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Okafor NI. Microencapsulation Techniques in HIV Pediatric Formulations: Advances and Future Outlook. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2024; 2024:5081655. [PMID: 39421019 PMCID: PMC11483870 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5081655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in children has persistently been complex and tedious on a global scale. This is because adult and pediatric HIV treatments follow a similar therapeutic approach. Due to the dearth of clinically licensed pediatric antiretroviral drug (ARVD) therapy, children with HIV worldwide are prescribed unlicensed drugs each year. This has triggered likelihood of poor drug adherence, therapeutic failure, and even adverse reactions brought on by a variety of factors, including pill size and quantity, which is the main cause of swallowing difficulties, repeated administration of these various ARVDs, many of which have poor solubility and cause severe side effects in children, and unpalatability of the drug, which is one of the criteria for pediatric formulations. Thus, there is a necessity for investigation into several advanced microencapsulation techniques that could curb these challenges. Microencapsulation techniques have explored in drug delivery for encapsulation and manufacture of different nanoparticles that have shown significant potential in mitigating and surmounting different constraints, such as taste masking, enhanced drug solubility and bioavailability, and production of micronized fine powders for treatment of varying diseases. Nevertheless, the usage of these technologies in HIV pediatric formulations has garnered relatively little attention. Thus, this review has paid a keen interest in examining several microencapsulation strategies for potential utilization in the development of HIV pediatric formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnamdi Ikemefuna Okafor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Drive, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Mohammad SI, Aldosari BN, Mehanni MM, El-Gendy AO, Hozayen WG, Afzal O, Zaki RM, Sayed OM. Fabrication and application of targeted ciprofloxacin nanocarriers for the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis. Int J Pharm X 2024; 7:100247. [PMID: 38706465 PMCID: PMC11066576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria cause chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP). CPB is characterized by urinary tract infection and persistence of pathogenic bacteria in prostatic secretion. Owing to poor blood supply to the prostate gland and limited drug penetration, CBP treatment is difficult. Transferosomes are ultradeformable vesicles for nanocarrier applications, which have become an important area of nanomedicine. Such carriers are specifically targeted to the pathological area to provide maximum therapeutic efficacy. It consists of a lipid bilayer soybean lecithin phosphatidylcholine (PC), an edge activator Tween 80 with various ratios, and a chloroform/methanol core. Depending on the lipophilicity of the active substance, it can be encapsulated within the core or among the lipid bilayer. Due to their exceptional flexibility, which enables them to squeeze themselves through narrow pores that are significantly smaller than their size, they can be a solution. One formulation (Cipro5 PEG) was selected for further in vitro analysis and was composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC), Tween 80, and polyethylene glycol-6 stearate (PEG-6 stearate) in a ratio of 3:3:1 in a chloroform/methanol mixture (1:2 v/v). In vitro, the results showed that PEGylated transferosomes had faster drug release, higher permeation, and increased bioavailability. The transferosomes were quantified with a particle size of 202.59 nm, a zeta potential of-49.38 mV, and a drug entrapment efficiency of 80.05%. The aim of this study was to investigate drug targeting. Therefore, Monoclonal antibody IgG was coupled with Cipro5 PEG, which has specificity and selectivity for conjugated nanoparticles. In vivo, a total of twenty-five adult Wistar rats were obtained and randomly divided into 5 groups, each of 5 rats at random: the control group, blank group, positive control group, Cipro 5PEG group, and Cipro 5PEG coupled with IgG antibody group. The cytokines levels (IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α) in the serum were detected by analysis kits. Compared with the control group, treatment with Cipro 5PEG coupled with the IgG antibody could significantly inhibit cytokines, according to histological analysis. Cipro 5PEG, coupled with the IgG antibody group, reduced prostate tissue inflammation. Hence, our results show a promising approach to delivering antibiotics for the targeted therapy of CBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar I. Mohammad
- Biotechnology and Life Science Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Basmah Nasser Aldosari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magda M. Mehanni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O. El-Gendy
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Walaa G. Hozayen
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Randa Mohammed Zaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Ossama M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University-Kantara Branch, Ismailia 41612, Egypt
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Münter R, Bak M, Thomsen ME, Parhamifar L, Stensballe A, Simonsen JB, Kristensen K, Andresen TL. Deciphering the monocyte-targeting mechanisms of PEGylated cationic liposomes by investigating the biomolecular corona. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124129. [PMID: 38621615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Cationic liposomes specifically target monocytes in blood, rendering them promising drug-delivery tools for cancer immunotherapy, vaccines, and therapies for monocytic leukaemia. The mechanism behind this monocyte targeting ability is, however, not understood, but may involve plasma proteins adsorbed on the liposomal surfaces. To shed light on this, we investigated the biomolecular corona of three different types of PEGylated cationic liposomes, finding all of them to adsorb hyaluronan-associated proteins and proteoglycans upon incubation in human blood plasma. This prompted us to study the role of the TLR4 co-receptors CD44 and CD14, both involved in signalling and uptake pathways of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans. We found that separate inhibition of each of these receptors hampered the monocyte uptake of the liposomes in whole human blood. Based on clues from the biomolecular corona, we have thus identified two receptors involved in the targeting and uptake of cationic liposomes in monocytes, in turn suggesting that certain proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans may serve as monocyte-targeting opsonins. This mechanistic knowledge may pave the way for rational design of future monocyte-targeting drug-delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Münter
- Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Bak
- Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikkel E Thomsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9260 Gistrup, Denmark
