugs in the presence of a hydrophilic carrier. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12:1227-33. [PMID: 21932161 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-011-9697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a hydrophilic carrier on the solid-state and dissolution characteristics of poorly water-soluble drugs. Three poorly water-soluble drugs, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, and nifedipine, were studied in combination with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), a low molecular weight hydrophilic polymer, without the use of solvent. A 1:1 drug-polymer ratio was used to evaluate the percent drug release, crystallinity, and wettability. A drug-polymer ratio of 1:4 was also used in co-grinding process to evaluate the effect of polymer levels on drug release. Dissolution studies were carried out in deionized water. Mean dissolution time (MDT) was calculated, and statistical analysis of MDTs was done following a single factor one-way analysis of variance. The dissolution rate of the drugs was enhanced by several folds by the simple process of co-grinding with HPC. X-ray diffraction studies were done to investigate the effects of physical and co-ground mix with HPC on the crystallinity of the drugs, which indicated a partial loss in crystallinity upon grinding. Differential scanning calorimetry studies were performed in order to identify possible solid-state interactions between the respective drugs and HPC. Wettability of the drugs by a 0.5% aqueous HPC solution was compared with that of water and n-hexane using the "Washburn method." Increased wetting and hydrophilization of the drugs by HPC, enlarged surface area due to particle size reduction, and a decrease in the degree of crystallinity were identified as the likely contributors to dissolution rate enhancement.
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Characterisation of the Trichinella spiralis deubiquitinating enzyme, TsUCH37, an evolutionarily conserved proteasome interaction partner. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1340. [PMID: 22013496 PMCID: PMC3186758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trichinella spiralis is a zoonotic parasitic nematode that causes trichinellosis, a disease that has been identified on all continents except Antarctica. During chronic infection, T. spiralis larvae infect skeletal myofibres, severely disrupting their differentiation state. Methodology and Results An activity-based probe, HA-Ub-VME, was used to identify deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) activity in lysate of T. spiralis L1 larvae. Results were analysed by immuno-blot and immuno-precipitation, identifying a number of potential DUBs. Immuno-precipitated proteins were subjected to LC/MS/MS, yielding peptides with sequence homology to 5 conserved human DUBs: UCH-L5, UCH-L3, HAUSP, OTU 6B and Ataxin-3. The predicted gene encoding the putative UCH-L5 homologue, TsUCH37, was cloned and recombinant protein was expressed and purified. The deubiquitinating activity of this enzyme was verified by Ub-AMC assay. Co-precipitation of recombinant TsUCH37 showed that the protein associates with putative T. spiralis proteasome components, including the yeast Rpn13 homologue ADRM1. In addition, the UCH inhibitor LDN-57444 exhibited specific inhibition of recombinant TsUCH37 and reduced the viability of cultured L1 larvae. Conclusions This study reports the identification of the first T. spiralis DUB, a cysteine protease that is putatively orthologous to the human protein, hUCH-L5. Results suggest that the interaction of this protein with the proteasome has been conserved throughout evolution. We show potential for the use of inhibitor compounds to elucidate the role of UCH enzymes in T. spiralis infection and their investigation as therapeutic targets for trichinellosis. Trichinella spiralis is a parasitic nematode that infects mammals indiscriminately. Although the biggest impact of trichinellosis is observed in developing countries, the parasite is found on all continents except Antarctica. In humans, Trichinella infection contributes globally to helminth related morbidity and disability adjusted life years. In animals, infection is implicated as a serious agricultural problem and drug treatment is largely ineffective. During chronic infection, larvae invade skeletal muscle cells, forming a nurse cell complex in which they become encysted. The nurse cell is a product of the severe disruption of the host cell homeostasis. Proteins of the Ub/proteasome pathway are highly conserved throughout evolution, and considering their importance in the regulation of cell homeostasis, provide interesting and novel therapeutic targets for various diseases. In order to target this system in parasites, pathogen proteins that play a role in this pathway must be identified. We report the identification of the first T. spiralis deubiquitinating enzyme, and show evidence that the function of this protein as a proteasome interaction partner has been evolutionarily conserved. We show that members of this enzyme family are important for T. spiralis survival and that the use of inhibitor compounds may help elucidate their role in infection.
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