| | - Ladan Parhamifar
- Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9260 Gistrup, Denmark; Clinical Cancer Center, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens B Simonsen
- Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kasper Kristensen
- Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Alyami HS, Ali DK, Jarrar Q, Jaradat A, Aburass H, Mohammed AA, Alyami MH, Aodah AH, Dahmash EZ. Taste Masking of Promethazine Hydrochloride Using l-Arginine Polyamide-Based Nanocapsules. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020748. [PMID: 36677806 PMCID: PMC9865149 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Promethazine hydrochloride (PMZ), a potent H1-histamine blocker widely used to prevent motion sickness, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting, has a bitter taste. In the present study, taste masked PMZ nanocapsules (NCs) were prepared using an interfacial polycondensation technique. A one-step approach was used to expedite the synthesis of NCs made from a biocompatible and biodegradable polyamide based on l-arginine. The produced NCs had an average particle size of 193.63 ± 39.1 nm and a zeta potential of −31.7 ± 1.25 mV, indicating their stability. The NCs were characterized using differential scanning calorimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction, as well as transmission electron microscopy that demonstrated the formation of the NCs and the incorporation of PMZ within the polymer. The in vitro release study of the PMZ-loaded NCs displayed a 0.91 ± 0.02% release of PMZ after 10 min using artificial saliva as the dissolution media, indicating excellent taste masked particles. The in vivo study using mice revealed that the amount of fluid consumed by the PMZ-NCs group was significantly higher than that consumed by the free PMZ group (p < 0.05). This study confirmed that NCs using polyamides based on l-arginine and interfacial polycondensation can serve as a good platform for the effective taste masking of bitter actives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad S. Alyami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Khalil Ali
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
| | - Qais Jarrar
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
| | - Abdolelah Jaradat
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
| | - Hadeel Aburass
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
| | - Abdul Aleem Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad H. Alyami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhassan H. Aodah
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science & Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Zmaily Dahmash
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-7542329215
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Impact of PEGylated Liposomal Doxorubicin and Carboplatin Combination on Glioblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102183. [PMID: 36297618 PMCID: PMC9609487 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an incurable cancer with a 5-year survival chance of less than 5%. Chemotherapy is a therapeutic approach to treating the disease; however, due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), the probability of success is low. To overcome this issue, nanoparticles are promising carriers for crossing the BBB and delivering drugs to the tumor. In this study, the anticancer efficacy of doxorubicin (DOX) and carboplatin (CB) loaded into polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated liposome nanoparticles (PEG-Lip) and in treating brain cancer was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results demonstrated that PEG-Lip-DOX/CB with a size of 212 ± 10 nm was synthesized that could release the loaded drugs in a controlled manner, from which 56.3% of the loaded drugs were released after 52 h. In addition, PEG-Lip-DOX/CB could significantly increase the cytotoxicity effects of the drugs against rat glioma C6 cells (IC50: 8.7 and 12.9 µM for the drugs-loaded nanoparticles and DOX + CB, respectively). The in vivo results also demonstrated that PEGylated liposomes, compared to non-PEGylated liposomes (Lip) and DOX + CB, were more efficient in increasing the therapeutic effects and decreasing the side effects of the drugs, in which the survival times of the glioblastoma-bearing rats were 39, 35, and 30 days in the PEG-Lip-DOX/CB, Lip-DOX/CB, and DOX + CB receiver groups, respectively. In addition, the weight loss was found to be 8.7, 10.5, and 13%, respectively, in the groups. The results of the toxicity evaluation were also confirmed by histopathological studies. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that the encapsulation of DOX and CB into PEG-Lip is a promising approach to improving the properties of DOX and CB in terms of their therapeutic effects and drug side effects for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Mechanisms of selective monocyte targeting by liposomes functionalized with a cationic, arginine-rich lipopeptide. Acta Biomater 2022; 144:96-108. [PMID: 35314364 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of monocytes with immunomodulating agents can harness the immune system to treat a long range of diseases, including cancers, infections and autoimmune diseases. To this end we aimed to develop a monocyte-targeting delivery platform based on cationic liposomes, which can be utilized to deliver immunomodulators and thus induce monocyte-mediated immune responses while avoiding off-target side-effects. The cationic liposome design is based on functionalizing the liposomal membrane with a cholesterol-anchored tri-arginine peptide (TriArg). We demonstrate that TriArg liposomes can target monocytes with high specificity in both human and murine blood and that this targeting is dependent on the content of TriArg in the liposomal membrane. In addition, we show that the mechanism of selective monocyte targeting involves the CD14 co-receptor, and selectivity is compromised when the TriArg content is increased, resulting in complement-mediated off-target uptake in granulocytes. The presented mechanistic findings of uptake by peripheral blood leukocytes may guide the design of future drug delivery systems utilized for immunotherapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Monocytes are attractive targets for immunotherapies of cancers, infections and autoimmune diseases. Specific delivery of immunostimulatory drugs to monocytes is typically achieved using ligand-targeted drug delivery systems, but a simpler approach is to target monocytes using cationic liposomes. To achieve this, however, a deep understanding of the mechanisms governing the interactions of cationic liposomes with monocytes and other leukocytes is required. We here investigate these interactions using liposomes incorporating a cationic arginine-rich lipopeptide. We demonstrate that monocyte targeting can be achieved by fine-tuning the lipopeptide content in the liposomes. Additionally, we reveal that the CD14 receptor is involved in the targeting process, whereas the complement system is not. These mechanistic findings are critical for future design of monocyte-targeting liposomal therapies.
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Jadhav S, Yenorkar N, Bondre R, Karemore M, Bali N. Nanomedicines encountering HIV dementia: A guiding star for neurotherapeutics. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nanoparticle-based strategies to target HIV-infected cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 213:112405. [PMID: 35255375 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antiretroviral drugs employed for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections have remained largely ineffective due to their poor bioavailability, numerous adverse effects, modest uptake in infected cells, undesirable drug-drug interactions, the necessity for long-term drug therapy, and lack of access to tissues and reservoirs. Nanotechnology-based interventions could serve to overcome several of these disadvantages and thereby improve the therapeutic efficacy of antiretrovirals while reducing the morbidity and mortality due to the disease. However, attempts to use nanocarriers for the delivery of anti-retroviral drugs have started gaining momentum only in the past decade. This review explores in-depth the various nanocarriers that have been employed for the treatment of HIV infections highlighting their merits and possible demerits.
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El-Nabarawi M, Nafady M, Elmenshawe S, Elkarmalawy M, Teaima M. Liver Targeting of Daclatasvir via Tailoring Sterically Stabilized Bilosomes: Fabrication, Comparative In Vitro/In Vivo Appraisal and Biodistribution Studies. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6413-6426. [PMID: 34556987 PMCID: PMC8455511 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s319255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant public health concern that threatens millions of individuals worldwide. Daclatasvir (DAC) is a promising direct-acting antiviral approved for treating HCV infection around the world. The goal of this study was to encapsulate DAC into novel polyethylene glycol (PEG) decorated bilosomes (PEG-BILS) to achieve enhanced drug delivery to the liver. METHODS DAC-loaded BILS were primed by a thin film hydrating technique. The study of the impact of various formulation variables on the properties of BILS and selection of the optimal formulation was generated using Design-Expert® software. The optimum preparation was then pegylated via the incorporation of PEG-6-stearate (5% w/w, with respect to the lipid phase). RESULTS The optimum PEG-BILS formulation, containing PL:SDC ratio (5:1), 5 mg cholesterol, and 30 min sonication, yielded spherical vesicles in the nanoscale (200±15.2 nm), elevated percent of entrapment efficiency (95.5±7.77%), and a sustained release profile of DAC with 35.11±2.3% release. In vivo and drug distribution studies revealed an enhanced hepatocellular delivery of DAC-loaded PEG-BILS compared to DAC-unPEG-BILS and DAC suspension, where DAC-PEG-BILS achieved 1.19- and 1.54 times the AUC0-24 of DAC-unPEG-BILS and DAC suspension, respectively. Compared with DAC-unPEG-BILS and DAC suspension, DAC-PEG-BILS delivered about 2 and 3 times higher DAC into the liver, respectively. CONCLUSION The innovative encapsulation of DAC-PEG-BILS has a great potential for liver targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nafady
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Shahira Elmenshawe
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa Elkarmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University of Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Teaima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Lipid Nanocarriers for Anti-HIV Therapeutics: A Focus on Physicochemical Properties and Biotechnological Advances. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081294. [PMID: 34452255 PMCID: PMC8398060 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since HIV was first identified, and in a relatively short period of time, AIDS has become one of the most devastating infectious diseases of the 21st century. Classical antiretroviral therapies were a major step forward in disease treatment options, significantly improving the survival rates of HIV-infected individuals. Even though these therapies have greatly improved HIV clinical outcomes, antiretrovirals (ARV) feature biopharmaceutic and pharmacokinetic problems such as poor aqueous solubility, short half-life, and poor penetration into HIV reservoir sites, which contribute to the suboptimal efficacy of these regimens. To overcome some of these issues, novel nanotechnology-based strategies for ARV delivery towards HIV viral reservoirs have been proposed. The current review is focused on the benefits of using lipid-based nanocarriers for tuning the physicochemical properties of ARV to overcome biological barriers upon administration. Furthermore, a correlation between these properties and the potential therapeutic outcomes has been established. Biotechnological advancements using lipid nanocarriers for RNA interference (RNAi) delivery for the treatment of HIV infections were also discussed.
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Hartwig F, Köll-Weber M, Süss R. Preclinical In Vitro Studies with 3D Spheroids to Evaluate Cu(DDC) 2 Containing Liposomes for the Treatment of Neuroblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:894. [PMID: 34204205 PMCID: PMC8234124 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical in vitro studies of drug candidates for anticancer therapy are generally conducted on well-established 2D cell models. Unfortunately, these models are unable to mimic the properties of in vivo tumors. However, in vitro 3D models (spheroids) have been proven to be superior in reflecting the tumor microenvironment. Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC-) is the active metabolite of Disulfiram, an approved drug for alcoholism and repurposed for cancer treatment. DDC- binds copper in a molar ratio of 2:1 resulting in a water-insoluble Cu(DDC)2 complex exhibiting anticancer activities. Delivery of the Cu(DDC)2 complex using nanoparticulate carriers provides decisive advantages for a parental application. In this study, an injectable liposomal Cu(DDC)2 formulation was developed and the toxicity was compared with a 2D neuroblastoma and a 3D neuroblastoma cell model. Our results indicate that Cu(DDC)2 liposomes complied with the size requirements of nanoparticles for intravenous injection and demonstrated high drug to lipid ratios as well as colloidal stability upon storage. Furthermore, an efficient cytotoxic effect on neuroblastoma 2D cell cultures and a very promising and even more pronounced effect on 3D cell cultures in terms of neuroblastoma monoculture and neuroblastoma co-culture with primary cell lines was proven, highly encouraging the use of Cu(DDC)2 liposomes for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Hartwig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Sonnenstr. 5, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (M.K.-W.); (R.S.)
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Aghaei H, Solaimany Nazar AR, Varshosaz J. Double flow focusing microfluidic-assisted based preparation of methotrexate–loaded liposomal nanoparticles: Encapsulation efficacy, drug release and stability. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Krieser K, Emanuelli J, Daudt RM, Bilatto S, Willig JB, Guterres SS, Pohlmann AR, Buffon A, Correa DS, Külkamp-Guerreiro IC. Taste-masked nanoparticles containing Saquinavir for pediatric oral administration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 117:111315. [PMID: 32919675 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This research has aimed to improve the stability and taste-masking properties by developing nanostructured dosage forms containing Saquinavir. Liquid formulations were developed using Eudragit RS100® and Pullulan as polymers. The physicochemical characteristics, stability, in vitro drug release, morphology, mucoadhesion and taste masking capacity were evaluated. The Saquinavir-nanoparticles had average diameters between 136 and 158 nm, with a Span below 1.4. These formulations presented a drug content above 80%, a high encapsulation efficiency (>97%), slightly acidic pH levels, low dynamic viscosity and controlled drug release. Electron microscopy revealed irregular spherical nanoparticles. The formulations prepared with higher amounts of Eudragit RS100® had greater mucoadhesion. Both polymers were able to improve drug stabilization, taste-masking properties and protection against drug cytotoxicity. The Saquinavir-nanoparticles exhibited stability and control releasing properties, thus making it a promising liquid dosage form with taste-masking properties intended for application in pediatric treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Krieser
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Ipiranga, 2572, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana Emanuelli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFRGS, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Renata Moschini Daudt
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, UFRGS, Rua Engenheiro Luiz Englert s/n, Porto Alegre, RS 90040-040, Brazil
| | - Stanley Bilatto
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia para o Agronegócio (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Biz Willig
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Ipiranga, 2572, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFRGS, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Silvia Stanisçuaski Guterres
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Ipiranga, 2572, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFRGS, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Adriana Raffin Pohlmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFRGS, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.; Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, UFRGS, CP15003, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Andréia Buffon
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Ipiranga, 2572, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel Souza Correa
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia para o Agronegócio (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Irene Clemes Külkamp-Guerreiro
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Ipiranga, 2572, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFRGS, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil..
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Jaimalai T, Meeroekyai S, Suree N, Prangkio P. Drug Delivery System Targeting CD4 + T Cells for HIV-1 Latency Reactivation Towards the Viral Eradication. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:3013-3020. [PMID: 32593715 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Development of a cure for HIV/AIDS has been a great challenge due to the establishment of the HIV-1 viral reservoir, mainly within resting CD4+ memory T cells. As a step towards a cure for HIV, this study aimed to develop an approach that reactivates HIV-1 latently infected cells by employing a drug delivery system using immunoliposomes targeting CD4+ T cells. The immunoliposomes were examined for physicochemical properties and determined for their potential stability. A histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor SAHA was used as a model drug being encapsulated within the immunoliposomes that are conjugated with anti-CD4 antibodies. The immunoliposomes are effectively and specifically taken up by the CD4+ J-Lat 10.6 cells, and significantly less so by the CD4- ACH-2 cells. For HIV-1 latent cell reactivation, SAHA-encapsulated immunoliposomes (SAHA-IL) and SAHA-encapsulated liposomes (SAHA-LP) can reactivate HIV latency as effectively as SAHA compound alone. Additionally, a combination of SAHA-IL and a protein kinase C activator, bryostatin-1, also exhibits a synergistic effect on the reactivation. The developed system thus presents a viable option to become a promising approach for HIV-1 latency reversing treatment, a strategy towards developing a functional cure for HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanapak Jaimalai
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, The Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry and Biochemical Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suthasinee Meeroekyai
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, The Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry and Biochemical Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nuttee Suree
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry and Biochemical Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Panchika Prangkio
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry and Biochemical Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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15
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Improving plasma stability and antitumor effect of gemcitabine via PEGylated liposome prepared by active drug loading. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Charoensit P, Pompimon W, Khorana N, Sungthongjeen S. Effect of amide linkage of PEG-lipid conjugates on the stability and cytotoxic activity of goniodiol loaded in PEGylated liposomes. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Formulation and evaluation of spray dried liposomes of lopinavir for topical application. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-018-0403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Gao Y, Kraft JC, Yu D, Ho RJY. Recent developments of nanotherapeutics for targeted and long-acting, combination HIV chemotherapy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 138:75-91. [PMID: 29678735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) given orally has transformed HIV from a terminal illness to a manageable chronic disease. Yet despite the recent development of newer and more potent drugs for cART and suppression of virus in blood to undetectable levels, residual virus remains in tissues. Upon stopping cART, virus rebounds and progresses to AIDS. Current oral cART regimens have several drawbacks including (1) challenges in patient adherence due to pill fatigue or side-effects, (2) the requirement of life-long daily drug intake, and (3) limited penetration and retention in cells within lymph nodes. Appropriately designed injectable nano-drug combinations that are long-acting and retained in HIV susceptible cells within lymph nodes may address these challenges. While a number of nanomaterials have been investigated for delivery of HIV drugs and drug combinations, key challenges involve developing and scaling delivery systems that provide a drug combination targeted to HIV host cells and tissues where residual virus persists. With validation of the drug-insufficiency hypothesis in lymph nodes, progress has been made in the development of drug combination nanoparticles that are long-acting and targeted to lymph nodes and cells. Unique drug combination nanoparticles (DcNPs) composed of three HIV drugs-lopinavir, ritonavir, and tenofovir-have been shown to provide enhanced drug levels in lymph nodes; and elevated drug-combination levels in HIV-host cells in the blood and plasma for two weeks. This review summarizes the progress in the development of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for HIV therapy. It discusses how injectable nanocarriers may be designed to enable delivery of drug combinations that are long-lasting and target-selective in physiological contexts (in vivo) to provide safe and effective use. Consistent drug combination exposure in the sites of residual HIV in tissues and cells may overcome drug insufficiency observed in patients on oral cART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - John C Kraft
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Danni Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Rodney J Y Ho
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
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19
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Khan T, Gurav P. PhytoNanotechnology: Enhancing Delivery of Plant Based Anti-cancer Drugs. Front Pharmacol 2018; 8:1002. [PMID: 29479316 PMCID: PMC5811929 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural resources continue to be an invaluable source of new, novel chemical entities of therapeutic utility due to the vast structural diversity observed in them. The quest for new and better drugs has witnessed an upsurge in exploring and harnessing nature especially for discovery of antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anticancer agents. Nature has historically provide us with potent anticancer agents which include vinca alkaloids [vincristine (VCR), vinblastine, vindesine, vinorelbine], taxanes [paclitaxel (PTX), docetaxel], podophyllotoxin and its derivatives [etoposide (ETP), teniposide], camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives (topotecan, irinotecan), anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin), and others. In fact, half of all the anti-cancer drugs approved internationally are either natural products or their derivatives and were developed on the basis of knowledge gained from small molecules or macromolecules that exist in nature. Three new anti-cancer drugs introduced in 2007, viz. trabectedin, epothilone derivative ixabepilone, and temsirolimus were obtained from microbial sources. Selective drug targeting is the need of the current therapeutic regimens for increased activity on cancer cells and reduced toxicity to normal cells. Nanotechnology driven modified drugs and drug delivery systems are being developed and introduced in the market for better cancer treatment and management with good results. The use of nanoparticulate drug carriers can resolve many challenges in drug delivery to the cancer cells that includes: improving drug solubility and stability, extending drug half-lives in the blood, reducing adverse effects in non-target organs, and concentrating drugs at the disease site. This review discusses the scientific ventures and explorations involving application of nanotechnology to some selected plant derived molecules. It presents a comprehensive review of formulation strategies of phytoconstituents in development of novel delivery systems like liposomes, functionalized nanoparticles (NPs), application of polymer conjugates, as illustrated in the graphical abstract along with their advantages over conventional drug delivery systems supported by enhanced biological activity in in vitro and in vivo anticancer assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabassum Khan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Pranav Gurav
- Quality Assurance, Alkem Laboratories Ltd., Mumbai, India
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Pashirova TN, Burilova EA, Lukashenko SS, Lenina OA, Zobov VV, Khamatgalimov AR, Kovalenko VI, Zakharova LY, Sinyashin OG. Synthesis, Self-Association, and Solubilizing Ability of an Amphiphilic Derivative of Poly(ethylene glycol) Methyl Ether. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s107036321712012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Zhang Q, Zhang L, Li Z, Xie X, Gao X, Xu X. Inducing Controlled Release and Increased Tumor-Targeted Delivery of Chlorambucil via Albumin/Liposome Hybrid Nanoparticles. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2977-2986. [PMID: 28477146 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes possess good biocompatibility and excellent tumor-targeting capacity. However, the rapid premature release of lipophilic drugs from the lipid bilayer of liposomes has negative effect on the tumor-targeted drug delivery of liposomes. In this study, a lipophilic antitumor drug-chlorambucil (CHL)-was encapsulated into the aqueous interior of liposomes with the aid of albumin to obtain the CHL-loaded liposomes/albumin hybrid nanoparticles (CHL-Hybrids). The in vitro accumulative release rate of CHL from CHL-Hybrids was less than 50% within 48 h, while the accumulative CHL release was more than 80% for CHL-loaded liposomes (CHL-Lip). After intravenous injection into rats, the half-life (t 1/2β = 5.68 h) and maximum blood concentration (C max = 4.58 μg/mL) of CHL-Hybrids were respectively 1.1 times and 3.5 times higher than that of CHL-Lip. In addition, CHL-Hybrids had better tumor-targeting capacity for it significantly increased the drug accumulation in B16F10 tumors, which contributed to the significantly control of tumor growth compared with CHL-Lip. Furthermore, CHL-Hybrid-treated B16F10 melanoma-bearing mice displayed the longest median survival time of 30.0 days among all the treated groups. Our results illustrated that the proposed hybrids drug delivery system would be a promising strategy to maintain the controlled release of lipophilic antitumor drugs from liposomes and simultaneously facilitate the tumor-targeted drug delivery.
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22
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Lembo D, Donalisio M, Civra A, Argenziano M, Cavalli R. Nanomedicine formulations for the delivery of antiviral drugs: a promising solution for the treatment of viral infections. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 15:93-114. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1360863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Monica Argenziano
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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23
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The effect of thermosensitive liposomal formulations on loading and release of high molecular weight biomolecules. Int J Pharm 2017; 524:279-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Jindal AB, Bachhav SS, Devarajan PV. In situ hybrid nano drug delivery system (IHN-DDS) of antiretroviral drug for simultaneous targeting to multiple viral reservoirs: An in vivo proof of concept. Int J Pharm 2017; 521:196-203. [PMID: 28229943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We report In situ hybrid nano drug delivery system (IHN-DDS) of nevirapine (NVP) for simultaneous targeting to multiple viral reservoirs. The IHN-DDS system was comprised of a preconcentrate containing NVP, lipid, and a surfactant which when diluted with water resulted in the formation of nanoparticles of size range varied from 70 to 1100nm. Transmission electron microscopy and small angle neutron scattering studies of pellet and supernatant obtained after centrifugation of the IHN-DDS revealed spherical shaped nanoparticles and assembled structures, respectively. Uniform distribution of the NVP in lipid nanoparticles was confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Biodistribution studies in rats showed significant enhancement of NVP concentration of about 6.1, 5.8 and 3.7 fold in the liver, spleen, and brain, respectively after intravenous administration of IHN-DDS systems compared to plain NVP solution. In conclusion, IHN-DDS systems could be a promising approach for simultaneous multisite targeting and could provide therapeutic benefits in complete eradication of HIV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil B Jindal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India; Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sagar S Bachhav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Padma V Devarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India.
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25
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Lipid raft-like liposomes used for targeted delivery of a chimeric entry-inhibitor peptide with anti-HIV-1 activity. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 13:601-609. [PMID: 27565689 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The work reports the design and synthesis of a chimeric peptide that is composed of the peptide sequences of two entry inhibitors which target different sites of HIV-1 gp41. The chimeric peptide offers the advantage of targeting two gp41 regions simultaneously: the fusion peptide and the loop both of which are membrane active and participate in the membrane fusion process. We therefore use lipid raft-like liposomes as a tool to specifically direct the chimeric inhibitor peptide to the membrane domains where the HIV-1 envelope protein is located. Moreover, the liposomes that mimic the viral membrane composition protect the chimeric peptide against proteolytic digestion thereby increasing the stability of the peptide. The described liposome preparations are suitable nanosystems for managing hydrophobic entry-inhibitor peptides as putative therapeutics.
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26
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Shao J, Kraft JC, Li B, Yu J, Freeling J, Koehn J, Ho RJ. Nanodrug formulations to enhance HIV drug exposure in lymphoid tissues and cells: clinical significance and potential impact on treatment and eradication of HIV/AIDS. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:545-64. [PMID: 26892323 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.16.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although oral combination antiretroviral therapy effectively clears plasma HIV, patients on oral drugs exhibit much lower drug concentrations in lymph nodes than blood. This drug insufficiency is linked to residual HIV in cells of lymph nodes. While nanoformulations improve drug solubility, safety and delivery, most HIV nanoformulations are intended to extend plasma levels. A stable nanodrug combination that transports, delivers and accumulates in lymph nodes is needed to clear HIV in lymphoid tissues. This review discusses limitations of current oral combination antiretroviral therapy and advances in anti-HIV nanoformulations. A 'systems approach' has been proposed to overcome these limitations. This concept has been used to develop nanoformulations for overcoming drug insufficiency, extending cell and tissue exposure and clearing virus for treating HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Shao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert & Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John C Kraft
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jesse Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer Freeling
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Josefin Koehn
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rodney Jy Ho
- Cancer Metastasis Alert & Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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27
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Brilhante RSN, Caetano ÉP, Riello GB, Guedes GMDM, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Fechine MAB, Oliveira JSD, Camargo ZPD, Mesquita JRLD, Monteiro AJ, Cordeiro RDA, Rocha MFG, Sidrim JJC. Antiretroviral drugs saquinavir and ritonavir reduce inhibitory concentration values of itraconazole against Histoplasma capsulatum strains in vitro. Braz J Infect Dis 2015; 20:155-9. [PMID: 26748233 PMCID: PMC9427650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that some drugs that are not routinely used to treat fungal infections have antifungal activity, such as protease inhibitor antiretroviral drugs. This study investigated the in vitro susceptibility of Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum to saquinavir and ritonavir, and its combination with the antifungal itraconazole. The susceptibility assay was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. All strains were inhibited by the protease inhibitor antiretroviral drugs. Saquinavir showed minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.125 to 1μgmL(-1) for both phases, and ritonavir presented minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.0312 to 4μgmL(-1)and from 0.0625 to 1μgmL(-1) for filamentous and yeast phase, respectively. Concerning the antifungal itraconazole, the minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged from 0.0019 to 0.125μgmL(-1) and from 0.0039 to 0.0312μgmL(-1) for the filamentous and yeast phase, respectively. The combination of saquinavir or ritonavir with itraconazole was synergistic against H. capsulatum, with a significant reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentrations of both drugs against the strains (p<0.05). These data show an important in vitro synergy between protease inhibitors and itraconazole against the fungus H. capsulatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Érica Pacheco Caetano
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Barbosa Riello
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Jonathas Sales de Oliveira
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - André Jalles Monteiro
- Department of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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28
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Madureira AR, Pereira A, Pintado M. Current state on the development of nanoparticles for use against bacterial gastrointestinal pathogens. Focus on chitosan nanoparticles loaded with phenolic compounds. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 130:429-39. [PMID: 26076644 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal diseases have a huge impact especially in third world countries, making it urgent to seek new effective antimicrobial therapies. Thus, the development of nanoparticles (NPs) with bioactive compounds having antimicrobial activity has been the target of research over the past years. The development of antimicrobial drug NPs may be promising to overcome the problems associated with antibiotic resistance caused by many pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, the NPs administration of antimicrobial agents has advantages associated therewith, as use of low cost materials, contribution to the improvement of the therapeutic index and a controlled release drug by increasing the pharmacokinetics. These systems can be used to specific strains of bacteria, and to release interesting antimicrobial compounds. The phenolic compounds (PC) are a class of such bioactive compounds for which their antimicrobial activity was already tested on the production of NPs. Polymeric or lipidic NPs systems have been investigated to deliver these compounds. Chitosan is a polymer widely known for their properties, especially the antimicrobial activity and its ability to adhere to intestinal epithelium. This review article aims to evaluate and discuss recent developments in PC new delivery systems with antimicrobial activity against gastrointestinal pathogens, their production processes, activities, focusing on NPs produced using chitosan as the main structural and functional material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Madureira
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adriana Pereira
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
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29
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Giacalone G, Hillaireau H, Fattal E. Improving bioavailability and biodistribution of anti-HIV chemotherapy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 75:40-53. [PMID: 25937367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the context of the treatment of HIV/AIDS, many improvements have been achieved since the introduction of the combination therapy (HAART). Nevertheless, no cure for this disease has been so far possible, because of some particular features of the therapies. Among them, two important ones have been selected and will be the subject of this review. The first main concern in the treatments is the poor drug bioavailability, resulting in repeated administrations and therefore a demanding compliance (drug regimens consist of multiple drugs daily intake, and non-adherence to therapy is among the important reasons for treatment failure). A second important challenge is the need to target the drugs into the so-called reservoirs and sanctuaries, i.e. cells or body compartments where drugs cannot penetrate or are distributed in sub-active concentrations. The lack of antiviral action in these regions allows the virus to lie latent and start to replicate at any moment after therapy suspension. Recent drug delivery strategies addressing these two limitations will be presented in this review. In the first part, strategies to improve the bioavailability are proposed in order to overcome the absorption or the target cell barrier, or to extend the efficacy time of drugs. In the second section, the biodistribution issues are considered in order to target the drugs into the reservoirs and the sanctuaries, in particular the mononuclear phagocyte system and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Giacalone
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; CNRS, UMR 8612, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Hervé Hillaireau
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; CNRS, UMR 8612, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Elias Fattal
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; CNRS, UMR 8612, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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Zhang Q, Zhang X, Chen T, Wang X, Fu Y, Jin Y, Sun X, Gong T, Zhang Z. A safe and efficient hepatocyte-selective carrier system based on myristoylated preS1/21-47 domain of hepatitis B virus. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:9298-9310. [PMID: 25945919 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04730c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A safe and efficient liver targeted PEGylated liposome (PEG-Lip) based on N-terminal myristoylated preS1/21-47 (preS1/21-47(myr)) of hepatitis B virus was successfully developed. The study aimed to elucidate the cellular uptake mechanism of preS1/21-47(myr) modified PEG-Lip (preS1/21-47(myr)-PEG-Lip) in hepatogenic cells and the distribution behavior of preS1/21-47(myr)-PEG-Lip in Vr:CD1 (ICR) mice. The cellular uptake results showed that preS1/21-47(myr)-PEG-Lip was effectively taken up by hepatogenic cells (including primary hepatocytes and liver tumor cells) through a receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway compared with non-hepatogenic cells. After systemic administration to H22 hepatoma-bearing mice, preS1/21-47(myr)-PEG-Lip showed significant liver-specific delivery and an increase in the distribution of preS1/21-47(myr)-PEG-Lip in hepatic tumor. Furthermore, the antitumor effect of preS1/21-47(myr)-PEG-Lip loaded with paclitaxel (PTX) was remarkably stronger than that of PTX injection and PTX loaded liposomes (including common liposomes and PEG-Lip). In safety evaluation, no acute systemic toxicity and immunotoxicity were observed after intravenous injection of preS1/21-47(myr)-PEG-Lip. No liver toxicity was observed despite the dramatic increase of preS1/21-47(myr)-PEG-Lip in liver. Taken together, preS1/21-47(myr)-PEG-Lip represents a promising carrier system for targeted liver disease therapy and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Ramana LN, Sharma S, Sethuraman S, Ranga U, Krishnan UM. Stealth anti-CD4 conjugated immunoliposomes with dual antiretroviral drugs--modern Trojan horses to combat HIV. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 89:300-11. [PMID: 25500283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is the currently employed therapeutic intervention against AIDS where a drug combination is used to reduce the viral load. The present work envisages the development of a stealth anti-CD4 conjugated immunoliposomes containing two anti-retroviral drugs (nevirapine and saquinavir) that can selectively home into HIV infected cells through the CD4 receptor. The nanocarrier was characterized using transmission electron microscopy, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry, particle size and zeta potential. The cell uptake was also evaluated qualitatively using confocal microscopy and quantitatively by flow cytometry. The drug to lipid composition was optimized for maximum encapsulation of the two drugs. Both drugs were found to localize in different regions of the liposome. The release of the reverse transcriptase inhibitor was dominant during the early phases of the release while in the later phases, the protease inhibitor is the major constituent released. The drugs delivered via anti-CD4 conjugated immunoliposomes inhibited viral proliferation at a significantly lower concentration as compared to free drugs. In vitro studies of nevirapine to saquinavir combination at a ratio of 6.2:5 and a concentration as low as 5 ng/mL efficiently blocked viral proliferation suggesting that co-delivery of anti-retroviral drugs holds a greater promise for efficient management of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shilpee Sharma
- HIV-AIDS Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Udaykumar Ranga
- HIV-AIDS Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India.
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Bhavsar D, Subramanian K, Sethuraman S, Krishnan UM. EpCAM-targeted liposomal si-RNA delivery for treatment of epithelial cancer. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:1101-14. [PMID: 25417832 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.973082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA interference (RNAi) technology using short interfering RNA (si-RNA) has shown immense potential in the treatment of cancers through silencing of specific genes. Cationic non-viral vectors employed for gene delivery exhibit toxic effects in normal cells limiting their widespread use, therefore, site-specific delivery using benign carriers could address this issue. OBJECTIVE Design of a non-toxic carrier that enables site-specific delivery of si-RNA into the cancer cells is of prime importance to realize the promise of gene silencing. METHODS In the present study, non-cationic liposomes encapsulating si-RNA against epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) were developed and characterized for encapsulation efficiency, colloidal stability, in vitro and in vivo gene silencing efficacy. RESULTS PEGylated liposomes containing phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine exhibited maximum si-RNA encapsulation efficiency of 47%, zeta potential of -21 mV, phase transition temperature of 51 °C and good colloidal stability in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) and plasma protein (PP) at 37 °C. Conjugation of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) antibody to the liposomes resulted in enhanced cell internalization and superior down-regulation of EpCAM gene in MCF-7 cell lines when compared with free si-RNA and the non-targeted liposomes. In vivo evaluation of immunoliposomes for their efficacy in regressing the tumor volume in Balb/c SCID mice showed about 35% reduction of tumor volume in comparison with the positive control when administered with an extremely low dose of 0.15 mg/kg twice a week for 4 weeks. CONCLUSION Our results exhibit that the nanocarrier-mediated silencing of EpCAM gene is a promising strategy to treat epithelial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Bhavsar
- a Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical & Biotechnology , SASTRA University , Thanjavur , India and
| | - Krishnakumar Subramanian
- b L&T Ophthalmic Pathology Department, Sankara Nethralaya , Vision Research Foundation , Chennai , India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- a Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical & Biotechnology , SASTRA University , Thanjavur , India and
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- a Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical & Biotechnology , SASTRA University , Thanjavur , India and
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Ourique AF, Chaves PDS, Souto GD, Pohlmann AR, Guterres SS, Beck RCR. Redispersible liposomal-N-acetylcysteine powder for pulmonary administration: development, in vitro characterization and antioxidant activity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 65:174-82. [PMID: 25263567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Liposomal dry powders of N-acetylcysteine (SD-NAC-Lip) were developed for pulmonary administration. Liposomes were prepared by reverse phase evaporation and spray dried using lactose (10%, w/w) as drying adjuvant. The powders were characterized according to process yield, drug content, residual water content, particle size distribution, morphology and redispersion behavior. In vitro aerosol performance was evaluated using an eight-stage Andersen Cascade Impactor. Moreover, in vitro antioxidant activity was determined by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) present in the lungs of healthy Wistar rats after induction of oxidation by iron/EDTA. The spray-drying process had a high yield (71%±2), drug content (mg/g) according to the expected value, moisture content below 9%, geometric mean diameter under 3μm with span value lower than 1. Spherical particles were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Liposomal dry-powders were able to recover the nanometric size of the original dispersion after their redispersion in aqueous medium, as shown by laser diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the powders presented aerodynamic diameter of about 7μm and respirable fraction above 30%, indicating suitable properties for pulmonary use. The encapsulation of N-acetylcysteine in liposomes was essential to maintain its in vitro antioxidant activity after the drying process. In addition, the powder containing the encapsulated drug had better in vitro antioxidant activity than the liquid and solid formulations containing the non-encapsulated drug, which makes it a good candidate for the treatment of pulmonary diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ferreira Ourique
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Dos Santos Chaves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Dadalt Souto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana Raffin Pohlmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia Stanisçuaski Guterres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Kumar L, Verma S, Prasad DN, Bhardwaj A, Vaidya B, Jain AK. Nanotechnology: a magic bullet for HIV AIDS treatment. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 43:71-86. [PMID: 24564348 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.883400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become devastating in last a few years. Nearly 7400 new infection cases are coming every day. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which involves combination of at least three antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, has been used to extend the life span of the HIV-infected patients. HAART has played an important role to reduce mortality rate in the developed countries but in the developing countries condition is still worst with millions of people being infected by this disease. For the improvement of the situation, nanotechnology-based drug system has been explored for the HIV therapeutics. Nanosystems used for HIV therapeutics offer some unique advantage like enhancement of bioavailability, water solubility, stability, and targeting ability of ARV drugs. Main nanotechnology-based systems explored for HIV therapeutics are liposomes, nanoparticles, niosomes, polymeric micelles, and dendrimers. Present manuscript reviews conventional method of HIV therapeutics and recent advances in the field of nanotechnology-based systems for treatment of HIV-AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shivalik College of Pharmacy , Punjab , India
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Ramana LN, Sharma S, Sethuraman S, Ranga U, Krishnan UM. Evaluation of chitosan nanoformulations as potent anti-HIV therapeutic systems. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:476-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Elmowafy M, Viitala T, Ibrahim HM, Abu-Elyazid SK, Samy A, Kassem A, Yliperttula M. Silymarin loaded liposomes for hepatic targeting: in vitro evaluation and HepG2 drug uptake. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 50:161-71. [PMID: 23851081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Silymarin has hepatoprotective properties and is used in treatment of various liver diseases, but its bioavailability from oral products is very poor. In order to overcome its poor oral bioavailability we have prepared silymarin loaded hepatic targeting liposomes suitable for parenteral administration. The liposomal formulations were composed of hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol with or without distearoylphosphoethanolamine-(polyethyleneglycol)-2000 and various amounts of β-sitosterol β-D-glucoside (Sito-G) as the hepatic targeting moiety. Increasing the amount of Sito-G in the liposomes gradually decreased drug encapsulation efficiencies from ∼70% to ∼60%; still showing promising drug encapsulation efficiencies. Addition of Sito-G to non-PEGylated liposomes clearly affected their drug release profiles and plasma protein interactions, whereas no effect on these was seen for the PEGylated liposomes. Non-PEGylated liposomes with 0.17 M ratio of Sito-G exhibited the highest cellular drug uptake of 37.5% for all of the studied liposome formulations. The highest cellular drug uptake in the case of PEGylated liposomes was 18%, which was achieved with 0.17 and 0.33 M ratio of added Sito-G. The liposome formulations with the highest drug delivery efficacy in this study showed hemolytic activities around 12.7% and were stable for at least 2 months upon storage in 20 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.4) containing 1.5% Polysorbate 80 at 4 °C and room temperature. These results suggest that the Sito-G containing liposomes prepared in this work have hepatic targeting capability and that they are promising candidates for delivering silymarin to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Elmowafy
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 000014 Helsinki, Finland
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Chopra S, Venkatesan N, Betageri GV. Liposomes as nanocarriers for anti-HIV therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2013; 3:471-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-013-0134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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